Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd
Upload
86 views

Biomedical Instrumentation Project Report: Submitted by

The document describes a project to develop a pulse oximetry system using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to measure peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) levels. It involves collecting photoplethysmography (PPG) signal data from a sensor on a patient's fingertip. FFT is used to analyze the PPG signals and estimate the SpO2 level and heart rate. The project implements the FFT algorithm in MATLAB to process PPG data and demonstrate measuring SpO2 without using conventional time-domain analysis. The goal is to provide a more efficient spectral analysis method for portable pulse oximetry applications.

Uploaded by

mahsa sherbafi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
86 views

Biomedical Instrumentation Project Report: Submitted by

The document describes a project to develop a pulse oximetry system using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to measure peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) levels. It involves collecting photoplethysmography (PPG) signal data from a sensor on a patient's fingertip. FFT is used to analyze the PPG signals and estimate the SpO2 level and heart rate. The project implements the FFT algorithm in MATLAB to process PPG data and demonstrate measuring SpO2 without using conventional time-domain analysis. The goal is to provide a more efficient spectral analysis method for portable pulse oximetry applications.

Uploaded by

mahsa sherbafi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 7

Biomedical Instrumentation

Project Report

SpO2 Management System using Fast Fourier


Transform (FFT)

Submitted By:
Tirumal Naidu (2017082)
Surya Charan (2017176)
Introduction

Pulse oximetry is a method for monitoring a person's oxygen saturation by


collecting the reading of peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2). Most
commonly, a sensor device is placed on a thin part of the patient's body,
usually a fingertip or earlobe. The device passes two wavelengths of light
through the body part to a photodetector. It measures the changing
absorbance at each of the wavelengths, allowing it to determine the
absorbances due to the pulsing arterial blood alone.

Fig 1. Pulse Oximeter

Because of their simplicity of use and the ability to provide continuous and
immediate oxygen saturation values, pulse oximeters are of critical
importance in emergency medicine.

Pulse oximeters are used to help with the early detection of COVID-19
infections, which may cause initially unnoticeable low arterial oxygen
saturation and hypoxia. Studies of reliability show mixed results, and
there’s little guidance on how to choose one. But many doctors are
advising patients to get one, making it the go-to gadget of the pandemic.
Problem Statement

Pulse oximetry estimates arterial haemoglobin oxygen saturation (Sp02)


through analysis of light waveforms transmitted through a capillary tissue
bed. Usually, we calculate the SpO2 through the time series analysis of the
PPG signal we obtain from the pulse oximeter. In this project, we will
measure the SpO2 through spectral analysis of PPG using Fast Fourier
Transform(FFT) in MATLAB.

Motivation

Spectral Analysis is the most efficient methods for SpO2 computation.


SpO2 measurement using FFT may provide a low power, low cost, small
footprint in portable pulse oximetry applications.

Methodology

SpO2 is simply the ratio of oxygenated haemoglobin concentration co to


total haemoglobin concentration co+cd:

When light passes through a material it loses energy as it is absorbed by


matter. The attenuation can be described using Beer-Lambart Law:

Haemoglobin exists in two difference forms in human blood: oxygenated


(HbO2) and deoxygenated (Hb). Each has different extinction coefficients
at different wavelengths.

Using
the
above
law,
the absorbance of red light and infrared light through one's fingertip can be
modeled by the following equation:
By filtering these signals, the dc (constant over short periods of time) and
ac (average value of zero of short periods of time) components may be
extracted. Then, the dc-normalized transmission ratio R is calculated.
SpO2 is a function of the dc-normalized transmission ratio R.

Fig 2. PPG Data (For Red and IR)

Spectral Analysis :
If the spectrum or a sampling of the spectrum of a short frame of signal is
obtained, then the values of Ir,ac and Iir,ac can be taken as the magnitude of
the spectrum at the fundamental frequency of heartbeat. Then, dividing by
the respective dc levels (also obtained from the spectra) and taking the
ratio yields the overall dc-normalized transmission ratio for that time
frame.
This spectral analysis is done by calculating Discrete Fourier transform
(DFT) of Ir and Iir using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT).
The DFT of x[n] at frequency ωk is given by :

Block Diagram

Fig 3. Typical Oximetry Block Diagram

Problem Solution

We process the PPG data of a person by writing a MATLAB program


which can implement the FFT and estimate the SpO2 level and heart rate of
the person. If we develop the sensor, we will implement the same
algorithm (typically in C++) in a Digital Signal Processor (DSP) of a
Embedded processor.
Fig 4. Implementation of SpO2 measurement in MATLAB

Conclusion

We successfully measured SpO2 levels and heart rate using Fast Fourier
Transform from a PPG data of a patient
References

[1] Christopher Hood, Discrete Fourier Transform Techniques


for Pulse Oximetry Signal Processing. OpenStax CNX. Apr
2, 2014

[2] Scharf, John E., and Terry L. Rusch. "Optimization of portable pulse
oximetry through Fourier analysis." [1993] Proceedings of the Twelfth
Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference. IEEE, 1993.

[3] Scharf E, Athan S, Cain D, "Pulse oximetry through Spectral


Analysis", Abstract, Presented at the 12th Southern
Biomedical Engineering Conference, Tulane University, April 1993.

[4] Lopez, Santiago, and R. T. A. C. Americas. "Pulse oximeter


fundamentals and design." Free scale semiconductor (2012).

You might also like