PTE Essay Topics List With Answers
PTE Essay Topics List With Answers
PTE Essay Topics List With Answers
Below is text with blanks. Click on each blank, a list of choices will appear. Select the
appropriate answer for each blank.
An exotic type of diamond may have come to Earth from outer space, scientists say.
Called carbonado or “black” diamonds, the stones are found in Brazil
and the Central African Republic. They are unusual for being the color or charcoal
and full of frothy bubbles. The diamonds, which can weigh in at more than 3,600
carats, can also have a face that looks like melted glass. Because of
their appearance, the diamonds are unsuitable as gemstones. But
they do have industrial applications and were used in the drill bits that helped dig the
Panama Canal. Now a team led by Stephen Haggerty of Florida International
University in Miami has presented a new study that the odd stones
were brought to Earth by an asteroid billions of years ago. The findings were
published online in the journal Astrophysical Journal Letters on December 20.
Explosive Theory: The scientists exposed polished pieces of carbonado to extremely
intense infrared light. The test revealed the presence of many hydrogen-carbon
bonds, indicating that the diamonds probably formed in a hydrogen-rich environment
—such as that found in space. The diamonds also showed strong similarities to tiny
nanodiamonds, which are frequently found in meteorites. "They're not
," Haggerty said, "but they're very similar. Astrophysicists, he added, have developed
theories predicting that nanodiamonds form easily in the titanic stellar explosions
called supernovas, which scatter debris through interstellar space. The deposits in
the Central African Republic and Brazil, he said, come from the
impact of a diamond-rich asteroid billions of years ago, when South America and
Africa were joined.
The fall of smallpox began with the realization that of the disease
were immune for the rest of their lives. This led to the practice of variolation - a
process of exposing a healthy person to infected material from a person with
smallpox in the hopes of producing a mild disease that immunity
from further infection. The first written account of variolation describes a Buddhist
nun practicing around 1022 to 1063 AD.By the 1700's, this method of variolation
was practice in China, India, and Turkey. In the late 1700's European
physicians used this and other methods of variolation, but reported "devastating"
results in some cases. Overall, 2% to 3% of people who were variolated died of
smallpox, but this practice decreased the total number of smallpox -
by 10-fold
Below is text with blanks. Click on each blank, a list of choices will appear. Select the
appropriate answer for each blank.
Gas drilling on the Indonesian island of Java has a "mud volcano" that
has killed 13 people and may render four square miles (ten square kilometers) of
countryside uninhabitable for years. In a report released on January 23, a team of
British researchers says the deadly upwelling began when an exploratory gas well
punched through a layer of rock 9,300 feet (2,800 meters) below the surface,
allowing hot, high-pressure water to escape. The water carried mud the
surface, where it has spread a region 2.5 miles (4 kilometers) in
diameter in the eight months since the eruption began. The mud volcano is similar to
a gusher or blowout, which occur in oil drilling when oil or gas squirt to the surface,
the team says. This upwelling, however, spews out a volume of mud equivalent to a
dozen Olympic swimming pools each day. Although the eruption isn't as
as a conventional volcano, more than a dozen people died when a natural gas
pipeline ruptured. The research team, who published their findings in the February
issue of GSA Today, also estimate that the volcano, called Lusi, will leave more than
11,000 people permanently displaced.
Leonard Lauder, chief executive of the company his mother founded, says she
always thought she “was growing a nice little business.” And that it is. A little
business that 45% of the cosmetics market in U.S. department
stores. A little business that sells in 118 countries and last year grew to be $3.6
billion big in sales. The Lauder family’s shares are worth more than $6 billion. But
early on, there wasn’t a burgeoning business, there weren’t houses in New York, Palm
Beach, Fla., or the south of France. It is said that at one point there was one person
to answer the telephones who her voice to become the shipping or
billing department as needed. You more or less know the Estee Lauder story
because it’s a chapter from the book of American business folklore. In short,
Josephine Esther Mentzer, daughter of immigrants, lived above her father’s hardware
store in Corona, a section of Queens in New York City. She started
her by selling skin creams concocted by her uncle, a chemist, in
beauty shops, beach clubs and resorts. No doubt the portions were good — Estee
Lauder was a quality fanatic — but the saleslady was better. Much better. And she
simply outworked everyone else in the cosmetics industry. She the
bosses of New York City department stores until she got some counter space at
Saks Fifth Avenue in 1948. And once in that space, she utilized a personal selling
approach that proved as as the promise of her skin regimens and
perfumes.
Heriot-Watt University in Edinburgh has become the first in Europe to offer an MBA in
Arabic. Arab students will be able to sign up to study at for the
business courses in their own language. The Edinburgh Business
School the project at a reception in Cairo on Saturday. It is hoped the
course will improve links between the university and the Arab business world. A
university spokeswoman said that it was hoped that the Arabic MBA would
the profile of Heriot-Watt University and the Edinburgh Business School
among businesses in the Arabic-speaking world. It is also hoped that a
strong _ of graduates will be created in the . The
first of students is expected later this year. Professor Keith Lumsden,
director of Edinburgh Business School, said: "Arabic is a major global language and
the Arab world is a center for business and industrial development. We are proud to
work with Arab International Education to the of the
region."
The steps in the scientific method guide researchers in planning, conducting and
interpreting research studies. However, it is important to recognise some of the
limitations of such a "disciplined inquiry " approach. For example, it cannot provide
answers to questions that seek to determine what should be done. Some questions
are not answerable by research studies because collecting data will not resolve the
question, or because the answer is also influenced by personal philosophy, values
and ethics.
Secondly, research studies can never capture the full richness of the individuals and
sites that they study. Although some research approaches lead to deeper
understanding of the research context than others, no approach provides full
comprehension of a site and its inhabitants. No matter how many variables one
studies or how long one is immersed in a research context, there will always be other
variables and aspects of a context that were not examined. Thus, all research gives
us a simplified version of reality, an abstration from the whole.
Thirdly, there are limits to our research technologies. Our data collection instruments
and the available theories are primitive in comparision to the instruments and
theories of, say, medicine. Our measuring instruments always have some degree of
error. The variables we study are often proxies for the real behavior we seek to
examine. For example, we use a multiple choice test to assess a person's values.
Finally educational research is carried out the co-operation of participants who agree
to provide researchers with data. Because researchers deal with human beings, they
must consider a number of ethical concerns and responsibilities to the participants.
For example, they must shelter participants from real or potential harm. They must
inform participants about the nature of the planned research and address the
expectations of the participants
Read the text and answer the multiple-choice question by selecting all the correct
responses. You will need to select more than one response.
Some questions are not only answerable by research studies, but they are also influenced by
The full richness of the individuals and sites of the experiment cannot be captured by the
research studies.
Participants are not informed about the nature of the planned research.
Variables and other aspects of a context are always examined in research studies.
Imagine visiting your doctor for an annual exam—only this time the checkup begins
not with a physical but with a routine sequencing of your genome.
Using information from the test, your physician not only diagnoses the diseases you
are most susceptible to but also selects the types and doses of medication best
suited to help you combat the maladies. It's called personalized medicine. And no, it
doesn't mean your doctor will be extra kind or personable.
The term broadly refers to the detection, treatment, and prevention of diseases
based on a person's unique genetic makeup, and many people believe it will
revolutionize health care.
"When you go to your physician ten years from now virtually all of the decisions
about diagnosis and treatment will be based on individual information about your
particular circumstance as opposed to a more general kind of approach to lots of
other people in your general circumstance," said genome expert Francis Collins.
Collins led the international effort to sequence the human genome, which was
completed in 2003. That effort was followed by the creation of a map of human
genetic variation. The genome contains tens of thousands of genes, which code for
proteins and other molecules that make life possible.
Although there are some three billion "letters" in the human DNA code, 99.9 percent
are identical between any two people. The small remaining differences hold clues
about why people tend to develop particular diseases.
"We now have the technology to assess in people with disease, versus those who
don't have the disease, which of those [genetic] variances seem to be
overrepresented," Collins said.
"We are on the brink of discovering what are the hereditary factors in diabetes, heart
disease, in the common cancers, high blood pressure, asthma, mental illness—
virtually any disease you can think of that tends to run in families.
Read the text and answer the multiple-choice question by selecting all the correct
responses. You will need to select more than one response.