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Bash Scripting Notes

Linux provides multiple shells like bash, ksh, and csh. Scripting allows running multiple commands by saving them in a file. A shebang line specifying the interpreter must be the first line of a script. Variables can store and retrieve values, and control structures like if/else and loops allow conditionally executing blocks of code. Functions allow grouping reusable code.

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Vikky Nangare
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32 views

Bash Scripting Notes

Linux provides multiple shells like bash, ksh, and csh. Scripting allows running multiple commands by saving them in a file. A shebang line specifying the interpreter must be the first line of a script. Variables can store and retrieve values, and control structures like if/else and loops allow conditionally executing blocks of code. Functions allow grouping reusable code.

Uploaded by

Vikky Nangare
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Scripting

 Linux provides multiple shells


o sh (default): link to bash
o bash (default)
o ksh
o csh
o tcsh
o zsh
 script: file having multiple linux commands
 sheband header:
o has to be present on line number 1
o has to start with #!
o It must contain the path to the executable which will be use to execute the
script
o E.g. #!/usr/bin/bash
 To execute the script
o sh <file name>
o chmod ugo+x <filename>
o ./<file name>

Variables
 to declare a variable
o <variable name>=<variable value>
o make sure there is no space before and after = sign
o num=100
o num = 100 is considered as an error
 to get value of a variable
o $<var name>
o echo num => num
o echo $num => 100
 to get value from user and store in a var, use read function
o read <var1> <var2>…
o read –p “enter number: ” num
o echo –n “enter number: “
o read num
 to get command line arguments
o the 0th argument is always the file/program name: $0
o the first argument is 1 and to get the value of 1st argument use : $1
o the second argument is 2 and to get the value of 2nd argument use : $2
 to get count of command line arguments: $#
 to get all command line arguments: $@

Operations:
 to perform an operation / evaluate an expression
o use expr keyword
o Syntax:
 expr <expression>
 expr $n1 + $n2
 to get the answer/return value of expression
 value=$(expr $n1 + $n2)
 to use mathematical operators
o add: (+)
o multiplication: (\*)
o modulo: (%)
o subtract: (-)
o division: (/)
o exponent: (**)

Control Structures
 if condition
o syntax:
 if [ <condition> ]; then
 <body>
 fi
o syntax:
 if [ <condition> ]
 then
 <body>
 fi
 if..else block
o syntax:
 if [ <condition> ]; then
 <if block>
 else
 <else block>
 fi
 if..elif..else block
o syntax:
 if [ <condition> ]; then
 <if block>
 elif [ <condition> ]; then
 <else if block>
 else
 <else block>
 fi

Loops
 for loop
o syntax:
 for <temp var> in <array>
 do
 <block>
 done
o syntax 2:
 for <temp var> in <array>; do
 <block>
 done
o syntax 3:
 for <temp var> in $(seq <lower bound> <upper bound> ); do
 <block>
 done
 while loop
o syntax:
 while [ <condition> ]
 do
 <code>
 done
o syntax:
 while [ <condition> ]; do
 <code>
 done

function

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