Philo
Philo
Philo
Socrates
[SOK-ruh-teez]
(470-399 B.C.E.)
Man is a Soul
Beauty and goodness should be
determined by usefulness and fitness of
function, rather than by mere
appearance or personal feelings of
delight; for the appearance of the body
is less important than how it functions.
Man is a Soul
1. Vegetative
2. Animal
3. Rational
Three Fold Nature of Man
Socrates
(459-400 BCE)
The main feature of his philosophy is
his thought on ETHICAL WISDOM—
the recognition of the fundamental
importance of doing good as the basic
principle of human activity.
Socrates
(459-400 BCE) An unexamined life is a life that takes
the psyche for granted.
Learning is a form of
intellectual midwifery.
Aristotle
In the physical thing, these principle are
(384-322 BCE)
the form, which signifies the act, and the
matter, which signifies the potency or the
capacity of the matter to obtain another
act. This teaching is called the
hylomorphic doctrine.
A human being is composed of a
body and a soul.
1. N0N-LIVING – NO SOUL
2. PLANTS (Vegetative Soul) – refers to the capacity to reproduce,
develop, and grow
3. ANIMALS (Sensitive) – refers to the capacity of the operation of
senses, feelings, and movements
4. MAN (Rational Soul) – refers to the capacity to think, reason out,
contemplate and choose
With the three functions of life, man is different from other creatures.
The perfect man is the one using his intellect.
Since Aristotelian philosophy
speaks about the proper end of
things, his philosophy is
considered to be teleological.
POLIS
Eudaimonia implies being really alive
rather than just existing: fully aware,
vital, alert.
Plato
One of the first problems of the early (428-347 BCE)
Greek thinkers during Plato’s time was on
the unity and multiplicity of things.
The Allegory of the Fall
The Allegory of the Cave
PLATO’S IDEA ABOUT MAN
According to the theory of forms there are two worlds the
apparent world, which constantly changes and an unchanging and
unseen world of forms which may be caused of what is apparent.
Plato
ON LEARNING & EDUCATION
Plato
ON SOCIETY & POLITICS
1. Life is suffering;
2. Suffering involves a
chain of causes;
3. Suffering can cease;
4. There is a path that
leads to the cessation
of suffering.
6%
38%
Theravada
56%
Mahayana
Vajrayana (Tibetan)
The conscious
The dream state or
state or the state
the state of
of being awake
experiencing the
and experiencing
world without
life through the
being fully awake
five senses.
or deeply asleep.
Crescent and
dot
symbolizes
SHIVA, the
destroyer.
Symbolizes
BRAHMA, Symbolizes
the creator VISHNU, the
of the preserver and
universe. protector of
the universe.
• These incarnations of
Vishnu will happen again
towards the decline of this
present age.
• The incarnation will be in
the form of Kalki, who will
be arriving as a person
gloriously seated on a white
horse.
Hinduism