NASCAR

The National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing,

LLC (NASCAR) is an American auto racing sanctioning
National Association for Stock
and operating company that is best known for stock car Car Auto Racing, LLC
racing.[1] The privately owned company was founded by
Bill France Sr. in 1948,[2] and his son, Jim France, has
been the CEO since August 6, 2018.[3] The company is
headquartered in Daytona Beach, Florida.[4] Each year, Sport Auto racing
NASCAR sanctions over 1,500 races at over 100 tracks in Category Stock car racing
48 US states as well as in Canada, Mexico, and Europe. Sports car racing (IMSA)
Abbreviation NASCAR
Founded February 21, 1948
Contents Affiliation ACCUS-FIA
History Headquarters Daytona Beach, Florida,
Early stock car racing U.S. (main)
Significant people Charlotte, North Carolina,
William France Sr. U.S.
Erwin "Cannonball" Baker
President Steve Phelps
Bob "Barky" Barkhimer Peter Jung (Vice President,
Wendell Scott CMO)
Founding
Chairman Jim France
Sanctioned series
Chairperson Mike Helton (Vice Chairman)
National series
Cup Series CEO Jim France
Xfinity Series Other key Steve O'Donnell (CRDO)
Camping World Truck Series staff Jill Gregory (CMO)
ARCA Menards Series
Gary Crotty (CLO)
International series
Ed Bennett (CAO)
Pinty's Series
PEAK Mexico Series R. Todd Wilson (CFO)
Whelen Euro Series Official website
Regional racing series nascar.com (http://NASCAR.com)
Weekly Series
Whelen Modified Tour
ARCA Menards Series East and West
AutoZone Elite and other divisions
Online racing series
eNASCAR Coca-Cola iRacing Series
eNASCAR Heat Pro League
eNASCAR Ignite Series
 eNASCAR iRacing Pro Invitational Series
Driver safety
Criticism
Global expansion
NASCAR.com
Subsidiaries and 'sister' organizations
NASCAR Digital Media
International Speedway Corporation
ARCA
Grand-Am
IMSA
Education
NASCAR in culture
See also
Notes
References
External links

History

Early stock car racing

In the 1920s and 1930s, Daytona Beach supplanted France and Belgium as
the preferred location for world land speed records.[5][6] After a historic
race between Ransom Olds and Alexander Winton in 1903, 15 records
were set on what became the Daytona Beach Road Course between 1905
and 1935. Daytona Beach had become synonymous with fast cars in
1936.[7] Drivers raced on a 4.1-mile (6.6 km) course, consisting of a 1.5–
2.0-mile (2.4–3.2 km) stretch of beach as one straightaway, and a narrow
blacktop beachfront highway, State Road  A1A, as the other. The two
straights were connected by two tight, deeply rutted and sand covered turns
at each end.[8]

Stock car racing in the United States has its origins in bootlegging during
Prohibition,[9][10] when drivers ran bootleg whiskey made primarily in the
1985 photo of Junior
Appalachian region of the United States. Bootleggers needed to distribute
Johnson, 1950s NASCAR
their illicit products, and they typically used small, fast vehicles to better
driver who began as a
evade the police. Many of the drivers would modify their cars for speed
bootlegging driver from
and handling,[10] as well as increased cargo capacity.[11] Wilkes County, North
Carolina
The repeal of Prohibition in 1933 dried up some of their business, but by
then Southerners had developed a taste for moonshine, and a number of the
drivers continued "runnin' shine", this time evading the "revenuers" who were attempting to tax their
operations.[1] The cars continued to improve, and by the late 1940s, races featuring these cars were being
run for pride and profit. These races were popular entertainment in the rural Southern United States, and
they are most closely associated with the Wilkes County region of North Carolina. Most races in those days
were of modified cars. Street vehicles were lightened and reinforced.[12][13]

Significant people

William France Sr.

Mechanic William France Sr., moved to Daytona Beach, Florida, from Washington, D.C., in 1935 to
escape the Great Depression. He was familiar with the history of the area from the land speed record
attempts. France entered the 1936 Daytona event, finishing fifth. He took over running the course in 1938.
He promoted a few races before World War II.

France had the notion that people would enjoy watching stock cars race. Drivers were frequently
victimized by unscrupulous promoters who would leave events with all the money before drivers were
paid. On December 14, 1947, France began talks with other influential racers and promoters at the Ebony
Bar at the Streamline Hotel in Daytona Beach, Florida, that ended with the formation of NASCAR on
February 21, 1948.[14]

Erwin "Cannonball" Baker

The first Commissioner of NASCAR was Erwin "Cannonball" Baker. A former stock car, motorcycle, and
open-wheel racer who competed in the Indianapolis 500 and set over one hundred land speed records.
Baker earned most of his fame for his transcontinental speed runs and would prove a car's worth by driving
it from New York to Los Angeles. After his death, the famous transcontinental race the 'Cannonball Run'
and the film that was inspired by it were both named in his honor.
Baker is enshrined in the Automotive
Hall of Fame, the Motorcycle Hall of Fame, and the Indianapolis Motor Speedway Hall of Fame. This
level of honor and success in each diverse racing association earned Baker the title of "King of the
Road".[15]

Bob "Barky" Barkhimer

In the early 1950s, the United States Navy stationed Bill France Jr., at the Moffett Federal Airfield in
northern California. His father asked him to look up Bob Barkhimer in San Jose, California. Barkhimer
was a star of midget car racing from the World War II era, and later ran about 22 different speedways as the
head of the California Stock Car Racing Association. Young Bill developed a relationship with Bob
Barkhimer and his partner, Margo Burke. He went to events with them, stayed weekends with them and
generally became very familiar with racing on the west coast. "Barky", as he was called by his friends,
journeyed to Daytona Beach and met with Bill France Sr. In the spring of 1954, NASCAR became a stock
car sanctioning body on the Pacific Coast under Barky.

Wendell Scott

Wendell Scott was the first African-American to win a race in the Grand National Series, NASCAR's
highest level. He was posthumously inducted into the NASCAR Hall of Fame in Charlotte, North
Carolina, January 30, 2015.[16]

Founding
On March 8, 1936, a collection of drivers gathered at Daytona
Beach, Florida. The drivers brought coupes, hardtops, convertibles,
and sports cars to compete in an event to determine the fastest cars,
and best drivers. Throughout the race, the heavier cars got bogged Logo used from 1976 to 2016
down in the sand, while the lightweight Fords navigated the ruts of
the course, eventually claiming the top 6 finishes for the race. Of
the 27 cars that started the event, only 10 managed to survive the ordeal, as officials halted the event 10
miles (16  km) short of the scheduled 250-mile (400  km) distance. Driver Milt Marion was declared the
winner, and a young Bill France placed 5th at the end of the day.[17]

By early 1947, Bill France saw the potential for a unified series of racing competitors. France announced
the foundation of the "National Championship Stock Car Circuit", otherwise known as NCSCC.[18]
France approached the American Automobile Association, or AAA, in hopes of obtaining financial
backing for the venture. When the AAA declined support of the venture, France proceeded to announce a
set of rules and awards for the NCSCC. France declared that the winner of the 1947 NCSCC season would
receive $1000.00 and a trophy. The season would begin in January 1947 at the Daytona Beach track, and
conclude in Jacksonville the following December. Nearly 40 events were logged during the season, and
attendance often exceeded the venue's capacity. The competitors were paid as promised, and by the end of
the season, driver Fonty Flock was declared the season champion after winning 7 events of the 24 that he
entered. Bill France delivered the $1000 and 4-foot high trophy to Flock at the end of the season, along
with $3000 in prize money to other drivers who competed throughout the season.[19]

At the end of the 1947 season, Bill France announced that there
would be a series of meetings held at the Streamline Hotel in
Florida, beginning on December 14, 1947. At 1:00  pm, France
called to order the 35 men who represented the NCSCC on the top
floor of the hotel. The meeting was the first of four seminars in
which France would outline his vision of an organized group of
race car drivers.[20] The name originally chosen for the series was
National Stock Car Racing Association; when it was pointed out
that that name was already in use by a rival sanctioning body,
The Streamline Hotel in Daytona "National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing", proposed by
Beach, Florida, where NASCAR was mechanic Red Vogt, was selected as the organization's name.[21]
founded
NASCAR was founded by William France, Sr. on February 21,
1948 with the help of several other drivers of the time.[2] The
original plans for NASCAR included three distinct divisions: Modified, Roadster, and Strictly Stock. The
Modified and Roadster classes were seen as more attractive to fans. It turned out that NASCAR fans
wanted nothing to do with the roadsters, which fans perceived as a Northeast or Midwest series. The
roadster division was quickly abandoned, while the modified division now operates as the NASCAR
Whelen Modified Tour. The Strictly Stock division was put on hold as American automobile manufacturers
were unable to produce family sedans quickly enough to keep up with post-World War II demand.[22] The
1948 schedule featured 52 Modified dirt track races. The sanctioning body hosted its first event at Daytona
Beach on February 15, 1948. Red Byron beat Marshall Teague in the Modified division race. Byron won
the 1948 national championship. Things had changed dramatically by 1949, and the Strictly Stock division
was able to debut with a 20-mile (32 km) exhibition in February near Miami.

The first NASCAR "Strictly Stock" race ever was held at Charlotte Speedway, although this is not the
same track as the Charlotte Motor Speedway that is a fixture on current NASCAR schedule. The race was
held on June 19, 1949 and won by driver Jim Roper when Glenn Dunaway was disqualified after the
discovery of his altered rear springs. Initially, the cars were known as the "Strictly Stock Division" and
raced with virtually no modifications on the factory models. This division was renamed the "Grand
National" division beginning in the 1950 season. Over a period of more than a decade, modifications for
both safety and performance were allowed, and by the mid-1960s, the vehicles were purpose-built race cars
with a stock-appearing body.

Early in NASCAR's history, foreign manufacturers had shown

interest in entering the series; the British car manufacturer, MG,
found a few of its vehicles entered, with some placing. For
example, on August 16, 1963 in the International 200, Smokey
Cook drove an MG to a 17th-place finish.[23][24]

The first NASCAR competition held outside of the U.S. was in

Canada, where on July 1, 1952, Buddy Shuman won a 200-lap
race on a half-mile (800 m) dirt track in Stamford Park, Ontario, Richard Petty's 1970 426 C.I.
near Niagara Falls. Plymouth Superbird on display.

Sanctioned series

National series

Cup Series

The NASCAR Cup Series (NCS) is the sport's highest level of

professional competition. It is consequently the most popular and
most profitable NASCAR series. Since 2001, the Cup Series
season has consisted of 36 races over 10 months. Writers and fans
often use "Cup" to refer to the NCS and the ambiguous use of
"NASCAR" as a synonym for the series is common. The 2021
NCS Champion is Kyle Larson. The record for most
The start of the 2015 Daytona 500. championships is 7, held by three drivers: Richard Petty, Dale
Earnhardt, and Jimmie Johnson. Johnson has the record for most
consecutive with five consecutive Cup Series drivers'
championships from 2006 to 2010. Previously, the most consecutive championships had been three in a
row by Cale Yarborough in the late 1970s, the only other time when a driver has won three or more
NASCAR Cup Series championships in a row.

The Cup Series had its first title sponsor in 1972. R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, which had been
banned from television advertising, found a popular and demographically suitable consumer base in
NASCAR fans and engaged NASCAR as a promotional outlet. As a result of that sponsorship, the Grand
National Series became known as the Winston Cup Series starting in 1971,[25] with a new points system
and some significant cash benefits to compete for championship points. In 1972, the season was shortened
from 48 races (including two on dirt tracks) to 31.[25] 1972 is often acknowledged as the beginning of
NASCAR's "modern era". The next competitive level, called Late Model Sportsman, gained the "Grand
National" title passed down from the top division and soon found a sponsor in Busch Beer.

In 2004, Nextel Communications took over sponsorship of the premier series, and formally renamed it the
Nextel Cup Series. A new championship points system, the "Chase for the Nextel Cup," (renamed "Chase
for the Sprint Cup" in 2008) was also developed, which reset the point standings with ten races to go,
making only drivers in the top ten or within 400 points of the leader eligible to win the championship. In
2007, NASCAR announced it was expanding "The Chase" from ten to twelve drivers, eliminating the 400-
point cutoff, and giving a ten-point bonus to the top twelve drivers for each of the races they have won out
of the first 26. Wins throughout the season would also be awarded
five more points than in previous seasons. In 2008, the premier
series title name became the Sprint Cup Series, as part of the
merger between Nextel and Sprint.

In 2011, NASCAR announced a number of major rules changes,

the most significant being abandoning the points system. The
winner of a race now receives 43 points, with one-point decrements
for each subsequent position (42 for second, 41 for third, and so
Dale Earnhardt Jr. (bottom), and
on). The winner also receives 3 bonus points, and single bonus team in victory lane in 2004
points are awarded to all drivers who lead a lap, plus the driver
who leads the most laps. Another significant change involves the
qualifying process for the Chase. The number of qualifying drivers will remain at 12, but only the top 10
will qualify solely on regular-season points. The remaining two Chase drivers will be the two drivers in the
next 10 of the point standings (11th through 20th) with the most race wins in the regular season.

In 2014, NASCAR announced another revamp to the Chase format, expanding the Chase pool to 16
drivers, and eliminating four drivers after every three races, leaving four drivers to compete for the
championship at the season finale at Homestead. In addition, wins were given an increased emphasis, with
the 16 drivers with the most wins (15 if the points leader is winless; points leader will receive an automatic
berth) gaining a spot in the chase. If there are fewer than 16 winners, the remaining spots will be filled
based on the conventional points system.[26][27]

Monster Energy became the title sponsor in 2017, which changed the series' name to Monster Energy
NASCAR Cup Series.[28] With Monster Energy's title sponsorship, NASCAR also abandoned "The
Chase" name and now refers to the last 10 races simply as "the playoffs" similar to most other sports.

After the 2019 season, NASCAR declined an offer from Monster Energy to remain the title sponsor of the
top series.[29] On December 5, NASCAR revealed their new sponsorship model. Instead of a singular title
sponsor, four "premier partners" (Coca-Cola, Xfinity, Busch Beer and GEICO) would be closely affiliated
with the top series, which was simply renamed the NASCAR Cup Series.[30]

Xfinity Series

The NASCAR Xfinity Series is the second-highest level of

professional competition in NASCAR. The most recent series
champion is Daniel Hemric in 2021.

The modern incarnation of this series began in 1982, with

sponsorship by Anheuser-Busch Brewing's Budweiser brand. In
1984 it was renamed to the Busch Grand National Series, then later
The Busch (now Xfinity) Series field
just the Busch Series. The Anheuser-Busch sponsorship expired at
following the pace car at the O'Reilly
the end of 2007, being replaced by Nationwide Insurance from
300 at Texas Motor Speedway in
2008 to 2014, and the series is now sponsored by Comcast through 2007.
its Xfinity brand.[31]

The season usually has fewer races than the Cup Series, and the
prize money is significantly lower. However, over the last several years, a number of Cup Series drivers
have run both the Xfinity and Cup Series events each weekend, using the Xfinity race as a warm-up to the
Cup event at the same facility. Furthermore, several drivers not only participated in both Cup and
Busch/Nationwide/Xfinity events on the same weekend but also began to compete in both series on a full-
time basis. Kevin Harvick was the first Cup series driver to compete full-time in the Busch Series and win a
 title, actually doing so twice; in 2001, he did this for Richard
Childress Racing but only did so out of necessity as Dale
Earnhardt's death forced him into the Cup series ahead of RCR's
intended schedule for him. His win in 2006, where he raced three
separate cars for RCR and his own race team, was the first of five
consecutive titles in NBS/NNS that were won by Cup series
regulars.

The practice received criticism because it was thought to give the

The Nationwide (now Xfinity) Series
at Road America in 2011, using the
Cup Series teams an unfair advantage, and that the presence of the
Car of Tomorrow design. Cup Series drivers squeezes out Nationwide Series competitors
who would otherwise be able to qualify. These dual-series drivers
have been labeled "Buschwhackers", a play on words which
combines the original series sponsor's name with the notion of being bushwhacked. In May 2007, NNS
director Joe Balash confirmed that NASCAR was exploring options to deal with the Buschwhacker
controversy. One of the most often-cited proposals was for Cup Series drivers participating in the
Nationwide Series to receive no points for their participation in a Nationwide race. In 2007, NASCAR
chairman Brian France indicated that all options, except an outright ban of Cup competitors, were still
being considered.[32] On January 11, 2011, NASCAR.com reported that beginning with the 2011 season,
drivers would be allowed to compete for the championship in only one of NASCAR's three national series
in a given season, although they could continue to run in multiple series.[33] This change was officially
confirmed by France in a press conference less than two weeks later, and has remained in the NASCAR
rules ever since.[34]

Beginning in 2010, the Nationwide cars adapted somewhat to the current "Car of Tomorrow" (or COT)
design used by Cup cars, with different bodies from the Cup Series.

In 2016, the Chase format was extended to both the Xfinity and Truck Series. Instead of the four-round,
10-race format used in the Cup Series, the Chase in each of the two supporting series consists of three
rounds and seven races in all, with each preliminary round consisting of three races. The Xfinity Series
Chase involves 12 drivers instead of the 16 participating in the Cup Series Chase. Four drivers are
eliminated at the end of each preliminary round of the Chase in the Xfinity Series, which also mirrors the
Cup Series Chase. This means that four drivers are eligible for the series title entering the final race, as in
the Cup Series.[35] Similar to Cup, starting in 2017 "The Chase" moniker was dropped and the final seven
races are now referred to as the Xfinity Playoffs.

Even with restrictions limiting points earnings to one national series, Cup drivers were still running and
winning a vast majority of Xfinity series races through 2015. Starting with the 2015 season finale,
NASCAR began to add additional restrictions in regards to Cup drivers running Xfinity races. Starting in
2019, Cup drivers with more than 5 years of experience in the Cup series will be limited to 7 Xfinity races
per season. Further, Cup playoff qualifiers from the previous season are not allowed to compete in some
Xfinity races and there will be restrictions on owner point earning by Cup drivers.[36]

Camping World Truck Series

The NASCAR Camping World Truck Series features modified pickup trucks. It is one of the three national
divisions of NASCAR, together with the Xfinity and Cup Series. The most recent series champion is Ben
Rhodes (racing driver) in 2021

In 1994, NASCAR announced the formation of the NASCAR SuperTruck Series presented by Craftsman.
The first series race followed in 1995. In 1996, the series was renamed the NASCAR Craftsman Truck
Series to emphasize Craftsman's involvement. The series was first considered something of an oddity or a
"senior tour" for NASCAR drivers, but eventually grew in
popularity and has seen drivers move straight to the Cup Series
without running a full season in NASCAR Xfinity Series
competition. These include Kurt Busch and Carl Edwards (who
both ran for Roush Racing). In addition, veteran drivers who have
had only moderate success at the other two levels of the sport have
revitalized their careers in the truck series, including Ron Hornaday
Jr., Todd Bodine, Mike Skinner, and Johnny Benson.
The Truck Series at Martinsville
Beginning in 2009, the series became the Camping World Truck Speedway in 2018.
Series.[37] In 2019, per a branding request made by Camping
World, the series was rebranded as the NASCAR Gander Outdoors
Truck Series.[38]

As noted previously, the Chase format was extended to the Truck Series in 2016. The format is identical to
that used in the Xfinity Series, except that only eight drivers qualify for the Chase (instead of 12 in the
Xfinity Series) and only two drivers are eliminated at the end of each preliminary round (instead of four in
the Xfinity Series). As in both the Cup Series and Xfinity Series, four drivers are eligible for the series title
entering the final race.[35] Similar to Cup, starting in 2017 "The Chase" moniker was dropped and is now
simply referred to as the Truck Series Playoffs.

On May 8, 2018, NASCAR and Camping World announced the Truck Series title sponsor would be
moved to Camping World subsidiary Gander Outdoors starting in 2019. The contract through 2022 is
scheduled to continue as planned.[39] The series was renamed again in 2020 to the NASCAR Gander RV
& Outdoors Truck Series before returning to the Camping World Truck Series name in 2021.[40][41]

ARCA Menards Series

The ARCA Menards Series is a racing series that races at big touring series tracks and local racing series
tracks. It is primarily a Midwestern United States series. NASCAR acquired the series on April 27, 2018
after being privately owned for 60 years.

International series

Pinty's Series

The NASCAR Pinty's Series is a NASCAR racing series in

Canada that derives from the old CASCAR Super Series (founded
in 1981 and bought out by NASCAR in 2006). The new series has
races through six of Canada's provinces for a total of 13 events
with TV coverage on TSN. Many drivers are content running in
Canada while others move up to bigger NASCAR series including
J. R. Fitzpatrick and D. J. Kennington. The cars are a bit different
from the cars seen in America, being more akin to a late model,
NASCAR Pinty's Series cars at
though steel tube-framed silhouette bodies powered by V8 engines
Autodrome Chaudiere in 2015
is still the norm.

PEAK Mexico Series

In December 2006, NASCAR also announced the creation of a new series in Mexico, the NASCAR
Corona Series (now PEAK Mexico Series), replacing the existing Desafío Corona Series, to begin in
2007.[42]

In 2004, NASCAR also began to sanction a mini stock racing series in Mexico, known as the Mexico T4
Series.

Whelen Euro Series

In early 2012, NASCAR announced that it would sanction the existing European-based Racecar Euro
Series as a "NASCAR Touring Series".[43] On July 1, 2013, with partnership from NASCAR Whelen
Engineering, the series was renamed the NASCAR Whelen Euro Series.[44]

Regional racing series

In addition to the six main national series, NASCAR operates several other racing divisions under the
NASCAR Roots banner.[45][46]

Weekly Series

Many local race tracks across the United States and Canada run under the NASCAR Advance Auto Parts
Weekly Series banner, where local drivers are compared against each other in a formula where the best
local track champion of the nation wins the Whelen All-American Weekly Series National Championship.
The Whelen All-American series is split into four car divisions as well as state and track championships
separately. Each division champion receives a point-fund money payout and even more goes to the
National champion (driver with most points out of the four division winners). The Whelen All-American
Series is the base for stock car racing, developing NASCAR names such as Clint Bowyer, Jimmy Spencer,
Tony Stewart, the Bodine brothers, and many others along the way.[47]

Whelen Modified Tour

The Whelen Modified Tour races open-wheel "modified" cars in Northern and Southern divisions. This is
NASCAR's oldest division, and the modern division has been operating since 1985 as the Winston
Modified Series and later in 1994 as the Featherlite Trailers Modified Series.

ARCA Menards Series East and West

The ARCA Menards Series' feeder divisions, which consists of East and West divisions, race pro-stock
cars that are similar to older Nationwide Series cars, although they are less powerful. The east division was
originally divided into the Busch North series, which raced in Northeastern states, and the Busch East
Series, which raced throughout Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic states. The west division was originally
known as the Winston West Series and raced throughout Southwestern and Coastal Pacific states. In 2008,
the series came together in east and west divisions under sponsorship from Camping World as the Camping
World Series. K&N Filters took over the sponsorship in 2010. 2019 was the last season for both of the
series before they are to go under the ARCA banner in 2020 as part of the unification of the NASCAR
K&N Pro Series East and West and the ARCA Menards Series. The series became known as the ARCA
Menards Series East and ARCA Menards Series West starting in 2020, meaning 2019 was also K&N's
last year as the series title sponsor.
AutoZone Elite and other divisions

In the past, NASCAR also sanctioned the AutoZone Elite Division, which raced late-model cars that were
lighter and less powerful than Cup Series cars, and was originally split into four divisions: Northwest,
Southwest, Southeast, and Midwest. At the end of 2005, NASCAR announced that the AutoZone Elite
Division would be discontinued after the 2006 season due to having trouble securing NASCAR-sanctioned
tracks to successfully host AutoZone Elite Division events, plus escalating costs of competing and
downsizing of the Division in recent years. In 2003, NASCAR standardized rules for its AutoZone Elite
and Grand National divisions regional touring series as to permit cars in one series to race against cars in
another series in the same division. The top 15 (Grand National) or 10 (AutoZone Elite) in each series will
race in a one-race playoff, called the NASCAR Toyota All-Star Showdown, to determine the annual
AutoZone Elite and Grand National champions. This event has been hosted at Irwindale Speedway in
California since its inception.

Many drivers move up through the series before reaching the Cup Series. In 2002, over 9,000 drivers had
licenses from NASCAR to race at all levels.

The winners of the All-American Series National Championship, the K&N Pro Series East and West
championships, the two Whelen Modified and Grand National Divisions, and the three national series are
invited to Las Vegas in December to participate in Champions Week ceremonies.

Online racing series

eNASCAR Coca-Cola iRacing Series

In 2010, NASCAR officially sanctioned its first sim racing eSports series, partnering with iRacing to form
the NASCAR iRacing.com Series. This sim racing series is made of up of five "Amateur Series" divisions,
the NASCAR iRacing.com Pro Series, and the PEAK Antifreeze NASCAR iRacing Series (NPAiS), one
of iRacing's World Championship Series. Each year, the champion of the NASCAR iRacing.com World
Championship Series is invited to NASCAR's Championship Weekend at Homestead-Miami Speedway to
receive $10,500 prize money and NASCAR championship trophy at the track.

In 2018, iRacing announced a new, sanctioned qualifying ladder system for the NPAiS, the Road to Pro
Series, using virtual Chevrolet and Toyota Camping World Trucks. At the same time, the NASCAR
iRacing Pro Series would switch to using the Xfinity Series Camaro, Mustang and Camry models, in order
to replicate the progression to the real life Cup series cars used in the NPAiS.[48]

In 2020, Coca-Cola became the entitlement sponsor of the series and it was renamed the eNASCAR
Coca-Cola iRacing Series. With the sponsorship, the prize pool increased to $300,000. Additionally, six
races will be televised on NBCSN.[49]

eNASCAR Heat Pro League

A league was established in 2019 for the video game NASCAR Heat 4. Participants compete on Xbox One
or PlayStation 4 consoles. Gamers who qualify for the series will become affiliated with an official eNHPL
team.[50]

eNASCAR Ignite Series

The series was created as a developmental league by NASCAR and iRacing for aspiring gamers ages 13–
16. The simulator begins with US Legends cars before moving to Modified Tour cars.[51]

eNASCAR iRacing Pro Invitational Series

The Pro Invitational Series was established in 2020 after NASCAR's live racing circuits were forced to
suspend operations due to social distancing mandates imposed in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic in
the United States. It follows similar rules to the Coca-Cola series but uses professional NASCAR drivers. It
signed a deal with Fox to carry the virtual races from its inception, filling in the gaps in the schedule caused
by NASCAR and other sports leagues suspending operations.[52][53]

Driver safety
Although NASCAR frequently publicizes the safety measures it
mandates for drivers, these features have historically only been
adopted long after they were initially developed, and only in
response to an injury or fatality.[54] Fire-retardant driver suits were
required only years after the death of Fireball Roberts, who died
from complications of burns suffered in a crash when flames
engulfed his car during a Charlotte race.[55][56] Only after the
deaths of Adam Petty, Kenny Irwin and Tony Roper in 2000 and
Dale Earnhardt in 2001 did NASCAR revisit the idea of decreasing 2008 Dodge Charger "Car of
[57] Tomorrow", driven by Kurt Busch
the G-forces a driver sustained during a crash. Other examples
of available safety features that were slow to be implemented
include the "kill switch" throttle, which was mandated after the
death of Adam Petty, along with the requirements of an anti-spill bladder in fuel cells. The impact-
absorbing "SAFER Barrier" had been in use as early as 1998, but NASCAR hesitated to install those walls
out of concerns that they may bring about unintended consequences of aggravating the crashes, and
possibly because of the effort needed to clean up the debris from the damaged walls.[58] Dale Earnhardt
fatally suffered a fracture to the base of his skull after his car slammed into the concrete wall in the 2001
Daytona 500. Earnhardt's death prompted NASCAR to implement the SAFER barrier and consider drastic
improvements to the safety of the drivers. One of these would require all drivers to use the "HANS device"
(Head And Neck Support Device), a device that keeps the driver's neck from going forward in a wreck.
The mandate came about in October after Blaise Alexander, racing for the ARCA series, died in a crash
that resulted in the same injuries sustained as Earnhardt.[59] NASCAR redesigned the racing vehicle with
safety improvements, calling it the Car of Tomorrow, which debuted in 2007. The car had a higher roof,
wider cockpit, and the driver seat was located more toward the center of the vehicle.[54]

The death of Dale Earnhardt has been seen as a "wake-up" call for NASCAR.[60] NASCAR has been far
more aggressive with safety changes since Earnhardt's death,[54] and as of 2021, no NASCAR driver has
been involved in a fatal accident since.[57]

Criticism
NASCAR has been the target of criticism on various topics from various sources. Some critics note the
significant differences between today's NASCAR vehicles and true "stock" cars.[61] Others frequently cite
the dominance of the France family in NASCAR's business structure, policies, and decision making.
Recently, the increased number of Cup drivers competing consistently in the Xfinity Series races has been
hotly debated. Another general area of criticism, not only of NASCAR but other motorsports as well,
includes questions about fuel consumption,[62] emissions and pollution, and the use of lead additives in the
gasoline. Originally scheduled for 2008, NASCAR adopted the use of unleaded fuel in all three of its top
series in 2007.[63] In 2011, NASCAR switched to E15 "green" fuel (15% ethanol and 85% gasoline) for all
three touring series.[64]

As NASCAR has made moves to improve its national appeal, it has begun racing at new tracks, and ceased
racing at some traditional ones – a sore spot for the traditional fan base. Most recently, NASCAR has been
challenged on the types and frequency of caution flags, with some critics[65][66][67] suggesting the outcome
of races is being manipulated, and that the intention is not safety, as NASCAR claims, but closer racing.
There have been a few accidents involving fans during races and even some off the tracks, but no spectator
has ever been killed during a race in an accident relating to the race,[68][69][70] although a fan was killed by
a lightning strike in 2012 after the 2012 Pennsylvania 400 at Pocono was called short due to the storm.[71]
It was revealed in 2008 that a wrongful death lawsuit against NASCAR stemming from the crash of a
company plane was settled for $2.4 million.[72][73]

For years, NASCAR had been under criticism for allowing the Confederate flag to be flown during races.
Former chairman Brian France tried to ban the flying of Confederate flags at race tracks in 2015, which
caused anger among fans.[74] It had previously asked fans to voluntarily stop flying the flag after the 2015
Charleston church shooting, but this did not end the practice. Bubba Wallace, the only African-American
NASCAR top-circuit driver, drove the next race in a car with Black Lives Matter livery, and appeared in an
anti-racism video with a number of white drivers.[75] On June 10, 2020, in the wake of protests related to
the murder of George Floyd, NASCAR announced that the display of the Confederate flag will be
prohibited from all of its events and properties.[74]

Global expansion
In 2006, Toyota announced they would be joining NASCAR's ranks.[76] Toyota generated early success
winning several races off performances from Denny Hamlin and Kyle Busch.[77] Any increase in foreign
competition is expected to raise the price of putting a car on the track.[76]

Another topic on the NASCAR circuit is the increase in foreign born drivers and the effects they may have
on the future of NASCAR.[78] Juan Pablo Montoya, Patrick Carpentier, and Dario Franchitti are among
the foreign-born big names who have crossed over from Formula One and the Indy racing circuit.[79]
These drivers have made an impact on NASCAR not only by winning races and dominating road courses,
but by expanding NASCAR's point of view.[77]

NASCAR included a race at the Mexican road course Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez in the Nationwide
Series schedule from 2005 through 2008, as well as a race in Montreal, Canada at Circuit Gilles Villeneuve
from 2007 through 2012, with the Camping World Truck Series adding a date at Canadian Tire Motorsport
Park in 2013. There has been talk of possible expansion with exhibition races in Japan and a return to
Canada.[80]

Expanding into international markets could increase NASCAR's popularity and allow foreign sponsors and
manufacturers to get involved in the sport. Some think this could be a very positive move for NASCAR,
which has seen its television ratings drop 21 percent between 2005 and 2007.[81] During the same 2-year
period, NASCAR also saw the greatest drop in tickets prices observed in over a decade.[81] In 2010,
NASCAR saw television ratings drop 10% from the year before, which was down 33% off its peak in
2005.[82] Some think that an increase in international diversity would translate into growth and generate
greater opportunities for NASCAR fans.[79]
NASCAR.com
In October 2000, Turner Sports acquired the digital rights to NASCAR, and subsequently took over its
website, which features news, information, and interactive features (such as RaceView and RaceBuddy)
surrounding its series. While NASCAR had extended Turner's contract to operate the site through 2016, the
association announced in January 2012 that it would take operation of the site back in-house in 2013. As a
result, a new NASCAR.com was launched on January 3, 2013, which features a multimedia-oriented
design enhanced to provide a higher level of fan interaction, and provide an improved second screen
experience for viewers on mobile devices.[83][84]

On May 7, 2019, NASCAR announced a sports betting content partnership with The Action Network to
provide editorial content and analysis to NASCAR.com, including recommended picks and value bets.[85]
NASCAR said the partnership was intended to prepare for the spread of legal sports betting in the U.S.
following the 2018 U.S. Supreme Court ruling overturning the federal PASPA sports betting prohibition.
NASCAR previously struck an exclusive deal with sports data solutions provider Genius Sports to develop
an official NASCAR gaming offering for legal sportsbooks.[86]

Subsidiaries and 'sister' organizations

NASCAR Digital Media

NASCAR Digital Media is a television production company located in Charlotte, North Carolina, United
States. The company is a subsidiary of NASCAR and produces programs designed to promote the sport of
professional stock car racing. It also manages the NASCAR website, as well as some websites related to
the sport such as Racing-Reference and Jayski's Silly Season Site (as of 2019, after ESPN.com stopped
hosting the website).[87]

International Speedway Corporation

While originally not officially connected to NASCAR, International Speedway Corporation (ISC) was
founded by Bill France Sr. in 1953 to construct and manage tracks at which NASCAR holds competitions.
In May 2019, it was announced that NASCAR would purchase ISC and inherit 12 tracks.[88] On October
18, 2019, the acquisition of ISC by NASCAR was completed. This made the company a division within
NASCAR.[89]

ARCA

The Automobile Racing Club of America was purchased by NASCAR in 2018.[90]

Grand-Am

The Grand American Road Racing Association (Grand-Am) was a sanctioning body of sports car racing.
While it was founded independently of NASCAR by several members of the France family, NASCAR
took over Grand-Am, but allowed it to operate autonomously. The series merged with the American Le
Mans Series in 2014 as a part of NASCAR's purchase of IMSA.
IMSA

Education

NASCAR Technical Institute located in Mooresville, North Carolina, is the country's first technical training
school to combine a complete automotive technology program and a NASCAR-specific motor sports
program, and is the exclusive educational partner of NASCAR.

NASCAR Kinetics was established in 2009 with the mission of connecting college students nationwide to
NASCAR, and mentored its last round of students in 2013.

NASCAR in culture
Movies about NASCAR racing include Days of Thunder (1990), Herbie: Fully Loaded (2005), Talladega
Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby (2006), Ta Ra Rum Pum (2007), and Logan Lucky (2017).

NASCAR drivers have made appearances in many television series and TV movies, including The
Cleveland Show,[91] Sullivan & Son, and Last Man Standing.[92]

NASCAR partnered up with popular Roblox game Jailbreak, and the partnership was launched on
November 5.

See also
Closest NASCAR Sprint Cup Series finishes
Criticism of NASCAR
List of foreign-born NASCAR race winners
List of NASCAR champions
List of NASCAR drivers
List of NASCAR race tracks
List of NASCAR seasons
List of NASCAR series
List of NASCAR teams
NASCAR Angels
NASCAR dad
NASCAR Hall of Fame
NASCAR in Australia
NASCAR Rookie of the Year
NASCAR rules and regulations
NASCAR Video Games
NASCAR's 50 Greatest Drivers

Notes
The largest NASCAR tracks can accommodate upwards of 190,000 people in the stands
and infield, far larger than any non-motorsport venue in North America.
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