Industrialization is the period of social and

economic change that transforms a human

group into an industrial society from an
agrarian society, involving the extensive
manufacturing reorganization of an economy.
It is also a is the process by which an economy
is transformed from a primarily agricultural one
to one based on the manufacturing of goods.
Individual manual labor is often replaced by
mechanized mass production, and craftsmen
are replaced by assembly lines. Characteristics
of industrialization include economic growth,
the more efficient division of labor, and the use
of technological innovation to solve problems
as opposed to dependency on conditions
outside of human control. Industrialization
requires many key elements to grow on a
significant scale. They are land, labor, capital
technologies, and connections. People cannot
grow into an industrial society without a
generous supply of these essential elements
and the capacity to coordinate with them.

Urbanization is the shifting of population from

rural to urban areas, the corresponding
decrease in the proportion of people living in
rural areas, and the ways in which societies
adapt to this change. It is predominantly the
process by which towns and cities are formed
and become larger as more people begin living
and working in central areas. It also a process
during which the industrial structure becomes
increasingly oriented around secondary and
tertiary industries instead of primary industries.
In this sense, urbanization also involves
changes in the working population from
agricultural to nonrural industrial and service
occupations as well as changes in thinking
patterns, lifestyle, behavior models, values,
and culture. In material terms, urbanization
often involves the development of modern
urban infrastructure and public service facilities
that cater to these changing economic and
social circumstances. For this reason,
 urbanization is a complex and multifaceted
process involving population migration from
rural to urban areas, rural and urban land
conversions, spatial reconfiguration of
settlements, and changing governance and
management.

Effects of Industrialization
                                                                    Positive
Employment opportunities and wages increased across various sectors. Factories
began to be more appealing jobs, given the potential increase in income and benefits. It
also increased the demand for housing in cities, subsequently improving the overall city
layout, planning, and education systems. Due to increased education and the need for
more advanced technologies, new inventions skyrocketed. Such a mindset ultimately
continued to accelerate the revolution and all of its beneficiaries.
Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita began to grow with the industrial revolution,
alongside the development of the modern capitalist economy. It was the beginning of
consistent GDP growth for the next century. Countries that capitalized on
industrialization started to rely less on imports and became more self-sufficient.

                                  
Negative
The extremely rapid changes in production,
cities, and governments saw new problems
arise. Inner-city pollution saw an abrupt rise
from factories and increased population as
more workers moved to the cities. Living
conditions in some places plummeted; sewage
and waste flooded the streets and rivers.
Additionally, working conditions in factories
decreased as companies tried to cut costs and
become more profitable to stay ahead of their
competitors. Child labor and employee health
issues arose. The governments ended up
implementing labor, pollution, and other
regulations to ensure the safety of their people
and the economy.

 EffectsofUrbanization
                                
Positive
There are more employment opportunities and
modern industries need more people to
perform various jobs. Rural jobs such as
farming and mining may be labor-intensive
while urban employment opportunities such as
healthcare, business, and education need a
considerable amount of people with a variety of
skills to fill many jobs. Modernization: modern
technology provides for better city
infrastructure. With modernization, cities adapt
to cultural needs and provide support systems
for future development. Additionally,
modernization makes a more sustainable city
layout, with better housing/businesses, market
centers, and public transit systems.
Accessibility to the Internet, better healthcare,
education, recreational activities, social
services, and more all improve livability.
Additionally, modern cities have the potential to
better plan their city for sustainability and boost
their economy.

                                
Negative
Many people moving from rural areas, many
urbanized cities are starting to see an
overcrowding issue. Many urban cities have
seen population explosion that can be hard to
plan for. As a result, employment opportunities
dry up quicker than expected leading to
unemployment. Additionally, housing problems
arise with a very high population density and
lead to poor housing conditions. The housing
conditions are only exacerbated by
unemployment issues. Unemployment and
poor housing (or, the unattainability of
adequate housing) are creating an influx of
crime in urban cities as well. Water and
sanitation issues are surfacing because of
rapid population increases. With so many
people needing resources such as food, water,
fuel, and waste management, the population of
urbanized cities is suffering from a lower
quality of life due to environmental reasons
such as water scarcity, pollution, and
sanitation. Additionally, this is leading to the
spread of disease and poor health in heavily
populated areas.
Laws on Environment 
  Basic Law Salient Provisions Importance

1. REPUBLIC ECOLOGICAL SOLID The law aims to adopt a

ACT 9003 WASTE MANAGEMENT systematic, comprehensive,
ECOLOGICAL ACT OF 2000 and ecological solid waste
SOLID WASTE (REPUBLIC ACT 9003) management program that
MANAGEMENT Declares the policy of the shall ensure the protection of
ACT OF 2000 state in adopting a public health and the
systematic, comprehensive, environment. The law ensures
and ecological solid waste proper segregation, collection,
management program that storage, treatment, and
ensures the protection of disposal of solid waste
public health and the through the formulation and
environment and the proper adaptation of the best eco-
segregation, collection, waste products.
transport, storage, treatment,
and disposal of solid waste
through the formulation and
adoption of best
environmental practices.
Moreover, it illustrates the
potential and benefits of
recycling not only in
addressing waste
management problems but
also in alleviating poverty.
    2. REPUBLIC Philippine Clean Water Act The law aims to protect the
ACT 9275 of 2004 (Republic Act No. country's water bodies from
PHILIPPINE 9275). pollution from land-based
CLEAN WATER It provides for sources (industries and
ACT OF 2004 comprehensive water quality commercial establishments,
management and for other agriculture, and
purposes as well as it community/household
provides for the abatement activities). It provides for a
and control of pollution from comprehensive and integrated
land-based sources and lays strategy to prevent and
down water quality minimize pollution through a
standards and regulations multi-sectoral and
and it shall apply to water participatory approach
quality management in all involving all the stakeholders. 
water bodies: fresh, brackish
 and marine waters. It shall
be the policy of the State to
prevent, control, and abate
pollution of the country’s
water resources; promote
environmental strategies for
the protection of water
resources; formulate a
national program of water
quality management;
promote commercial and
industrial processes and
products that are
environmentally friendly and
energy-efficient; etc. Among
other things shall provide for:
the designation of water
quality management areas
by the Department, in
coordination with the
National Water Resources
Board; the designation of
water bodies where specific
pollutants from either natural
or man-made sources have
already exceeded water
quality guidelines as non-
attainment areas for the
exceeded pollutants; a
national program on
sewerage and septic
management; domestic
sewage collection,
treatment, and disposal;
water pollution permits and
charges; offenses and
penalties; etc.
   3. REPUBLIC Promote public information The law aims to achieve and
ACT 8749 and education to encourage maintain clean air that meets
PHILIPPINE the participation of an the National Air Quality
CLEAN AIR ACT informed and active public in guideline values for criteria
OF 1999 pollutants, throughout the
air quality planning and
Philippines, while minimizing
monitoring; and Formulate the possible associated
and enforce a system of impacts to the economy.
accountability for short and
long term adverse
environmental impact of a
project, program or activity
 as well as providing a
comprehensive air pollution
control policy, as it outlines
the government's measures to
reduce air pollution by
including environmental
protection activities in its
development. It establishes
federal standards for mobile
sources of air pollution and
their fuels and for sources of
187 hazardous air pollutants,
and it establishes a cap-and-
trade program for the
emissions that cause acid
rain. It establishes a
comprehensive permit
system for all major sources
of air pollution.

Laws on Natural Resources

  Basic Law Salient Provisions         Importance

1.  [AN ACT [AN ACT The law aims to regulate

INSTITUTING A INSTITUTING A mineral resource
NEW SYSTEM OF NEW SYSTEM OF development in the
MINERAL MINERAL country. One of the primary
RESOURCES RESOURCES objectives of this act is to
EXPLORATION, EXPLORATION, revitalize the ailing
DEVELOPMENT, DEVELOPMENT, Philippine mining industry
UTILIZATION, AND UTILIZATION, AND by providing fiscal reforms
CONSERVATION] CONSERVATION] and incentives and
(REPUBLIC ACT (REPUBLIC ACT maintaining the viable
NO. 7942) NO. 7942) inventory of minerals to
The provisions of the sustain the industry. It
law state that all governs the exploration,
mineral resources in development, processing,
public and private and utilization of mineral
lands within the resources in the
territory and exclusive Philippines.
economic zone of the
Republic of the
Philippines are
owned by the State. It
 shall be the
responsibility of the
State to promote their
rational exploration,
development,
utilization, and
conservation through
the combined efforts
of government and
the private sector in
order to enhance
national growth in a
way that effectively
safeguards the
environment and
protects the rights of
affected communities.
It contains social and
Environmental safety:
-Built-in protection for
the indigenous
peoples.
-Competitive fiscal
regime
-Equitable sharing of
the benefits of
mining. -
Environmental and
social provisions.

2.   Wildlife Wildlife Resources The law aims to regulate

Resources Conservation and the collection and trade of
Conservation Protection Act wildlife, especially
and Protection (Republic Act No. 9147) protecting threatened or
Act The provisions of the law exotic species under
(Republic Act provide for the conservation, domestic law pursuant to
No. 9147) preservation, and protection international conventions
of wildlife species and their as well as providing the
  habitats, in order to conservation and
preserve and encourage protection of wildlife
ecological balance and resources and their
biological diversity; it habitats, appropriating
provides, furthermore, for funds therefore and for
the control and supervision other purposes.
of wildlife capture, hunting, Moreover, it initiates or
and trade; finally, it provides supports scientific studies
for supporting and promote on the conservation of
scientific research on the biological diversity.
protection of biodiversity.
 The provisions of this act
shall apply to all wildlife
species overall, including
those living in the protected
areas.
3.   3. Animal Animal Welfare Act of The law aims to protect
Welfare Act of 1998 (Republic Act No. and promote the welfare
1998 (Republic 8485) of all animals in the
Act No. 8485) The provisions of the law Philippines by supervising
protect and regulating the
and promote the welfare of establishment and
all animals in the Philippines operations of all facilities
and provide penalties for utilized for breeding,
violation of maintaining, keeping,
any provisions of said law. It treating, or training of all
pertains to the physical and animals either as objects
psychological well-being of of trade or as household
animals. It includes, but not pets. 
limited to, the avoidance of
abuse, maltreatment,
cruelty, and exploitation of
animals by humans by
maintaining appropriate
standards of
accommodation, feeding
and general care, the
prevention, and treatment of
disease, and the assurance
of freedom from fear,
distress, harassment, and
unnecessary discomfort and
pain, and allowing animals
to express normal behavior."
Laws on Environment 
  Basic Salient Importan
Law Provisions ce
1. REPUBLIC (REPUBLIC ACT The law aims to
ACT 9003 9003) adopt a systematic,
ECOLOGICAL ECOLOGICAL comprehensive,
SOLID SOLID WASTE and ecological solid
WASTE MANAGEMENT ACT waste management
MANAGEMEN OF 2000 program that shall
T ACT OF SECTION 2.   ensure the
2000 Declaration of protection of public
Policies. — It is health and the
hereby declared the environment. The
policy of the State to law ensures proper
adopt a systematic, segregation,
comprehensive, and collection, storage,
ecological solid waste treatment, and
management disposal of solid
program which shall: waste through the
formulation and
(a) Ensure the adaptation of the
protection of public best eco-waste
health and products.
environment;

(b) Utilize
environmentally
sound methods that
maximize the
utilization of valuable
resources and
encourage resource
conservation and
recovery;
(c) Set guidelines and
targets for solid waste
avoidance and
volume reduction
through source
reduction and waste
minimization
measures, including
composting,
recycling, re-use,
recovery, green
charcoal process,
and others, before
collection, treatment,
and disposal of
inappropriate and
environmentally
sound solid waste
management facilities
in accordance with
ecologically
sustainable
development
principles;

(d) Ensure the proper

segregation,
collection, transport,
storage, treatment,
and disposal of solid
waste through the
formulation and
adoption of the best
environmental
practice in ecological
waste management
excluding
incineration;

Penal Provisions
SECTION 49.        
Fines and Penalties.
—

(a) Any person who

violates Sec. 48,
paragraph (1) shall,
upon conviction, be
punished with a fine
of not less than Three
hundred pesos
(P300.00) but not
more than One
thousand pesos
(P1,000.00) or render
community service for
not less than one (1)
day to not more than
fifteen (15) days to an
LGU where such
prohibited acts are
committed, or both;

(b) Any person who

violates Sec. 48,
pars. (2) and (3),
shall, upon
conviction, be
punished with a fine
of not less than Three
hundred pesos
(P300.00) but not
more than One
thousand pesos
(P1,000.00) or
imprisonment of not
less than one (1) day
to not more than
fifteen (15) days, or
both;

(c) Any person who

violates Sec. 48,
pars. (4), (5), (6), and
(7) shall, upon
conviction, be
punished with a fine
of not less than One
thousand pesos
(P1,000.00) but not
more than Three
thousand pesos
(P3,000.00) or
imprisonment of not
less than fifteen (15)
days but not more
than six (6) months,
or both;

Explains the
government's policy
of adopting a
systematic,
comprehensive, and
ecological solid waste
management
program that ensures
the protection of
public health and the
environment, as well
as the appropriate
separation, collection,
transport, storage,
treatment, and
disposal of waste.
and adopting best
environmental
practices. In addition,
it illustrates the
potential and benefits
of recycling not only
to solve waste
management
problems but also to
alleviate poverty. It
also explains the
penal provisions to
those who violate the
law and subject upon
punishment and
convict to fine
according to its
action.
    2. REPUBLIC (Republic Act No. The law aims to
ACT 9275 9275) protect the
PHILIPPINE Philippine Clean country's water
CLEAN Water Act of 2004. bodies from
WATER ACT SEC. 2. Declaration pollution from land-
OF 2004 of Policy. — The based sources
State shall pursue a (industries and
policy of economic commercial
growth in a manner establishments,
consistent with the agriculture, and
protection, community/househ
preservation, and old activities). It
revival of the quality provides for a
of our fresh, brackish comprehensive and
and marine waters. integrated strategy
To achieve this end, to prevent and
the framework for minimize pollution
sustainable through a multi-
development shall be sectoral and
pursued. As such, it participatory
shall be the policy of approach involving
the State: all the
stakeholders. 
a) To streamline
processes and
procedures in the
prevention, control,
and abatement of
pollution of the
country’s water
resources;

b) To promote
environmental
strategies, use of
appropriate economic
instruments, and of
control mechanisms
for the protection of
water resources;

c) To formulate a
holistic national
program of water
quality management
that recognizes that
water quality
management issues
cannot be separated
from concerns about
water sources and
ecological protection,
water supply, public
health, and quality of
life;

Penal Provisions
SEC. 28. Fines,
Damages, and
Penalties. — 

Unless otherwise
provided herein, any
person who commits
any of the prohibited
acts provided in the
immediately
preceding section or
violates any of the
provision of this Act
or its implementing
rules and regulations,
shall be fined by the
Secretary, upon the
recommendation of
the PAB in the
amount of not less
than Ten thousand
pesos (₱10,000.00)
nor more than Two
hundred thousand
pesos (₱200,000.00)
for every day of
violation. The fines
herein prescribed
shall be increased by
ten percent (10%)
every two (2) years to
compensate for
inflation and to
maintain the deterrent
function of such fines:
Provided, That the
Secretary, upon
recommendation of
the PAB may order
the closure,
suspension of
development or
construction, or
cessation of
operations or, where
appropriate
disconnection of
water supply, until
such time that proper
environmental
safeguards are put in
place and/or
compliance with this
Act or its rules and
regulations are
undertaken. This
paragraph shall be
without prejudice to
the issuance of an ex
parte order for such
closure, suspension
of development or
construction, or
cessation of
operations during the
pendency of the
case.

Failure to undertake
clean-up operations,
willfully, or through
gross negligence,
shall be punished by
imprisonment of not
less than two (2)
years and not more
than four (4) years
and a fine, not less
than Fifty thousand
pesos (₱50,000.00)
and not more than
One hundred
thousand pesos
(₱100,000.00) per
day for each day of
violation. Such failure
or refusal which
results in serious
injury or loss of life
and/or irreversible
water contamination
of the surface,
ground, coastal and
marine water shall be
punished with
imprisonment of not
less than six (6) years
and one (1) day and
not more than twelve
(12) years, and a fine
of Five hundred
thousand pesos
(₱500,000.00) per
day for each day
during which the
omission and/or
contamination
continues.

Provides
comprehensive
management of water
quality and other
uses, as well as the
reduction and control
of pollution from land-
based sources, and
sets water quality
standards and
regulations, and
applies to the
management of water
quality in all bodies of
water: Fresh,
Brackish. and
seawater. It will be
the policy of the state
to prevent, control
and reduce
contamination of the
country's water
resources; Promoting
environmental
strategies to protect
water resources;
formulate a national
water quality
management
program; Promoting
environmentally
friendly and energy
efficient commercial
and industrial
 processes and
products; Among
other things, the
following is stipulated:
the designation of
water quality
management areas
by the ministry in
coordination with the
National Board of
Water Resources; the
designation of waters
in which certain
pollutants from
natural or man-made
sources have already
exceeded the water
quality guidelines as
non-compliance
areas for pollutant
exceedance; a
national sewer and
septic tank
management
program; Collection,
treatment and
disposal of domestic
wastewater; Permits
and charges for water
pollution; offenses
and penalties; etc.
   3. REPUBLIC (REPUBLIC ACT The law aims to
ACT 8749 8749) PHILIPPINE achieve and
PHILIPPINE CLEAN AIR ACT OF maintain clean air
CLEAN AIR 1999 that meets the
ACT OF 1999 Section 3. National Air Quality
Declaration of guideline values for
Policies. - The State criteria pollutants,
shall pursue a policy throughout the
of Philippines, while
balancing minimizing the
development and possible associated
environmental impacts to the
protection. To economy.
achieve this end, the
framework for
sustainable
development shall be
pursued. It shall be
the policy of the State
to:
a) Formulate a
holistic national
program of air
pollution
management that
shall be
implemented by the
government through
proper delegation and
effective
coordination of
functions and
activities;
b) Encourage
cooperation and self-
regulation among
citizens and
industries though
the application of
market-based
instruments;
c) Focus primarily on
pollution prevention
rather than on control
and provide for a
comprehensive
management
program for air
pollution;

Penal Provisions
Section 45. Violation
of Standards for
Stationary Sources. -
For actual
exceedance of any
pollution or air quality
standards under this
Act or its rules and
regulations, the
Department, through
the Pollution
Adjudication Board
(PAB), shall impose a
fine of not more than
One hundred
thousand pesos
(Php100,000.00) for
every day of
violation against the
owner or operator of
a stationary source
until such time that
the
standards have been
complied with.

Section 46. Violation

of Standards for
Motor Vehicles. - No
motor vehicle
shall be registered
with the DOTC unless
it meets the emission
standards set by the
Department as
provided in Section
21 hereof.

a) First offense - a
fine not to exceed
Two thousand pesos
(Php2,000.00);
b) Second offense - a
fine not less than Two
thousand pesos
(Php2,000.0)
and not to exceed
Four thousand pesos
(Php4,000.00); and

c) Third offense - one

(1) year suspension
of the Motor Vehicle
Registration
(MVR) and a fine of
not less than Four
thousand pesos
(Php4,000.00) and
not more than Six
thousand pesos
(Php6,000.00).

Section 47. Fines and

Penalties for
Violations of Other
Provisions in the Act.
- For violations of all
other provisions
provided in this Act
and of the rules and
regulations
thereof, a fine of not
less than Ten
thousand pesos
(Php10,000.00) but
not more than One
hundred thousand
pesos
(Php100,000.00) or
six (6) months to six
(6) years
imprisonment or
both shall be
imposed. If the
offender is a juridical
person, the president,
manager,
directors, trustees,
the pollution control
officer, or the officials
directly in charge of
the
operations shall
suffer the penalty
herein provided

Promoting public
information and
education to
encourage the
participation of an
informed and active
public in air quality
planning and
monitoring; 
Formulating and
enforcing a liability
system for the short-
and long-term
negative
environmental
impacts of a project,
program, or activity,
as well as providing a
comprehensive air
pollution control
policy, as it describes
 government
measures to reduce
air pollution through
the inclusion of
environmental
protection activities in
sets federal
standards for mobile
air pollution sources
and their fuels as well
as for the sources of
187 dangerous air
pollutants and
establishes a
capacity exchange
program for
emissions that cause
acid rain and air
pollution. There are
penal sanctions
against violators as
well as the law
explains the criminal
law provisions for
those who break the
law and are punished
and fined according
to performance.

Laws on Natural Resources

  Basic Law Salient Provisions         Importance

1.  (REPUBLIC ACT (REPUBLIC ACT The law aims to regulate

NO. 7942) NO. 7942) mineral resource
AN ACT AN ACT development in the country.
INSTITUTING A INSTITUTING A One of the primary
NEW SYSTEM OF NEW SYSTEM OF objectives of this act is to
MINERAL MINERAL revitalize the ailing
RESOURCES RESOURCES Philippine mining industry
EXPLORATION, EXPLORATION, by providing fiscal reforms
DEVELOPMENT, DEVELOPMENT, and incentives and
UTILIZATION, UTILIZATION, AND maintaining the viable
AND CONSERVATION inventory of minerals to
CONSERVATION sustain the industry. It
Section 2 governs the exploration,
Declaration of Policy development, processing,
 and utilization of mineral
All mineral resources resources in the
in public and private Philippines.
lands within the
territory and
exclusive economic
zone of the Republic
of the Philippines are
owned by the State. It
shall be the
responsibility of the
State to promote their
rational exploration,
development,
utilization, and
conservation through
the combined efforts
of government and
the private sector in
order to enhance
national growth in a
way that effectively
safeguards the
environment and
protects the rights of
the affected
communities.

Penal Provisions
Section 101
False Statements
Any person who
knowingly presents
any false application,
declaration, or
evidence to the
Government or
publishes or causes
to be published any
prospectus or other
information
containing any false
statement relating to
mines, mining
operations or mineral
agreements, financial
or technical
assistance
agreements, and
permits shall, upon
conviction, be
penalized by a fine of
not exceeding Ten
thousand pesos
(P10,000.00).

Section 102
Illegal Exploration
Any person
undertaking
exploration work
without the necessary
exploration permit
shall, upon
conviction, be
penalized by a fine of
not exceeding Fifty
thousand pesos
(P50,000.00).

Section 103
Theft of Minerals
Any person extracting
minerals and
disposing the same
without a mining
agreement, lease,
permit, license, or
steals minerals or
ores or the products
thereof from mines or
mills or processing
plants shall, upon
conviction, be
imprisoned from six
(6) months to six (6)
years or pay a fine
from Ten thousand
pesos (P10,000.00)
to Twenty thousand
pesos (P20,000.00)
or both, at the
discretion of the
appropriate court. In
addition, he shall be
liable to pay
damages and
compensation for the
minerals removed,
extracted, and
disposed of. In the
case of associations,
partnerships, or
corporations, the
president and each of
the directors thereof
shall be responsible
for the acts
committed by such
association,
corporation, or
partnership.

The provisions of the

law state that all
mineral resources in
public and private
lands within the
territory and
exclusive economic
zone of the Republic
of the Philippines are
owned by the State. It
shall be the
responsibility of the
State to promote their
rational exploration,
development,
utilization, and
conservation through
the combined efforts
of government and
the private sector in
order to enhance
national growth in a
way that effectively
safeguards the
environment and
protects the rights of
affected
communities. It
contains social and
Environmental safety:
-Built-in protection for
the indigenous
peoples.
-Competitive fiscal
regime
-Equitable sharing of
the benefits of
 mining. -
Environmental and
social provisions.
There are criminal
sanctions against
offenders and the law
explains the
provisions of the
criminal code for
those who break the
law and are punished
and fined according
to their activity.
 
2.   (Republic Act (Republic Act No. 9147) The law aims to regulate
No. 9147) Wildlife Resources the collection and trade of
Wildlife Conservation and wildlife, especially
Resources Protection Act protecting threatened or
Conservation The provisions of the law exotic species under
and Protection provide for the conservation, domestic law pursuant to
Act preservation, and protection international conventions
of wildlife species and their as well as providing the
  habitats, in order to conservation and
preserve and encourage protection of wildlife
ecological balance and resources and their
biological diversity; it habitats, appropriating
provides, furthermore, for funds therefore and for
the control and supervision other purposes.
of wildlife capture, hunting, Moreover, it initiates or
and trade; finally, it provides supports scientific studies
for supporting and promote on the conservation of
scientific research on the biological diversity.
protection of biodiversity.
The provisions of this act
shall apply to all wildlife
species overall, including
those living in the protected
areas.
3.   3. (Republic (Republic Act No. 8485) The law aims to protect
Act No. 8485) Animal Welfare Act of and promote the welfare
Animal 1998 of all animals in the
Welfare Act of The provisions of the law Philippines by supervising
1998  protect and regulating the
and promote the welfare of establishment and
all animals in the Philippines operations of all facilities
and provide penalties for utilized for breeding,
violation of maintaining, keeping,
any provisions of said law. It treating, or training of all
pertains to the physical and animals either as objects
psychological well-being of of trade or as household
animals. It includes, but not pets. 
limited to, the avoidance of
abuse, maltreatment,
cruelty, and exploitation of
animals by humans by
maintaining appropriate
standards of
accommodation, feeding
and general care, the
prevention, and treatment of
disease, and the assurance
of freedom from fear,
distress, harassment, and
unnecessary discomfort and
pain, and allowing animals
to express normal behavior."