SOCIOLINGUISTICS

“Language Change”
Lecturer : Dr. Rugaiyah, M.Pd

Group 5

Dearamania (196310673)

Fadila (196310019)

Fara Azzahra Aulia (196310887)

Kevin Destri Ananda (196310403)

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITAS ISLAM RIAU

2021
 PREFERANCE
First of all, thanks to Allah SWT because of the help of Allah, writer finished writing the
paper entitled “Language Change” right in the calculated time. The purpose in writing this paper
is to fulfill the assignment that given by Dr. Rugaiyah, M.Pd as lecturer in sociolinguistics major.

In arranging this paper, the authors truly get lots challenges and obstructions but with
help of many people, those obstructions could pass. Authors also realized there are still many
mistakes in process of writing this paper. Because of that, the writer says thank you to all
individuals who helps in the process of writing this paper. Hopefully Allah replies all helps and
blessed you all. Authors realized this paper still imperfect in arrangement and the content.

Then authors hope the criticism from the readers can help the writer in perfecting the next
paper. Last but not the least hopefully this paper can help the readers to gain more knowledge
about sociolinguistic major.

Tuesday, October 19, 2021

Group 5

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 TABLE OF CONTENT

Contents
PREFERANCE............................................................................................................................................ii
TABLE OF CONTENT..............................................................................................................................iii
CHAPTER I................................................................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................................1
A. BACKGROUND.............................................................................................................................1
B. PROBLEM OF STUDY..................................................................................................................1
C. PURPOSE OF STUDY...................................................................................................................1
CHAPTER II...............................................................................................................................................2
DISCUSSION.............................................................................................................................................2
A. DEFINITION OF LANGUAGE CHANGE....................................................................................2
B. CAUSES OF LANGUAGE CHANGE...........................................................................................2
C. SPREADS OF LANGUAGE CHANGE.........................................................................................3
D. TYPES OF LANGUAGE CHANGE...............................................................................................3
CHAPTER III..............................................................................................................................................5
CONCLUSION...........................................................................................................................................5
BIBLIOGRAPHY.......................................................................................................................................6

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 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. BACKGROUND
Language can change and develop by itself slowly. Language can change and
development because of adaptation of development and pattern change and system of society
life, such as level of education, social, culture and technology mastery. Language change and
development can occur internally and externally. In this article the changes internally and
language development will be reviewed by looking through the study of historical change
and development language based on the history of its development.
While changes in external and development will be explored through the study of
Sociolinguistics by examining and looking at changes and developments that language is
influenced by socio-cultural factors that occur in society. Changes internally initially
occurred in the behavior of speakers in their everyday lives to adjust to each other, and
followed by a tendency to innovate in groups of people who are already familiar, then
followed by other changes in sequence, which ultimately makes a language different each
other, although originally derived from a single language family.
Changes in the external language change and language development is caused by the
contact of a language with other languages, where humans as social being who have been
cultured either interconnected or inter-ethnic nations in the world in a country.

B. PROBLEM OF STUDY
1. What is definition of language change?
2. What are the causes in language change?
3. How language change spreads?
4. What are the types of language change?

C. PURPOSE OF STUDY
1. To know definition of language change.
2. To know causes in language change.
3. To know the spreads of language change.
4. To know the types of language change.

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 CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

A. DEFINITION OF LANGUAGE CHANGE

In our family there is a different word which is usually use by our grandparents or parents
at home. Like in minang there is word “angku” referring to uncle. Grandparents are often
uses this word. Meanwhile, we usually call uncle in minang language is “pak etek”. We
consider it is strange because that we never heard that word, so do our grandparents.
From narration above, we can conclude language change is the phenomenon by which
permanent alterations are made in the features and the use of a language over time. All
natural languages change, and language change affects all areas of language use. Types of
language change include sound changes, lexical changes, semantic changes, and syntactic
changes. Branch linguistics of language change is historical linguistics (diachronic
linguistics).

B. CAUSES OF LANGUAGE CHANGE

Supriyadi (2020) states causes of language change are social status, gender and
interactions.

1. Social Status
A social group usually giving an impact in language change. Usually, group
member with high social status tend to introduce the change becomes community
speaking style that have higher status and prestige in society. Even though, the lower
class has big impact in language change to express solidarity. For example, a man
adopted local workers speaking style to shows his solidarity, not prestige or status.

2. Gender
The differences speaking style between man and woman can be one of reason in
language change. Usually, woman brings the change related to prestige and norm
vernacular and man often introduce the vernacular. Vernacular is origin language of a
region and became their daily language. Example, a family uses Malay as their daily
language because their householder (husband) is Malay. The wife usually changes the
language teach their kids to speak Malay politely to parents and make language.

3. Interaction

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 Interaction and contact between people is very important in relationships for
language change, it means interaction has explicitly influenced progress in language by a
number of communities. In general, language change is gradual process because a
community has a relationship with the outside world. Usually, Forms of language change
influenced by media. For example, we often saw children nowadays using bad words
which are they assume that is common word because of influenced of Youtube.
Meanwhile in our era, if someone saying bad word they will ostracized for being
disrespectful.

C. SPREADS OF LANGUAGE CHANGE

1. Group to Group
Language change can spread across dimensions and to other groups through
people who have more than one group contact. In society, there are many social
communities such as age, status, gender and region affect the rate of change and the
direction in which the wave flow the fastest.

2. Language Style to Another Language Style

One theory about presenting how the process of change spreads is a very
systematic one. In speaking of a certain person, will show the spread of change from one
style to another (e.g. speaking formally while speaking in more relaxed situations), at the
same time, it spreads from person to person in one social group, then to another social
group.

3. Lexical Diffuse
Language change spreads from a word to another word. Voice changes usually
spread through different words one by one which is called lexical diffusion. Of course,
changes often don't spread to all words, only to those who might be affected.

D. TYPES OF LANGUAGE CHANGE

Language change may be broadly divided into two categories, external change and
internal change. External change is mainly caused by the adoption of borrowing whereas
internal change is caused by the addition and loss of sounds and lexical items, coinages of
new words and extensions. Level wise study of the language change may be made in terms
of:
 Sound change.
 Grammatical & lexical change.
 Semantic change.

1. Sound Change

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 There are various theories that justify the cause of sound change. The first is that
sound change brought the first is that sound change to social and historical reasons and
discover a link between political change are substratum theory, ease theory and imitation
theory.

2. Grammatical Change
Grammatical change is the change in grammar and vocabulary. By grammatical
change, the members of a grammatical set are increased or reduce in number, and the
means involved in marking grammatical categories are extended. Since such changes are
carried out in accordance with patterns which already exist in the language, they are
referred to as analogical and the process itself called analogy. Analogy is a process by
which morphs, combination of morphs or linguistic patterns are modified, or new
ones created in accordance with those present in a language.

3. Lexical Change
Indeed, there is no distinct dividing line between grammatical change and lexical
change. Many a time the two intersect. The vocabulary of a language is more strictly
called the ‘lexis’ of a language, and it is lexical items which are examined.

4. Semantic Change
Diachronic semantics studies semantic change, whereas synchronic semantics
accounts for semantics relationship, simple or multiple. Semantic change is caused by
linguistic, historical, environmental, psychological causes. It is caused by foreign
influences and the need for new name.

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 CHAPTER III

CONCLUSION

Conclusion

Language change is the phenomenon by which permanent alterations are made in the
features and the use of a language over time. There are 3 causes of language change it is social
status, gender, and interaction. Types of language change are sound change, grammatical change,
lexical change, and semantic change.

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY
https://id.scribd.com/document/297506139/Types-of-Language-Change

Supriyadi, Agus. Perubahan, Pergeseran dan Pemertahanan Bahasa. Cakrawala Bahasa. 38-40.

http://www.pustaka.ut.ac.id/lib/wp-content/uploads/pdfmk/MPBI5302-M1.pdf