Department of Defense Standard Practice: Not Measurement Sensitive
Department of Defense Standard Practice: Not Measurement Sensitive
Department of Defense Standard Practice: Not Measurement Sensitive
SENSITIVE
MIL-STD-1548G
31 July 2009
SUPERSEDING
MIL-STD-1548F
19 August 2005
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
STANDARD PRACTICE
FORWARD
1. This standard is approved for use by all Departments and Agencies of the Department of Defense
(DOD).
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MIL-STD-1548G
CONTENTS
PARAGRAPH PAGE
FOREWARD ................................................................................................................................ ii
1 SCOPE ........................................................................................................................................ 1
1.1 Scope ........................................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Classification ................................................................................................................................ 1
2 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS....................................................................................................... 1
2.1 General ........................................................................................................................................ 1
2.2 Government documents .............................................................................................................. 1
2.2.1 Specifications, standards, and handbooks .................................................................................. 1
2.3 Non-Government publications ..................................................................................................... 1
2.4 Order of precedence .................................................................................................................... 3
3 DEFINITIONS .............................................................................................................................. 3
3.1 Definitions applicable to this standard ......................................................................................... 3
3.2 Full flow monitor cartridges .......................................................................................................... 3
4 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS...................................................................................................... 3
4.1 Type I and Type II ........................................................................................................................ 3
4.1.1 Defueled product.......................................................................................................................... 3
4.1.1.1 Defueled JP-8+100 product ......................................................................................................... 3
4.1.2 Safety ........................................................................................................................................... 3
6 NOTES......................................................................................................................................... 6
6.1 Intended use ................................................................................................................................ 6
6.2 Acquisition requirements ............................................................................................................. 6
6.3 Publications.................................................................................................................................. 6
6.4 Subject term (key word) listing..................................................................................................... 6
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MIL-STD-1548G
CONTENTS
PARAGRAPH PAGE
TABLE
I Defueled product quality criteria .................................................................................................. 3
II Laboratories within the continental United States ....................................................................... 7
III Laboratories outside the continental United States ..................................................................... 8
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MIL-STD-1548G
1. SCOPE
1.1 Scope. This standard establishes two types of standard practices for into-plane servicing
of fuels at commercial airports.
1.2 Classification. Classification of into-plane servicing is as follows:
2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS
2.1 General. The documents listed in this section are specified in sections 3, 4, or 5 of this
standard. This section does not include documents cited in other sections of this standard or
recommended for additional information or as examples. While every effort has been made to ensure
the completeness of this list, document users are cautioned that they must meet all specified
requirements of documents cited in sections 3, 4, or 5 of this standard, whether or not they are listed.
2.2 Government documents.
2.2.1 Specifications, standards, and handbooks. The following specifications, standards and
handbooks form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the
issues of these documents are those cited in the solicitation or contract.
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MIL-STD-1548G
(Copies of these documents are available online at http://www.api.org or from the American Petroleum
Institute, 1220 L Street, Northwest Washington DC, 20005-4070.)
ASTM INTERNATIONAL
ASTM D56 Standard Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup
Tester (DoD Adopted)
ASTM D93 Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
Closed Cup Tester (DoD Adopted)
ASTM D1298 Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific
Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid
Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method (DoD Adopted)
ASTM D1655 Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels (DoD
Adopted)
ASTM D2276 Standard Test Method for Particulate Contaminant in Aviation
Fuel by Line Sampling
ASTM D2624 Standard Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity of Aviation
and Distillate Fuels (DoD Adopted)
ASTM D3241 Standard Test Method for Thermal Oxidation Stability of
Aviation Turbine Fuels (JFTOT Procedure) (DoD Adopted)
ASTM D3828 Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed
Cup Tester (DoD Adopted)
ASTM D4052 Standard Test Method for Density and Relative Density of
Liquids by Digital Density Meter (DoD Adopted)
ASTM D5452 Standard Test Method for Particulate Contamination in
Aviation Fuels by Laboratory Filtration (DoD Adopted)
(Copies of these documents are available online at http://www.astm.org or the ASTM International, 100
Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken PA 19428-2959.)
(Copies of these documents are available online at http://www.iata.org or from the International Air
Transport Association Customer Svc, 800 Place Victoria, P.O. Box 113, Montreal Quebec, H4Z 1M1,
Canada.)
(Copies of these documents are available online http://www.nfpa.org or from the National Fire
Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, PO Box 9101, Quincy, MA 02269-9101.)
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MIL-STD-1548G
SAE INTERNATIONAL
SAE AS5877 Detailed Specification for Aircraft Pressure Refueling Nozzle
(DoD Adopted)
(Copies of these documents are available online at http://www.sae.org or from SAE International, 400
Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA USA 15096-0001.)
2.4 Order of precedence. Unless otherwise noted herein or in the contract, in the event of a
conflict between the text of this document and the references cited herein (except for related
specification sheets), the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this document, however,
supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained.
3. DEFINITIONS
3.1 Definitions applicable in this standard. The definitions for terms used in this standard are
in accordance with ATA Specification 103 and the IATA Joint Into-plane Guidelines (JIG 1), with the
following additional terms noted herein.
3.2 Full flow monitor cartridges. Fuse-type or fuel monitor elements, which remove free water
and solid contaminants in the fuel. As the elements retain solids and water through absorption, fuel
flow is restricted or shutoff.
4. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
4.1 Type I and Type II. Receipt, storage, and issue of aviation products shall comply with ATA
Specification 103 or IATA Joint Into-plane Guidelines (JIG 1) respectfully, except as noted herein.
4.1.1 Defueled product. Defueled product from other than U.S. Government aircraft shall not
be used to refuel U.S. Government aircraft. Product defueled from U.S. Government aircraft may be
returned to an authorized user and shall meet the defueled product quality criteria in Table I.
Density at 15 °C (or API Gravity) 0.775-0.840 kg/L (37-51) ASTM D1298 or D4052
Particulate contamination
(1) Particulate content before filtration, or: 1.0 mg/L, max ASTM D5452
(2) Particulate content after filtration into 0.5 mg/L, max ASTM D5452
plane,
or:
(3) Color rating A1,A2,B1,B2,G1, or G2 ASTM D2276
Conductivity
Without conductivity additive 10 pS/m, max ASTM D2624
With conductivity additive 50-700 pS/m ASTM D2624
Water content (into plane) 15 ppmv, max See JIG 1 or ATA 103
Appearance Clear and Bright Visual
Flash point 1 38 °C (100 °F), min ASTM D56, D93, or D3828
Notes:
1. ASTM D56 may give results up to 1°C (2°F) below the ASTM D93 results. ASTM D3828 may give results up to 1.7°C (3°F)
below the ASTM D93 results.
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MIL-STD-1548G
4.1.1.1 Defueled JP8+100 product. Aircraft containing JP-8+100 shall not be defueled unless
an imminent emergency exists. The aircraft home station, applicable military Service Control Point
(SCP), or Major Command shall be contacted regarding disposition instructions. JP-8+100 product can
only be returned to the aircraft from which it was defueled.
4.1.2 Safety. Safety requirements as specified in NFPA 407 shall apply to Type I.
5 DETAILED REQUIREMENTS
5.1 Type I. Type I refueling at commercial airports shall be performed as specified in ATA
Specification 103, except as noted herein.
5.1.1 Jet fuel specification and purity standards. The requirements of ATA Specification 103
shall apply except for the following.
5.1.1.1 Additive injection. There may be a requirement to add additives to the fuel. The
additives are Fuel System Icing Inhibitor (FSII) or Static Dissipator Additive (SDA). The only authorized
FSII for Department of Defense aircraft is diethylene glycol monomethyl ether. The following additive
blending guidance is provided in order to assure proportional injection of the additives. The two basic
methods for adding additives into fuel are manual blending and use of an injector.
a. The preferred method is proportional injection using a fuel driven design injector. This type
injects additives proportionately at various flow rates.
b. Manually blending additives at various points in the system can be accomplished by several
techniques, some of which are described below. When manual blending is performed, additive should
first be diluted with the fuel. The greater the dilution, the easier it is for the additive to mix properly.
Fuel additives should not be mixed together in neat form as a cocktail blend for injecting into fuel.
1. Blending additives into bulk airfield tanks can be done by pouring the required
quantity of additive into the tank heel followed by a receipt. Care should be taken when manually
introducing additive to tank heels to avoid over/under additizing resulting from variations in anticipated
vs. actual quantities received. The required quantity of additive may also be added to the delivery tank
trucks just prior to offloading into bulk tanks.
2. Blending into refueling units can be performed by introducing the required amount
through the top hatch using a funnel and a length of hose with one end submerged below the surface of
the fuel. This can best be accomplished by pouring the additive into the refueler, filled to not more than
one-third of its capacity and then filling the unit with fuel. Wait approximately 10 minutes and then
circulate fuel for at least three minutes before servicing to aircraft. If additives are put into a full
refueler, circulate at least 150 percent of the refueler capacity prior to issue.
c. When required, fuel system icing inhibitor (FSII) may be added using the 590 mL (20 ounce)
aerosol can during over-wing refueling. Determine the fuel load and calculate the amount of additive
required. It should be added gradually during filling to permit proper blending in the fuel. One can of
aerosol additive will inhibit 680 liters (180 gallons) of fuel to 0.087% by volume.
d. When FSII and/or static dissipator additive (SDA) is injected into fuel the following
concentration levels apply: Fuel injected with FSII shall contain 0.07 – 0.20 vol. % FSII content; if the
fuel is injected with SDA, the SDA content shall be between 50 and 700 conductivity units (CU).
5.1.2 Hydrant system checks. The requirements of ATA Specification 103 shall apply, except
that for any modifications, changes, or construction work to hydrant systems, the contractor shall also
notify the contracting officer.
5.1.3 Aircraft fueling equipment requirements. The requirements of ATA Specification 103
shall apply, except for electrostatic bonding, the following specific equipment shall be required.
5.1.3.1 Electrostatic Bonding.
5.1.3.1.1 Grounding plug. When the aircraft being serviced is equipped with grounding
receptacles, a grounding plug conforming to or equivalent in design to MIL-DTL-83413/4 shall be used.
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MIL-STD-1548G
5.1.3.1.2 Grounding clamp. When the aircraft being serviced is not equipped with grounding
receptacles or a plug is not available, a grounding clamp conforming to or equivalent in design to MIL-
DTL-83413/7 shall be used on the bonding cables of the refueling equipment. When a grounding clamp
is used, it shall be connected to a bare metal surface of the aircraft. Do not secure/attach to external
doors, latches or hinges.
5.1.3.2 Aircraft Pressure Refueling Nozzle. Aircraft pressure refueling nozzles shall meet the
requirements of SAE AS5877.
5.2 Type II. Type II Refueling at Commercial Airports shall be performed as specified in the
IATA Joint Into-plane Guidelines (JIG 1), except as noted herein.
5.2.1 Jet fuel specifications. The IATA guide specification, ASTM D1655, or applicable
specification cited in the contract, shall be used with the following additional requirements.
5.2.1.1 Additive injection. When additives are required, see paragraph 5.1.1.1.
5.2.2 Maintenance and testing of fueling equipment. The requirements in the IATA Joint Into-
plane Guidelines (JIG 1) apply with the following exceptions.
5.2.2.1 Bonding wires. When testing for continuity, use either of the following methods.
a. Continuity tester N22T (Ray-O-Vac) or equivalent.
b. Simpson Model 260, Volt ohm Meter or equivalent. When using this type test equipment the
resistance shall be 25 ohms or less.
5.2.2.2 Storage tanks. Storage tanks shall be inspected and cleaned as necessary whenever
tank samples show a continuous solids build-up or when filtration elements on the downstream side of
tanks show evidence of premature plugging from excessive solids.
5.2.3 Fueling operations. The requirements of the IATA Joint Into-plane Guidelines (JIG 1)
apply in their entirety with exceptions noted herein.
5.2.3.1 Electrostatic Bonding.
5.2.3.1.1 Grounding plug. When the aircraft being serviced is equipped with a grounding
receptacle, a grounding plug conforming to or equivalent in design to MIL-DTL-83413/4 shall be used.
5.2.3.1.2 Grounding clamp. When the aircraft being serviced is not equipped with grounding
receptacles or a plug is not available, a grounding clamp conforming to or equivalent in design to MIL-
DTL-83413/7 shall be used on the bonding cables of the refueling equipment. When a grounding clamp
is used, it shall be connected to a bare metal surface of the aircraft. Do not secure/attach to external
doors, latches or hinges.
5.2.3.2 Aircraft Pressure Refueling Nozzle. Aircraft pressure refueling nozzles shall meet the
requirements of SAE AS5877.
5.2.4 Filtration equipment. The filtration equipment requirements in the IATA Joint Into-plane
Guidelines (JIG 1) apply in their entirety with exceptions noted.
5.2.4.1 Filtration requirements. All aviation fuel shall pass through two filters. One filter shall
be at the inlet to the operating tank and one filter shall be on the fueler-loading rack or hydrant delivery
lines. The initial filter must be a filter separator. The final filtration of jet fuel shall be through a filter
separator or a full flow monitor. One of the two filters used for aviation gasoline shall be a filter
separator or fuel monitor. The filter separator referred to for both products shall meet the requirement
of API/EI 1581 or MIL-PRF-52308. The full-flow monitor shall meet the requirements of EI1583. The
micronic filter shall meet the requirement of API /EI1590. Filtration equipment shall be designed so that
fuel bypass is not possible.
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MIL-STD-1548G
6. NOTES
(This section contains information of a general or explanatory nature that may be helpful, but is not
mandatory.)
6.1 Intended use. The purpose of this standard is to ensure government aircraft are provided
specification fuel at commercial facilities where a US Government Into-Plane Servicing Contract is in
force. The JP-8+100 defueling procedures covered by this standard are unique as only DoD aircraft
use JP-8+100. Defueling of JP-8+100 at commercial airports must only be accomplished under
emergency situations after coordination with the aircraft's home station, military Service Control Point,
of Major Air Command and must be handled appropriately to avoid contaminating systems not capable
of handling the JP-8+100. Additive injection procedures mentioned in this standard are also military
unique as the additive package required in fuel used by DoD aircraft is not used in commercial fuels -
the additive package required in fuel destined for DoD aircraft is required as it provides additional
safeguards against fuel system icing and fuel system static charges.
6.2 Acquisition requirements. Acquisition documents should specify the title, number, and date
of this standard.
6.3 Publications. The JIG 1 publication referred to in Type II of the detailed requirements is
available through two sources. It is prepared by and for members of the Joint Inspection Group,
participants of the JIG can obtain the document through corporate channels. The JIG guidance
referred to in Type II has also been written into the International Air Transport Association (IATA) Joint
Into-Plane Guidance Material for Aviation Turbine Fuels Quality Control and Operating Procedures, 1st
Edition. It is identical to the JIG used by JIG participants. The 1st Edition of the IATA publication can be
procured from IATA Customer Svc, 800 Place Victoria, P.O. Box 113, Montreal Quebec, Canada, H4Z
1M1, Fax (514) 874-9659.
6.4 Subject term (key word) listing.
Aviation Gasoline
JP8+100 product
Defueled product
Aircraft pressure refueling nozzle
6.5 Quality assurance requirements. Quality assurance requirements imposed as part of any
contract may include sample submission to one of the laboratories listed in Table II or Table III of this
standard.
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MIL-STD-1548G
6.6 Changes from previous issue. The margins of this standard are marked with vertical lines
to indicate where changes from the previous issue were made. This was done as a convenience only
and the Government assumes no liability whatsoever for any inaccuracies in these notations. Bidders
and contractors are cautioned to evaluate the requirements of this document based on the entire
content irrespective of the marginal notations and relationship to the last previous issue.
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MIL-STD-1548G
TABLE III. Laboratories outside the continental United States.
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MIL-STD-1548G
CONCLUDING MATERIAL
Review activities:
Army – CD
Navy – SA
DLA – CC
Note: The activities listed above were interested in this document as of the date of this document.
Since organizations and responsibilities can change, you should verify the currency of the information
above using the ASSIST Online database at http://assist.daps.dla.mil .