Industrial Electrical Machines and Drives Servicing Level II Learning Guide - 39

Industrial Electrical Machines and
Drives Servicing Level II
Learning Guide -39

Unit of Competence: - Perform
Commissioning Of Electrical
Equipment/Systems
Module Title: - Performing Commissioning Of
Electrical Equipment/Systems
LG Code: - EEL EMD2 M06 0919 LO2- LG39
TTLM code: - EEL EMD2 M06 0919 V1
LO2:- Commission Electrical

Equipment/Systems
Learning Guide For Industrial Electrical Date: 10/10/2019

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Machines & Drives Servicing Level Author: Federal TVET Agency
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Instruction Sheet Learning Guide 24
This learning guide is developed to provide you the necessary information regarding
the following Learning out comes and contents.
Module learning out comes and contents:

 Following safety policies and procedures
 Following Electrical testing criteria
 commission Electrical equipment/systems
 Responding Unforeseen events
 Revising Records, electrical plans and schematic diagrams
 Filling-out and submitting test data forms
This guide will also assist you to attain the learning outcome stated in the cover
page. Specifically, upon completion of this Learning Guide, you will be able to:
 Follow safety policies and procedures
 Follow Electrical test criteria
 commission Electrical equipment/systems
 Respond Unforeseen events
 Revise Records, electrical plans and schematic diagrams
 Fill-out and submit test data forms
This guide will also assist you to attain the learning outcome stated in the cover
page. Specifically, upon completion of this Learning Guide, you will be able to
provide the learners with the required knowledge and skill to cast concrete.

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Learning Instructions:
1. Read the specific objectives of this Learning Guide.
2. Follow the instructions described below
3. Read the information written in the “Information Sheets”. Try to understand

what are being discussed. Ask you teacher for assistance if you have hard
time understanding them.
4. Accomplish the “Self-checks" for each information sheet.
5. Ask from your teacher the key to correction (key answers) or you can request
your teacher to correct your work. (You are to get the key answer only after
you finished answering the Self-checks).
6. If you earned a satisfactory evaluation proceed to “Operation sheets and LAP

Tests if any”. However, if your rating is unsatisfactory, ask your teacher for
further instructions or go back to Learning Activity.
7. After you accomplish Operation sheets and LAP Tests, ensure you have a
formative assessment and get a satisfactory result;
8. Then proceed to the next information sheet.

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Information Sheet #1 Following Safety Policies and Procedures
2.1 Following Safety Policies and Procedures
The procedures stated in this T&C (testing and commissioning) Procedure cover the
activities in preliminary tests and inspections, functional performance tests and the
commissioning of newly completed installations and existing ones after major
alteration. They are so compiled to facilitate the work of Project Building Services
Engineer (PBSE) and Project Building Services Inspector (PBSI), who are appointed
as the Architect’s Representatives, in the following aspects with respect to testing
and commissioning.
This T&C Procedure is also intended to lay down the minimum testing and
commissioning requirements to be carried out by the EE Contractor on a new Low
Voltage Cubicle Switchboard Installation upon completion or on an existing Low
Voltage Cubicle Switchboard Installation after a major alteration involving
modification of the main bus bar such as upgrading, reposition and extension.
One easy way to illustrate the effects of commissioning is to compare a building to a

human body. Both have an outer layer of skin that protects the inner functions from
the elements. Both have an electrical system, a heating and cooling system, a frame
to support their weight, and even a plumbing system- as well as a distinctive
personality expressed by their appearance.
Now, imagine a person’s body could be commissioned to function at optimal levels. It

would have no health problems. It would never get sick. It would have perfect vision
and perfect hearing, and it would perform any physical task with athleticism. Cx plays
the combined roles of personal trainer and doctor for your building, producing an
alpha structure that far outperforms its non-commissioned counterparts.
According to the National Institute of Building Sciences’ “Whole Building Design

Guide,” one of the main benefits of implementing Cx is cost savings. Cx produces a
monetary and emotional return on investment with reduced energy costs and peace
of mind in the form of reduced change orders, reduced contractor claims, reduced

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contractor callbacks, avoided project delays, improved project scheduling, improved
documentation development and improved communications to keep the project team
focused on properly turning over a facility.
Other benefits include a more comfortable environment for building occupants,

improved air quality, increased reliability and uptime, reduced maintenance and
longer life cycles for building equipment. Cx can be implemented with many systems
across a range of projects and at any stage of a facility’s life cycle.
Objectives of the Testing and Commissioning (T&C) Works:
(i) To verify proper functioning of the equipment/system after installation; and
(ii) To verify that the performance of the installed equipment/systems meet with the
specified design intent through a series of tests and adjustments.
(iii) To capture and record performance data of the whole installation as the baseline
for future operation and maintenance.
Types of Commissioning
There are four primary types of commissioning:
New construction commissioning - This begins when the building is just an idea, a
drawing or a schematic and is typically just called “commissioning.” It is a systematic
process of verifying and documenting that a facility and all of its systems and
assemblies are planned, designed, installed, tested, operated and maintained to
meet the owner’s project requirements (OPR). Ideally, the commissioning process
begins in predesign, continues into the warranty period for a minimum of one year
after construction, and involves the proper preparation of operations personnel.
Re-commissioning -Also known as ongoing Cx, the Cx process is repeated after a

project has been commissioned previously. This may be preferred option as system.
Performance drifts and/or technologies change and advance over time, making it
Possible to restore the efficiency of a previously commissioned building and
potentially Enhance optimization further.

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Retro-commissioning -When the Cx process begins after a building has already
been built but has not been put through the commissioning process, a building’s
systems are tested and tuned to perform optimally for the current facility
requirements. Low-cost and no-cost improvements such as energy conservation
measures or reliability enhancements are also recommended, implemented and then
commissioned to ensure proper performance.
Monitoring-based commissioning -Known as MBCX, this process involves

innovative commissioning techniques combined with new technology to integrate
energy management, utility and building automation data with analytical and
diagnostic algorithms that identify actual energy savings and performance
enhancement opportunities in real time and ongoing. MBCx seeks to resolve
performance issues as they surface and continually refine facilities so that greater
than design performance (i.e technical potential) is achieved over time.

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Self-Check -1 Written Test
Directions: Answer all the questions listed below. Use the Answer sheet provided
in the next page:
Choose the Best Answer

1. The procedures stated in this testing and commissioning cover:
A. Preliminary testing & inspection B. Functional performance test
C. Commissioning of new installation D. Commissioning existing ones
E. All of these
2. Objectives of the Testing and Commissioning Works:
A. To verify proper functioning of the equipment/system
B. To verify performance of the installed equipment/system
C. To capture and record performance data
D. All of these
E. None of these
3. One of the following is not types of commissioning?
A. New construction commissioning B. Monitoring based
commissioning
C. Retro-Commissioning D. Re-Commissioning
E. None of these
4. ______________ begins when the building is just an idea, a drawing or a
schematic and is typically just called “commissioning.”
A. New construction commissioning B. Monitoring based
commissioning
C. Retro-Commissioning D. Re-Commissioning
E. None of these
Note: Satisfactory rating - 3 points Unsatisfactory - below 3 points
You can ask you teacher for the copy of the correct answers. Score = ___________
Rating: ____________
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Name: _________________________ Date: ______________
ANSWER SHEET
1. E
2. D
3. E
4. A

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Information sheet #2 Following Electrical Testing Criteria
2.2 Following Electrical Testing Criteria
2.2.1. CONTINUITY TEST
What is continuity testing?
An electrical continuity test is the checking of an electric circuit to see if the current
flows throughout the circuit. Continuity test is performed by applying a small voltage
to one end of the circuit and measuring on the other end.
In electronics, a continuity test is the checking of an electric circuit to see if current

flows (that it is in fact a complete circuit). A continuity test is performed by placing a
small voltage (wired in series with an LED or noise-producing component such as a
piezoelectric speaker) across the chosen path.
Continuity testing is a very valuable debugging tool which can used in conjunction
with other debugging tools and can be carried out very quickly. It is a way to check if
2 parts of a circuit that should be electrically connected are indeed connected.
You can also use it to check some components are working correctly such as
switches and of course for internal breaks in wires etc. As well as a quick check for
ground connections and so on (see below).
Using the schematic for your pedal build will show you which parts of the circuit
should be connected and conversely which should not. You would simply follow the
schematic for the particular part of the circuit you wish to check.

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You will need a multimeter with the continuity test facility most digital multi meters
will have this, the symbol on the dial may vary slightly from meter to meter here are
some examples:
As you can see it is a diode symbol with a radiating wave, some meters will display
both and some one or the other.
With continuity testing your meter passes a small current into the circuit to check the
resistance between 2 points. You would connect your meter probes at either end, if
the current flows from one probe to the other via the part of the circuit you are testing
an audible beep will be heard and a very small resistance displayed on the screen
telling you there is good continuity and an electrical connection is present.
If there is no connection, no audible beep would be heard and the meter would
display infinite resistance for an open circuit again different meters use different
measurements usually either displaying a ‘1’ or ‘OL’ indicating an open circuit in that
part of the circuit usually caused by a poor solder joint and although possible very
rarely a component problem or break in the wires or PCB traces.
You can also use continuity testing to check if 2 parts of a circuit are connected that
should not be connected indicating possible solder bridges etc. You can check to
see if switches are good for example here’s how you would check a 3pdt switch and
a DPDT toggle switch:
To check ground connections you would put one probe on the ground pad or ground
connection you wish to check and simply touch a metal part of the enclosure to
quickly test for good grounding. So if you suspect a poor grounding point e.g jack
socket touch the jack ground lug with one probe and any other ground point with the
other to very quickly check if you have a good ground connection.
I always use a bare part of the enclosure for easy one handed testing. So there you
have it a brief look at continuity testing and its value to the DIY pedal builder.
Electrical testers are used to check AC and DC voltage, continuity, circuit problems,

amperage, shorted and open circuit problems, and to make sure the voltages are
correct at the electrical panel.

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Electricians use these electrical testers every day to see if a circuit or device is
energized. They are crucial safety tools that keep electricians out of harm’s way and
tell them if there is trouble on a circuit or device.
There are several different types of testers on the market, some with specific
purposes only and some with multiple testing features. Here are the top 6 electrical
testers used by professional electricians.
A continuity tester is a device that is powered by batteries and has a probe at on end
and a cord with either an alligator clip or another probe at the other end. Basically, if
you touch the two together, you complete a circuit and a light lights or a sound, like a
buzzing sound, goes off to indicate there is a complete circuit. These testers are
great for checking to see if something like a single-pole switch is working properly.
Beware! Be sure to turn the power off to the circuit or device that you'll be testing!
Continuity testers are also great for checking wire runs for a complete circuit. You
may also find short circuits in wiring with this tester; say two wires have melted
together inside the outer jacket of NM sheathed cable.
By touching one probe to the white and the other to the black wire, if the light lights
and the buzz sound, the wires are identified as shorted together. Once again, be
sure the power is off before doing any testing.
One of the easiest ways to check for faulty devices and parts is to use a multi-tester,
sometimes called a multi-meter.
Testing continuity by using the ohm setting will tell you if the connection through the
device is complete or if it has opened and is no longer usable. For instance, if you
place one of the test leads on one side of a fuse and the other lead on the other side
of the fuse, you should show a short circuit or 0 ohms. If your meter shows infinite
resistance, the fuse is bad and should be replaced.
To test something, turn the dial of the tester to the ohm setting. This portion of the
dial has markings like X1, X10, XK1, etc... This simply means that on the X1 setting,
the value of ohms shown on the dial is taken times 1 and that is the amount of ohms.
Let's say it shows 50 ohms. That means 50x1=50 ohms. with the dial set at x10, if

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the dial shows 50, 50x10=500 ohms. You can see the theory here. By adjusting the
dial to another setting the multiples increase.
With the test leads apart and not touching, the meter needle should be all the way to
the right, showing maximum ohms. On a digital meter, the screen will show infinite
resistance.
Fig.1. CONTINUITY TEST
By touching the two test leads together, either tester should show a 0 ohms reading.
The digital will likely show a 0.00 reading. Sometimes meters have an audible
continuity setting that looks like a diode.
With this setting, when the test leads are touched together, the meter will show the
reading and an audible alarm will sound. My tester has a constant beep sound.
2.2.2. ELECTRICAL INSULATION TEST
Electric Motor Insulation Resistance Testing
Electric motor insulation exhibits a negative temperature coefficient, meaning as

temperature increases, resistance decreases. This would lead you to believe that
insulation resistance of a de-energized motor will decrease after starting the motor.
However, most often the resistance will initially increase after running due to

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moisture being evaporated by the increasing temperature of the windings. The
governing standard (IEEE43) on insulation resistance testing requires a temperature
correction to 40 degrees Celsius, which could quickly turn acceptable measured
resistance readings into unacceptably low corrected resistance readings. Before
sending a motor to be refurbished, consider space heaters.
Insulation Resistance
The test shall be in accordance with COP Code 21B (5).A suitable direct current (d.c.
) insulation tester should be used tomeasure insulation resistance. Care should be t
aken to ensure that theinsulation of the equipment under test could withstand the test v
oltagewithout damage.
To carry out this test, it is acceptable to divide large installation intosections with groups
of outlets, each group containing not less than 50outlets. The termoutletin this case i
ncludes every point andevery switch. A socket outlet or appliance or luminaire incorpor
ating aswitch is regarded as one outlet.
When measured with all fuse links in place, all switches and circuitbreakers (including,
if practicable, the main switch) closed and allpoles or phases of the wiring electr
ically connected together, theinsulation resistance to earth should not be less than the
appropriatevalues given in Table 21 (1) of COP. For best practice, the insulationresistan
ce shall not be lower than 1.0 mega ohm for low voltageinstallation under a test v
oltage of d.c. 500V.
When measured between all conductors connected to any one phase orpole of the supp
ly and, in turn, all conductors connected to each otherphase or pole, the insulation resist
ance should not be less than theappropriate values in Table 21(1) of COP. For bes
t practice
theinsulation resistance shall not be lower than 1.0 mega ohm for lowvoltage installation
under a test voltage of d.c. 500V.
For the sake of enhanced safety, when the value of insulationresistance measure
d is near the minimum values as required in thisT&C procedure, or at a relatively lo
w valves where consideredabnormal to trade’s practice, the concerned circuit /
installation shall be
re-checked to improve and re-test shall be conducted afterward.In carrying out the test:

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(a)wherever practicable, all lamps should be removed and allcurrent using equipment s
hould be disconnected and all localswitches controlling lamps or other equipment sh
ould beclosed;
(b)where the removal of lamps and/or the disconnection ofcurrent using equipment
is impracticable, the local switchescontrolling such lamps and/or equipment should be o
pen;
(c)electronic devices connected in the installation should beisolated or short circuite
d where appropriate so that they arenot damaged by the test voltage.
(d)where the circuits contain voltage sensitive devices, the testshould measure the insul
ation resistance to earth with all liveconductors (including the neutral) connected togeth
er.
The sequence of test shall be as follows:
(1)Main switch/switchboard and outgoing circuits with sub-main switches being isolated;
(2)Submain switches/switchboards and outgoing circuits withfinal circuits boards being
isolated; and
(3)Final circuit boards and final circuits.Where equipment is disconnected for the test an
d the equipment hasexposed conductive parts require to be connected to protectiv
econductors, the insulation resistance between the exposed conductiveparts and all live
parts of the equipment should be measured separatelyand should have a minimum insu
lation resistance not less than 0.5MegaOhm.

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Fig.2. ELECTRICAL INSULATION TEST
How Insulation Resistance is measured?

You have seen that good insulation has high resistance; poor insulation, relatively
low resistance. The actual resistance values can be higher or lower, depending upon
such factors as the temperature or moisture content of the insulation (resistance
decreases in temperature or moisture). With a little record-keeping and common
sense, however, you can get a good picture of the insulation condition from values
that are only relative. The Megger insulation tester is a small, portable instrument
that gives you a direct reading of insulation resistance in ohms or megohms. For
good insulation, the resistance usually reads in the megohm range.
The Megger insulation tester is essentially a high-range resistance meter

(ohmmeter) with a built-in direct-current generator. This meter is of special
construction with both current and voltage coils, enabling true ohms to be read
directly, independent of the actual voltage applied. This method is nondestructive;
that is, it does not cause deterioration of the insulation.
FACTORS AFFECTING INSULATION RESISTANCE READINGS

Remember that the measured resistance (of the insulation) will be determined by the
voltage applied and the resultant current (R = E/I). There are a number of things that
affect current, including temperature of the insulation and humidity, as mentioned in
the previous section. Right now, let’s just consider the nature of current through
insulation and the effect of how long voltage is applied.
Current through and along insulation is made up partly of a relatively steady current
in leakage paths over the insulation surface. Electricity also flows through the volume
of the insulation. Actually, as shown in Fig. …, our total current comprises three
components:
1. Capacitance Charging Current that starts out high and drops after the insulation
has been charged to full voltage (much like water flow in a garden hose when you
first turn on the spigot).

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2. Absorption Current Also an initially high current which then drops (for reasons
discussed under the section Time-Resistance Method).
3. Conduction or Leakage Current A small essentially steady current both through
and over the insulation.
2-point (dead earth) method

In areas where driving ground rods may be impractical, the two-point method can be
used. With this method, the resistance of two electrodes in a series is measured by
connecting the P1 and C1 terminals to the ground electrode under test; P2 and C2
connect to a separate all-metallic grounding point (like a water pipe or building steel).
The dead earth method is the simplest way to obtain a ground resistance reading but
is not as accurate as the three-point method and should only be used as a last
resort; it is most effective for quickly testing the connections and conductors between
connection points.
3-point (Fall-of-potential) method

The three-point method is the most thorough and reliable test method; used for
measuring resistance to earth of an installed grounding electrode. The standard
used as a reference for fall-of-potential testing is IEEE Standard 81: Guide for
Measuring Earth Resistivity, Ground Impedance, and Earth Surface Potentials of a
Grounding System With a four terminal tester, P1 and C1 terminals on the
instrument are jumpered and connected to the earth electrode under test while the
C2 reference rod is driven into the earth straight out as far from the electrode under
test as possible. Potential reference P2 is then driven into the earth, at a set number
of points, roughly on a straight line between C1 and C2. Resistance readings are
logged for each P2 point.
4-point method
This method is the most commonly used for measuring soil resistivity, which is
important for designing electrical grounding systems. In this method, four small-sized
electrodes are driven into the earth at the same depth and equal distance apart - in a
straight line - and a measurement is taken. The amount of moisture and salt content

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of soil radically affects its resistivity. Soil resistivity measurements will also be
affected by existing nearby grounded electrodes. Buried conductive objects in
contact with the soil can invalidate readings if they are close enough to alter the test
current flow pattern. This is particularly true for large or long objects.
Clamp-on method
The clamp on method is unique in that it offers the ability to measure resistance
without disconnecting the ground system. It is quick, easy, and also includes the
bond to ground and overall grounding connection resistances in its measurement.
The clamp on method is unique in that it offers the ability to measure resistance
without disconnecting the ground system.
Photo Credit: AEMC
Measurements are made by "clamping" the tester around the grounding electrode
under test, similar to how you would measure current with a multi-meter current
clamp. The tester applies a known voltage without a direct electrical connection via a
transmit coil and measures the current via a receive coil. The test is carried out at a
high frequency to enable the transformers to be as small and practical as possible.
How Insulation Resistance is Measured Using meger
you have seen that good insulation has high resistance; poor insulation,relatively low
resistance. The actual resistance values can be higher or lower,depending upon suc
h factors as the temperature or moisture content of the
insulation (resistance decreases in temperature or moisture). With a little
record-keeping and common sense, however, you can get a good picture of
the insulation condition from values that are only relative.
The Megger insulation tester is a small, portable instrument that gives you
direct reading of insulation resistance in ohms or megohms. For good
insulation, the resistance usually reads in the megohm range.
construction with both current and voltage coils, enabling true ohms to be

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read directly, independent of the actual voltage applied. This method is non-
destructive; that is, it does not cause deterioration of the insulation.
The generator can be hand-cranked or line-operated to develop a high
dC voltage which causes a small current through and over surfaces of the
insulation being tested (Fig. 2). This current (usually at an applied voltage
of 500 volts or more) is measured by the ohmmeter, which has an indicating
scale. Fig. 3 shows a typical scale, which reads increasing resistance values
from left up to infinity, or a resistance too high to be measured.
2.2.3. EARTH RESISTANCE TEST

What is insulation resistance testing?
Basically, you're applying a voltage (specifically a highly regulated, stabilized DC

voltage) across a dielectric, measuring the amount of current flowing through that
dielectric, and then calculating (using Ohm's Law) a resistance measurement. Let's
clarify our use of the term "current." We're talking about leakage current. The
resistance measurement is in megohms. You use this resistance measurement to
evaluate insulation integrity.
Current flow through a dielectric may seem somewhat contradictory, but remember,
no electrical insulation is perfect. So, some current will flow.
What's the purpose of insulation resistance testing?
You can use it as: A quality control measure at the time a piece of electrical
equipment is produced; An installation requirement to help ensure specifications are
met and to verify proper hookup; A periodic preventive maintenance task; and A
troubleshooting tool.
How do you perform an insulation resistance test?
Generally, you connect two leads (positive and negative) across an insulation
barrier. A third lead, which connects to a guard terminal, may or may not be available
with your tester. If it is, you may or may not have to use it. This guard terminal acts
as a shunt to remove the connected element from the measurement. In other words,

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it allows you to be selective in evaluating certain specific components in a large
piece of electrical equipment.
Obviously, it's a good idea to have a basic familiarity with the item you're testing.
Basically, you should know what is supposed to be insulated from what. The
equipment you're testing will determine how you hook up your Meg ohmmeter.
Fig. 3a. Earth Resistance Test
After you make your connections, you apply the test voltage for 1 min. (This is a
standard industry parameter that allows you to make relatively accurate comparisons
of readings from past tests done by other technicians.)
During this interval, the resistance reading should drop or remain relatively steady.
Larger insulation systems will show a steady decrease; smaller systems will remain
steady because the capacitive and absorption currents drop to zero faster than on
larger systems. After 1 min, you should read and record the resistance value.
When performing insulation resistance testing, you must maintain consistency.

Why? Because electrical insulation will exhibit dynamic behavior during the course

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of your test; whether the dielectric is "good" or "bad." To evaluate a number of test
results on the same piece of equipment, you have to conduct the test the same way
and under the relatively same environmental parameters, each and every time.
Your resistance measurement readings will also change with time. This is because
electrical insulation materials exhibit capacitance and will charge during the course
of the test. This can be somewhat frustrating to a novice. However, it becomes a
useful tool to a seasoned technician.
As you gain more skills, you'll become familiar with this behavior and be able to
make maximum use of it in evaluating your test results. This is one factor that
generates the continued popularity of analog testers.
What affects insulation resistance readings?
Insulation resistance is temperature-sensitive. When temperature increases,

insulation resistance decreases, and vice versa. A common rule of thumb is
insulation resistance changes by a factor of two for each 10 DegrC change. So, to
compare new readings with hprevious ones, you'll have to correct your readings to
some base temperature. For example, suppose you measured 100 megohms with
an insulation temperature of 30 DegrC. A corrected measurement at 20 DegrC would
be 200 megohms (100 megohms times two).
Also, "acceptable" values of insulation resistance depend upon the equipment you're
testing. Historically, many field electricians use the somewhat arbitrary standard of 1
megohm per kV. The International Electrical Testing Association (NETA)
specification Maintenance Testing Specifications for Electrical Power Distribution
Equipment and Systems provides much more realistic and useful values.
Remember; compare your test readings with others taken on similar equipment.
Then, investigate any values below the NETS standard minimums or sudden
departures from previous values.

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Fig. 3b. Earth Resistance Test
2.2.4 PHASE SEQUENCE TEST
Phase Sequence and Motor Rotation Tester
If you install or connect 3phase motors and systems, you recognize the importance of
veri
ying the correct motor rotationand wiring phase sequence. Improper connections can c
ause motors to rotate in reverse direction, potentially damaging themotor and the equip
ment its powering.
The PRM-6 Phase Sequence and Motor Rotation Tester can test the motor rotation of 3
-phase systems and verify 3-phasereceptacle wiring and phase sequencing with test le
ads.
An additional advanced feature is wireless motor rotation detection, which senses mot
or rotation direction without use oftest leads. This is particularly useful for fastrunning
motors when the motor rotation cannot be visually determined or whenthe drive shaft is
not visible.Durably constructed with a rubber outer casing, the PRM6 has a bright, bac
klight LCD display, CAT IV 600 V rating, andconforms to EN 61010 and EN 61557 stan

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dards, making it an essential tool for motor rotation and phase sequence testing incom
mercial and industrial environments on electrical systems up to 700 V.
Fig.5 Phase Sequence Test
2.2.5. LOAD TEST
A complete test uses a number of individual tests. these individual tests include:
locked-rotor test at a rated frequency, speed-torque curve, no-load saturation curve,dual-
frequency heat run or coupled heat run Locked-rotor test at rated frequency.
The locked-rotor test at rated frequency is used to determine the locked-
rotor torque (lrt) and cur-
rent (lra). in order to determine the values at rated
voltage, at least three test points of voltage versus
current, watts, and sometimes torque are taken to as
high a voltage as possible and then extrapolated to rated voltage on log-log
graph paper to establish the desired values.

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Fig.5 Load Test
2.2.6. VOLTAGE TEST
The threephase squirrelcage induction motor can, and many times does,
have the samearmature (stator) winding as the threephase synchronous motor. As
in the synchronous motor, applyingthreephase currents to the armature creates a syn
chronously-rotating magnetic field.
The induction motor rotor is a completely shortcircuited conductive cage. Figur
e 6
illustrates the rotor construction.The rotor receives its excitation by induction from
the armature field. Hence, the inductionmachine is a doubly
excited machine in the same sense as the synchronous and DC machines.
The basic principle of operation is described by Faraday’s Law. If we assume tha
t the machinerotor is at a standstill and the armature is excited, then the armature-
produced rotating field is moving withrespect to the rotor.In fact, the relative spee
d between the rotating field and the rotor is synchronousspeed. For this condi
tion, the rotating field induces a large voltage in the rotor bars. The large volt
agecauses a large current in the squirrelcase which, in turn, creates a magnetic field i
n the rotor.

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Fig. 6 Voltage Test
The rotormagnetic field interacts with the armature magnetic field, and a torque
is produced.If the producedtorque is larger than any load torque, the rotor beg
ins to turn.As the rotor accelerates, the speeddifference between the rotor and
the armature field is reduced.This reduced speed difference (or slip)causes th
e induced rotor voltage to be reduced, the rotor current to be reduced, the ro
tor flux to be
reduced, and the torque produced by the machine to be reduced. Eventually, the tor
que produced by themotor equals the torque demanded by the load, and the motor se
ttles to an equilibrium rotor speed. Thisequilibrium rotor speed must be less than
synchronous speed since there must be a slip to producetorque.
The frequencydependent nature of the rotor impedances causes the torqu
e versus speedcharacteristic of the induction motor to be quite nonlinear. Figure
shows a typical characteristic.Designers have learned to design rotors for specifi
c torque characteristics. The National ElectricalManufacturers Association NEM
A has classified and standard designs which satisfy a range of torquespeed ch
aracteristics. Figure 4 shows the NEMA designs and the rotor bar geometries that p
roduce the esponses.
2.2.7 WINDING RESISTANCE TEST

How resistance is measured?
You have seen that good insulation has high resistance; poor insulation,relatively low
resistance. The actual resistance values can be higher or lower,depending upon suc
h factors as the temperature or moisture content of theinsulation (resistance decreas

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es in temperature or moisture). With a littlerecordkeeping and common sense, howev
er, you can get a good picture ofthe insulation condition from values that are only rel
ative.
The Megger insulation tester is a small, portable instrument that gives youa direct re
ading of insulation resistance in ohms or megohms. For goodinsulation, the resistanc
e usually reads in the megohm range.
construction with both current and voltage coils, enabling true ohms to be
read directly, independent of the actual voltage applied. This method is non-
destructive; that is, it does not cause deterioration of the insulation.
The generator can be hand-cranked or line-operated to develop a high
dC voltage which causes a small current through and over surfaces of the
insulation being tested (Fig. 2). This current (usually at an applied voltage
of 500 volts or more) is measured by the ohmmeter, which has an indicating
scale. Fig. 3 shows a typical scale, which reads increasing resistance values
from left up to infinity, or a resistance too high to be measured.

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Fig.7. Winding Resistance Test
2.2.8. POLARIZATION INDEX (P.I.) TEST
Don’t second guess three-phase systems
If you install or connect 3phase motors and systems, you recognize the importance of
verifying the correct motor rotationand wiring phase sequence. Improper connections c
an cause motors to rotate in reverse direction, potentially damaging themotor and the e
quipment its powering.
The PRM-6 Phase Sequence and Motor Rotation Tester can test the motor rotation of 3
-phase systems and verify 3-phasereceptacle wiring and phase sequencing with test le
ads.
An additional advanced feature is wireless motor rotation detection, which senses mot
or rotation direction without use oftest leads. This is particularly useful for fastrunning
motors when the motor rotation cannot be visually determined or whenthe drive shaft is
not visible.Durably constructed with a rubber outer casing, the PRM6 has a bright, bac
klight LCD display, CAT IV 600 V rating, andconforms to EN 61010 and EN 61557 stan
dards, making it an essential tool for motor rotation and phase sequence testing incom
mercial and industrial environments on electrical systems up to 700 V.

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Fig. 8 POLARIZATION INDEX (P.I.) TEST
2.2.9 LOCK ROTOR TEST
Learning Objectives
After this presentation you will be able to:
 Conduct locked rotor tests on 3-phase induction motors
 Conduct no-load tests on 3-phase induction motors
 Use measurements from lock rotor and no-load tests to find motor circuit parameters
Locked-Rotor Test Procedure
1.) connect ammeters wattmeters and voltmeters as shown above
2.) mechanically lock the motor rotor
3.) adjust the supply voltage until rated current flows
4.) measure V P and I (line-to-line voltage, line current and total active power)
Recommended practice is to perform test at 25% rated f (15 Hz)Minimizes errors due t
o saturation (X's) and skin effects (R's
The locked rotor test, like short circuit test on a transformer,provides the information abo
ut leakage impedances and rotorresistance. Rotor is at the stand still, while low voltage i
s applied
to stator windings to circulate rated current. Measure the voltageand power to the phase.
Since there is no rotation slip, s=1 whichgives us following equivalent circuit.
2.2.10. FREE RUNNING TEST

DC TACHOMETER
It is sometimes necessary in control systems to feed back a voltage proportional to th
e speed of theshaft. In a d.c. servomechanism this can be achieved by using
a d.c. tachometer which is apermanent magnet d.c. generator.

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Fig. 9 FREE RUNNING TEST
The field is due to permanent magnet which ensures that thevoltage output will be dir
ectly proportional to the speed.A d.c. tachometer can be used on a.c. servomechanis
m by converting the d.c. output volt-age to an a.c. voltage by using an inverter circuit.
AC TACHOMETER
An a.c. tachometer is used in feedback control system to feedback an a.c. voltage pr
oportional tothe speed of the shaft. This is basically a twophase induction motor as s
hown in Fig. 9.13. One ofthe stator windings is used as the reference winding and the
other the control winding. Thereference winding is fed a suitable a.c. voltage of const
ant frequency and magnitude. Therefore, avoltage of the same frequency is induced i
n the control winding. This output voltage is fed to thehigh input impedance circuit of
an amplifier so that the control winding can be considered as opencircuited. It is esse
ntial that the voltage induced in the control winding is directly proportional tothe shaft
speed and phase of this voltage be fixed with respect to voltage supplied to the refer
encewinding.
The principle of operation of an a.c. tachometer can be explained using double revolv
ing
field theory. With reference to reference winding the tachometer can be considered e
quivalent toa single phase induction motor. At standstill, the forward and backward fie
lds are equal andhence voltage induced in the control winding is zero.
When the rotor is revolving, the rotor current due to forward rotating field decreases s
inceits effective impedance increases whereas for the backward rotating field the imp
edance decreases,the difference between them being function of speed. Therefore, t
he voltage developed across control winding is a function of speed. Reversal of direct
ion of rotation reverses the phase of outputvoltage.

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For a constant phase angle of output voltage and linear relationship between output v
olt-age and speed, a suitable value of ratio of rotor reactance to rotor resistance shou
ld be chosen. Ifit is low, the sensitivity i.e. volts per revolution per minute is sacrificed
but linear speed range iswide. However, if it is high the speed range is limited to a fai
rly small fraction of synchronousspeed to meet the condition of linearity of voltage an
d consistency of phase angle. An a.c. tachometer should have low inertia when rapid
speed variations are encountered as in automatic controlsystem.
2.2.12 OPEN/SHORT CIRCUIT TEST

The open circuit and short circuit test are performed for determining the parameter of
the transformer like their sufficiency, voltage regulation, constant etc. these tests are
performed without the actual loading and because of this reason the very less power
is required for the test.
Fig:-OPEN/SHORT CIRCUIT TEST
2.2.13 TRANSFORMER TURN RATIO TEST

Transformer Uses
Changing: - Voltage Levels

Current Levels

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Impedance values Isolation
Transformer Operation
Primary coil is supplied with a AC voltage.

Current drawn produces a magnetic field
Magnetic field transported to a secondary coil via a magnetic circuit
Magnetic field induces a voltage in secondary
Fig. 10 TRANSFORMER TURN RATIO TEST
2.2.14 .DIELECTRIC STRENGTH TEST
The dielectric strength test is a measurement of isolation. It is measured between each
winding or all other windingsand the core or case. The terminals of the winding under t
est are strapped together, while all other winding terminalsand the case or core are tie
d to ground. For an RMS voltage a leakage current can be specified, although this test
isgenerally a go nogo test since failure will be determined by a flashover or breakdown.
A DC voltage can also be used,and should be specified in Volts DC. If a sinusoidal volt
age is applied, it will always be an appropriate 60Hz root-mean-squared (rms) voltage.
(See Insulation resistance test).
2.2.15. VOLTAGE EXCITATION TEST
For this specification the following definitions are considered:

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1.Discharge Circuit
This circuit is comprised of devices that allow the insertion of a discharge res
istance in the fieldwinding terminals of the generator during a de-excitation
sequence, in a coordinated form with theopening of the field switch. This
circuit must consider the use of a varistor as an element ofprotection a
gainst overvoltage.
2.Initial Excitation Circuit
The devices that allow the initialization of the excitation of the generator through the
external supplysources.
3.Power Stage
The equipment that supplies field current for the synchronous machine (
generator) excitation,comprised of an: excitation transformer, rectifying bridge, an
d power bars and/or buses, or AC and
DC and sectioning elements.
4.On Line Generator
The operative condition of the generator when it is connected to a power ele
ctrical system, and isdelivering active power and/or reactive to the electric network.
5. No load condition
Operative condition of the generator when it is at nominal speed and voltage in termi
nals, and is notconnected to the electric power system.
6.Field Switch
Allows connecting and disconnecting the output of the excitation system to th
e field winding of thegenerator.
7.Alarms and Signaling
The devices that contain signal information and indication of the operative stat
e of the excitationsystem.
8.Protection
The equipment which protects the excitation system devices when abnormal c
onditions, failuresand/or incorrect operation are present.
9.Voltage Regulator
An automatic control system that maintains the voltage in the armature terminals at a
value definedby a reference element.
10.Excitation System

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The equipment that contains control and power elements which provide the required
field current tomaintain the voltage at the generator terminals under the v
oltage regulation or field currentregulation operation. Additionally it contain
s the protection, monitoring, logging and sequencecontrol functions.
2.2.16. ENERGIZING ELECTRICAL TEST
Energy is vital for every industry. So is energy management.Industry’s dependence on sc
arce energy resources, thevolatility of energy costs, the growing environmentalconscious
ness and more stringent legislation are just a fewof the factors influencing the global driv
e for improved energymanagement.The power management system (PMS) prevents bla
ckoutsand distrubances of your operations while at the same timeit controls energy cost
s, enhances safety and mitigates bothenvironmental and health impacts.
ABB’s power management system has been specificallydesigned for the most energy-
intensive sectors in whichyou operate, such as the oil and gas and the petrochemical
industries. In many areas around the world, your operationsface an insufficient or unrelia
ble public power supply. In largepart, you must therefore depend on your own energy ge
nera-
tion and distribution capabilities. ABB’s PMS manages yourenergy vulnerability and ensu
res sustainable energy for yourplant operations by reconciling efficiency, economic, healt
h,
safety and environmental considerations.
ABB has a track record of successful PMS implementationsaround the world, including:
– offshore platforms
– Floating production, storage and offloading vessels (FPSO)
– refineries
– LNG complexes
– large industrial complexes
Proven power management functions
Industrial plants require a stable and optimized electrical network. To achieve that goal
, the PMS controls and supervisespower generation and supply with proven features.

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Fast load shedding (40 to 150 ms, depending on the configuration) is based on fast net
work determination and energybalance calculations. The system’s protection/control un
its
can also monitor and, if necessary, invoke frequency-basedload shedding. Re-
acceleration by the motor control centersare also featured. The extended load sheddin
g report is foroperator assistance in trouble shooting in case of incidents.In addition to
supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA), the system offers generator control (
including integration with the governor and excitation controller); transformercontrol (in
cluding tap changer control); circuit breaker control(including integration with protection
); motor control (including integration with motor control centers); and power control(inc
luding peak shaving and load sharing). Manual and automatic synchronization, restarti
ng, and monitoring.
Operational advantages
The PMS also allows for a more critical design of your plants’electrical equipment. It re
arranges generation, importation andloading so that the individual generators, reactors
, transformers and tielines operate well within their specification limits.Tight integration
and serial communication with motor control centers (MCCs), protection units, govern
or and excitationcontrollers, variable speed drives and other subsystems reduce both
wiring and maintenance costs, creating substantialsavings.
Power import, generation and frequency and voltage controlare optimized by means of
active and reactive power control. Because of the large number of load shedding groups
and priorities that can be set, load shed actions are limitedto the exact minimum required
. As a result, critical processunits keep receiving power that would otherwise be shed.Th
e restarting function ensures safe recovery after loadshedactions. As a further operation
al benefit, the system providesadvanced control of DLN turbines with low NOx emissionsl
evels. Operators are also given the tools and access theyneed for better control over the
configuration of the electricalnetwork, the set points and statuses of all machines (transf
ormers and generators), and the startup of big motors fromthe central control room. At th
e same time they receive a claroverview of the network configuration (main circuit breake
rsand substation configurations), the network loads and thecontrol system health.

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in the next page.
CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER

1. _______________ test is the checking of an electric circuit to see if the
current flows throughout the circuit.
A. Continuity Test B. Insulation Test C. Earth Resistance Test D. Phase
Sequence Test
2. To carry_________________test, it is acceptable to divide large installation into
sections with groups of outlets.
Sequence Test
3. __________________ test saves motor from its damage due to reverse
rotation.
Sequence Test
4. _______________ test at rated frequency is used to determine the locked
rotor torque (lrt) and current (lra).
A. Load Test B. Insulation Test C. Earth Resistance Test D. Phase
Sequence Test
5. __________________tess saves motors from damages Improper connections
can cause motors to rotate in reverse direction, potentially damaging the
motor and the equipment its powering.
A. Load Test B. Polarization Index (P.I.) Test C. Earth Resistance Test
D. Phase Sequence Test
6. ________________________ test, like short circuit test on a transformer,provide
s the information about leakage impedances and rotorresistance.
A. locked rotor test B. Polarization Index (P.I.) Test C. Earth Resistance Test

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7. _________________________ test are performed for determining the
parameter of the transformer like their sufficiency, voltage regulation, constant
etc.
A. locked rotor test B. Polarization Index (P.I.) Test C. Open/Short Circuit
Test
8. __________________ test is a measurement of isolation.
A. locked rotor test B. Polarization Index (P.I.) Test C. Open/Short Circuit
Test
D. dielectric strength test
You can ask you teacher for the copy of the correct answers.
Score = ___________
Rating: ____________
Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

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ANSWER SHEET
1. A
2. B
3. D
4. A
5. B
6. A
7. C
8. D

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Information Sheet #3 Commissioning Electrical Equipment/System
2.3 Commissioning Electrical Equipment / System
The commissioning of the electrical and mechanical systems within a building is a

part of the ‘handing-over’ process of the new building by the architect and main
contractor to the client or customer in readiness for its occupation and intended use.
To ‘commission’ means to give authority to someone to check that everything is in
working order. If it is out of commission, it is not in working order. Following the
completion, inspection and testing of the new electrical installation, the functional
operation of all the electrical systems must be tested before they are handed over to
the customer. It is during the commissioning period that any design or equipment
failures become apparent, and this testing is one of the few quality controls possible
on a building services installation. This is the role of the commissioning engineer,
who must assure himself that all the systems are in working order and that they work
as they were designed to work. He must also instruct the client’s representative, or
the staff who will use the equipment, in the correct operation of the systems, as part
of the handover arrangements.
The commissioning engineer must test the operation of all the electrical systems,
including the motor controls, the fan and air conditioning systems, the fire alarm and
emergency lighting systems. However, before testing the emergency systems, he
must first notify everyone in the building of his intentions so that alarms may be
ignored during the period of testing.
Commissioning has become one of the most important functions within the building
projects completion sequence. The commissioning engineer will therefore have
access to all relevant contract documents, including the building specifications and
the electrical installation certificates as required by the IEE Regulations (BS 7671),
and have a knowledge of the requirements of the Electricity at Work Act and the

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Health and Safety at Work Act. The building will only be handed over to the client if
the commissioning engineer is satisfied that all the building services meet the design
specification in the contract documents
in the next page:
Say True or False
1. To ‘commission’ means to give authority to someone to check that everything is

in working order.
2. The commission engineer must test the operation of only the electrical systems.
3. Commissioning has become one of the most important functions within the
building projects completion sequence.
4. The commissioning engineer shall not have access in electrical installation
certificate as required by the IEE regulations.
Score = ___________
Rating: ____________

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Name: _________________________ Date: _______________
ANSWER SHEET
1. TRUE
2. FALSE
3. TRUE
4. FALSE

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Information Sheet #4 Responding Unforeseen Events
2.4 Responding Unforeseen Events
Accidents, Malfunctions and Unplanned Events refers to events or upset conditions

that are not part of any activity or normal operation of the Project as has been
planned by North cliff. Even with the best planning and the implementation of
preventative measures, the potential exists for accidents, malfunctions or unplanned
events to occur during any Project phase, and if they occur, for adverse
environmental effects to result if these events are not addressed or responded to in
an environmentally appropriate manner.
Many accidents, malfunctions and unplanned events are, however, preventable and
can be readily addressed or prevented by good planning, design, emergency
response planning, and mitigation. By identifying and assessing the potential for
these events to occur, North cliff can also identify and put in place prevention and
response procedures to minimize or eliminate the potential for significant adverse
environmental effects, should an accidental event occur.
As the Project is being designed, and will be constructed and operated, according to
best practice for health, safety, and environmental protection to minimize the
potential environmental effects that could result from the Project, as well as those
that could result from accidents, malfunctions or unplanned events. Prevention and
mitigation will be accomplished by the following general principles:
 use best management practices and technology for carrying out the Project while
controlling permitted/allowable releases to the environment and consequent
environmental effects;

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 incorporate safety and reliability by design, and application of principles and
practices of process and mine safety management;
 develop and apply procedures and training aimed at safe operation of the facilities
that prevent or avoid the potential upsets that might lead to accidents, malfunctions
or unplanned events; and
 Implement effective emergency preparedness and response.
Chapter 3 provided a discussion of the features of the Project that will accomplish
the safe, reliable, and environmentally responsible implementation of the Project,
as well as how it will be carefully constructed, operated, and ultimately
decommissioned in a manner that minimizes the potential for Accidents,
Malfunctions and Unplanned Events to occur.
The Project design, mitigation, and response procedures implemented as part of the
planning stage of the Project and as adapted throughout the Project life are intended
to minimize the potential for accidents, malfunctions and unplanned events to occur,
and with their development and implementation, the potential for such events to
occur will be greatly reduced. In the unlikely event of an accident, malfunction or
unplanned event, emergency response plans and corrective action procedures will
be implemented to minimize the resulting environmental effects. The Project will
have safety measures built in to mitigate or manage potential upsets, should they
occur. Employees will be trained in operational procedures and environmental
emergency response procedures, including safety measures to prevent and respond
to Accidents, Malfunctions and Unplanned Events.

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in the next page:
Say True or False
1. Accidents, malfunctions and unplanned events refer to unforeseen events or upset
conditions.
2. Many accidents, malfunctions and unplanned events are not preventable and cannot
be readily addressed.
3. Implementing effective emergency preparedness and response is one of the
principles of prevention and mitigation of unforeseen events.
4. Employees should be trained in operational procedures and environmental
emergency response procedures.
5. Emergency response plans and corrective action procedures must not be
implemented to minimize the resulting environmental effects.
Score = ___________
Rating: ____________
Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

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ANSWER SHEET
1. TRUE
2. FALSE
3. TRUE
4. TRUE
5. FALSE

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Revising Records, Electrical Plans and Schematic
Information Sheet #5 Diagrams
2.5 Revising Records, Electrical Plans and Schematic Diagrams
Any modified or additional drawings, information or instructions necessary for the

satisfactory completion of the work shall be revised and recorded. “As Installed”
detail shall be provided to EE in electronic form as well as hard copy. Electronic
documentation is required in the following formats:
All documentation - Adobe Acrobat “pdf”.
Drawings – Micro station “dgn” or compatible.
During the installation a system of records shall be maintained which provides
objective evidence that requirements have been met, including construction in
accordance with applicable standards, construction drawings/plans and
specifications.
All records shall be available for audit and review by EE during the installation. The
records should provide full traceability of all quality characteristics and activities.
During construction activities QA mechanisms such as check sheets, checklists,
inspection & test plans (ITPs) shall be utilized for an EE representative to witness
and sign off.
EE’s QCC auditor shall be present to witness the installation at hold points, as
required by EE, and work shall not proceed past a hold point without EE consent.
Accredited organization and have a current test sticker affixed. The ASP is
responsible for ensuring that test equipment and instrumentation is traceable.

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in the next page.
Fill the Blank Spaces with Appropriate Word(s) or Phrase(s)
1. Any modified or additional drawings, information or instructions necessary for the

satisfactory completion of the work shall be _________________________.
2. During the installation a system of records shall be maintained to meet the
requirements accordance with______________,___________&________________.
3. All records shall be available for audit and review by _________________________.
4. During construction activities mechanisms such as ________, ________, _______ &
__________ shall be utilized for an EE representative to witness and sign off.
Score = ___________
Rating: ____________

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Name: _________________________ Date: _______________
ANSWER SHEET
1. revised and recorded

2. applicable standards, construction plans and specifications
3. IEE during installation
4. Check sheets, check lists, inspection and test plans

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Information Sheet #6 Filling–Out and Submitting Test Data Forms
2.6 Filling–Out and Submitting Test Data Forms
The commissioning agent schedules functional tests through the general contractor
and subcontractors. Under the supervision of the commissioning agent, the installing
subcontractor performs the hardware and/or software manipulations required for the
testing. Owner maintenance staff may also be present in order to assist in system
observations. The commissioning agent witnesses and records the results of functional
performance testing.
Any deficiencies found from functional performance testing will be documented in a

Deficiency Report. The report will include all details of the components or systems
found to be non-compliant with the parameters of the functional performance test
plans and design documents. The deficiency report will become part of the punch list.
The report will detail the adjustments or alterations required to correct the system
operation, and identify the responsible party. The deficiency report will be continuously
updated. The commissioning agent schedules any required retesting through the
general contractor. Decisions regarding deficiencies and corrections are made at as
low a level as possible, preferably between commissioning agent, sub-contractor and
general contractor.

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Self-Check #6 Written Test
in the next page.
Fill the Blank Spaces with Appropriate Word(s) or Phrase(s)
1. The commissioning agent schedules functional tests through the _____________

and ________________________.
2. The installing subcontractor performs the _____________ and/or ___________
manipulations required for the testing.
3. Owner maintenance staff present in order to assist in
system____________________.
4. Any deficiencies found from functional performance testing will be documented in a
________________________Report.
5. Decisions regarding deficiencies and corrections are made at as low a level as
possible, preferably between ________________, ____________ and
____________.
Score = ___________
Rating: ____________
Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

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ANSWER SHEET
1. General contractor and sub-contractors

2. Hardware and/or software
3. Observations
4. Deficiency
5. Commissioning agent, sub-contractor and general manager

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Operation Sheet 2 Testing electrical equipment /system
PURPOSE: - after performing this operation the trainee’s should be able to identifying of
electrical equipment and can perform testing.
Conditions: -
EQUIPMENT AND TOOLS: - combination pliers, multimeter insulation tester,
MATERIALS: - wires, cables, paper, connectors, dividers.
PROCEDURE:
 An electrical testing is performed by using electrical testing devices, other tools and
finally the result is obtained.
General electrical testing Instructions
When test equipment with any of the tools mentioned, observe the following
precautions:
1. Do not attempt to use testing when power is on position
2. When using the testing when power is in on position, make sure make sure that
you are working safely.
3. Make sure all testing devices are properly calibrated and standard.
4. When using any type of testing devices, hold the devices properly.
5. After finishing all tests (commissioning), please collect, clean and return back the
testing instruments and hand tools to their proper positions.
PRECAUTIONS: - Apply all the necessary safety equipments.
QUALITY CRITERIA: - the trainee’s should be able to perform full sectioning of

solid objects by any direction of cut.

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LAP Test 1( learning activity performance or questions
prepared to measure the performance of individuals in the Practical Demonstration
operation sheet )
Name: ___________________________ Date:

______________________
Time started: ________________ Time finished: _______________
Instruction:
1. Show the necessary hand tools and testing devices
2. Wear all the necessary PPE
3. Test electrical equipment according to the standard.
4. Check to remove soldering points.
Name: ___________________________ Date:

______________________
Time started: ________________ Time finished: _______________
Instructions: You are required to perform the following individually with the
presence of your trainer.
1. Show how to identify and test electrical equipment

2. Show the results?
3. Show when commissioning used?

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REFERENCES MATERIALS
1. Advanced Electrical Installation Work FIFTH EDITION
2. Practical Troubleshooting of Electrical Equipment and Control Circuits
3. TTLM

Page 53 of 86
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Industrial Electrical Machines and

Drives Servicing Level II

Learning Guide -39

LG Code: - EEL EMD2 M06 0919 LO2- LG39

TTLM code: - EEL EMD2 M06 0919 V1

LO2:- Commission Electrical

Learning Guide For Industrial Electrical Date: 10/10/2019

Module learning out comes and contents:

Learning Guide For Industrial Electrical Date: 10/10/2019

1. Read the specific objectives of this Learning Guide.

2. Follow the instructions described below

3. Read the information written in the “Information Sheets”. Try to understand

6. If you earned a satisfactory evaluation proceed to “Operation sheets and LAP

8. Then proceed to the next information sheet.

Learning Guide For Industrial Electrical Date: 10/10/2019

2.1 Following Safety Policies and Procedures

One easy way to illustrate the effects of commissioning is to compare a building to a

Now, imagine a person’s body could be commissioned to function at optimal levels. It

According to the National Institute of Building Sciences’ “Whole Building Design

Learning Guide For Industrial Electrical Date: 10/10/2019

Other benefits include a more comfortable environment for building occupants,

Objectives of the Testing and Commissioning (T&C) Works:

(i) To verify proper functioning of the equipment/system after installation; and

There are four primary types of commissioning:

Re-commissioning -Also known as ongoing Cx, the Cx process is repeated after a

Learning Guide For Industrial Electrical Date: 10/10/2019

Monitoring-based commissioning -Known as MBCX, this process involves

Learning Guide For Industrial Electrical Date: 10/10/2019

Choose the Best Answer

Note: Satisfactory rating - 3 points Unsatisfactory - below 3 points

Learning Guide For Industrial Electrical Date: 10/10/2019

2.2 Following Electrical Testing Criteria

2.2.1. CONTINUITY TEST

What is continuity testing?

In electronics, a continuity test is the checking of an electric circuit to see if current

Learning Guide For Industrial Electrical Date: 10/10/2019

Electrical testers are used to check AC and DC voltage, continuity, circuit problems,

Learning Guide For Industrial Electrical Date: 10/10/2019

Learning Guide For Industrial Electrical Date: 10/10/2019

Fig.1. CONTINUITY TEST

2.2.2. ELECTRICAL INSULATION TEST

Electric Motor Insulation Resistance Testing

Electric motor insulation exhibits a negative temperature coefficient, meaning as

Learning Guide For Industrial Electrical Date: 10/10/2019

Learning Guide For Industrial Electrical Date: 10/10/2019

Learning Guide For Industrial Electrical Date: 10/10/2019

How Insulation Resistance is measured?

The Megger insulation tester is essentially a high-range resistance meter

FACTORS AFFECTING INSULATION RESISTANCE READINGS

Learning Guide For Industrial Electrical Date: 10/10/2019

2-point (dead earth) method

3-point (Fall-of-potential) method

Learning Guide For Industrial Electrical Date: 10/10/2019

How Insulation Resistance is Measured Using meger

Learning Guide For Industrial Electrical Date: 10/10/2019

2.2.3. EARTH RESISTANCE TEST

Basically, you're applying a voltage (specifically a highly regulated, stabilized DC

What's the purpose of insulation resistance testing?

How do you perform an insulation resistance test?

Name: ___________ Date: _

Name: ___________ Date: _