C1 ADVANCED

Extra Test 1 Exam Essentials

PAPER 1 R
 eading and Part 1
Use of English Part 2 For questions 1–8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best
PAPER 2 Writing Part 3 fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).
Part 4 Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet.
PAPER 3 Listening
Part 5
PAPER 4 Speaking Part 6 Example:
Part 7 0 A always B never C once D twice
Part 8
0 A B C D

The history of cinnamon

Cinnamon was (0) …….. as valuable as gold. Nowadays, it is much cheaper than it
used to be, but where did this spice originate from and what is its history?

Cinnamon has been in (1) …….. for thousands of years – the earliest traces of it are
found in Egypt. Its (2) …….. people mixed the spice with other ingredients to make
oil and also embalmed the deceased with it. Arabic traders are believed to have
(3) …….. the spice to Europe, where it became increasingly popular. However,
due to the difficult nature of getting the spice to customers, it was notoriously
(4) …….. . Consequently, explorers from Europe set (5) …….. to find places where
cinnamon grew, and in 1518 traders from Portugal found it in Sri Lanka, which was then
(6) …….. as Ceylon. The Portuguese held control of the islands for around 100 years
until the Dutch overthrew them and (7) …….. power. However, by 1800, cinnamon
was no longer thought of as a rare and precious spice and other commodities such as
chocolate started to overtake it in (8) …….. .

Cinnamon has had an intriguing history, but it is still well-used and well-loved all over
the world today.

1 A fashion B form C method D use

2 A ancient B old C antique D ancestor
3 A bought B transported C returned D packaged
4 A cost-effective B priceless C cheap D expensive
5 A up B on C in D off
6 A called B known C said D named
7 A took B held C brought D required
8 A fame B notoriety C popularity D interest

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 C1 ADVANCED

Extra Test 1 Exam Essentials

PAPER 1 R
 eading and Part 1
Use of English Part 2 For questions 9–16, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each
PAPER 2 Writing Part 3 gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).
Part 4 Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet.
PAPER 3 Listening
Part 5
PAPER 4 Speaking Part 6 Example: 0 O F
Part 7
Part 8

Ancient cartoons
The technique of telling a story through a sequence (0) …….. pictures, though
associated with modern cartoons, was in fact in use about 500 years ago. The British
Library in London has some wonderful examples of these early cartoons, all of
(9) …….. were produced to order for wealthy clients. (10) …….. makes this art form
so interesting is that it flourished in one small part of Europe – Flanders, today a
region of northern Belgium – (11) …….. to die out as printing was developed.

Many of the tiny pictures were (12) …….. larger than a postage stamp. They
were painted by hand in books about the size of a modern paperback. The artists,
(13) …….. skills were rewarded by high salaries, worked slowly, and the buyers
sometimes had to wait years for the work to be completed. In the (14) …….. of one
four-volume example, the buyer waited for well (15) …….. a decade.

The cartoons show a variety of subjects, but episodes from history were popular,
(16) …….. were fairy tales.

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 C1 ADVANCED

Extra Test 1 Exam Essentials

PAPER 1 R
 eading and Part 1
Use of English Part 2 For questions 17–24, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end
PAPER 2 Writing Part 3 of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an
Part 4 example at the beginning (0).
PAPER 3 Listening
Part 5 Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet.
PAPER 4 Speaking Part 6
Part 7 Example: 0 C R E A T O R
Part 8

Sir Arthur Conan Doyle

Famous the world over as the (0) …….. of Sherlock Holmes, CREATE
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle was born in Edinburgh in 1859
into an Irish family who were (17) …….. in the art world. INFLUENCE
Arthur probably inherited the ability to tell stories from
his mother, who was a source of (18) …….. to him. INSPIRE

Thanks to the (19) …….. of some relatives, Arthur was GENEROUS

able to study medicine at Edinburgh University. He
was a bright student, but (20) …….., and his zest for REST
adventure led him to accept a contract as ship’s
surgeon. Returning home, he completed his (21) …….. MEDICINE
studies in 1881, and eventually settled in the south
of England.

It is believed that Doyle based Holmes’ character on

one of his university tutors, Dr Joseph Bell, whom
he regarded with (22) …….. for his powers of logic. ADMIRE
The first Sherlock Holmes story was received with
such (23) …….. that Doyle was encouraged to write more. ENTHUSE
In 1893 he killed off his hero in order to concentrate on
writing what he saw as more serious work, but this
caused a public (24) …….., and he was forced to bring CRY
Holmes back to life.

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Extra Test 1 Exam Essentials

PAPER 1 R
 eading and Part 1
Use of English Part 2 For questions 25–30, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning
PAPER 2 Writing Part 3 to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must
Part 4 use between three and six words, including the word given. Here is an example (0).
PAPER 3 Listening
Part 5 Example:
PAPER 4 Speaking Part 6
0 Jane regretted speaking so rudely to the old lady.
Part 7
Part 8 MORE

Jane ……………………………………. politely to the old lady.

Example: 0 WISHED SHE HAD SPOKEN MORE

Write only the missing words IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet.

25 Sally showed absolutely no fear when climbing the wall.

DISREGARD
Sally showed .......................................................... own safety when climbing
the wall.

26 The identity of the murderer was never discovered.

NEVER
The police .......................................................... was.

27 ‘It’s not a good idea to call Leo just yet,’ Valerie told me.
AGAINST
Valerie advised .......................................................... for a while.

28 It was only after I left the office that I realised I had forgotten the file.
DID
Only after .......................................................... I had forgotten the file.

29 If I lose this match, people will never let me forget it!

LIVE
If I lose this match, I .......................................................... down!

30 Internal Affairs are investigating allegations of police fraud.

INTO
Allegations of police fraud .......................................................... Internal Affairs.

© 2021 Cengage Learning, Inc. C1 Advanced Extra Test 144 PAPER 1 Reading and Use of English44 Part 4 4
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 C1 ADVANCED

Extra Test 1 Exam Essentials

PAPER 1 R
 eading and Part 1
Use of English Part 2 You are going to read a newspaper article. For questions 31–36, choose the answer
PAPER 2 Writing Part 3 (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text.
Part 4 Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet.
PAPER 3 Listening
Part 5
PAPER 4 Speaking Part 6
Part 7
Part 8

Saving the big birds

At first glance, why anyone would want to save California condors is not entirely clear. Unlike the closely
related Andean condors with their white neck fluff or king vultures with their brilliant black-and-white colouring,
California condors are not much to see. Their dull black colour – even when contrasted with white underwings –
featherless head and neck, oversized feet and blunt talons are hardly signs of beauty or strength. Their appeal
begins to become evident when they take flight. With a nine-and-a-half-feet wingspan and a weight of up to
28 pounds, California condors are North America’s largest fully flighted birds. In the Americas, only Andean
condors are bigger. California condors can soar almost effortlessly for hours, often covering hundreds of miles a
day – far more than other birds. Only occasionally do they need to flap their wings – to take off, change direction
or find a band of warm air known as a thermal to carry them higher.

When it was discovered that the condor population was becoming dangerously small, scientists and zookeepers
sought to increase condor numbers quickly to preserve as much of the species’ genetic diversity as possible.
From studying wild condors, they already knew that if a pair lost an egg, the birds would often yield another.
So the first and sometimes second eggs laid by each female in captivity were removed, artificially incubated,
and the chicks raised using hand-held puppets made to look like adult condors. Such techniques quickly proved
effective.

Despite these achievements, the effort to save California condors continues to have problems. Survival rates of
captive-hatched condors released to the wild are, for some people, too low, and some have had to be recaptured
after they acted foolishly or became ill. As a result, the scientists, zookeepers and conservationists who are
concerned about condors have bickered among themselves over the best ways to rear and release the birds.

Some of the odd behaviour on the part of these released birds is hard to explain. At times they landed on
people’s houses and garages, walked across roads and airport runways, sauntered into park visitor centres and
takeaway restaurants, and took food offered by picnickers and fishermen. None are known to have perished by
doing so, though. More seriously, one condor died from drinking what was probably antifreeze. Others died
in collisions with overhead electrical transmission wires, drowned in natural pools of water, or were killed by
golden eagles and coyotes. Still others were shot by hunters and killed or made seriously ill from lead poisoning.
Some just disappeared. Most recently, some of the first chicks hatched in the wild died after their parents fed
them bottle caps, glass shards, pieces of plastic and other man-made objects that fatally perforated or blocked
their intestines. These deaths may be due to the chicks’ parents mistaking man-made objects for bone chips
eaten for their calcium content.

Mike Wallace, a wildlife specialist at the San Diego Zoo, has suggested that some of the condors’ problems
represent natural behaviour that helps them survive as carrion eaters. The real key to successful condor
reintroduction, he believes, lies in properly socialising the young birds as members of a group that follow and
learn from older, preferably adult birds. That, he argues, was missing from earlier condor releases to the wild.
Typically, condors hatched in the spring were released to the wild that autumn or winter, when they were still
less than a year old. Especially in the early releases, the young condors had no adults or even older juveniles
to learn from and keep them in their place. Instead, the only other condors they saw in captivity and the wild
were ones their own age. Now, condor chicks at several zoos are raised in cave-like nest boxes. The chicks can
see older condors in a large flight pen outside their box but cannot interact with them until they are about five
months old. Then the chicks are gradually released into the pen and the company of the social group. The group
includes adult and older juvenile condors that act as mentors for younger ones. It is hoped that this socialisation
programme will help the birds adapt to the wild when they are released.

5 C1 Advanced Extra Test 144 PAPER 1 Reading and Use of English44 Part 5 © 2021 Cengage Learning, Inc.
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 31 What does the writer say is the California condor’s most impressive feature?
A The height at which it can fly.
B The range of colours it displays.
C The way it glides through the air.
D The similarity it has to the Andean condor.

32 In the initial stage of the conservation programme,

A eggs were taken from the nests of wild condors.
B female condors were captured and studied carefully.
C scientists and zookeepers tried to create genetic diversity.
D condors were encouraged to produce more eggs.

33 What does the writer say in the third paragraph about the attempts to save
California condors from extinction?
A Freed condors have tried to return to the places where they were born.
B There is disagreement about the breeding methods employed.
C The majority of birds reintroduced into the wild have died.
D Attempts to breed condors in captivity have failed.

34 In the fourth paragraph, the writer says that some of the condors released into
the wild
A adapted surprisingly quickly to their new surroundings.
B displayed a tendency to seek out human contact.
C died from ingesting too much fast food.
D kept altering their eating habits.

35 According to Mike Wallace, there will be fewer problems

A if young condors are taught appropriate behaviour by mature birds.
B if the chicks are surrounded by older birds when they hatch.
C if young condors are trained not to eat so much carrion.
D if the chicks are kept in special boxes for five months.

36 The main purpose of the article appears to be

A to evaluate the need to preserve the California condor.
B to gain support for the California condor conservation project.
C to examine developments in the California condor conservation
programme.
D to analyse factors surrounding the California condors’ failure to adapt to
the wild.

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