“A STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE REGARDING

FIRST-AID OF BURNS AMONG MOTHERS OF UNDER 5

YEARS OF AGE CHILDREN

AT SANTOSH NAGAR, HYDERABAD, T.S”.

BY

MR. N. RAMESH

MR. RASHID

In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Bachelor of

Science in Nursing. Under the guidance of

MRS.RENU JACOB (M.Sc. Nursing)

DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL-SURGICAL NURSING

OWAISI COLLEGE OF NURSING HYDERABAD

Affiliated to NTR University of Health Science Vijayawada.

 CERTIFICATE BY THE PRINCIPAL

This is to certify that the dissertation entitled “A STUDY TO ASSES

THE KNOWLEDGE REGARDING FIRST-AID AMONG
MOTHERS OF CHILDREN (5 YEARS) AT SANTOSH NAGAR
HYDERABAD.” Is a bonafide research carried out by Mr. RAMESH
AND RASHID students of BSc nursing 4th year, Owaisi College of
Nursing, Hyderabad, in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the
degree of the Bachelors of the science in Nursing from the Dr.NTR
University of Health Sciences, Vijayawada.

DATE SIGNATURE OF THE PRINCIPAL

PLACE Prof.Mrs. SHAHNAZ BEE
HOD of Obstetrics and gynaecology,
Owaisi College of Nursing
Hyderabad.
 CERTIFICATE BY THE GUIDE

This is to certify that the dissertation entitled “A STUDY TO ASSESS

THE KNOWLEDGE REGARDING FIRST-AID AMONG
MOTHERS OF CHILDREN (5 YEARS) AT SANTOSH NAGAR
HYDERABAD.” Is a bonafide carried out by Mr. RAMESH AND
RASHID under the guidance of MRS RENU JACOB, (MSc N) Assit.
Prof, Owaisi College of Nursing, Hyderabad, in partial fulfillment of the
requirement for the degree of the Bachelors of the science in Nursing
from the Dr.NTR University of Health Sciences, Vijayawada.

DATE SIGNATURE OF THE GUIDE

PLACE Mrs.RENU JACOB
M.Sc. (N) Asst. Prof,
Dept. of Medical Surgical Nursing
 DECLARATION BY THE CANDIDATE
We hereby declare that this project titled
“A STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE REGARDING
FIRST-AID AMONG MOTHERS OF CHILDREN 5 YEARS AT
SANTOSH NAGAR, HYDERABAD”.
Is a bonafide and genuine work carried out by Mr N. Ramesh and Rashid
under the guidance of
MRS.RENU JACOB, M.SC. Nursing,
(Medical-Surgical Nursing),
Owaisi College of Nursing, Hyderabad.

Date: Signature of the candidates

Place: Hyderabad N.RAMESH

RASHID

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
We praise and thank lord Almighty whose abundant grace and blessings enabled us to
complete tins study.
It gives us a great pleasure to express our sincere thanks to the management of Owaisi
College CI Nursing and Owaisi Hospital research center, I Hyderabad, for giving us an
opportunity to undertake the graduation course in this institution and to conduct the study.

We open our sincere gratitude to Prof. Mrs. Shahnaz Bee (HOD) of Obstetrics and
Gynaecology), Principal, Owaisi College of Nursing. for her valuable guidance and
Persuasion throughout the study.

We also express our sincere gratitude to our class coordinator Mrs. Shahnaz Bee (HOD)
of Obstetrics and Gynaecological Nursing), Principal, nursing coordinator, for
extending her valuable suggestions and guidance throughout this study.

We shall forever be indebted and grateful to our respected guide Mrs. Renu Jacob (M.Sc.
N), Asst. prof, Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, for the successful completion of this
dissertation, her innovative ideas, support, constructive suggestions and practical help which
proved essential for this study at various stages of this work.
We express our thanks to Mrs. Shailaja, M.Sc. Nursing, Department of Child Health
Nursing. Mrs. Reena Raj, department of community health nursing, Mrs. Karuna
Kumari, Department of Midwifery and obstetrical Nursing, and all faculty members of
Owaisi College of Nursing, for their encouragement and constant support throughout the
study.

We wish to thanks our Librarian for her valuable help and allowing us to use the library
materials and helping us in gathering the material for the project.

We extend our sincere thanks to the Medical officer of Urban Primary Health Centre
Madannapet, Santosh Nagar for granting us permission to conduct the study and we also
thankful to all the staff of the UPHC_ who wholeheartedly extended their co-operation and
participation in this study.
It's a great pleasure to express our heartful gratitude to our parents for their prayers,
unconditional love_ support and their encouragement throughout the study.
The bird that remembers its flock mates never missed the way. my heartful thanks to our
friends, well-wishers for their support & co-operation.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
“Commit thy works unto the Lord, and thy thoughts shall be
established”
We thank the god almighty for showering his blessings and filling us with knowledge
and also for strengthening and guiding us to complete this project.
It is a sense of honor and pride for us to put on record our sincere thanks to
Mrs.Renu Jacob. M.Sc. (N) Owaisi college of nursing for her excellent enthusiastic
and constant guidance and support in the preparation and completion of the study
successfully.
We express our sincere thanks and gratitude to our principal Owaisi College of
nursing for her timely help and blessing.
We highly indebted to our beloved faculty, especially to for their meticulous
encouragement and their help which enabled to complete the study.
We also take this opportunity to express our sincere appreciation to my parents and
well-wishers for their unending love, faith, understanding and support throughout
this study.
We beholden to all mothers of under 5 children at Santosh Nagar for their
willingness and cooperation in this study.
Finally, we express our deep sense of gratitude to the management and staff of classic
documentation center for the final printing of thesis.
Once again, we express our sincere gratitude for the support of all the good-hearted
people who have helped us to make this thesis to be a perfect one, may God bless
them.

INDEX
SL.NO CHAPTERS PAGE NO
1 INTRODUCTION 1

Background of the study 1

Need for the study 3

Statement of the problem 4

Objectives of the study 4

Operational definitions 4

Variables 4

Assumptions 5

Conceptual framework 6

2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 10

3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 13

Research approach 15

Research design 14

The setting of the study 15

Population 16

Sample; sample size; sampling technique 16

Criteria for selection of the sample 16

Developmental description of the tool 16

Validity of tool 18

Ethical considerations 18

Pilot study 18

Reliability of the tool 18

Method of data collection 16

Score interpretation 17

4 ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA 19

Section-I: frequency & distribution of sample

Section-II: frequency & percentage distribution of sample according to the total

level of knowledge

Section-III: the relationship between the level of knowledge & demographic

variables

5 SUMMARY 50

6 BIBLIOGRAPHY 53

7 ANNEXURE 57

LIST OF TABLES
SL.NO TITLE PAGE NO

1 Frequency, percentage, distribution of sample according to age. 21

2 Frequency, percentage, distribution of sample according to religion. 22

3 Frequency, percentage, distribution of sample according to marital status. 25

4 Frequency, percentage, distribution of sample according to education 27

status

5 Frequency, percentage, distribution of sample according to occupation. 29

6 Frequency, percentage, distribution of sample according to income. 31

7 Frequency, percentage, distribution of sample according to area of work. 33

8 Percentage distribution of sample according to level of knowledge. 35

9 The relationship between the level of knowledge and age group. 37

10 The relationship between the level of knowledge and religion. 39

11 The relationship between the level of knowledge and marital status. 41

12 The relationship between the level of knowledge and education. 41

13 The relationship between the level of knowledge e and occupation. 43

14 The relationship between the level of knowledge and income. 45

15 The relationship between the level of knowledge and area of work 47

LIST OF FIGURES
SL.NO FIGURE PAGE
NO:

1. Conceptual frame work 8

2. Research design 14

3. Graph showing percentage distribution according to age of mothers 22

4. Graph showing percentage distribution according to religion of mothers 24

5. Graph showing percentage distribution according to marital status of mothers 26

6. Graph showing percentage distribution according to education of mothers 28

7. Graph showing percentage distribution according to occupation of mothers 30

8. Graph showing percentage distribution according to income of mothers 32

9. Graph showing percentage distribution according to area of work. 34

10 Graph showing percentage distribution according to the total level of knowledge of

the mothers

11 Graph showing the association between knowledge score and age of the mothers 38

12 Graph showing the association between knowledge score and religion of the mothers 40

13 Graph showing the association between knowledge score and marital status of the 42
mothers

14 Graph showing the association between knowledge score and education the mothers

15 Graph showing the association between knowledge score and occupation of the 44
mothers

16 Graph showing the association between knowledge score and income of the mothers 46

17 Graph showing the association between knowledge score and area of work of the 48
mothers

LIST OF ANNEXURES
SL.NO ANNEXURES PAGE NO

1 Annexure I- Letter seeking permission 58

2 Annexure II- conduct validity for questionnaire 59-61

3 Annexure III- structured questionnaire and key. 62-68

CHAPTER I
 INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION

"Health is wealth and prevention is better than cure, Health is an essential factor for a happy
and contented life."
 Skin is the heaviest and most beautiful organ. It is the organ which gives external
beauty to the person it is the protective covering to the body skin acts as the blood
reservoir. It contributes to thermoregulation it provides barriers that protect all internal
organ from damaging agents in the external environment. A burn can affect any person at
any time in any place burns all the age groups burns injuries that result from direct contact
with or exposure to any thermal chemical and radiation source.

Burn injuries occur when energy from a heat source is transferred to the tissues of the body.
Heat may be transferred through conduction or electromagnetic radiation. Injuries that
results from direct contact with or exposure to any thermal, chemical, electrical or radiation
sources are termed as burns.

Most burns only affect the skin (epidermal tissue and dermis). Tissue destruction results
from coagulation, protein denaturation, or ionization of cellular contents. The skin and the
mucosa of the upper airways are the sites of tissue destruction. Rarely deeper tissues, such
as muscle, bone and blood vessels can also be injured.

Burns are the leading cause of death and disability for children over the age of one in
many industrialized countries. A child’s environment plays a critical role, both in the
occurrence and the severity of a burn injury. Most burn injuries take place in or near child’s
home where unsafe play areas and play things may often be found, as well as access to
chemicals, medicines, poisons and other dangers. Age, sex and economic factors are
important determinants of accident incidence and severity, not only are children particularly
prone to accidents, but also the types of accident depend on age. Under five years’ age
children tend to be more at risk for burns, suffocation and falls.

According to WHO (2001), an estimated 685,000 children under age of five were died by
unintentional accidents mostly from burns. Children under five have the highest fall,
drowning mortality rate in the world.

Child Welfare Gateway, 2013 states that neglect by the parents/caregiver is the
cause of highest incidence (71.4%) of under five children accidents. Other causes of under
five children accidents include the mothers who are going to Job and increase eagerness in
watching tele serials among the mothers especially the home makers.
The aim of the present study is to find out the level of knowledge regarding first aid
management of burns among mothers having under five children and safety practice at
home on their understanding and their practice towards the use of first aid management.

Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the
absence of a disease or infirmity. A disease is a particular abnormal condition that affects
part or all of an organism and that consists of a disorder that of a structure or function.

First aid is the immediate treatment necessary for the purpose of preserving life and
minimizing the consequences of injury or illness unit expert medical assistance can be
obtained. It also includes the initial treatment of burn injuries which will not need treatment
by a medical fractioned. First aid has been given to wounded and sick people since accident
time the idea of first aid was conceived by general and Smirch a famous German surgeon.
Formation of St. John ambulance association in 1877 was the beginning of an organized
worldwide effort at giving first aid.

Managing the burns is important because they are common, painful and can result in
disfiguring and disabling scaring.

NEED FOR THE STUDY

Burns is worldwide and related to the injury that occurs from a heat source
transferred to the tissue of the body. It affects at the age groups and can occur at any time.
 The incidence of burn patients is increasing due to exposure to radiation, infectious
smoke moist heat, accidents, suicides and psychological problems. There are about 1.1
million people who requiring acute hospital admission. Studies show that 50% of burns are
caused in individuals below 20 years of age and 30% of burns are caused in children.

Burns and fires are a leading cause of accidental death in children and adults, and
account for an estimated 3,275 adult and child deaths per year. Nearly 75% of all scalding
burns in children are preventable. Toddlers and children are more often burned by a
scalding or flames. Most children ages 4 and under who are hospitalized for burn-related
injuries suffer from scald burn (65%) or contact burns (20%). Hot tap water burns cause
more deaths and hospitalizations than burns from any other hot liquids.

In general, “the successful man in life is the man who has the best information there
for the present study to assess the knowledge regarding the first aid of burns among the
mothers having children (under 5 years) to give the best knowledge about the first aid of
burns to the mothers to avoid the further complication of the burns and the wounds formed
by the burns.

PROBLEM STATEMENT
A STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE REGARDING FIRST-AID OF BURNS AMONG
MOTHERS OF CHILDREN UNDER 5 YEARS AGE AT SANTOSH NAGAR, HYDERABAD, T.S.
 OBJECTIVES:
 The objectives were
1. A study to assess the level of knowledge regarding the first aid of burns among
mothers of under five years of age children at Santosh Nagar Hyderabad TS.
2. To assess the safety practice to find the association between knowledge and score
regarding first aid of burns among mothers of under five years of age children at
Santosh Nagar Hyderabad.

OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS:
1. ASSESS:
It refers to determining, declining the quality and level of knowledge regarding first
aid for burn injuries.
2. KNOWLEDGE:
It refers to the fact of knowledge or level of understanding.
3. FIRST AID:
First Aid is the immediate treatment, (or) Emergency Care is given to an ill (or)
injured the person.
4. BURNS:
It is a transfer of energy from a heat source to the body causing destruction of the
tissue
5. MOTHERS:
Mothers who is having children under 5 years of age.
6. VARIABLES:
Variables are an attribute of a person or object that varies or take different values.

Independent variable: questionnaire.

Dependent variable: Knowledge on first aid for burns injuries.
Demographic variables: Age, gender, religion, education, occupation, income,
marital status, and area of work.

ASSUMPTION:
The researchers assume that:
 Mothers may have some knowledge regarding First Aid burns.
 Mothers level of knowledge is influenced by Demographic Variables
  Structured questionnaire can be an effective tool.
 The mothers are selected for this study will co-operate and respond appropriately to
the item in the questionnaire.
 That the questionnaire will help them in getting knowledge and aware of the
emergency management of burns.

DELIMITATIONS:
 The study is limited for a period of 4 weeks.
 The study is limited to 60 samples.
 The study is limited to mother having children at selected area.

RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS:
There is a significant relationship in the association between demographical variables and
the level of knowledge on first aid for burns.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
A conceptual framework is a group ofconcept and set of proportions that spell out the
relationship between them.

(KOZIER)
The conceptual frameworkplays several interrelated roles in the progress of science. Their
overall purpose is to make scientific findings meaningful and generalized them. A conceptual
framework deals with abstractions that are assembled by virtue of relevance to a common
phenomenon. The conceptual Model used for this study is based on ROY'S Adaptation
theory. Roy credits the work of Ludwig von Bertalanffy"s (1968) general system theory and
Helson's (1964) adaptation theory as underlying Roy's model.

Roy States that the recipient of nursing care may be the person, a family, a group, a
community, a society. Each is considered by a nurse as a holistic adaptive system. The idea
of an adaptive system combines the concepts of adaptation and system. The constant
interaction of persons with their environment is characterized by both internal and external
changes. The adaptive system has input coming from the external environment as well as
input coming internally from the person. Roy identifies input as stimulus. a stimulus is a unit
of information matter or energy from the environment or from within the person that elicits
a response. Along with the stimuli, the adaptation level of the range of stimuli to which the
person can adaptively respond with orderly effect. Each person's adaptation level is a
constantly changing aspect which is influenced by the coping mechanisms of that person.

Outputs of the person as a system are the behaviour of the person. Output behaviors' can
be both external and internal. This behaviour may be observed measured, or subjectively
reported output behavior to become feed back to the system. Roy's has categorized outputs
of the system as either adaptive responses or ineffective responses. Adaptive responses are
those that promote the integrity behaviourally demonstrated when the person is able to
meet the goals in terms of survival growth reproduction and mastery. Ineffective responses
do not support these goals. Roy has used the mechanism to describe the controlled process
of the person as an adaptive system. Roy presents a unique nursing science concept of the
control mechanism. These mechanisms are called the regulator and cognate.

The regulator system has the system of input internal process and output; cognate system
stimuli to the cognate system are also both external and internal in origin. Output behavior
of the regulator system can be feedback to the cognate system.

In the present study, input refers to the assessment of demographic variables like age,
gender, religion, marital status, education, income and the area of work.
Cognate sub system responds through four cognitive emotional channels.

Those are

1. Perceptual and informational processing

2. Learning
3. Judgement
4. Emotion
 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF LITERATURE
 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
The term review of literature refers to activities involved in identifying and searching for
information on a topic and developing and understanding of the state of knowledge of the
topic the term in also designate a written summary of the state of the out on research
problem.
The investigation carried out an extensive review of literature on the research topic
in order to gain deeper insight into the problem as well as to collect maximum relevant
information for building up the study the study the was accomplished by using Medline
internet and surveyed the latest journals and books. In the present study review of
literature is organised to assess the knowledge regarding the first aid of burns. The review
of literature is defined as a broad comprehensive is depth systematic and critical review of
scholarly publication and publics print material and visual matter and personal
communication. This chapter deals with the review of literature related to present study
review of Research and Analysis literature related to study was undertaken which helped
researcher to develop deeper inside into the problem and gain information on what has
been done in the past.

A descriptive study was conducted to gain an in depth understanding of people’s

perceptions of childhood burns and their prevention. The sample consists of 60 mothers of
children under 5 years of age. The study was conducted in urban area. The researcher found
that home as the most common place for childhood burn injuries and the household
members or caregivers responsible because of their lack of supervision and carelessness
regarding first aid of burns, the mothers reported prevailing harmful practices which are
likely to make injuries worse. The researcher concluded that, a safety education programme
could be an effective intervention to improve knowledge and practices of parents with
regard to prevention of burn injuries in children.

According to pilot review of literature is a board, comprehensive in depth Systematic and

critical review scholarly Publications unpublished scholarly print materials, audio visual
materials and personal communications.

“A literature review is a complication of the resources that provide the groundwork for
future study”.

Kamel, et al., (2014) carried out a study in Egypt, in Damares village, El-Minia, with
objectives to measure the types and incidence of home injuries in rural areas affecting the
children aged up to 5 years. This cross-sectional and a descriptive study included 283
mothers as sample and structured interview was conducted to elicit the response. The
results revealed that at the previous 8 weeks, 39.8% of the children suffered from home
injuries and burn were 11.9%.
Riyadh K. Lafta et al.,(2013) conducted a cross-sectional study to assess Mothers'
knowledge of domestic accident prevention involving children in Baghdad City. The results
revealed that more than 90% had poor knowledge in preventing electrical accidents. Only
10.2% of the mothers were found to have a good level of knowledge and 9.2% of the
mothers had good level of knowledge in prevention of injuries from chemicals and
detergents. Higher educated mothers were statistically associated with a lower level of
knowledge in accident prevention. Mothers with more children and those whose children
had previously been involved in an accident were found to have a better level of knowledge.

Suguna T.C. et al.,(2015) conducted a study on “ mother’s awareness about domestic

accidents among children, Sample size was 300. Data on nature and types of domestic
accidents showed that 54.7% had adequate knowledge, 25.3% had average knowledge, 20%
of the population had inadequate knowledge. Data on first aid of domestic accidents show
that, 48.7% had average knowledge, 31.6 % had adequate knowledge and 19.7% of the
population had inadequate knowledge. Data on prevention of domestic accidents show that
43.3% had average knowledge, 41% population had adequate knowledge 15.7% of the
population had inadequate knowledge regarding preventive measures of domestic accident.
Knowledge on domestic accidents seems to have significant association with age of the
women, religion of the women, and family’s monthly income of the women.

Riyadh K. Lafta et al.,(2013) conducted a cross-sectional study to assess Mothers'

knowledge of domestic accident prevention involving children in Baghdad City. The results
revealed that more than 90% had poor knowledge in preventing electrical accidents. Only
10.2% of the mothers were found to have a good level of knowledge and 9.2% of the
mothers had good level of knowledge in prevention of injuries from chemicals and
detergents. Higher educated mothers were statistically associated with a lower level of
knowledge in accident prevention. Mothers with more children and those whose children
had previously been involved in an accident were found to have a better level of knowledge.

Roy M kimble (2007)A descriptive study was conducted among 130 families in Australia,
who have children ages 1-5 years. Among the 130 families, a total 53 children (40.8%)
experienced a burn event, among twenty-seven subjects (51%) had treated the burn with
inappropriate remedies including tooth paste, tomato paste, ice water to burn site, 21
patients (39.6%) applied only cold water and 7 patients (13.2%) used another substance
along with cold water. In addition, 13 subjects (24.5%) applied ice directly on the skin at the
time of burn. Based on these observations, it is suggested that educational programmes
emphasizing first aid application of only cold water to burn injuries would be helpful in
reducing morbidity and mortality rates. A nationwide educational program is needed to
ensure that young burn victims receive appropriate first aid and to reduce the use of
inappropriate home remedies and burn morbidity.

Shriyan, et al., (2014) conducted a cross-sectional study on the profile of unintentional

injury among under five children in coastal Karnataka, India from October to November,
2014 attending the anganwadis in Udupi Taluk. Time frame located convenient sampling
method was adopted and a total of 95 mothers of children under-five were interviewed by
using interviewer administered semi structured questionnaire. The results revealed that the
prevalence of unintentional injuries among under-five children was 46.3% and the
commonest causes of the injuries were due to burns. From the study it can be concluded
that the prevalence of unintentional injuries among under-five children was high.

Bansal and Dalal, 2013 A descriptive study was conducted on knowledge regarding first aid
of burns and their prevention by primary care givers in selected areas of Singapore. A cross
sectional nationwide study with a stage stratified random sampling was conducted to obtain
data by parents and given a multiple-choice questionnaire. Results revealed that the
primary care givers had a poor knowledge on home accidents and first aid of burns
because only 38% of care givers obtained information from health personnel. Finally
concluded that a need to educate parents and care givers on burn injuries.

Georgia Child Fatality Review, (2015) A descriptive study conducted on mother’s knowledge
of first aid was assessed using a questionnaire comprising 31 multiple choice questions. The
results showed that approximately three-quarters of the mothers correctly answered 70%
of the questions. Whilst higher intelligence and previous training in first aid were shown to
associated with better scores. The effects were small. Some aspects of first aid which
deserve more emphasis in training causes were identified this found that first aid training is
essential.

Debnath, et al., (2014) assessed the knowledge of mothers regarding domestic burns
injuries and safety measures adopted in a cross-sectional study among 230 rural mothers of
west Tripura district during May to June 2012. A semi structured interview schedule which
was pretested was used to collect the information and the sampling technique used was a
systematic random sampling. Only 3.9% met burn injuries. Out of which 6 (66.7%) of
respondents ‘children 3 were treated at home, remaining at hospital and all of them
recovered. The reported incidence of burn injury was low that might have been due to
under reporting.

Dr. Joel Fish. (2013) A Descriptive study was conducted in understanding child injuries in
selected areas of Ontario, Canada. A sample of 150 mothers used in study and collected
data by multi method strategies (questionnaire and interview) were used to study burn
injuries over a 3 months’ period. The findings of study burn wounds were the most common
injuries, occurred in the morning. Analysis and results showed that both child (risk taking)
and parents (protectiveness) and significant determinants of child injury.
CHAPTER II

RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
 RESEARCH DESIGN
RESEARCH APPROACH Descriptive approach

PURPOSE
To assess the knowledge regarding the First-aid of burns among mothers of
children under 5 years’ age at UPHC Madannapet, Santosh Nagar, Hyderabad.

RESEARCH DESIGN: Non-experimental research design

STUDY SETTING: Santosh Nagar, Hyderabad, TS.

TARGET POPULATION: Mothers of Santosh Nagar

ACCESSIBLE POPULATION
Mothers having children under 5 years of age

METHOD OF
SAMPLE SAMPLING:
SIZE 60 Simple
MOTHERS Random
Method

DATA COLLECTION METHOD

Structured questionnaire

Below Average Average Above Average

METHODOLOGY

The methodology is the most important part of research study enables the researcher to
form the blueprint of research undertaken. Research methodology involves the systematic
procedure by which the research starts from the time of initial identification &the problem
to its final conclusion.

Kothari. CR defined that the methodology of research indicates the general pattern of
organizing the procedure of gathering vaIid and reliable data for the problems under
investigation.

The present study was to assess of knowledge regarding first aid of burns among mothers of
children under five years’ Urban primary health centre at madannapet, Santosh Nagar,
Hyderabad.

This chapter deals with various steps involved and undertaken to gather and organizing data
for the study. It includes research approach, research design, the setting of the study, a
population of the study sample, simple sample technique, criteria for sample collection,
development of the tool, description of the tool, content validity, reliability, pilot study, data
collection. procedure for data collection and plan for data analysis.

RESEARCH APPROACH:

Descriptive research is the exploration and description of phenomena in real life situation, it
provides an accurate account of the character of particular individual situation or groups.

(BT BASAVANTHAPPA)

The research approach adapted for this study is descriptive approach.

RESEARCH DESIGN

It is the overall plan for a research study.

(BT BASAVANTHAPPA)

The research design used for this study is non-experimental research design.

SETTING OF THE STUDY

It is defined as the location for conducting study.

(BT BASAVANTHAPPA)

It can be natural partially controlled or highly controlled. The present study was conducted
at Santosh Nagar Hyderabad.
POPULATION

Population was the entire aggregation of cases which met designated setup criteria.

- (PILOT AND HUNGER)

In the present study target population are Santosh Nagar mothers having children and
accessible population are mothers having children under 5 years’ age at Santosh Nagar
Hyderabad.

SAMPLE

It is the group of people that are taken from the population for measurement.

- (BT BASAVANTHAPPA)

In the present study mothers of Santosh Nagar is the sample.

SAMPLE SIZE

Sample size is the number of subjects needed in a sample. The sample size for the study was
60.

SAMPLE TECHNIQUE

It is the process of selecting a sample from the target population.

- (PILOT AND HUNGER)

Simple random sampling was adapted for the study.

CRITERIA FOR SAMPLE COLLECTIONS

METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION

It is precise systematic gathering of information relevant to the research purpose. Hence the
researcher developed structured questionnaire to collect information. A formal written
information was obtained from mothers at Santosh Nagar, Hyderabad. Data was gathered
by using simple random method.

DEVELOPMENT AND DESCRIPTION OF THE TOOL

The tool was developed on the related studies, informal discussion with experts, based on
review of literature and objectives of the study.

The structured questionnaire was prepared to “ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE REGARDING FIRST-
AID OF BURNS AMONG THE MOTHERS OF CHILDREN (UNDER 5 YEARS AGE) AT SANTOSH
NAGAR, HYDERABAD, T.S.”

The tool used in the study was divided into 2 sections:

Section A: consists of demographic variables.

Section B: consist of questionnaire schedule which consists of 25 multiple choice questions

regarding first-aid of burns. A score of 1 to the right answer and 0 to the wrong developed.
The score interpreted in the following manner –
Below average less than 50% (score less than 10)
Average knowledge 50-75% (score 11-20)

Above average knowledge more than 75% (score more than 20).

 Chi square test was computed to find the association between the knowledge with
selected demographic variables of mothers.
PILOT STUDY:

It is the study carried out at the end of planning phase to research, in order to explore and
test the research elements. The function of pilot study is to obtain information regarding
accessibility and feasibility of the study. After obtaining written formal permission, pilot
study was conducted from 27-31 March 2019 at Santosh Nagar, Hyderabad, T.S. A sample of
5 mothers was selected and the data was gathered for the pilot study.

CONTENT VALIDITY

The constructed tool was given to 3 experts for content validity.

RELIABILITY:

The reliability tool was elicited by using split- half method.   sample of five mothers were
chosen. The reliability was calculated by using karl pearson formula R is calculated reliable
i.e., 0.85. This indicates that the tool was reliable.

PROCEDURE FOR DATA COLLECTION

Data Collection is the resize a systematic gathering of information relevant to the research
purpose.
- (BT BASVANTHAPPA)
The study is primarily concerned with the knowledge regarding first-aid of burns. Hence
researchers developed questionnaire technique to collect data.

The main study was conducted at Santosh Nagar Hyderabad prior to the written permission
for conducting the study was obtained from the principal. 60 mothers were selected from
Santosh Nagar Hyderabad. And Purpose of the study or explain to the Sample. The
conducted between 01-04-2019 to 15-04-2019 from 01:00 pm to 04:00 pm.

PLAN FOR DATA ANALYSIS:

The data was planned and analyzed based on objectives and hypothesis. Frequencies and
percentages were used to summarize the sample characteristics. Chi-square test was
computed to find the association between the levels of knowledge with selected variables.

LIMITATIONS:
 The study was limited for a period of weeks
 The study is limited to 60 samples
 The study is limited to mothers having children under 5 years of age.
 CHAPTER – 4

ANALYSIS AND
INTERPRETATION OF
DATA
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
The chapter deals with the analysis and interpretation of data related to the
knowledge regarding first aid among mothers at Santosh Nagar Hyderabad data was
collected from 60 mothers and interpretation was there with the help of descriptive
and statistic to meet the objectives of the study

Descriptive and Statistics 60 frequently mean standard deviation were utilized for
assessing the knowledge   cheaper test used to determine if there was any significant
Association between the knowledge level of the mothers with selected demographic
variables such as age gender religion marital status education income area of work
etc.

Objective of the study

To assess the level of knowledge regarding first aid of burns among mothers Santosh
Nagar Hyderabad
Associate the knowledge regarding first aid of burns among mothers with selected
variables

ORGANIZATION OF DATA
Section 1
Description of the sample characteristic according to the demographic variables a
child age gender religion marital status education income area of work etc. with the
help of frequency and percentage distribution.

Section 2
Deals with analysis and interpretation of knowledge in frequency and percentage.

Section 3
Associate between the knowledge of mothers and selected demographic variables
actual age gender religion marital status education income area of work of the
temple by using chi-square test.
 SECTION-I
Table – 1
Frequency and percentage distribution of sample according to age group
N = 60 (100%)
Age group Frequency Percentage
18-24 08 13.33%
25-29 32 53.33%
31-35 19 31.66%
35 & above 1 1.66%
Total 60 99.98%

TABLE– 1. Shows that the frequency and percentage distribution of sample

according to age.
The frequency age group 18-24 is 08 and the percentage is 13.33%,
The frequency of age group 25-29 is 32 and the percentage is 53.33%,
The frequency of age group 31-35 is 19 and the parentage is 31.66%,
The frequency of age group 35 and above is 1 and the percentage is 1.66%.
 Figure – 3
Frequency and percentage distribution of sample according to age group

60.00%

50.00%

40.00%

30.00%
53%

20.00%

32%

10.00%
13%

0.00% 2%
18-24 25-30 31-35 35 & Above
 Table-2
Frequency, percentage, distribution of sample according to the Religion.
Sample Size – 60(100%)
Religion Frequency Percentage
Hindu 14 23.33%
Muslim 38 63.33%
Christian 5 8.33%
Others 3 5%
Total 60 99.99%

Table -2 and Figure-4 shows the frequency, percentage, and distribution of the
sample according the Religion.
The frequency of Hindu is 14 and the Percentage is 23.33%.
The frequency of Muslim is 38 and the percentage is 63.33%.
The frequency of Christian is 5 and the percentage is 8.33%.
The frequency of the other is 3 and the percentage 5%.
 FIGURE-4
Frequency, percentage, distribution of the sample according to the age group.

Sales
Others
Christain 5%
8% Hindu
23%

Muslim
63%

Hindu Muslim Christain Others

 Table-3
Frequency, percentage, distribution of sample according to the Marital
status.
Sample Size – 60(100%)
Religion Frequency Percentage
Single 30 50.00%
Married 22 36.66%
Divorced 2 3.33%
Widow 6 10%
Total 60 99.99%

Table -3 and Figure-5 shows the frequency, percentage, and distribution of the
sample according to the marital status.
The frequency of Hindu is 30 and the Percentage is 50.00%.
The frequency of Muslim is 22 and the percentage is 36.66%.
The frequency of Christian is 2 and the percentage is 3.33%.
The frequency of the other is 6 and the percentage 10%.
 Figure – 5
Frequency, percentage, distribution of sample according to the Marital
status.

Marital status

Single

Married

Wodow

Divorced

0.00% 10.00% 20.00% 30.00% 40.00% 50.00% 60.00%

Series 1
 TABLE-4
Frequency, percentage, distribution of the sample according to the
Educational Status.
Sample Size-60(100%)

Educational Status Frequency Percentage

Illiterate 8 13.33%
S.S.C 15 25%
Intermediate 32 3.33%
Graduate and above 5 8.33%
Total 60 99.99%

Table -4 and Figure-6 shows the frequency, percentage, and distribution of the
sample according the Educational Status.
The frequency of the Illiterates is 8 and the percentage is 13.33%.
The frequency of the S.S.C is 15 and the percentage is 25%.
The frequency of the graduate is 32 and the percentage is 3.33%.
The frequency of the Intermediate is 5 and the percentage is 8.33%.
 Figure-6
Frequency, percentage, distribution of the sample according to the
Educational Status.

Percentage
60.00%

50.00%

40.00%

30.00% 53%

20.00%

25%
10.00% 13%
8%

0.00%
Illiterate S.S.C Intermediate Graduate
 Table-5
Frequency, percentage, distribution of sample according to the occupation
Sample size-60(100%)

Occupation Frequency Percentage

House wife 34 56.66%
Govt. employee 6 10%
Private employee 15 25%
Business 5 8.33%
Total 60 99.99%

Table -5 and figure 7 show the frequency, percentage, distribution of the

sample according to the occupation.
The frequency of housewife is 34 and the percentage is 56.66%.
The frequency of govt. employee is 6 and the percentage is 10%.
The frequency of private employee is 15 and the percentage is 25%.
The frequency of business is 5 and the percentage is 8.33%.
 Figure - 7
Frequency, percentage, distribution of sample according to the occupation
Sample size - (60) (100%)

60.00%

50.00%

40.00%

30.00%
Percentage

20.00%

10.00%

0.00%
Housewife Govt employee Private Bussiness
employee
 Table-6
Frequency, percentage, distribution of sample according to the Income.
Sample Size-60(100%)

Income Frequency Percentage

below 5000 22 36.66%
5001-7500 28 46.66%
7501-10,000 5 8%
Above 10,000 5 8.33%
Total 60 99.98%

Table-6 and figure-8 shows frequency, percentage distribution of the sample

according to the Income.
The frequency of members with below 5000 incomes is 19 and the percentage is
36.66%.
The frequency of members with 5001-7000 income is 4 and the percentage is 46.66%
The frequency of members with 7501-10,000 income is 6 and the percentage is 8%.
The frequency of members with Above 10,000 is 1 and the percentage is 8.33%.
 Figure-8
Frequency, percentage distribution of sample according to the Income.

Percentage

8.22%
8.33%

36.66%

below 5000
5001-7500
75001-10,00
above 10,000

46.66%
 Table-7
Frequency, percentage, distribution of sample according to the area of work.
Sample Size-60(100%)

Area of work Frequency Percentage

Rural 22 36.66%
Urban 38 63.33%
Total 60 99.99%

Table-7 and figure-9 shows frequency, percentage distribution of the sample

according to area of work.
The frequency of rural worker’s incomes is 22 and the percentage is 36.33%.
The frequency of urban worker’s incomes is 38 and the percentage is 63.33%.
 Figure-9
Frequency, percentage, distribution of sample according to the area of work.

Area of work
70.00%

60.00%

50.00%

40.00%

30.00%

20.00%

10.00%

0.00%
Rural Urban

Area of work
 SECTION-B
Table – 8
Frequency and percentage distribution of sample according to the
level of knowledge

LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Below average 35 58.33%

Average 15 25%

Above average 10 16.66%

Total 60 99.96%

Table- 8 represents the frequency and percentage distribution of sample

according to the level of knowledge. The above table shows that the frequency
of below average is a 35 and the percentage is a 58.33%. the frequency of
average is a 15 and the percentage is a 25. The frequency of above average is
10 and the percentage is a 16.66.
 Figure 10
Frequency and percentage distribution of sample according to the level
knowledge
(N=60)100%

Level of knowledge

17%
Below average
Average
Avobe average

25% 58%
 SECTION-C
Table – 9
Chi-square for the association between the knowledge score and age
BELOW AVERAGE AVERAGE ABOVE AVERAGE
AGE F % F % F % N X2
18-24 2 3.3% 4 6.6% 2 3.3% 8 36.64%
25-29 16 26.6% 10 16.6% 6 10% 32
30-35 12 20% 5 8.3% 2 3.33% 19
35 & 1 1.66% 0 0% 0 0 1
Above
TOTAL 99.99% 60

The chi-square valve at 59 degree of freedom is 77.95% at (0.05) level since the
calculated chi-square valve is the 36.64 is not greater than the table valve of
chi-square therefore, it can be concluded then there is a significant association
between the knowledge level and the age.
 Figure – 11
Chi-square for the association between the knowledge score and age

60.00%
Below average
50.00% Avegare
Above average
40.00%

30.00%

20.00%

10.00%

0.00%
18-24 25-29 30-34 35 & above
 Table – 10
Chi-square for the association between the knowledge score and religion
BELOW AVERAGE AVERAGE ABOVE
AVERAGE
RELIGION F % F % F % N X2
HINDU 2 3.3% 8 13.33 4 6.66% 14 51.58
% S*
MUSLIM 12 20% 20 33.33 6 10% 38
%
CHRISTIA 2 3.33% 2 3.33% 1 1.66% 5
N
OTHERS 1 1.66% 1 1.66% 1 1.66% 9
TOTAL 99.99% 60

The chi-square valve at 59 degree of freedom is 77.95% at (0.05) level since the
calculated chi-square valve is the 51.58 is not greater than the table valve of
chi-square therefore, it can be concluded then there is a significant association
between the knowledge level and the age.
 Figure - 12
Chi-square for the association between the knowledge score and religion

70.00%

60.00%

50.00%

40.00%

30.00%

20.00%

10.00%

0.00%
HINDU MUSLIM CHRISTAIN OTHERS

BELOW AVERAGE AVERAGE ABOVE AVERAGE

 Table – 11
Chi-square for the association between the knowledge score and marital
status
BELOW AVERAGE AVERAGE ABOVE
AVERAGE
MARITAL F % F % F % N X2
STATUS
SINGLE 15 25% 10 16.66 5 8.33 30 34.92
% S*
MARRIED 10 16.66% 9 15% 3 5% 22
WIDOW 2 3.33% 2 3.33% 2 3.33% 6
DIVORCED 1 1.66% 1 1.66% 0 0% 2
TOTAL 99.99% 60

The chi-square valve at 59 degree of freedom is 77.95% at (0.05) level since the
calculated chi-square valve is the 34.92 is not greater than the table valve of
chi-square therefore, it can be concluded then there is a significant association
between the knowledge level and the age.
 Figure - 13
Chi-square for the association between the knowledge score and marital
status

60.00%

50.00%

40.00%

30.00%

20.00%

10.00%

0.00%
SINGLE MARRIED WIDOW DIVORCED

BELOW AVERAGE AVERAGE ABOVE AVERAGE

 Table – 12
Chi-square for the association between the knowledge score and occupation
BELOW AVERAGE AVERAGE ABOVE
AVERAGE
Occupation F % F % F % N X2
House wife 14 23.33% 16 26.66 4 6.66% 34 36.12
% S*
Govt 1 1.66% 3 5% 2 3.33% 6
Employee
Private 5 8.33% 5 8.33% 5 8.33% 15
employee
Business 3 5% 2 3.33% 0 0% 5
TOTAL 99.99% 60

The chi-square valve at 59 degree of freedom is 77.95% at (0.05) level since the
calculated chi-square valve is the 36.12 is not greater than the table valve of
chi-square therefore, it can be concluded then there is a significant association
between the knowledge level and the age.
 Figure - 14
Chi-square for the association between the knowledge score and occupation

60.00%

50.00%

40.00%

30.00%

20.00%

10.00%

0.00%
Housewife Govt Emloyee Private employee Business

BELOW AVERAGE AVERAGE ABOVE AVERAGE

 Table – 13
Chi-square for the association between the knowledge score and income
BELOW AVERAGE AVERAGE ABOVE AVERAGE
Income F % F % F % N X2
Below 12 36.66% 5 8.33% 5 8.33% 22 27.84
5000 S*
5001- 14 23.33% 7 11.66% 7 11.66% 28
7500
7501- 3 5% 1 1.66% 1 1.66% 5
10000
Above 2 3.33% 1 1.66% 2 33.33% 5
10000
TOTAL 99.99% 60

The chi-square valve at 59 degree of freedom is 77.95% at (0.05) level since the
calculated chi-square valve is the 27.84 is not greater than the table valve of
chi-square therefore, it can be concluded then there is a significant association
between the knowledge level and the age.
 Figure - 15
Chi-square for the association between the knowledge score and income

60.00%

50.00%

40.00%

30.00%

20.00%

10.00%

0.00%
Below 5000 5001-7500 7501-10000 Above 10000

BELOW AVERAGE AVERAGE ABOVE AVERAGE

 Table – 14
Chi-square for the association between the knowledge score and area of
work
BELOW AVERAGE AVERAGE ABOVE AVERAGE
Area of F % F % F % N X2
work
Rural 8 13.33% 10 16.66 6 10% 22 4.26
% S*
Urban 15 25% 14 23.33 9 15% 38
%
TOTAL 99.99% 60

The chi-square valve at 59 degree of freedom is 77.95% at (0.05) level since the
calculated chi-square valve is the 4.26 is not greater than the table valve of chi-
square therefore, it can be concluded then there is a significant association
between the knowledge level and the age.
 Figure - 16
Chi-square for the association between the knowledge score and area of
work

70.00%

60.00%

50.00%

40.00%

30.00%

20.00%

10.00%

0.00%
Rural Urban

BELOW AVERAGE AVERAGE ABOVE AVERAGE

 CHAPTER-5
SUMMARY,
DISCUSSION,
CONCLUSION,
IMPLICATIONS,
LIMITATIONS AND
RECOMMENDATIONS.
 SUMMARY

This chapter deals with the summery of the study undertaken, including discussion of the
study, objectives and limitations. This chapter ends with suggestions and recommendations
for research failure.

This was undertaken “To Assess the knowledge regarding the first-aid of burns among the
mothers of children under 5 years at Santosh Nagar, Hyderabad.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:

1. To assess the knowledge of the mothers regarding the first aid of burns
2. To determine the association between the demographic variables and knowledge
score among mothers of under five years’ age at Santosh Nagar, HYD.

A descriptive approach was used to assess the level of knowledge regarding First-aid for
burns among the mothers at Santosh Nagar, Hyderabad, TS.”

A structured questionnaire was prepared by the investigator. The investigator planned the
study in effective manner by the review of related literature and previous studies, which
helps in formation of conceptual frame work and method of design for the study and to plan
the analysis of the data in effective and efficient way.

The questionnaire is prepared by the investigator after through literature review,

consultation with guide and subject expert. The tool used for data collection structured
knowledge questionnaire in which section – A consist of demographic variables and section
– B consist of knowledge regarding First-aid for burns among the mothers.

Content validity of the tool was established by obtaining opinions of experts and its
reliability was elicited by the half method that the tool was reliable and “R” is calculated
that is 0.99.

Pilot study was calculated on 6 samples in Santosh Nagar Hyderabad from 28 march to 31
march
The Pilot study result shown that the study is feasible and practicable. the main study was
conducted at Santosh Nagar Hyderabad. the written permission was obtained from the
principal after explaining the nature and the importance of the study and duration of the
data collection. The structured questionnaire was administered on 28 March to 31 March
2019. the purpose of the study was explained to the participant for ensuring bear full co-
operation. 60 mothers based on the sample criteria were collected for the study.

Depending upon the objectives of the study the data was collected analyse and interpreted.
Descriptive and interferential Statistics were used for data analysis and interpretation. After
analysing the data was organised and presented in three sections. The major findings of the
study were summarised as follows:

FINDINGS RELATED TO SAMPLE CHARACTERISTICS.

KNOWLEDGE SCORING
The study showed that 58.33% of the mother have below average knowledge, 25% have
average knowledge, and 16.66% have above average knowledge, regarding first aid of
burns.

DISCUSSION
Discussion is based on the objectives of the study and hypothesis of the problem “A STUDY
TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE REGARDING FIRST AID OF BURN AMONG THE MOTHER OF
CHILDREN UNDER 5 YEARS AT SANTOSH NAGAR HYDERABAD, TS.

OBJECTIVE 1
 The knowledge regarding first aid have done among mother of children under 5
years of age at Santosh Nagar Hyderabad.
 The present study out of 60 sample the overall knowledge goes up the mothers
revealed that 58% are below average, 25% are average and 16% above average.
OBJECTIVE 2
 To associate between the knowledge level and selected demographic variables.
there is a significant relationship between the knowledge score and age, religion,
marital status, education qualification, occupation and area of work.
  The analysis was done for Association between level of knowledge and demographic
variables using Chi square value show that there was a significant relationship.

CONCLUSION:
Based on the present study the following conclusions were drawn. Most of the mother had
average level knowledge and most of the following moderate practice first aid for burns.
this fact has to be taken into consideration and it is very essential and important to create
awareness and develop standard policy and procedure manual and education strategies to
upgrade and update the knowledge of mothers.  All the assumptions were proved and this is
clearly showing that there is a strong need to have adequate knowledge which turns
influence the practice of the mother’s leadings to quality of first aid.

LIMITATIONS
the study limited to 60 mothers of children under 5 years of age Santosh Nagar Hyderabad.

RECOMMENDATION
 A similar study can be conducted with large sample in different settings
 A similar study can be conducted with an experimental and control group
 A comparative study can be done between mother of children and House
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

REFERENCES:
BOOKS:
  Brunner and Siddarth, “Textbook of medical surgical nursing”, 10 th edition,
published by Williams and willikins, page no 315-361.
 Joyce M,Black and Jane Hokanson Hawks, “Medical surgical nursing”, 7 th
edition, Published by Elsevier, Page no 1433-1465.
 Jawed Ansari and Kaur, “Textbook of medical surgical nursing,” 23 rd Edition,
volume -2,Jaypee publishers, page no 609-689.
 Lewis, “Medical surgical nursing – assessment and management of first aid
problems “, 7th edition, published by Elesvier, india, Page no 259-301.
 Parul Datta, Textbook of pediatric nursing”, 3rd edition, Jaypee publishers,
Page no: 353-356.
 Ram sharan Mehta, “first aid nursing “, 3rd edition, Jaypee publisshers, New
Delhi. Page no: 261-269.
 Turner Sc, Bethel Hj, “First aid nursing”, 3rd edition, Jaypee publishers, New
delhi. Page no: 253-256.

JOURNALS
 1) Alfred M.Clark “First Aid Treatment of Burns” Post graduate Journal,
page no : 116-119.

2) A.K Chakrapathy, P J “Effectivenss of first aid treatment” Nursing journal of india

November 2012.
3) American journal of first aid management, 2006, Page no : 40-60.
4) Bensy M, Global over view of first aid, World health forum 2012.
5) Mlcak R, Cortiella J, Desai MH, Herndon DN. Emergency management of pediatric
burn victims. Pediatr Emerg Care. 1998;14(1):51–4. Epub 1998/03/28.
pmid:9516633.
6) Cuttle L, Pearn J, McMillan JR, Kimble RM. A review of first aid treatments for burn
injuries. Burns. 2009;35(6):768–75. Epub 2009/03/10. pmid:19269746.
7) Tiller G, Rea S, Silla R, Wood F. Burns first aid information on the Internet. Burns.
2007;32(7):897–901.
8) Wallace HJ, O'Neill TB, Wood FM, Edgar DW, Rea SM. Determinants of burn first aid
knowledge: Cross-sectional study. Burns. 2013;39(6):1162–9. pmid:23590966.
9) Skinner A, Peat B. Burns treatment for children and adults: a study of initial burns
first aid and hospital care. New Zealand Medicine Journal. 2002;115(Oct):199–203.
10) Singer AJ, Taira BR, Thode HC Jr., McCormack JE, Shapiro M, Aydin A, et al. The
association between hypothermia, prehospital cooling, and mortality in burn victims.
Acad Emerg Med. 2010;17(4):456–9. pmid:20370787.

WEBSITES:

1) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_aid
2) http://www.jofamericanscience.org/

3) http://www.jfmpc.com/article

4) http://www.americanguidelines/prevention/burns.hmtl

5) http://www.who.int/healthinfo/

6) http://www.research insidershealth.com

7) http://www.pubmed

8) www.medline .com

9) www.firstaid .com

10) www.preventionofburninjuries.com

11) http://www.ijps.org/article

12) https://www.scirp.org/journal/health/
ANNEXURE
 STRUCTURED
QUESTIONNAIRE
 PART - A

DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES:
1. Age [ ]
a. 18-24
b. 25-29
c. 30-35
d. 35 and above

2. Religion [ ]
a. Hindu
b. Muslim
c. Christian
d. Others

3. Marital status [ ]
a. Single
b. Married
c. Widow
d. Divorced

4. Education [ ]
a. Illiterate
b. SSC
c. Intermediate
d. Graduate and above

5. Occupation [ ]
a. House wife
b. Government employee
c. Private employee
d. Business

6. Income [ ]
a. Below 5000
b. 5001-7500
c. 7501-10000
d. Above 10000

7. Area of work [ ]
a. Rural
b. Urban
 PART - B

KNOWLEDGE ASSESSMENT REGARDING FIRST – AID OF BURNS

1. First aid means [ ]

a. Long term treatment
b. Short term treatment
c. Immediate treatment
d. None

2. Causes of burns [ ]
a. Thermal burns
b. Electrical burns
c. Radiation burns
d. All the above

3. Types of burns injury [ ]

a. Primary injury
b. Secondary injury
c. Tertiary injury
d. Both A and B

4. Classification of burns [ ]
a. First degree
b. Second degree
c. Third degree
d. All the above

5. First degree of burn [ ]

a. Damage to the outer layer of the skin
b. Damage to the whole skin
c. Damage to the deep skin
d. Damage to the dermal

6. Second degree of burn [ ]

a. Burn involved with superficial layer of skin
b. Injury to the dermal
c. Damage to both outer skin and underlining tissue layers
d. Deep into the skin
7. Third degree of burn [ ]
a. Damage extends to the deeper into tissue
b. Damage to the external skin
c. Damage to the dermis
d. Whole skin

8. Fourth degree burn [ ]

a. Extended into the underlining fascia
b. Damage muscle only
c. Only skin
d. Outer layer of the skin

9. Depth of burns [ ]
a. Superficial
b. Partial thickness
c. Full thickness
d. All the above

10. Immediate first aid for burns [ ]

a. Apply cool water
b. Hot water
c. Luke warm water
d. Apply ice

11. First aid for first degree burns [ ]

a. Apply ointment
b. Keep the burned area under running water
c. Apply Vaseline
d. A and B

12. First aid for the second-degree burns [ ]

a. Apply ointments
b. Apply cold water
c. Avoid remove the burnt clothing
d. Apply ice

13. First aid of third-degree burns [ ]

a. Cover the burn with a cool moist sterile bandage
b. Remove the burnt clothes
c. Apply ointments
d. Keep the burned area under water
14. First aid for the electrical burns [ ]
a. Begin CPR
b. Apply ice
c. Do not give water to the victim
d. Apply ointment

15. First aid of chemical burns [ ]

a. Clean the chemical with the cloth
b. Apply ointment
c. Flush the chemical off the skin
d. Both A and B

16. First aid for radiation burns [ ]

a. Cool water
b. Hot bath
c. Luke warm water bath
d. None of the above

17. Thermal burns caused by [ ]

a. Contact with flame
b. Hot liquids and steam
c. Cool water
d. Both A and B

18. Severity of burns [ ]

a. Minor
b. Moderate
c. Severe
d. All the above

19. Healing time of the first degree burn [ ]

a. 1-5 days
b. 3-6 days
c. 7-10 days
d. 10-15 days
20. Healing time of the second degree of burn [ ]
a. 1-3 weeks
b. 4-5 weeks
c. 6-8 weeks
d. 8-10 week

21. Prevention of hot water burns [ ]

a. Remove wet clothing
b. Apply cold running water
c. Apply ointment
d. Both A and B

22. The most severe burn, which can destroy the skin and
even underlying tissue are [ ]
a. First degree burns
b. Second degree burns
c. Third degree burns
d. Fourth degree of burns

23. Measures for prevention of complication of burns [ ]

a. Don’t rub the burned area
b. Clean with antiseptic lotion
c. Avoid scratching
d. A and B

24. Measures to prevent the burns at home (children) [ ]

a. Keep matches, lighter, chemical and lit candle out of children
b. Leave the children to play
c. Make an eye on the children
d. None of the above

25. Measures for prevention of infection [ ]

a. Keeping the burned area clean is essential
b. Skin care
c. Clean wounds
d. All the above
 ANSWER KEY

1. C 11. B 21. C
2. D 12. C 22. D
3. D 13. A 23. C
4. D 14. A 24. D
5. A 15. C 25. D
6. C 16. A
7. A 17. D
8. A 18. D
9. D 19. B
10. A 20. A