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Arithmetic Sequence and Series: Marija Lovrić

The document discusses arithmetic sequences and series. An arithmetic sequence is one where each term is calculated by adding a constant value, called the common difference, to the previous term. The general formula for the nth term is un = u1 + (n-1)d, where u1 is the first term and d is the common difference. Arithmetic series sum the terms of an arithmetic sequence using the formula Sn = (n/2) * (u1 + un), where n is the number of terms. Examples are provided to demonstrate finding terms, common differences, and sums of arithmetic sequences and series.

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elyas berger
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113 views

Arithmetic Sequence and Series: Marija Lovrić

The document discusses arithmetic sequences and series. An arithmetic sequence is one where each term is calculated by adding a constant value, called the common difference, to the previous term. The general formula for the nth term is un = u1 + (n-1)d, where u1 is the first term and d is the common difference. Arithmetic series sum the terms of an arithmetic sequence using the formula Sn = (n/2) * (u1 + un), where n is the number of terms. Examples are provided to demonstrate finding terms, common differences, and sums of arithmetic sequences and series.

Uploaded by

elyas berger
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Arithmetic sequence

and series
Marija Lovrić
Arithmetic sequence
A sequence is called arithmetic when the same value is added to each term
to get the next term.

 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, ... Fixed non-zero number


called common difference
(d)

The common difference can be found by taking any term and subtracting the previous term
𝑑 = 𝑢𝑛 − 𝑢𝑛−1 .

What is the general formula for 𝑢𝑛 ?


𝑢1
𝑢2 = 𝑢1 + 𝑑
𝑢3 = 𝑢2 + 𝑑 = 𝑢1 + 𝑑 + 𝑑 = 𝑢1 + 2𝑑
𝑢4 = 𝑢3 + 𝑑 = 𝑢1 + 2𝑑 + 𝑑 = 𝑢1 + 3𝑑
𝑢5 = 𝑢4 + 𝑑 = 𝑢1 + 3𝑑 + 𝑑 = 𝑢1 + 4𝑑
…
𝑢𝑛 = 𝑢1 + 𝑛 − 1 𝑑
Arithmetic sequence
Example 1. State whether the sequence is arithmetic or not. If it is, find common
difference.
a) 6, 13, 20, 27, ...
b) 3 ,6 ,9 ,11 ,...
c) 15, 11, 7, 3, ...

• When d > 0, the sequence is increasing.


• When d < 0, the sequence is decreasing.

Example 2. For each arithmetic sequence, write down the value of 𝑑 and find the term
indicated.
a) 14, 11, 8, ... Find 𝑢12
b) 2, 7, 12, ... Find 𝑢9
c) -7, -5, -3, ... Find 𝑢21
Arithmetic sequence

Example 3. In an arithmetic sequence let 𝑢1 = 100 and 𝑢16 = 145. Find 𝑢7 .

Example 4. In an arithmetic sequence let 𝑢10 =42 and 𝑢19 = 87. Find 𝑢100 .

Example 5.* A movie theatre with 12 rows of seating has 30 seats in the first row. Each
row behind it has two additional seats. How many seats are in the last row?
(Hint: 12 rows=12 terms in sequence, first row=first term)

*Try to do it by yourself 
Arithmetic sequence
SOLUTIONS
Example 1.
a) It’s arithmetic. Common difference is 7.
b) It is not arithmetic.
c) It’s arithmetic. Common difference is -4.
Example 2.
a) 𝑑 = −3
𝑢1 = 14 c) 𝑑 = 2
𝑢12 = 𝑢1 + 12 − 1 𝑑 𝑢1 = −7
𝑢12 = 14 + 11 ∙ −3 = −19 𝑢21 = 𝑢1 + 21 − 1 𝑑
𝑢21 = −7 + 20 ∙ 2
b) 𝑑 = 5 = −7 + 40 = 33
𝑢1 = 2
𝑢9 = 𝑢1 + 9 − 1 𝑑
𝑢9 = 2 + 8 ∙ 5 = 2 + 40 = 42
Arithmetic sequence
SOLUTIONS
Example 3. Example 4.
𝑢1 = 100 𝑢10 = 42 ⇒ 𝑢10 = 𝑢1 + 9𝑑
42 = 𝑢1 + 9𝑑 (𝑎)
𝑢16 = 145 ⇒ 𝑢16 = 𝑢1 + 16 − 1 𝑑
𝑢19 = 87 ⇒ 𝑢19 = 𝑢1 + 18𝑑
145 = 100 + 15𝑑 87 = 𝑢1 + 18𝑑 (𝑏)
15𝑑 = 145 − 100
15𝑑 = 45 𝑏 − 𝑎 ⇒ 45 = 9𝑑
𝑑=3 𝑑=5

𝑢7 = 𝑢1 + 7 − 1 𝑑 42 = 𝑢1 + 45
𝑢7 = 100 + 6 ∙ 3 𝑢1 = −3
𝑢7 = 100 + 18 = 118
𝑢100 = 𝑢1 + 99𝑑
𝑢100 = −3 + 99 ∙ 5 = −3 + 495 = 492
Arithmetic series
 Gauss

50 × 101 = 5050

 Arithmetic series 𝑢1 + 𝑢2 + 𝑢3 +. . +𝑢𝑛


𝑢1 + 𝑢𝑛 𝑢2 + 𝑢𝑛−1 𝑢3 + 𝑢𝑛−2

𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = 𝑢1 + 𝑢𝑛 → 𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑛 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑠𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒
2

𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = 2𝑢1 + 𝑛 − 1 𝑑
2
Arithmetic series
Example 6. For the arithmetic sequence 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, … find 𝑆3 and 𝑆101 .

Example 7. The third term of an arithmetic sequence is zero while the sum of the first 15
terms is -300. Find the first term and the sum of the first ten terms.

Example 8.* In an arithmetic sequence, the first term is -8 and the sum of
the first 20 terms is 790.
a) Find the common difference.
b) Find 𝑢28
c) Find 𝑆28

*Try to do it by yourself 
Arithmetic series
SOLUTIONS 𝑛
Example 6. 𝑆𝑛 = 2𝑢1 + 𝑛 − 1 𝑑
2
𝑢1 = 3
𝑑=2
3 3
𝑆3 = 2 ∙ 3 + 3 − 1 ∙ 2 = ∙ 10 = 15
2 2
101 101
𝑆101 = 2 ∙ 3 + 101 − 1 ∙ 2 = ∙ 206 = 10403
2 2
Example 7.
𝑢3 = 0 ⇒ 𝑢3 = 𝑢1 + 2𝑑
0 = 𝑢1 + 2𝑑 (𝑎)
15
𝑆15 = −300 ⇒ 𝑆15 = 2𝑢1 + 14𝑑
2
−300 = 15𝑢1 + 105𝑑 ∶ 15
−20 = 𝑢1 + 7𝑑 (𝑏)
𝑏 − 𝑎 ⇒ −20 = 5𝑑
𝑑 = −4 10
𝑆10 = 2 ∙ 8 + 10 − 1 ∙ (−4) = −100
0 = 𝑢1 + 2 ∙ −4 ⇒ 𝑢1 = 8 2

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