Itp MCQ Test

MEGHA BANSAL
19/678
FIRST YEAR
B A HONS APLLIED PSYHOLOGY
Answers
A. Out of the following who has not explained intelligence in terms of Psychometric Approach?
3. Sternberg
Robert Sternberg (1985) proposed the Triarchic Theory of Intelligence. It is said that the theory by
itself was among the first to go against the psychometric approach to intelligence and take a more
cognitive approach. APA further elaborates that according to the theory, intelligence comprises a
number of information-processing components, which are applied to experience (especially novel
experiences) in order to adapt to, shape, and select environments. The theory is triarchic because it
contains three subtheories: one specifying the components of intelligence, another specifying the
kinds of experience to which the components are applied, and a third specifying how the
components should be used in various kinds of environmental contexts. These three sub-theories
are various processes that affect the performing of cognitive tasks, and consist of the
information processing skills that drive intelligent behavior. Sternberg (1987) defined these
processes as an elementary information process that operates upon internal representation of
objects or symbols.
B. Which are the concepts mainly used by Sternberg in his theory of intelligence?
(C) 1, 2 and 4
Meta components, performance components and selective encoding.

Reason:-
Under the triarchic theory of intelligence of Reboert Strenberg there are three basic types of
intelligences: Componential, Experiential and Contextual. Componential intelligence has three
components: meta-components, performance components, and knowledge-acquisition
components.
Meta-components are higher-order mental processes that determine which
performance and learning components will be used as well as the sequence in which they will be
used.
Performance Components are referred to as lower-order processes, which are basic processes
involved in intellectual activities.
The Knowledge-Acquisition Components are also lower-order of mental processes, which help
discover what knowledge and information are needed to solve the problem. Sternberg and
Davidson (1999) identified three types of selectivity involved in analogical reasoning: selective
encoding, involving sifting relevant from irrelevant information; selective combination, involving
combining information from isolated pieces into a unified whole; and selective comparison,
involving comparing relatively newly acquired information to information acquired in the past.
C. Arrange the following tests in decreasing order of their projective ability:
(B) 4, 3, 2, 1
D. Which one of the trait theories/models is/are NOT based on factor analytic methodology?
(a) Allport’s Theory
(b) Costa and McCrae’s Model
(c) Goldberg’s Model
(d) Eysenck’s Theory
Code:
(1) (a) only
Gordon Allport did give the first list of around 18,000 English adjectives to be used in Personality
Theories but he did not use factor analysis on that list. Factor analytic operations were first used by
Raymond Cattell on the list, then Eysenck (3 Dimensions Theory; higher order factor analysis)
followed by Goldberg (Five Factor Theory) and Costa & McCrae (Big 5).
E. Match List – I (Psychologist) with List – II (Test):
a3
b4
c2
d1
P.T. Costa and Robert R. McCrae are the authors of NEO – Personality Inventory.
Suzanne Kobasa’s studies showed that people with high levels of stress but low levels of illness
share three characteristics, which are referred to as the personality traits of hardiness. It consists of
‘the three Cs’, i.e. commitment, control, and challenge; thus giving us the Hardy Personality.
C. Robert Cloninger is the author of The Temperament and Character Inventory.
Locus of Control is a a construct that is used to categorize people’s basic motivational orientations
and perceptions of how much control they have over the conditions of their lives introduced into
psychology by Julian Rotter.
F. Out of following who has not divided intelligence into two general components?
(D) Thurstone
Because Louis Thurstone’s proposed the theory of primary mental abilities. It states that
intelligence consists of seven primary abilities. While Cattell divided intelligence into fluid and
crystalliized, Jensen proposed a hierarchical model of two levels and Hebb proposed the theory of
Intelligence A and Intelligence B which was further developed by Cattell as fluid and crystallized
intelligence. Hebb proposed that “intellectual development includes two distinct things: (A) direct
intellectual power, by neural maturation, and (B) the development of qualitative modifications of
perception and behavior. The first factor is what reaches a peak somewhere around the beginning
of adolescence, declining slowly thereafter; the second is the product of the first factor.”
G. Number of different factors as specified by Spearman to explain the performance on some

tests:
(D) Many‘s’ factors and one ‘g’ factor.
APA defines Spearman’s Two Factor Theory of Intelligence (1904) as a theory that proposes that
intelligence comprises two kinds of factors: a general factor, whose influence pervades all tests of
intelligence, and various specific factors, each of whose influence extends only to a single test in a
test battery.
H. Which type of intelligence is relatively culture-free?

3. Fluid intelligence
Fluid Intelligence because it is based on an individual’s inherent capacity to analyse novel
problems. Cattell described it as a purely general ability to discriminate and perceive relations
between any fundaments, new or old.
Whereas, crystallized intelligence consists of discriminatory habits long established in a particular
field; Emotional intelligence is a type of intelligence that involves the ability to process emotional
information and use it in reasoning and other cognitive activities; and interpersonal intelligence is
the intelligence involved in understanding and relating to other people. All these three depend on
interactions in a culture.
I. The five- factor model of personality includes:

c. Agreeableness
In the Five-factor personality model (FFM) five dimensions of individual differences—
extraversion, neuroticism, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness to experience—are
viewed as core personality structures.
J. The concept of __________________ reflects Bandura’s belief that environment, individual

and the behaviour itself are the major factors that influence each other.
2. Reciprocal determinism
Reciprocal determinism as defines by APA is a concept that opposes exclusive emphasis on
environmental determination of responses and asserts that a reciprocal relationship exists among
environment, behavior, and the individual. It maintains that the environment influences behavior,
behavior influences the environment, and both influence the individual, who also influences them.
This concept is associated with social learning theory.

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MEGHA BANSAL

Meta components, performance components and selective encoding.

(a) Allport’s Theory

(b) Costa and McCrae’s Model

(c) Goldberg’s Model

(d) Eysenck’s Theory

E. Match List – I (Psychologist) with List – II (Test):

C. Robert Cloninger is the author of The Temperament and Character Inventory.

G. Number of different factors as specified by Spearman to explain the performance on some

(D) Many‘s’ factors and one ‘g’ factor.

H. Which type of intelligence is relatively culture-free?

I. The five- factor model of personality includes:

J. The concept of __________________ reflects Bandura’s belief that environment, individual

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