Kalina cycle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.

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Kalina cycle
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Kalina cycle® is a thermodynamic process for converting thermal energy from the industrial waste heat Thermodynamics
stream into reusable mechanical power.

Optimized for use within heavy industrial sources which are at a relatively low temperature compared to the
heat sink (or ambient) temperature. The Kalina cycle® has been shown to increase thermal power output
efficiencies by up to 50% in suitable installations. Namely: Steel, Coal, Oil refineries and Cement production
plants.[citation needed]

The Kalina cycle uses water and ammonia at various ratios and a registered thermodynamics facility to reduce
thermodynamic irreversibility and therefore increase overall thermodynamic efficiency. There are multiple Branches
variants of the Kalina cycle systems available specifically applicable to increase the efficiencies of different Classical · Statistical · Chemical
types of heat source that would have previously been lost as waste thermal energy, all to obey the Second
Equilibrium / Non-equilibrium
Principle of Thermodynamics. This technology is applicable worldwide to Steel, electricity production and coal
Thermofluids
plants, thermal power & concrete production plants.Several proof of concept power plants using the Kalina
cycle have now been built including two Kalina Cycle(R) power plants currently operating in Japan: Laws
Zeroth · First · Second · Third
The Kashima Steel Works operated by Sumitomo Metals
The Tokyo Bay Oil Refinery operated by Fuji Oil Systems
Geothermal plants exist in Husavik, Iceland, and Unterhaching, Germany. State:
Equation of state
The above provide a practical demonstration of how the Kalina Cycle(R) can provide independent & non Ideal gas · Real gas
nuclear power whilst reducing the energy intensity of heavy industry. In addition to the waste heat to power Phase of matter · Equilibrium
applications, Two Eco-Gen Kalina Cycle(R) units will soon to be installed at additional separate hot-spring Control volume · Instruments
sites in Japan.
Processes:
The Kalina cycle® trademark and all global patents are owned by Wasabi Energy plc. owner of Global Isobaric · Isochoric · Isothermal
Geothermal Ltd., parent company of Recurrent Engineering Inc.
Adiabatic · Isentropic · Isenthalpic
Quasistatic · Polytropic
Free expansion
Contents Reversibility · Irreversibility
Endoreversibility
1 Use in geothermal power
2 Miscelanea Cycles:
3 Power Plants Heat engines · Heat pumps
4 References
Thermal efficiency
5 External links
System properties
Property diagrams
Use in geothermal power Intensive and extensive properties

Global Geothermal Ltd. (parent company: Wasabi Energy Ltd.) owns all the worldwide entities licensed to State functions:
deploy the Kalina Cycle process.[citation needed] As a result GGL controls the Kalina Cycle rights and over 200 Temperature / Entropy (intro.) †
international patents associated with this technology. The process is currently used via licensing deals with Pressure / Volume †
Siemens and Shanghai Shenge New Energy for all their Chinese applications.[1] Chemical potential / Particle no. †
(† Conjugate variables)
Miscelanea Vapor quality
Reduced properties
Since the phase change from liquid to steam is not at a constant temperature, the temperature profiles of
the 'hot' and 'cold' fluids in a heat exchanger can be made closer using the Kalina cycle, thus making the Process functions:
global efficiency of the heat transfer bigger. Work · Heat
For this reason, the Kalina cycle is increasingly popular in [geothermal power] plants, where the hot fluid Material properties
is very often below 100C.[citation needed]
Specific heat T
c=
capacity N
Power Plants
1
Compressibility β = −
Up until recently, in the heat converters are heat exchangers used to produce steam, and the most common V
cycle used is the Carnot Cycle. An example of the recent use of Kalina cycle is the Wasabi Energy Facility,
1
Husavik Power Plant in Northern Iceland, rated 2MW electric power output and 20MW heat power. Thermal expansion α =
V

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References Property database

1. ^ Read more: http://www.express.co.uk/posts/view/214334/AIM-market-Wasabi-Energy-hopes-China-will-warm- Equations

to-Kalina-Cycle-technology#ixzz1CqOQwWxx Carnot's theorem
link1@www.wasabienergy.com (http://www.wasabienergy.com/portfolio/globalgeothermal.aspx) Clausius theorem
link2@www.geothermie.de (http://www.geothermie.de/gte/gte46/geothermal_power_plant.htm) Fundamental relation
public patent (http://www.google.com/patents?id=PwgQAAAAEBAJ& Ideal gas law
dq=6820421+-+Low+temperature+geothermal+system) Maxwell relations
http://www.mannvit.com/GeothermalEnergy/GeothermalPowerPlants/Kalinacyclediagram/ Diagram of
Kalina Cycle for Geothermal Energy] Table of thermodynamic equations
Potentials
External links Free energy · Free entropy

Overview of the Kalina Cycle (http://vganapathy.tripod.com/kalina.html)

Internal energy U(S,V)
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalina_cycle" H(S,p) = U + pV
Enthalpy
Categories: Thermodynamic cycles
Helmholtz free A(T,V) = U − TS
This page was last modified on 16 May 2011 at 08:51. energy
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may G(T,p) = H − TS
Gibbs free
apply. See Terms of Use for details.
Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. energy

History and culture

Philosophy:
Entropy and time · Entropy and life
Brownian ratchet
Maxwell's demon
Heat death paradox
Loschmidt's paradox
Synergetics

History:
General · Heat · Entropy · Gas laws
Perpetual motion
Theories:
Caloric theory · Vis viva
Theory of heat
Mechanical equivalent of heat
Motive power
Publications:
"An Experimental Enquiry
Concerning ... Heat"
"On the Equilibrium of
Heterogeneous Substances"
"Reflections on the
Motive Power of Fire"

Timelines of:
Thermodynamics · Heat engines

Art:
Maxwell's thermodynamic surface

Education:
Entropy as energy dispersal
Scientists
Daniel Bernoulli
Sadi Carnot
Benoît Paul Émile Clapeyron
Rudolf Clausius

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Kalina cycle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalina_cycle

Hermann von Helmholtz

Constantin Carathéodory
James Prescott Joule
Julius Robert von Mayer
William Rankine
John Smeaton
Georg Ernst Stahl
Benjamin Thompson
William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin
John James Waterston

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