SCIENCE RESEARCH III

Second Quarter- Module 6

Hypothesis Testing For The
Means- Two Sample
(Independent Sample)
 Science
Research
III

Name/s: ________________________________________Date:___________Score:__________
SUBJECT: SCIENCE RESEARCH III
QUARTER 2– MODULE 6
Hypothesis Testing For The Means- Two Sample (Independent Sample)

Objectives:
A. Determine the appropriateness of two sample t-test (Independent Sample).
B. Interpret data/results using two sample t-test (Independent Sample).
C. Test a hypothesis using two sample t-test (Independent Sample).
D.

KEY CONCEPTS
The Independent Samples t-test compares the means of two
independent groups in order to determine whether there is statistical
evidence that the associated population means are significantly
different.1

1. PRETEST

TRUE OR FALSE. Instructions: Write T before each number if the

statement is TRUE about Two Independent Samples t-test, then F if
the statement is FALSE.

______1. The Independent Samples t-test can only compare the means for two (and
only two) groups. It cannot make comparisons among more than two
groups.
______2. A two-sample independent t-test can be run on sample data from a normally
distributed numerical outcome variable to determine if its mean differs
across two independent groups.
______3. The Independent Samples t-test is a non-parametric test.
______4. The Independent Samples t-test is an inferential statistical test.
______5. The Independent Samples t-test can be use when your data values are
independent, are randomly sampled from two normal populations and the
two independent groups have equal variances.

1 Yeager, “LibGuides.”
MELC1 Week No.6 Code: SSP-RS9-AID-III-u-v-8
Competency: Interpret data/statistical results
2
 2. REVIEW

Instructions: Highlight the variables needed for you to get the t value
for a one sample t-test.

a. Sample mean b. Sample standard deviation of X group

c. Sample size d. Sample standard deviation

e. Population mean f. Size of Y sample

3. INTRODUCTION

The independent t-test, also called the two sample t-test, independent-
samples t-test or student's t-test, is an inferential statistical test that
determines whether there is a statistically significant difference
between the means in two unrelated groups.

The Independent Samples t-test is commonly used to test the

Statistical differences between the means of two groups, statistical differences
between the means of two interventions, statistical differences between the means of
two change scores. The Independent Samples t-test can only compare the means for
two (and only two) groups. It cannot make comparisons among more than two
groups. If you wish to compare the means across more than two groups, you will
likely want to run an ANOVA.2

4. ACTIVITIES

ACTIVITY NO. 1

Instructions: Write the letter of the correct answer for each part of
the formula for a two-sample t-test (Independent Sample).

1. 4.

2. 5.
3. 6.
a. Sample mean of X group b. Sample standard deviation of X group

c. Size of X sample d. Sample mean of Y group e. Size of Y sample

f. Sample standard deviation of Y group

2“Independent T-Test - An Introduction to When to Use This Test and What Are the
Variables Required | Laerd Statistics.”
MELC1 Week No.6 Code: SSP-RS9-AID-III-u-v-8
Competency: Interpret data/statistical results
3
 ACTIVITY NO. 2

Instructions: Analyze the given example and identify the hypothesis.

Then tell whether you will reject or accept the null hypothesis.

FOR EXAMPLE:
The Bureau of Environmental Protection made a study of a river community about
the amount of semi-treated sewage release into the river. Five randomly selected
specimens of river were drawn at a location above the town, and another five below.
The dissolve oxygen (DO) readings in parts per million (ppm) are as follows:

Above Town: 4.9 5.2 5.1 4.8 5.6

Below Town: 5.0 4.9 4.8 4.7 4.9

Test whether the mean DO content below town is less than the mean DO content
above town. Test the null hypothesis using a = 0.05.

Step 1: State the null hypothesis

𝐻0 : 𝜇𝐴𝑇 = 𝜇𝐵𝑇 (There is no significant difference between the mean of DO

content above town and the mean of DO content below town.)
𝐻𝐴 : 𝜇𝐴𝑇 > 𝜇𝐵𝑇 (The mean of DO content above town is significantly greater
than the mean of DO content below town.)
Step 2: Choose the appropriate test statistic to be used
(For this activity, we’ll utilize two sample t-test for independent samples) X group= Above town
Y group= Below town

Formula in = sample mean of X group

Getting the Where:
= sample mean of Y group
t-value 𝑠𝑋 = standard deviation of X group
𝑠𝑌 = standard deviation of Y group
𝑛𝑋 = sample size of X group
𝑛𝑌 = sample size of Y group

=5 = 4. 86 Solution:
Given: 𝑠 = 0.158 𝑛𝑋 = 5
𝑋
𝑠𝑌 = 0.114 𝑛𝑌 = 5
Step 3: State the level of significance and the sample size
Level of Significance: a = 0.05

Sample size: 𝑛𝑋 = 5, 𝑛𝑌 = 5

Step 4: Choose the sampling distribution

(Using the t-distribution table - https://www.statisticshowto.com/tables/t-distribution-table/)

Using the t-distribution table for a one-tailed test at a = 0.05, and the
degree of freedom (df). In a two-sample test of means, we need to get the total
number of the sample size minus 2 to get the degree of freedom: df = 𝑛𝑋 + 𝑛𝑌 – 2:
5+5-2 = 8, it will give us a critical value of 1.86.

(Note: In t-test, there are different t-distribution table for a one-tailed and two-tailed
test).
MELC1 Week No.6 Code: SSP-RS9-AID-III-u-v-8
Competency: Interpret data/statistical results
4
Step 5: Decide on whether to accept or reject the null hypothesis
Since the computed t value of 1.607 is lower than the critical value of 1.86, it
is within the acceptance region. So, the null hypothesis 𝐻0 is accepted. There is no
significant difference between the mean of dissolve oxygen from above town and
below town.
PROBLEM #1:
In a study of Burger King drive-through orders, it was found that 264 orders were
accurate and 54 were not accurate. For McDonald’s, 329 order were found to be
accurate while 33 orders were not accurate. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the
claim that Burger King and McDonald’s have the same accuracy rate.

Step 1: State the null hypothesis

Hypothesis Symbol In Words
𝐻0
𝐻𝐴
Step 2: Choose the appropriate test statistic to be used

Formula in Solution:
Getting the
t-value

Step 3: State the level of significance and the sample size

Use the Level of Significance: a = _____ Sample size: : 𝑛𝑋 = _____, 𝑛𝑌 = _____

Step 4: Choose the sampling distribution

(Using the t-distribution table - https://www.statisticshowto.com/tables/t-distribution-table/)

The critical value is t = _______ for a __________________ test at a = _____ with

the degree of freedom of ____.

Step 5: Decide on whether to accept or reject the null hypothesis

Since the computed t value of ________ is _________ the ______________ region,
therefore it is ________________. The null hypothesis 𝐻0 is _____________. The
alternative hypothesis 𝐻𝐴 is _____________. Therefore,
_________________________________________________________________________________.
PROBLEM #2:
A poll asked, “Are you in favor of capital punishment?” Of the 600 Catholics
surveyed, 180 favored capital punishment; of the 600 secular (those who do not
associate with a religion) surveyed, 240 favored capital punishment. At 0.01 level of
significance to test the claim that there is a difference in the proportion of individuals
in these groups in favor of capital punishment.

Step 1: State the null hypothesis

Hypothesis Symbol In Words
𝐻0
𝐻𝐴
MELC1 Week No.6 Code: SSP-RS9-AID-III-u-v-8
Competency: Interpret data/statistical results
5
Step 2: Choose the appropriate test statistic to be used

Formula in
Solution:
Getting the
t-value

Step 3: State the level of significance and the sample size

Use the Level of Significance: a = _____ Sample size: : 𝑛𝑋 = _____, 𝑛𝑌 = _____

Step 4: Choose the sampling distribution

(Using the t-distribution table - https://www.statisticshowto.com/tables/t-distribution-table/)

The critical value is t = _______ for a __________________ test at a = _____ with

the degree of freedom of ____.

Step 5: Decide on whether to accept or reject the null hypothesis

Since the computed t value of ________ is _________ the ______________ region,
therefore it is ________________. The null hypothesis 𝐻0 is _____________. The
alternative hypothesis 𝐻𝐴 is _____________. Therefore,
_________________________________________________________________________________.

 How to ensure that you will arrive with a correct decision?

Take note that it is very important for you calculate correctly and
accurately the t-value because it is the value that you will compare
later on with the t critical value so that you can tell whether you will
accept or reject the null hypothesis.

5. CHECK YOUR
UNDERSTANDING

INSTRUCTIONS: Answer the following questions in the space

provided below using 3-5 sentences only.

1. When do we use two-sample independent t-test as your statistical tool? Name 3

instances.
_________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________.
2. Why is it important for you to accurately identify the critical value of t when
utilizing two-sample independent t-test?
_________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________.
3. Give a sample topic appropriate to two-sample independent t-test. Explain your
answer.
_________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________.

MELC1 Week No.6 Code: SSP-RS9-AID-III-u-v-8

Competency: Interpret data/statistical results
6
 6. POST-TEST

AGREE OR DISAGREE.
Instructions: Analyze and check whether you agree or disagree on
the following statements.

______1. To get the degrees of freedom for a two-sample independent t-test, you must
subtract 1 from the sample size.

______2. When reporting the result of an independent t-test, you need to include the
t-statistic value, the degrees of freedom (df) and the significance value of the
test (p-value).

______3. The Independent Samples t-test compares the means of two groups. It can
also make comparisons among more than two groups.

______4. The Independent Samples t-test does not assume equal variances. Therefore
both the denominator of the test statistic and the degrees of freedom of the
critical value of t are different than the equal variances form of the test
statistic.

______5. The Independent Samples t-test is also called the unpaired samples t-test.

MELC1 Week No.6 Code: SSP-RS9-AID-III-u-v-8

Competency: Interpret data/statistical results
7
References:

“Independent T-Test - An Introduction to When to Use This Test and What Are the
Variables Required | Laerd Statistics.” Accessed November 29, 2020.
https://statistics.laerd.com/statistical-guides/independent-t-test-
statistical-guide.php.

Yeager, Kristin. “LibGuides: SPSS Tutorials: Independent Samples t Test.” Accessed

November 29, 2020.
https://libguides.library.kent.edu/SPSS/IndependentTTest.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division Office-

Mandaluyong

Calbayog Street, Highway Hills, Mandaluyong City 1500

Telefax: (632) 79552557

Email Address: sdo.mandaluyong@deped.gov.ph

●www.depedmandaluyong.org

MELC1 Week No.6 Code: SSP-RS9-AID-III-u-v-8

Competency: Interpret data/statistical results
8
ANSWER KEY:
PRE TEST
1. T
2. T
3. F
4. T
5. T

POST TEST
1. DISAGREE
2. AGREE
3. DISAGREE
4. AGREE
5. AGREE

MELC1 Week No.6 Code: SSP-RS9-AID-III-u-v-8

Competency: Interpret data/statistical results
9