Bs en 1290 Mpi Testing of Welds
Bs en 1290 Mpi Testing of Welds
Bs en 1290 Mpi Testing of Welds
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Non-destructive testing
of welds — Magnetic
particle testing of welds
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ICS 25.160.40
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BS EN 1290:1998
National foreword
This British Standard is the English language version of EN 1290:1998,
including amendments A1:2002 and A2:2003.
The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in
the text by tags !". Tags indicating changes to CEN text carry the number
of the CEN amendment. For example, text altered by CEN amendment A1 is
indicated by !".
As agreed by CEN/TC 121/SC 5 resolution 134/2000 and in accordance with
amendment A1:2002, the term “examination” has been replaced by “testing”
throughout the document.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee
WEE/46, Non-destructive examination, which has the responsibility to:
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Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page,
This British Standard, having pages 2 to 14, an inside back cover and a back cover.
been prepared under the
direction of the Engineering The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the
Sector Board, was published document was last issued.
under the authority of the
Standards Board and comes
into effect on 15 June 1998
ICS 25.160.40
Descriptors: Welded joints, ferromagnetic materials, quality control, non-destructive tests, detection, weld defects,
magnetic particle testing, surface treatment
English version
CEN
European Committee for Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation
Europäisches Komitee für Normung
© 1998 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national
Members.
Ref. No. EN 1290:1998 + A1:2002 + A2:2003 E
EN 1290:1998
This document has been prepared under a mandate at the latest by June 2004.
given to CEN by the European Commission and the This document has been prepared under a mandate
European FreeTrade Association. given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal
Regulations, the national standards organizations According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal
of the following countries are bound to implement Regulations, the national standards organizations
this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech of the following countries are bound to implement
Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, this European Standard: Austria, Belgium,
Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France,
Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and
the United Kingdom.
Foreword to amendment A1
This document EN 1290:1998/A1:2002 has been
prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 121, Contents
Welding, the secretariat of which is held by DS. Page
This amendment to the European Standard Foreword 2
EN 1290:1998 shall be given the status of a national
1 Scope 3
standard, either by publication of an identical text
or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2002, 2 Normative references 3
and conflicting national standards shall be 3 Definitions 3
withdrawn at the latest by November 2002. 4 Safety precautions 3
This document has been prepared under a mandate 5 General 3
given to CEN by the European Commission and the 5.1 Information 3
European Free Trade Association.
5.2 Personnel qualification 4
Annex A is informative.
5.3 Surface conditions and preparation 4
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal 5.4 Magnetizing 4
Regulations, the national standards organizations
of the following countries are bound to implement 5.5 Application techniques 5
this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, 5.6 Detecting media 12
Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, 5.7 Viewing conditions 12
Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, 5.8 Application of detecting media 12
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the 5.9 Overall performance test 12
United Kingdom. 5.10 False indications 12
5.11 Recording of indications 13
5.12 Demagnetization 13
5.13 Test report 13
Annex A (informative) Sensitivity aspects 14
1 Scope
This standard specifies magnetic particle testing techniques for the detection of surface imperfections in
ferromagnetic welds, including the heat-affected zones, using the magnetic method. Techniques
recommended are suitable for most welding processes and joint configurations. Variations to the basic
techniques that will provide a higher or lower testing sensitivity are described in Annex A.
Techniques for testing of welds, with geometries in accordance with those shown in Table 1, Table 2 and
Table 3, can be used directly from this standard.
Acceptance levels for indications are described in EN 1291.
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2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications.
These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed
hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply
to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references
the latest edition of the publication referred to applies.
EN 473, Qualification and certification of NDT personnel — General principles.
EN 1291, Non-destructive testing of welds — Magnetic particle testing of welds — Acceptance levels.
EN 12062, Non-destructive testing of welds — General rules for metallic materials.
!EN ISO 3059, Non-destructive testing — Penetrant testing and magnetic particle testing — Viewing
conditions.
(ISO 3509:2001)"
3 Definitions
For the purposes of this standard, the definitions given in EN 12062 apply.
4 Safety precautions
European, national and local safety and environment protection regulations shall be observed at all times.
Special consideration shall be given to toxic flammable and/or volatile materials, electrical safety and
unfiltered UV radiation.
5 General
5.1 Information
5.1.1 !Items to be specified
Before carrying out magnetic particle testing, the following items, if applicable, shall be specified:"
a) specific testing procedure;
b) certification requirements for NDT personnel;
c) extent of coverage;
d) state of manufacture;
e) testing techniques to be used;
f) overall performance test;
g) demagnetization;
h) acceptance level;
i) action necessary for unacceptable indications.
c) !calculation of the approximate current value in order to achieve the recommended tangential field
strength. The calculations can be based on the current values specified in Table 2 and Table 3;"
d) other methods based on established principles.
NOTE Flux indicators, placed in contact with the surface under test, can provide a guide to the magnitude and direction of the
tangential field, but should not be used to verify that the field strength is acceptable.
µ is the angle between the magnetic field and the direction of the imperfection
µmin is the minimum angle for imperfection detection
µi is an example of imperfection orientation
Figure 1 — Directions of detectable imperfections
Dimensions in millimetres
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Figure 2 — Examples of effective testing area (shaded) for magnetizing with yokes and prods
8
2
1
Overlap
EN 1290:1998
Effective area
d1 U 75
b1 k d1/2
b2 k d2 p 50
d2 U 75
d1 U 75
d2 > 75
b1 k d1/2
b2 k d2 p 50
d1 U 75
d2 U 75
b1 k d1/2
b2 k d2 p 50
d U 75
b k d/2
d U 75
b k d/2
d U 75
b k d/2
The verification shall be carried out on components having known or artificial surface imperfections, or on
pre-magnetized reference pieces.
Indications obtained with the medium to be verified shall be compared against those obtained from a
medium having a known and acceptable performance. For this purpose the reference indications may be:
a) real imperfections;
b) photograph(s); or
c) replica(s).
5.7 Viewing conditions
The viewing conditions shall meet the requirements of !EN ISO 3059".
5.8 Application of detecting media
After the object has been prepared for !testing, the" detecting medium shall be applied by spraying,
flooding or dusting immediately prior to and during the magnetization. Following this, time shall be
allowed for indications to form before removal of the magnetic field.
When magnetic suspensions are used, the magnetic field shall be maintained within the object until the
majority of the suspension carrier liquid has drained away from the testing surface. This will prevent any
indications being washed away.
Depending on the material being tested, its surface condition and magnetic permeability, indications will
normally remain on the surface even after removal of the magnetic field, due to residual magnetism within
the part. However, the presence of residual magnetism shall not be presumed; post-evaluation techniques
after removal of the prime magnetic field source can be permitted only when a component has been proven
by an overall performance test to retain magnetic indications.
5.9 Overall performance test
Where !defined by specification", an overall performance test of the system sensitivity, for each
specific procedure shall be carried out on site. The test shall be designed to ensure a proper functioning of
the entire chain of parameters including the equipment, the magnetic field strength and direction, surface
characteristics, detecting media and illumination.
The most reliable test is to use representative test pieces containing real imperfections of known type,
location, size and size distribution. Where these are not available, fabricated test pieces with artificial
imperfections, or flux shunting indicators of the cross type or shim type may be used. The test pieces shall
be demagnetized and free from indications resulting from previous tests.
5.10 False indications
False indications which may mask relevant indications can arise for many reasons, e.g. undercut and
changes in magnetic permeability, i.e. the heat-affected zone. Where masking is suspected, the
examination surface shall be dressed, or suitable alternative testing methods can be used.
1) For metal-cutting processes, a typical residual field strength value of H u 0,4 kA/m is recommended.
Annex A (informative)
Sensitivity aspects
A.1 Surface conditions and preparation
The maximum testing sensitivity that can be achieved by any magnetic testing method is dependent on
many variables but can be seriously affected by the surface roughness of the object and any irregularities
present. In some cases it can be necessary to:
— dress undercut and surface irregularities by grinding;
— remove or reduce the weld reinforcement.
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Surfaces covered with a thin non-magnetic paint, e.g. a primer may also be tested, provided that the paint
surface is unbroken and the thickness of the coating does not exceed 50 4m. Above this thickness, the
sensitivity of the method decreases and can be specifically determined before proceeding with the testing.
A.2 Magnetizing equipment characteristics
The use of alternating current gives the best sensitivity for detecting surface imperfections.
Yokes produce an adequate magnetic field in simple butt-welds, but where the flux is reduced by gaps or
the path is excessive through the object, as in T-joints, a reduction of sensitivity can occur.
For complex joint configurations, e.g. !branch connections" with an inclined angle of less than 90°,
testing using yokes might be inadequate. In these cases, prods or cable wrapping with current flow will
prove more suitable.
A.3 Magnetic field strength and permeability
The field strength required to produce an indication strong enough to be detected during magnetic particle
testing is dependent mainly on the magnetic permeability of the object.
Generally, magnetic permeability is high in softer magnetic materials, e.g. low-alloy steels, and low in
harder magnetic materials, e.g. martensitic steels. Because permeability is a function of the magnetizing
current, low-permeability materials usually require application of a higher magnetization value than softer
alloys, to produce the same flux density. It is essential, therefore, to establish that flux density values are
adequate before beginning the magnetic particle testing.
A.4 Detecting media
Magnetic particle suspensions will usually give a higher sensitivity for detecting surface imperfections
than dry powders.
Fluorescent magnetic detection media usually give a higher test sensitivity than colour-contrast media,
because of the higher contrast between the darkened background and the fluorescent indication. The
sensitivity of the fluorescent method will, nevertheless, decrease in proportion to any increase in the
roughness of the surface to which magnetic particles adhere, and can cause a disturbing background
fluorescence.
Where the background illumination cannot be adequately lowered, or where background fluorescence is
disturbing, coloured detection media in conjunction with the smoothing effect of a contrast aid will usually
give a better sensitivity.
blank
BS EN 1290:1998
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