Student’s Book

Virginia Evans – Jenny Dooley

 CONTENTS
Module 1 People ...................................................................................................................... p. 4

Module 2 Houses & Homes ...................................................................................................... p. 14

Culture I Singapore: The Lion City ............................................................................................ p. 24

Module 3 School ....................................................................................................................... p. 26

Module 4 Work ......................................................................................................................... p. 36

Module 5 Family & Social Life .................................................................................................. p. 46

Culture II Australia: The Land down under ................................................................................. p. 56

Module 6 Food ......................................................................................................................... p. 58

Module 7 Shops & Services ...................................................................................................... p. 68

Module 8 Travelling & Tourism ................................................................................................ p. 78

Culture III Wales: Land of castles ................................................................................................ p. 88

Module 9 Culture ..................................................................................................................... p. 90

Module 10 Sports ....................................................................................................................... p. 100

Module 11 Health ....................................................................................................................... p. 110

Culture IV South Africa .............................................................................................................. p. 120

Module 12 Science & Technology .............................................................................................. p. 122

Module 13 The Natural World ................................................................................................... p. 132

Module 14 State & Society ......................................................................................................... p. 142

Culture V India ......................................................................................................................... p. 152

Speaking Bank ................................................................................................................................. p. 154

Vocabulary Bank ................................................................................................................................. p. 164

Grammar Section ................................................................................................................................. p. 193

Skills Practice ................................................................................................................................. p. 315

Audioscripts ................................................................................................................................. p. 322

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MODULE 1 People
Vocabulary Facial features Feelings & emotions

1 Fill in: oval, full, fair, puffy, freckled, broad, dark, 4 a) Match the feelings (1-5) to the physical
clear, hollow, pale, thin, spiky, hooked, rosy, sensations (a-e). Then make sentences.
upturned, thick, spotty.
Feelings Physical sensations
1 ....................... nose 5 ......................... lips 1 c embarrassed a tears welling up
2 ................ shoulders 6 .................... cheeks 2 anxious b adrenalin rush
3 ............. complexion 7 ......................... hair 3 excited c hot, red face
4 ........................ eyes 8 ........................ face
4 nervous d heart pounding
5 sorrowful e butterflies in stomach
2 Fill in the gaps with the words crossed, dropped,
flare, purses, raised, shrugged. I was so embarrassed, my face went red.

1 Mark’s jaw ........................ when he heard the b) Label the pictures.

shocking news. • clench your fists • wink • yawn • bite your nails
2 If Jane frowns and her nostrils .................., then • shrug your shoulders • drop your head
you know she’s angry. • blush • stroke your chin • fold your arms
3 Having your arms ........................ is supposed to • scratch your head • cross your legs • frown
show that you are being defensive.
4 You can tell that Amy disapproves of something
when she ........................ her lips.
5 I didn’t know the answer to the question, so I just
........................ my shoulders.
6 Mr Jones ........................ his eyebrows in surprise 1 .................... 2 ....................
when I told him I was moving to France.
3 ....................
3 Use the words in the list to complete the
spidergram.
• short • loose • multi-coloured • baggy 4 ....................
• floral • cotton • large • tight-fitting • smart 5 ....................
• polka-dot • woollen • casual • striped 6 ....................
• formal • denim • small • trendy • checked
• linen • over-sized • plain • knitted • long
• leather • high-heeled • polo-neck
• long/short-sleeved
7 ....................
PATTERN MATERIAL 8 ....................
10 ...................

CLOTHES

STYLE
SIZE 9 ....................

11 ................... 12 ..................
Use words from the spidergram to describe 5 What possible feelings might someone in your
what your classmates are wearing. country have when they: clench their fist? cry?
frown? sweat? tap their fingers? tremble?
When someone clenches their fist, it usually means
that they are angry.
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Character Emphasising feelings

6 Match the words (1-10) to the people (a-j) they 8 Replace the words in bold with their emphatic
describe. synonyms: miserable, appalled, furious, exhilarated,
petrified, devastated.
1 conservative 5 gullible 8 self-righteous 1 Billy was scared when a big dog appeared. ............
2 impatient 6 reliable 9 sentimental 2 Joanne felt excited when she rode her new
3 moody 7 self-confident 10 sociable motorbike for the first time. ................................
4 perfectionist 3 Ruth was shocked when she saw the dirty hotel
room. .......................
a George always wants things to be done
4 Martin’s sad because he failed his exams. .............
without mistakes.
5 Harriet’s cat is seriously ill and Harriet’s upset. .......
b Katie loves going out and meeting new people.
6 I spilled cola all over the new carpet this morning
c Angie is very tender-hearted and likes to and my mum was angry. .......................
remember nice moments.
d Mr Lyons is a trustworthy neighbour. Ethical issues
e Joe is always in a rush and can never wait for
anything.
9 Fill in: future, free, racial, freedom, ill, immigration, will,
minorities, human, right, death, security, sexes, growth.
f It’s easy to play jokes on Elaine; she believes
everything you tell her. In the 19th century, you might have said the civilised
g Mrs Cook hates the idea of anything changing countries were those which provided 1) .......................
in the world. education to their children. In the next century equality of
h Chris never has any doubts about himself or the 2) ......................... was a big issue, with women
fighting for the 3) ......................... to vote and the same
what he is capable of.
wages as men, for example. In today’s globalised world,
i My sister is really temperamental – one minute perhaps a nation’s 4) ......................... rate is a good
she’s happy and the next she’s sad. indicator of how well it treats the people within it, as it
j Sarah is so proud of her beliefs that it annoys shows how many people have chosen to live there. Some
everyone who knows her. would say, however, that the amount of 5) .........................
discrimination faced by people from ethnic 6) .....................
is a better measure of a country’s values. There are many
7 Complete the sentences with the correct form more questions we could ask about any modern society.
of the words in brackets. For example, does the state provide enough social
7) ........................ for the poor, infirm and the unemployed?
1 Lucy is a .............................. (passion) follower of Is there 8) ......................... of speech that allows people to
the latest fashion trends. protest against the government? Do people who are
2 David is quite shy and lacks .............................. terminally or mentally 9) ......................... receive decent
(confident) when speaking in front of crowds. healthcare? Is the country taking the right steps to protect
3 The boys are so easily ............................ (distract) the environment for 10) ......................... generations? In
China, for example, the government allows people to have
that they always get sidetracked from their
only one child to try to control its rapid population
homework.
11) ......................... . Is this a responsible policy, or an
4 I recognise that boy’s face, but I’ve got no
infringement of people’s 12) ........................ rights? There
.............................. (recollect) of meeting him are people who would say that the abolition of the
before. 13) ......................... penalty is the best indicator of how
5 Chris is a very kind person whose heart is full of civilised a country is. But what if a democratic country puts
good .............................. (intent). the issue to the vote and people say yes to a system of
6 Everyone admired Linda for her ............................ state killing for serious criminals? Isn’t following the
(know) of the subject. 14) ......................... of the people the mark of a civilised
society?

See Vocabulary Bank on p. 164 5

 1 Kevin Richardson is a talented animal behaviourist who
interacts with some of the wildest animals in a way most of
us would never even 1) ........ . Believe it or not, Kevin
cuddles and horseplays with hyenas, leopards, and lions,
and even swims with lionesses. In fact, he has 2) ........ a
close relationship with these wild predators that he has
Every once in a while a courageous person earned himself the name ‘The Lion Whisperer’.
comes along and breaks down established ‘The Lion Whisperer’ raises and trains wild animals in a
barriers by doing something truly exceptional. wildlife conservation area outside Johannesburg in
They sometimes even manage to change the South Africa, but instead of using whips and chains to
world by changing the way people think. control the animals, Kevin uses love, patience, and trust
to develop a special bond with them. His 3) ........
method of getting to know each creature individually
has led these normally unfriendly animals to accept him
willingly into their pride.
Kevin says that his secret lies in understanding what
makes each animal happy, angry, upset, or irritated, just
like a mother with her child. Some people think Kevin is
crazy while others 4) ........ him a hero. What is certain is
that his interaction with these animals proves that they
have individual characters, can show emotion and are
capable of developing a relationship with people.
The Lion Whisperer is 5) ........ of the dangers involved in his
work. Having learnt his lesson years ago when an
aggressive four-year-old lion attacked and mauled him,
Kevin says he uses his gut feeling to gauge situations and
decide whether to approach an animal or not. Kevin has
been bitten and scratched numerous times while playing
around with these animals, but he believes that it was never
malicious on their behalf and accepts it as part of the job.
Kevin’s unconventional method has attracted attention
from around the world, including that of scientists and film
directors. He has recently completed a film about the lions
Reading Multiple choice cloze he works with entitled White Lion: Home is a Journey, which
he hopes will 6) ........ by a large number of people and will
1 Look at the picture and the title of the raise awareness of the need to protect these majestic
text. What do you think a lion creatures.
whisperer is? Read through to find out.
How does the picture make you feel?

Study Skills: Multiple Choice Cloze

2 Read the rubric and do the task. Which words helped
you decide?
Read the text quickly to see what it is about. Read
it again sentence by sentence. Pay attention to the 1 A perceive 3 A single 5 A knowing
words before and after each gap as they will help B realise B unique B aware
you decide on your choice. Read the completed C imagine C only C familiar
text again to see if it makes sense.
D suppose D alone D informed

2 A so 4 A consider 6 A being seen

Read the text and complete the gaps with B much B view B to see
the correct option A, B, C or D. C too C regard C be seen
D such D hold D to be seen
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3 Read the text again and answer the questions. Listening True/False statements
1 Why is Kevin Richardson called ‘The Lion
Whisperer’? 10 Read the rubric and the sentences, then do
the listening task.
2 How does Kevin bond with the animals?
3 What is special about his method?
Listen to a specialist talking about training
4 What conclusions about lions can we draw from
pets. Mark the statements (1-5) T (true), or
Kevin’s work?
F (false).
5 What does Kevin hope to achieve by his work?

True False
4 Match the words in bold in the text to their
synonyms: obstacles, relationship, judge, nasty, 1 Animal and human psychologists
teaches, group of lions, injured, psychologist, dignified, use similar methods.
readily, lashes. What part of speech is each? 2 Training methods used on animals in
the past differ from those of today.
5 Choose the correct word. 3 Dogs seldom obey when they feel
their trainer is in charge.
1 To gain the animals’ trust, he deals/treats them 4 A good pet psychologist would
with respect. not use the same approach on a
2 He has a very close/attached relationship with the horse as they would on a cat.
lioness. 5 Pets often develop bad behaviour
3 Kevin aims to rise/raise awareness of the need to for no reason whatsoever.
protect the animals.
4 You need patience if you want to tie/bond with a
wild animal. Speaking Dialogue
5 The lions would never attack and sting/bite him.
11 Read the rubric and do the task in pairs. Use
6 Fill in: truly, attract, willingly, feeling, barriers, earn, the language in the box.
lies, unconventional. Make sentences about
Kevin using the completed phrases. You and your friend are planning to buy
another friend a small pet for their
1 to break down ............................................. birthday. You have different ideas about
2 .................................................. exceptional which pet would be suitable and easiest to
3 to ........................................ himself a name look after. Discuss your ideas and reach a
4 to accept sb ................................................. consensus.
5 the secret ................................................. in
6 gut ............................................................... 1 Give your ideas and arguments.
7 ........................................................ method 2 Find out your partner’s ideas and arguments.
8 to ................................................. attention 3 Try to persuade your partner to accept your ideas.
4 Try to reach a compromise.
7 Tell the class three things you have learnt from
e
the text. Useful Languag
Making suggestions
8 Think! Would you like to do Kevin Why don’t we buy … ? How about buying ... ?
Why don’t we ... ? We could … .
Richardson’s job? In three minutes write a
few sentences. Tell the class. I think we should … .
Agreeing/Disagreeing
• I guess you’re right. That’s a good idea.
9 ICT Find out more about Kevin Richardson’s
• I don’t quite agree with you.
work. Visit his website and click on ‘about’. • I don’t think this is a good idea.
Takes notes. Present them to the class. • That’s not a bad idea.
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Use of English Tenses • Lexicogrammatical word transformations
2 Complete the sentences using the word in bold.
• I’ve never met such a friendly girl.
Use two to five words.
She’s the most friendly girl I’ve ever met. 1 Karen isn’t similar to her mother.
• I’ve never given a speech before. AFTER Karen ...............................................
It’s the first time I’ve ever given a speech. ...................................... her mother.
• It’s a long time since she wrote to me. 2 I lost touch with Ben after I moved house.
She hasn’t written to me for a long time. TALKED I ........................................................
• She came to England two years ago. ........................ since I moved house.
She has been in England for two years. 3 She didn’t start crying until everyone had left.
• The last time I spoke to him was a month ago. BEFORE She waited until everyone .................
I haven’t spoken to him for a month. ......................................... into tears.
• How long ago did he get married? 4 You should have asked for your friends’ advice.
How long is it since he got married? PITY What ................................................
• He hasn’t found a job yet. ask for your friends’ advice.
He still hasn’t found a job. 5 Those trousers are not very fashionable any more.
• She started dyeing her hair a few months ago. FASHION Those trousers ..................................
She’s been dyeing her hair for a few months. ......................... for quite some time.
6 My parents’ 20th anniversary is in September.
HAVE This September my parents ...............
1 Complete the sentences using the word in
........................................... 20 years.
bold. Use two to five words.
7 As he gets older, he becomes more caring.
1 It’s a long time since he last visited grandpa. THE The ...................................................
FOR He .................................................... caring he becomes.
...................................... a long time. 8 Jane described the burglar’s appearance in detail.
2 How long ago did he meet his wife-to-be? DESCRIPTION Jane ..................................................
SINCE How long ......................................... ................. the burglar’s appearance.
................................. his wife-to-be? 9 It was wrong of her to reveal his secret.
3 She has never been to a funeral before. GIVEN She shouldn’t ...................................
EVER It’s the first time ............................... ......................................... his secret.
...................................... to a funeral. 10 He can’t decide whether to accept the offer or not.
4 The last time he had a haircut was three months ago. MIND He can’t ............................................
HAD He .................................................... .........................................................
............................. for three months. whether to accept the offer or not.
5 They got married last year. 11 He was in his late forties when he decided to take
BEEN They .................................................. up writing professionally.
......................................... for a year. BECOME He didn’t ..........................................
6 I’ve never met such an argumentative person before. .................. he was in his late forties.
MOST He is the ........................................... 12 Considering that she’s so young, Mary is very mature.
.......................................... ever met. AGE For ....................................................
7 She hasn’t lost any weight yet. ........................, Mary is very mature.
STILL She ................................................... 13 David used to play the guitar, but he doesn’t any
...................................... any weight. more.
8 He started working for a company three months ago. GIVEN David ................................................
BEEN He ..................................................... ........................................ the guitar.
........... a company for three months. 14 Laura didn’t know any of the people at the party.
NOBODY There ................................................
9 They are the most devoted parents I’ve ever seen. ..................................... at the party.
NEVER I ........................................................ 15 You can buy very cheap birthday cards in this shop.
.............................. devoted parents. NOTHING It costs ..............................................
10 How long is it since you moved house? ................ birthday gifts in this shop.
AGO How .................................................
............................................. house?
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• Word formation • Lexical multiple choice items
3 Read the text and complete the gaps by putting 4 Choose the correct answer.
the verbs in brackets in the appropriate form.
1 My teacher feels ..... of my getting good grades in
What do Elizabeth I, Napoleon, Thomas the final exams.
Jefferson and Winston Churchill all A safe B confident C secure D definite
have in common? Well, apart from the 2 Does she ..... believe that I’ll help her after the way
fact that they were four of the most she spoke to me?
renowned 0) leaders in world history, LEAD A seriously C steadily
they were also all ‘redheads’! Red hair is B genuinely D earnestly
the rarest 1) ...................... hair colour NATURE 3 Peter couldn’t utter a(n) ..... word after he learnt
in humans and today only around 1% of he had won the award.
the world’s 2) .................. is redheaded. POPULATE A single B particular C only D unique
Throughout history, 3) .................. have ART
4 I know ..... how John felt when he scored the
always been fascinated by people with
winning goal for his team.
red hair. For example, Botticelli depicted
A distinctly C particularly
the goddess Venus with red hair in his
B essentially D exactly
4) ...................... painting The Birth of FAME
Venus. In modern times, red hair has 5 Jason felt tired and ..... after working out all
even become a fashion trend, with many afternoon.
people choosing to dye their hair red. A weary B restless C angry D soothed
On the other hand, 5) ................... in PARTICULAR 6 He treats the ..... customers with respect.
Britain, redheaded people continue to A plain B regular C primary D normal
be the victims of 6) ........................... . DISCRIMINATE 7 Parents have to ..... a good example for their kids.
Redheaded schoolchildren are often A set B place C show D put
called 7) ...................... names and even OFFENCE
8 Karen constantly ..... about her children.
some redheaded adults claim to have
A annoys B bothers C disturbs D worries
suffered bullying in the workplace. Most
people think that joking about redheads 9 We ..... her for her sister.
is 8) ............ fun, but redheaded Britons HARM A misunderstood C confused
can sometimes get upset when they are B mistook D misinterpreted
teased about their hair. 10 His rudeness could ..... to him being dismissed.
A raise B generate
C lead D build
Multiple choice cloze
5 Read the text and choose the correct answer.

Many people claim to be able to know when someone is lying. According 1) .................
popular belief, all you have to do is look at a person’s body language; when a person
is lying he becomes nervous and fidgety, touches his nose, and bites his nails.
However, a researcher at Portsmouth University, England, has arrived at an
entirely different conclusion. Dr Samantha Mann carried 2) .................. research
on the behaviour of suspects who had given 3) .................. statements in police
interviews. Mann discovered that liars actually stay quite still. This is because they
are aware that people are looking for body language that could suggest they are
lying. Therefore, liars actually touch their noses 20% less than people who tell
the truth. The same 4) .................. for eye contact. While it is generally
thought that liars avoid eye contact and blink rapidly, in
C to D with
reality, people who are lying 5) .................. sure to 1 A from B by
B down C in D out
maintain eye contact and control their blinking. With 2 A up
C mistaken D incorrect
the findings of her research in mind, Mann claims that 3 A wrong B false
D moves
the best way to spot a liar is to look for people who are 4 A goes B comes C stays
D do
5 A keep B make C take
trying too hard to 6) .................. truthful. D appear
6 A view B display C show 9
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Writing A descriptive essay 1 Read the rubric and answer the questions.
about a person
An international teenage magazine is running an essay
writing competition. Write an essay (200-250 words)
A descriptive essay about a person is about a person you know who has impressed or
an essay in which we describe someone. influenced you. Describe their appearance, personality,
It consists of: hobbies and interests and explain how they have
• an introduction in which we state impressed or influenced you.
who the person is, as well as when,
where, and how we first met them. 1 Who is going to read your essay? 5 Which of the following
• a main body consisting of three
2 What style should you use? should you use?
paragraphs in which we describe
3 What tenses should you use? A a variety of adjectives
their physical appearance, personal
4 Which of the following people B linking words
qualities, and hobbies and interests.
• a conclusion in which we give our should you not write about: a C colloquial expressions
general comments and express how teacher? a relative? a pop star?
we feel about the person. We
mainly use the present simple 2 Read the model essay. Which paragraph:
tense when describing a person we
know or see. When describing a 1 describes the person’s character? 4 describes your feelings
person who we do not see any 2 describes the person’s physical for the person?
more or who is no longer alive, we appearance? 5 describes the person’s
use the past simple tense. 3 describes how you met the person? interests?
Descriptions of people can be found in
narratives, articles, letters, etc and the 1 I first met Coach Andrews when I joined the local sports club
writing style depends on the context when I was only sixteen years old. He has been an inspiration to me
and the audience. The style in essays ever since.
should be formal. 2 Coach Andrews is tall, well-built and very strong. He is in his mid-
Notes: forties with short dark hair and bright blue eyes and he has got a very
• When we describe someone’s nice smile. Coach Andrews usually wears very casual clothes such as
physical appearance, we start with tracksuits, or jeans and T-shirts and trainers.
the general features (i.e. height, 3 Coach Andrews is very energetic and outgoing and is always
build, age) and move on to the running around doing various things. He is an excellent coach. He is
more specific ones (e.g. nose, eyes, hard-working, good-natured and patient and he is very good at
hair, etc). Peter is a tall, well-built motivating athletes. He is also very friendly and loves meeting new
man in his late thirties. He has got people and he is great at cheering people up. However, he can be a
short curly brown hair, blue eyes
bit tough and insensitive at times. For example, he doesn’t hesitate to
and a small nose.
criticise athletes when they do something wrong or if he thinks they
• When we describe someone’s
are being lazy.
personal qualities, we should
support our description with 4 It goes without saying that Coach Andrews is a fan of most
examples or details. When we talk sports and spends most of his time coaching tennis and squash. He
about a person’s negative qualities, also plays a lot of sport himself. He particularly likes watersports and
we should use mild language (e.g. often goes windsurfing and kite surfing.
seems to, can be ... at times). John’s 5 In conclusion, I think Mr Andrews is a
very friendly. He behaves in a fantastic person and I am delighted to
pleasant way and likes to be with have him as my coach. He has helped
other people. He can be impatient at me become a great basketball
times. For example, he gets really player and continues to inspire me
annoyed when he has to wait for to work at my game. He is a
someone. great person that I deeply
respect and admire.

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 1
3 Read the essay again. List all the adjectives 6 Fill in with good, well or kind. Check in your
used to describe appearance and character. dictionaries.
1 ........................ -built 5 .................. -dressed
Appearance tall
2 ................... -hearted 6 .............. -mannered
3 .................... -looking 7 ................ -behaved
Character 4 ................... -natured 8 ............. -humoured
Use the phrases in
sentences of your own.
My uncle is well-built. He’s very
4 Match the character adjectives to the definitions.
strong and has large muscles.
Use them to talk about people you know.
• Your turn

1 cheerful a doesn’t like working 7 Read the rubric and answer the questions.

2 outgoing b doesn’t talk or act politely

Your teacher has asked you to write an
3 popular c tells people what to do essay describing your best friend. Write
4 sensitive
d likes to spend time with people your essay (200-250 words) describing your
e everyone likes them best friend’s appearance, personality,
5 generous hobbies and interests, and say how you
6 f doesn’t like to share things
patient feel about them.
g is always happy & enthusiastic
7 selfish
h doesn’t mind waiting 1 Who is your best friend?
8 lazy
i likes to give things to people 2 What do they look like?
9 rude
j can be easily hurt 3 What kind of person are they?
10 bossy 4 What are their interests and hobbies?
5 Why do you like them so much?
My friend Jenny is a cheerful person who is always
happy and enthusiastic. 8 Use your answers from Ex. 7 and phrases from
the Useful Language box to write your essay.
Follow the plan below.
5 Complete the descriptions using the adjectives:
intelligent, ambitious, amusing, polite, impatient,
kind-hearted, sociable, talkative. (Para 1) name, where/when you met
1 Mary is so ................................... . She never stops (Para 2) appearance
chatting. (Para 3) personality
(Para 4) hobbies/interests
2 Enya is a very ................................. lady. She takes
(Para 5) your feeling and comments about him/her
care of the old people on her street.
e
Useful Languag
3 David is always ...................................... and treats
everyone with respect.
• I first met ... . • ... has been my close friend for ... .
4 Diana is extremely ..................................... and will
Appearance
do anything to succeed.
• ... is quite good-looking/attractive, etc.
5 Charlie is the most ........................................... guy • ... tall and slim with blue eyes and fair hair.
I know. He can make anyone laugh. Character
6 I don’t think anyone is more .................................. • ... is very outgoing.
than Martin. He gets straight As in all his subjects. • ... is always friendly and loves ... .
7 Liam is very .................................... and likes going • ... has a great sense of humour.
out and meeting new people. • ... but can be aggressive/lazy/bossy, etc at times.
8 Mrs Green is very .................................... and loses Feelings
her temper when she has to wait for something. • ... is very special to me.
• It’s a pleasure to be with ... .
• I am glad to have ... as my friend.
11
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Reading Missing sentences

1 a) Describe your personality to the class using

as many adjectives as you can.

b) How many types of personalities do you

think there are? Read the text and find out.

2 Read the text again and for each gap choose

from the sentences A-I the one which best fits
each gap 1-6. There are two extra sentences.

If we are all so unique, why is it that we are always trying to group of people is the dominant or pragmatic type. As the
sort people by personality type? From the beginning of name suggests, the dominant personality type is self-
time, man has been putting people into categories by confident and authoritarian. 4 They are hands-on
analysing their similarities and differences; and the number people and like to get the job done. Finally, there is the
and variety of classifications of personality types is amiable type who loves peace and quiet and will do anything
impressive to say the least. to avoid conflict and arguments. 5 They are loyal,
0 D This theory has its roots in antiquity and is based on the trustworthy and helpful and find it very hard to say no.
four natural elements, earth, air, fire and water. Over time, Studying personality types may not be a pure science 6
various forms of this basic theory developed. The ancient We all have various strengths and qualities and are valuable
Greek physician Hippocrates believed that human emotions members of society. Putting people into categories may not
were caused by fluids in the body, which he called ‘humours’. always seem very wise but at the same time it does develop
According to him these humours were responsible for the an understanding of different characters and shows that
health and personality of an individual. 1 He suggested everyone should be treated with care and respect.
the sanguines, for example, had an excess of blood, were
extrovert and made friends easily, but were often late, forgetful, A In fact, to a large extent, only the names given to
and sometimes sarcastic. This theory achieved great success the categories have changed.
and dominated Western thinking for over two thousand years B The four personality types share some
until the 1700s, when physicians proposed the idea that characteristics, though.
people’s moods were affected by chemicals in the blood. C They are rarely ambitious because they tend to
Despite the decline in popularity of the theory of fluids, a put others first far too often.
large number of modern-day experts believe in the idea of D One of the most commonly followed methods of
four types of personality. 2 Nowadays, the sanguines classification divides humans into four groups
are known as extroverts, but they actually retain much of the based on our temperaments.
same characteristics described by Hippocrates. They are E They are neat and organised and have enormous
outgoing and energetic and love to party, but are not self-discipline.
punctual, can be messy or disorganised, and prone to F Studying personalities isn’t the easiest of tasks.
carelessness. Another modern-day category that many G However, it may help us appreciate our
psychologists use is the analytical type, or what some of us differences.
refer to as the ‘gadget-man’. The analytical personality is the H They might listen to others’ opinions out of
one who likes to have every ‘i’ dotted and every ‘t’ crossed. courtesy but they like to do things their own
Punctuality and order is of prime importance to them. 3 way.
However, they tend to think too much and can be gloomy I He divided them into four categories: choleric,
and irritable at times. A very common label given to another sanguine, melancholic, and phlegmatic.

12
 1
3 Match the words in bold in the text to their Listening Multiple choice
synonyms: dispositions, put forward, keep,
characters, favour, title, types, foremost, liquids,
handled.
9 You will hear people speaking in four
different situations. Listen and choose the best
answer, A, B, or C.

4 Match the highlighted words in the text to 1 Two friends are talking about an event. How does
their antonyms: shy, tidy, cheerful, unfriendly, the girl feel about it?
unfaithful, introvert, unreliable, organised. A sad B scared C shocked
2 Listen to a girl talking on the telephone. Why is

5 Complete the sentences with the correct form she complaining about her sister?
A she’s moody C she’s impatient
of the verbs in the list: affect, avoid, dominate,
achieve, propose, retain, know, treat. B she’s unreliable
3 You are in a clothes shop. Which does the
1 Certain personalities will always try ......................
customer want?
and control others.
A a short skirt C a long dress
2 In the 18th century, a new theory ...................... a
B a pair of shorts
lot of success.
3 The new theory still ......................... some of the 4 Listen to a girl describing a friend. What does she like?
old ideas. A pale complexion C rosy cheeks
4 It is very important ...................... people with B freckled nose
respect, regardless of their weaknesses.
5 Is it true that chemicals in the blood ..................... Speaking Role-play
people’s moods?
6 Amiable people ...................... conflicts. 10 a) Read the rubric, then brainstorm for ideas
7 Hippocrates ...................... the idea that moods under the headings in the rubric (e.g. character
were caused by fluids in the body. strengths: kind, funny etc).
8 People who put others first are ...................... as
amiable personality types. You are at an English summer school. Discuss
with your friend a famous singer or musician
you really admire. Include the four pieces of
6 Tell the class three things you have learnt from information below in your conversation.
the text. negative qualities character strengths

appearance reasons you like them

7 Think! Why do you think the study of
personalities is important to so many people?
Can you think of any practical uses for it? In b) Listen to two people doing the task.
three minutes write a few sentences on the Which person are they talking about? Have all
topic. Tell the class. the points in the rubric been covered? What
objections does the schoolfriend raise and how
are they dealt with?
8 ICT Which of the four personality types are c) In pairs, use your ideas from Exs. 10a and 10b
you? Visit this site: http://www.allthetests.com, to do the task.
type the four temperaments into the search
bar and then do the quiz.
Character is like a tree and reputation like its shadow.
The shadow is what we think of it, the tree is the real thing.
Nelson Mandela, President of South Africa
(1994-1999)
13
MODULE 2 Houses & Homes
Vocabulary Rooms & furniture 3 a) Complete Anne’s description of her dream
home with the correct form of the words in
1 a) Match the furniture from the list to the brackets.
correct number. Describe the photographs.
gilt-framed mirror bedside cabinet My dream home would be a villa by the
sea. It would be a
crystal vase wall cabinet 1) (peace) ........................ place where
I could relax. The
glass coffee table built-in shelves house would be very 2) (space) .......
................., so I’d
have enough room for all my 3) (styl
striped rug draped curtains e) ........................
furniture. It would also have a 4) (build)
mantelpiece French windows ........................ -in
kitchen with every 5) (electric) ..............
blinds fireplace .......... appliance I
could ever need. There would be a brigh
t, 6) (air) ...............
tiled floor headboard living room with a fireplace and a huge
bookcase. The
A bedrooms would have 7) (wood) ..............
1 .......... floors and
7 French windows. My dream home
6 would never be
8) (mess) ........................ . I would
also have a huge
2 garden full of flowers, where I could unw
ind by doing some
gardening.
8
3
5
b) Compare Anne’s dream house to your
4 dream house.
B
Types of homes
9
12 10
11
4 Fill in: mansion, studio, loft, bedsit, prefab house,
basement, maisonette, mobile home, penthouse.
13 1 Mr Stephens is a wealthy man who lives in a huge
........................ in the countryside.
2 The most expensive property in the building is the
14 ........................ because of its spectacular view of
the city.
b) Compare your living room to the one in 3 Jeff spends all his holidays at his ...................... on
photograph A. the coast and he plans to live there in his old age.

2 Fill in: built-in, central, double, private, alarm, 4 None of my rooms get much sunlight because I
live in a ........................ flat.
entrance, spiral.
5 The kitchen and bedroom in Gemma’s flat used
1 We have a real fire in the living room, but the rest
to be separate but she decided to turn it into a
of the house has ....................... heating installed.
........................ .
2 There are ....................... wardrobes with sliding
6 June wanted something bigger than a flat but
doors in both bedrooms.
couldn’t afford a house, so she bought a
3 ....................... glazing in all the windows ensures
........................ in a nice building.
the house stays warm and quiet.
4 Just wait in the ....................... hall and I’ll come 7 Richard likes to tell people his home was built in a
downstairs to help you with your bags. factory and then explain that it’s a ...................... .
5 You should install a(n) ....................... system to 8 The only place to rent I can find for less than £50
improve home security. a week is a tiny ........................ .
6 We don’t need a garage as we’ve got ................ 9 In London many old industrial buildings are being
parking in our street. converted into ........................ apartments.
7 There’s a(n) ....................... staircase that takes
you up to the roof garden.
14
 2
5 Fill in: do, get, clean, move. Buying & selling property
1 We’ll have to ................. up the mess before the
new tenants arrive. 9 Fill in: rate, offer, detached, form, mortgage, price,
2 You can ............. into your flat on Sunday. credit.
3 Unfortunately, we don’t ................. on with our
neighbours. A: Good morning, Mr Lawrence. How can I help you?
4 Our new place is really bare at the moment, but B: Well, I’d like to ask some questions about how I can
once we ................. it up, it’ll become quite cosy. take out a(n) 1) ….........…. for a house I want to buy.
It’s a two-storey 2) ….........…. house in Kent Street.
Renting a flat A: OK. And what price is the property?
B: Well, it’s £300,000, but I hope I can negotiate the
6 Fill in: landlord/landlady, flatmate, estate agent, tenant. 3) ….........…. and get a better deal.
A: Yes, that’s a good idea. I think you should make a(n)
1 I agreed to meet the ........................ at the flat at 4) ….........…. of around £275,000 and see what
3 pm on Tuesday to view it. happens.
2 The ...................... is raising the rent by £30 from B: And what interest 5) ….........…. could you offer me
next month. for the mortgage?
3 The ad says the ........................ can’t have pets. A: Well, you would have to fill in a(n) 6) ….........…. for
4 I need to speak to my new ........................ about us to check your 7) ….........…. history, but generally
the mess he makes in the bathroom every day. we can offer you an interest rate of around 5%.
B: That sounds like a very reasonable offer.
7 Choose the correct preposition. A: I hope so, Mr Lawrence.

1 I live in a lovely place on/at the outskirts of the city.

2 We saw some really nice loft conversions in/on 10 a) Jane and Greg are trying to sell their
property online. Fill in the gaps with the correct
the heart of the city.
words from the list.
3 She rents a bedsit close from/to the centre.
4 I found an apartment that’s within/with walking • suburbs • condition • amenities • centrally
distance of the train station. • off-street • block • central
5 We found a fully-furnished flat in/on the suburbs.

Useful phrases Property for Sale

8 Complete the exchanges with: give a month’s One-bedroomed flat in
notice, fall behind on the rent, be paid in advance, North London – £150,000
let the flat, signed the lease.
The flat is on the second
1 A: The first two months’ rent must ..................... floor of a modern
.................................. . 1) .................... of flats in
B: No problem. Can I write you a cheque? the northern 2) ...............
2 A: What do you think will happen if I ................. of London. Although it
.................................. again? isn’t 3) ............................
B: The landlord might evict you. located, it is close to local 4) ............................., such as
3 A: I decided to rent the flat in Kent Street. a supermarket and a fitness centre. Residents of the
B: Congratulations! Have you ............................. building have 5) .............................. parking. The flat
.................................. yet? includes features such as 6) .............................. heating
4 A: The landlord won’t ......................................... and a balcony with great views of the River Thames. The
to us for 6 months. flat is in very good 7) .............................. . Should you like
B: Yes, most leases are for a 12-month period. to view the property, call 097-3232346.
5 A: You must .......................................................
when you decide to leave the flat.
B: OK, I’ll be sure to do that. b) Write an advert for your house similar to
the one in Ex. 10.
See Vocabulary Bank on p. 166 15
 2
Reading Missing sentences

1 Describe your house to the class. Try to be as

detailed as possible.
I live in a flat on the third floor of a huge block of flats.
There are ... rooms in my house. The living room is ...

Read the text, from which seven sentences have

been removed. Match the sentences (A-I) to the
gaps (1-6) so that the text makes a coherent and
logical whole. There are two extra sentences that Go with the flow!
do not match any gap.
Go with Feng Shui!
Using an ancient art to make a happy home.
Feng shui (pronounced fung shway) is an ancient and consequently improve finances in your life.
Chinese philosophy based on the belief that we Feng shui is all about creating a balanced and
are surrounded by a constant flow of life- harmonious flow of energy around your home. 4
giving energy, called chi, that directly affects In feng shui, the centre of the house affects all other
how we feel and act. It promotes the idea areas and is essential to maintaining good health.
that by understanding and organising the Keep this area clear of clutter because too many
environment in which we live, we can invite objects in the one place can create a barrier and
health, happiness, and harmony into our prevent energy from flowing freely around the
lives. Feng shui home decorating revolves building. Positioning of items in an appropriate place
around the theory that by designing and is of utmost importance. You should place chairs and
arranging the space in which we live, sofas to face doors and have an even number of
we can create a balanced and chairs around a dining table as even numbers bring
harmonious flow of energy and good luck. 5 In the bedroom, never sleep with
consequently improve our lives. your feet facing directly in line with the door. This is
0 F It is map of feng shui, called the ‘coffin position’. When it comes to the
which is used to evaluate our living kitchen, never place the cooker directly opposite the
space. The ba-gua is an octagon- sink as this causes the elements of fire and water to
shaped map divided into eight clash and result in family arguments. 6
sections corresponding to the main areas In fact, in most cases you only need to make a
of life such as health, family, money and few subtle changes in your home in order to achieve
career. 1 At the centre of the ba-gua is the positive results and improve your life in many ways.
Earth, which represents unity and you.
According to feng shui, the objects within the
different areas affect how the energy flows A Never leave only one standing alone in a room, as it is a
through the home and they can be moved and symbol of loneliness.
re-arranged to bring about positive change. B You won’t have to move house as there are, more
To know whether your home has good feng often than not, simple solutions to the problem.
shui, place the ba-gua over a plan of the house C They are spatially represented by the different living
to see if they match. 2 For example, if the spaces in your home.
prosperity area doesn’t fit or doesn’t cover any D The map should contain all the sections in the house.
space in your house, it could explain why you E If not, you will need to move the furniture around.
are having financial problems or are simply not F One of the most important concepts of feng shui is ba-gua.
good with money. Don’t panic though! 3 G It is very important to feng shui philosophy.
In this case, feng shui says that by adding a large H Finally, placing flowers and candles as well as mirrors
mirror to the room you can extend its space into and chimes around the house can greatly improve the
the missing area. Adding lights or chimes can positive flow of energy.
also help create positive energy in this direction I How you decorate your space is vital to your well-being.

16
 2
2 Do the reading task. Which words helped you Listening True/False statements
decide? Now, explain the highlighted words.
9 Do the listening task.
3 Find words in the text which mean:
1 influence ......................... You will hear a radio interview about home
2 in good and even proportion ......................... decorating. Mark the statements (1-5) T (true),
3 measure the value of ......................... or F (false).
4 not present .........................
5 keep at same state or level ......................... True False
6 stop from doing ......................... 1 The interviewer is unfamiliar with
the word ‘Zen’.
2 Zen designers try to make a home
4 Clean or clear? Complete the phrases. Check in
as quiet as possible.
your dictionaries.
3 One important factor in arranging
1 ............. environment 5 ............. conscience a Zen-style home is the usefulness
2 ............. sky 6 ............. argument of objects.
3 ............. break 7 ............. voice 4 The interviewer says bamboo
4 ............. air 8 ............. instructions furniture is fashionable.
5 Zen style involves the use of bright
colours in the home.
5 Choose the correct preposition.

1 We are surrounded of/by energy.

Speaking Monologue
2 Her life revolves around/about her children.
3 The building is divided in/into four sections.
4 The different sections are represented by/of 10 Look at the graph. Interpret the data and
various symbols. answer the questions below.
5 Changing the position of an object can bring
about/up change.
70
6 The arrangement of certain objects can result
People living in flats
to/in family arguments. 68 (source: Eurostat 2009)
66
64
6 Think! Tell the class three things you have 62
learnt from the text. 60
58
56
7 Think! Which feng shui ideas have you 54
already put into practice in your home? Which 52
ones are you planning to use? In three
50
minutes, write a few sentences. Tell the class. Lithuania Latvia Estonia Spain UK Denmark Ireland

1 How does Lithuania compare to other EU

8 ICT In groups collect more information about
countries with regard to the percentage of
feng shui. Present it to the class. population living in flats? Explain.
2 What are the advantages and disadvantages of
living in a house or a flat?
3 Do you prefer to live in a flat or a house? Give
reasons.
17
 2
Use of English Infinitive/Gerund/ • Lexicogrammatical word transformations
Participles 2 Complete the sentences using the word in bold.
Use two to five words.

• It is exciting to live in the city centre. 1 The children can’t wait to meet their new neighbours.
Living in the city centre is exciting. FORWARD The children ......................................
• This room is too small to fit a double bed into. their new neighbours.
This room isn’t spacious enough to fit a double 2 She made him stay in.
WAS He ........................................ stay in.
bed into.
3 He earns too little to be able to afford such a big house.
• She made him do the washing-up.
MAKE He doesn’t ........................................
He was made to do the washing-up.
money to be able to afford such a big
• I prefer living in the country to living in a city.
house.
I prefer to live in the country rather than (in) a city.
4 Could you please help me move this furniture?
• Could you turn the heating on?
HAND Could you give .................................
Would you mind turning the heating on?
this furniture?
• They were amazed at the luxury of the hotel. 5 I don’t think the property owner will accept our
The luxury of the hotel was amazing. offer.
• She had difficulty (in) paying the rent. LIKELY The property owner ..........................
She found it difficult to pay the rent. ................................ down our offer.
• They let tenants use the common gardens. 6 Have you decided whether to move yet?
Tenants are allowed to use the common gardens. MIND Have you made .................................
......................................... move yet?
7 Although they own property, they live in rented
1 Complete the sentences using the word in bold. accommodation.
Use two to five words. SPITE In .....................................................,
they live in rented accommodation.
1 They let residents use the parking spaces free of
8 They finally managed to book a holiday in Lapland.
charge.
SUCCEEDED They finally .......................................
ALLOWED Residents ..........................................
a holiday in Lapland.
the parking spaces free of charge.
9 Buying this antique sofa must have been very expensive.
2 Could you change the light bulb?
FORTUNE It must have .....................................
MIND Would ..............................................
.............................. this antique sofa.
the light bulb?
10 She spent ages sorting out her clothes in the wardrobe.
3 Converting the loft into a studio flat was expensive.
TOOK It ......................................................
CONVERT It was expensive ................................
out her clothes in the wardrobe.
a studio flat.
11 You don’t have to cook dinner as I have already
4 He prefers growing plants to growing trees.
ordered a takeaway.
GROW He prefers to ....................................
POINT There ..................................... dinner
trees.
as I have already ordered a takeaway.
5 John’s mother makes him tidy up his room.
12 You’ll have no difficulty using this burglar alarm.
MADE John .................................................
EASY You’ll ................................................
his room by his mother.
............................ this burglar alarm.
6 She found it difficult to pay off the mortgage.
13 That five-star hotel is so expensive that we can’t stay
DIFFICULTY She ...................................................
there for even one night.
the mortgage.
TOO It is ......................................................
7 The Skyscraper Museum in New York was fascinating.
that five-star hotel for even one night.
FASCINATED They .................................................
14 They are going to demolish the old block of flats
the Skyscraper Museum in New York.
next week.
8 This wooden armchair is too uncomfortable to sit in.
DOWN The old block of flats is going ...........
ENOUGH This wooden armchair ......................
........................................ next week.
................................................ sit in.
15 I didn’t mean to break their expensive crystal vase.
INTENTION I ........................................................
.............. their expensive crystal vase.
18
 2
• Word formation • Lexical multiple choice items
3 Read the text and complete the gaps with the 4 Choose the correct answer.
correct form of the word given at the end of
1 The lease ........ next month, so I’m going to find a
each line.
new flat.
Alexander Remizov has two major A cancels B expires C closes D finishes
0) objectives in his architecture. The first OBJECT
2 Their house is in a great ........ overlooking the lake.
aim is to protect the natural world from
A post B situation C station D position
mankind and the second is to protect
mankind from extreme 1) .................... ENVIRONMENT 3 Any tenant who fails to comply with the rules and
conditions caused by climate change. His ........ will be evicted.
firm, with support from the Architecture A instructions C laws
For Disaster Relief programme, has B orders D regulations
designed a 2) ............... hotel called the FUTURE 4 Do you ........ to know where Peter’s house is?
Ark. It is an impressive 3) ................ of CONSTRUCT A occur B happen C chance D come
arches and cables that looks like a giant
5 The balcony has a great ........ of the sea.
shell. It is almost 4) ................ as it is built DESTRUCT
A vision B sighting C seeing D view
to withstand phenomena such as
earthquakes and 5) ............... waves. On TIDE 6 The holiday cottages have all the ........ of home.
top of that, power is provided by solar A advantages C comforts
panels and water is supplied by a B conveniences D utilities
rainwater 6) .................. system. The COLLECT 7 They were ........ of money, so they couldn’t afford
hotel is also 7) .................... to have DESIGN to buy new furniture.
its own ecosystem, which means it A short B limited C poor D small
can sustain itself with food, 8 You can go to the party, but ....... home by midnight.
water and power while also
A take B make C be D go
being 8) ....................... to RESIST
natural disasters. 9 He won’t leave the flat, and the owner is
threatening legal ........ .
A force B steps C measures D action
Multiple choice cloze 10 She couldn’t ...... the noise from next door any more.
5 Read the text and choose the correct word. A survive B carry C bear D manage

1 A any 4 A out
Ask people about their favourite childhood toys and quite a few will mention B all B through
Lego. However, some children don’t abandon Lego when they grow up. Take C each C back
James May, whose idea to build a life-size Lego house received so much D some D off
public interest that, in July 2009, he began construction. Over 1,000
2 A inspiring 5 A Although
volunteers helped make the bricks, 1) ................ one consisting of 272 Lego
B indulging B Though
pieces, and put the two-storey house together. Apart from a ‘safety frame’
C inserting C Regardless
made out of wood, the rest of the structure was made entirely from Lego,
D including D Despite
2) ................ a staircase, a shower and a toilet! May even stayed overnight in
the house, though he found 3) ................ far from comfortable on the Lego 3 A sleeping 6 A these
bed! Initially, the Lego house was a huge success, but problems arose when B slept B that
the landowners where the house was built needed their land back. At first, C to sleep C those
Legoland, a theme park in Berkshire, planned to relocate the house to its D sleep D this
premises, but the deal fell 4) ................... because of the transport costs
involved. 5) ................... further efforts to find a private collector to take it, the
house was eventually dismantled and its 3.3 million pieces were donated to
charity. Nevertheless, the Lego house was a marvellous architectural
achievement for 6) ..................... involved in its construction.

19
 2
Writing An opinion essay 2 Read the model and match each heading to
a paragraph.
Opinion essays are discursive essays in which we
present our personal opinion on a particular topic.
They are normally written in a formal style. An
opinion essay consists of:
• an introduction in which we introduce the topic
and state our opinion clearly.
• a main body which consists of two or more
paragraphs, each presenting a separate viewpoint
supported by reasons/examples. We can include a
paragraph giving the opposing viewpoint
supported by reasons/examples.
• a conclusion in which we restate our opinion
using different words.
We start each main-body paragraph with an appropriate
topic sentence that states the main idea of the paragraph.
Each topic sentence is followed by supporting sentences
Living in a flat:
that further explain the main idea of the paragraph. the right choice
We use present tenses in this type of essay. We also use
appropriate linking words & phrases to join our ideas. 1 When given the choice of living in a house or
To list viewpoints: To start with, Firstly, In the first place, flat most people would prefer the house. To me,
In addition, Besides, Furthermore, Moreover, Also, etc however, living in a flat is more appealing.
To introduce supporting sentences (examples): 2 Firstly, flats are often located in or near the city
for example, for instance, in particular, such as/like, etc
centre and are therefore very convenient. They are often
To introduce opposing ideas: On the other hand,
in close proximity to shopping and entertainment facilities
However, etc
so there is always something to do. Moreover, it is easier
To conclude: All in all, Lastly, Taking everything into
account, To sum up, All things considered, etc to access public transport or get around on foot.
Formal style is characterised by: 3 Furthermore, living in a flat is usually less
• formal expressions, advanced vocabulary, longer expensive than living in a house. For example, rent
sentences. First-time buyers need to consider their is often lower for a flat and some of the bills such as
financial circumstances carefully before committing maintenance are shared. In addition, living in the
to a mortgage. same building with others means that if you need
• formal linking words/phrases. Moreover, steps help you can easily knock on a neighbour’s door.
should be taken to ... 4 On the other hand, some people say that living
• no use of short forms. There is always something ... in a flat has a number of drawbacks. Flats tend to be
(NOT: There’s always something....) smaller and often don’t have balconies or gardens.
• impersonal tone i.e. use of the passive. Tenants are
Moreover, they can sometimes be noisy, especially if
required to contribute towards the upkeep of the garden.
located on a main street. Blocks of flats also lack
privacy and any rules imposed by the majority of the

1 Read the rubric and answer the questions. people in the building usually have to be respected.
5 All in all, I believe that living in a flat is better
You have had a class discussion about the than living in a house. Although flats are smaller and
following statement: Living in a house is have less privacy than houses, they are more
better than living in a flat. Now write an centrally located and cheaper to live in.
essay (200-250 words) giving your opinion
and reasons to support your views. A subject & opinion
B restate opinion
1 Who is going to read your essay? C first viewpoint & examples
2 Should you use formal or informal language? D opposing viewpoint
3 Do you prefer living in a house or in a flat? Why? E second viewpoint & examples
20
 2
3 What viewpoints does the writer put across? 8 Read the topic sentences and suggest suitable
How do they support each viewpoint? supporting ones.
1 Living in the countryside is more peaceful.
4 Find the linking words the writer uses to: list 2 Learning a foreign language can bring people
viewpoints, introduce examples, introduce opposing more job options.
ideas, conclude. Replace them with synonymous 3 Volunteering helps you make new friends.
ones.
• Your turn
5 Replace the words in bold with synonymous 9 Read the rubric and match the reasons (A-D) to
ones. the viewpoints they support (1-4). Use them to
write your essay. Follow the plan below. Use
1) Furthermore, having a cat as a pet is more
phrases from the Useful Language box.
convenient. 2) For instance, cats don’t need as
You have had a class discussion about the
much attention as dogs do and can be left alone
following statement: Living on campus is
more easily. Dogs can get very lonely and anxious if
the best option for students. Write an essay
their owners are away for too long. 3) What is
(200-250 words) giving your opinion and
more, cats don’t need to be walked at all; all they
reasons to support it.
need is a simple litter box.

A share bedroom,
1 easier to
bathroom, etc
6 Find the topic sentences in the essay. Replace reach lessons/
B no waste of time and
them with appropriate similar ones. library, etc
money travelling to
2 better social
university/college
7 Think of appropriate topic sentences for the life
lack of
C meet more people to
following. 3 make friends with
privacy
D rooms are small so you
4 have limited
1) ........................................................................... . can only take bare
space
Going to school on an empty stomach can make it essentials
difficult to concentrate during lessons. This is because
the brain needs energy from food to work properly.
Even eating something simple before going to school,
like a banana with a glass of milk or a bowl of cereal,
can make you more alert.

2) ...................................................................... .
For one thing, if you take a train you don’t have to
deal with traffic jams. Furthermore, travelling by (Para 1) state the topic & your opinion
train can be much faster than travelling by car. What (Para 2) first viewpoint & reason/example
is more, it is possible to work, read and study on a (Para 3) second viewpoint & reason/example
train, which is not possible if you are driving a car. (Para 4) opposing viewpoint & reason/example
(Para 5) restate your opinion

e
Useful Languag
• Some people believe that living ... . • To me, ... .
• Firstly, living on campus ... . • Moreover, it is …
• In addition, living on campus is … .
• On the other hand, some people say that ... .
• All in all, I believe that living on campus ... .
21
 2
Reading Multiple matching

1 a) Read the rubric, then read the four texts through quickly. What is each text about?

You will read four short texts about people and their idea of a perfect home. Read the descriptions
(A-D) and the questions (1-6) and choose which descriptions match the questions. The descriptions
may be chosen more than once.

b) Do the task. Compare your answers with your partner. Justify your answers.

A I never really felt at home in any of C I had a pretty good idea for a long time of what the perfect
the flats I rented so you won’t be surprised home would be for me and I was set on having it. I started saving
to learn that I always dreamed of having from the minute I got my first job and I knew that it would only be
my own place that I could decorate in my a matter of time before I had the necessary funds. I have mates
own style. When I finally came across my in the real estate business and they had their eyes open for
dream house and got the money together something for me. Then one day, I got a call about this beach
for a deposit on a mortgage, I was thrilled house and I just knew that it was an opportunity I didn’t want to
and once I moved in, I set to work on miss. When I saw it, I simply knew that it was made for me. It is
decorating. I soon realised though that perfectly located on the beach and so I can walk my dog and go
decorating a house isn’t an easy task. surfing any time I like; and of course it is perfect for having guests
Firstly, I found it to be a far more around for barbecues and what not. It couldn’t be better.
expensive enterprise than I had imagined
it would be and so I couldn’t buy exactly
what I wanted. I had to be patient and I D As a child I had to change flats a lot as my parents moved
ended up making a number of quite often for work. In a way I was used to not really having a
compromises. After a while I got quite real base and I guess I never really could or did get attached to
frustrated as I felt it just wasn’t coming anywhere. Yet, as time passed by, I got a bit tired of moving all
together fast enough and I sort of gave up the time and perhaps I suffered from a lack of security; I guess
on it, for the time being at least. deep down inside I longed for a place of I could call home.
What I have now is not what you would call a luxury home and
nothing compared to some of the classy apartments my
B Both my parents are architects and so as I
parents rented but for me it is a dream home. I finally have my
was growing up, I learnt a lot about their
own space that I know is mine and no one is going to come
profession and developed an interest in
and tell me that I have to move tomorrow or the next day. I can
buildings. They are a little disappointed that I
say I am quite content here.
didn’t choose to be an architect too but they
still appreciated my choice to become teacher
of history of art and even encouraged me. In a
way, it is related to architecture after all. Who:
Anyway, I am particularly interested in American was helped by friends? 0 C
colonial houses and, of course, I am now the chose their home based on their lifestyle? 1 ......
proud owner of a small 17th century town had to make changes to their original plan? 2 ......
house, which I restored with the help of my
has settled for a simpler home than what they
dad and decorated with my mum and now live
in. I absolutely love it and have spent a lot of were used to? 3 ......
money on it. It is definitely my dream house and combined their professional interest with their home? 4 ......
I feel very much at home in it. Now, I think I am was disappointed with how things turned out? 5 ......
ready to have my own family. felt they needed more stability in their life? 6 ......

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 2
2 Match the words in bold to their Speaking Dialogue
synonyms.
• brought to its previous condition 5 Read the rubric and do the task in pairs. Use the language
• way • formed • money below.
• wanted very much
• found by chance • friends You and your friend would like to organise a holiday with
• money you get from a bank in a group of your friends. However, you have different ideas
order to buy a house about where to go and what type of accommodation to
choose. Discuss your ideas and reach a consensus.
• Give your ideas and arguments.
3 Miss or lose? Complete the phrases. • Find out your partner’s ideas and arguments.
• Try to persuade your partner to accept your ideas.
1 ........................ my way
• Try to reach a compromise.
2 ........................ breakfast
3 ........................ a contest
4 ........................ money 1 2
5 ........................ a bus
6 ........................ patience
7 ........................ the opportunity
8 ........................ a payment

Listening Note-taking

4 You are going to hear a

3
telephone conversation between
a landlord and a potential tenant.
Listen and complete the table.

Name of owner 0) Mr Newton

Type of 1) …………....…..
accommodation
Address 12 Raglan Road
Floor 2) …………....…..
Heating electric
Monthly rent 3) …………....…..
e
Pets allowed 4) Yes ...... No ..... Useful Languag
Caller’s name 5) …………....….. • I wouldn’t choose … because I don’t … • I wouldn’t like …
Caller’s contact 6) …………....….. • On the other hand, … has a lot of amenities.
number • … looks nice so … • We could all …
• I would definitely choose …

camping: hard ground; can go kayaking and camping; no facilities

(showers, restaurants); be in the open air.
hotel: lots of amenities (swimming pool, restaurants); luxurious
cabin by the lake: nice & convenient; sleep comfortably; balcony; nice
view; do water sports; go for walks; isolated; not expensive

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Culture I
Country Fact File
1 Look at the pictures. What kind of a
Name: Republic of
place do you think Singapore is? Singapore
Read to find out. Location:
southeastern Asia
Size: 710 sq km
2 Read the text again and for each gap Population:
(1-6) choose from the sentences A-I 5,076,700
the one which best fits each. There Capital: Singapore
are two extra sentences.

A Of the five million people who live in

Singapore, only three million are native.
B For example, the Malay verb ‘makan’
is often used to mean ‘eat’.
C In 1834, Singapore officially belonged to
Singapore
the British East Indian Company and in
1864 it became a British Crown Colony.
The Lion City
D Many people come from afar to get a
taste of what it has to offer. The earliest written record of Singapore is a Chinese account
dating to the 3rd century AD in which the island is referred to as
E At the same time, wealthy merchants
‘the island at the end’. It is said that the country got its current
built magnificent private houses and
name in the 13th century when a visiting Malay prince thought he
giant warehouses near the port.
saw lions there and founded a settlement called Singa Pura,
F Singapore enjoys one of the highest
which means Lion City in Sanskrit. 0 G In time, Singapore
standards of living in the world.
became an important trading post, and a stopover for ships
G In reality, though, lions never sailing between China and India. Consequently, it was
inhabited the island. considered a strategic military outpost and over the centuries
H You never get bored in Singapore came under the control of various powers, including the Buddhist
with so many things to do. kingdom, the Muslim empire of Malacca, the Portuguese, the
I In 1965, it became totally Dutch, and finally the British. 1
independent and has enjoyed During the second half of the 19th century, Singapore continued
continuous peace and economic to prosper and became a very important city. It developed
prosperity since. industrially and its population grew rapidly as immigrants arrived
from China, Malaysia and Indonesia. The British erected splendid
public buildings, including beautiful churches and hotels, and the
3 Fill in: backgrounds, immigrants, destination, immigrant communities constructed mosques, temples and
links, merchants, prosperity, record. shrines. 2 By the turn of the 20th century, Singapore had
1 Singapore has experienced a period of become the biggest trading post in the East. It continued to
economic ........................... in the last prosper until World War II, when it was taken over by Japanese
few decades. forces and then re-occupied by the British. Singapore declared
independence from Great Britain in 1963 and briefly joined the
2 ........................... from other countries
Federation of Malaysia. 3
decided to live in Singapore.
3 People of diverse ........................... live in
Singapore.
4 The first written ........................... of the
island dates to the 3rd century AD.
5 Wealthy ........................... used to own
private houses in Singapore.
6 Singapore has become a very popular
tourist ........................... .
7 Many Singaporeans have cultural
................ to other Asian countries.
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 I
4 Fill in: public, standards, trading,
turn, national, current, declare,
diverse, harmony, urban.
1 ............................................ name
2 .............................................. post
3 ....................................... buildings
4 by the ................... of the century
5 to ........................... independence
6 ......................................... identity
Singapore does not have one unique national identity and Singaporeans 7 .......................................... wildlife
have various cultural links to countries such as China, India, Indonesia, 8 high ................................. of living
Malaysia, and Great Britain. Today, the population is made up of 76.8% 9 ................................. development
Chinese, 13.9% Malays, 7.9% Indians, and 1.4% other. English is the 10 live in ............................................
administrative language of Singapore and the medium of instruction in
schools. However, the country has four official languages: English, Malay,
Mandarin, and Tamil. Many people in Singapore speak ‘Singlish’, which is 5 Find phrasal verbs in the text
based on both American and British English but has a number of differences which mean:
including borrowed words from Malay and Mandarin. 4 Education is
1 started being controlled or
very important to Singaporeans and their society is a true meritocracy
managed by
where good results at school and university mean a good job with a good
2 taken control of
salary. People in Singapore sometimes joke about their desire to have the
‘five Cs’; condominium, car, credit card, club membership and career. 3 consists of
5 It has also become a very popular tourist destination, which is not
surprising as it has so much to offer the visitor, from beautiful beaches to
beautiful buildings. It also has a diverse wildlife despite its rapid urban
6 Complete the sentences.
development. It is home to a number of birds, reptiles and mammals, such 1 Singapore is located .................... .
as the long-tailed macaque, the dugong and the dolphin. 2 It got its name ............................ .
There are also a lot of things to do in Singapore. Shopping and dining are 3 Singapore became very important
considered to be national pastimes. 6 Singapore’s cuisine is as a ............................................. .
influenced by both Asian and Western styles, and is an expression of its 4 By the turn of the 20th century
cultural diversity. Singapore is an interesting example of how people of .................................................... .
diverse backgrounds and culture can live together in harmony. 5 The population consists of .......... .
6 Singapore is a popular ................. .
7 The cuisine .................................. .

Did you
KNOW?
7 Think! Compare your
The merlion, a country to Singapore in terms
mythical creature with the head of of: location, history, language,
a lion and the body of a fish, is the official symbol of animals, culture, and attractions.
the city and a reminder of the country’s
connection to its legendary past.
Proverbs
One of Singapore’s most popular • Where there is a sea, there are
dishes is chilli crab, a dish of mud pirates.
crab stir-fried in a sweet tomato • If the mountain goat is in a
and chilli-based good mood, even having no
sauce. grass is fine.
• The big fish sees the mountain
top, the small fish sees the big
fish.
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