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Midterm Lesson 1 Controversies and Conflicting Views in Philippine History

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MIDTERM LESSON 1

Controversies and Conflicting


Views in Philippine History

- Historical Interpretation
• History is the study of the past, but a more
contemporary definition is centered on how it impacts
the present through its consequences.

Geoffrey Barraclough
defines history as “the
attempt to discover, on the
basis of fragmentary
evidence, the significant
things about the past”.
• Barraclough also notes that the history we read,
though based on facts, is strictly speaking, not factual
at all, but a series of accepted judgments.
• Such judgments of historians on how the past should
be seen make the foundation of historical
interpretation
• Historians utilize facts collected from primary sources
of history and then draw their own reading so that
their intended audience may understand the historical
event, a process that in essence, “ makes sense of the
past”.
• Not all primary sources are accessible to a general
audience.
• Without the proper training and background, a non-
historian interpreting a primary source may do more
harm than good –that is , a primary source may even
cause misunderstandings; sometimes, even resulting
in more problems.
• Interpretations of the past vary according to WHO
reads the primary source, WHEN it was read, and
HOW it was read.
• Interpretations of historical events change over time;
therefore, it is an important skill for a student of
history to track these changes in an attempt to
understand the past.
Students of history must be well equipped to recognize:
 Different types of interpretations
 Why these may differ from each other
 How to critically sift these interpretations through
historical evaluation

• Many of the things we accept as “true” about the past


might not be the case anymore; just because these
were taught to us as “facts” when we were younger
does not mean that it is in stone.
• History is a CONSTRUCT, therefore, it is open for
interpretation
• There might be conflicting and competing accounts of
the past that need one’s attention, and can impact
the way we view our country’s history and identity
• It is important to evaluate not only the primary source
but also the historical interpretation of the same, to
ensure the current interpretation is reliable to
support our acceptance of events of the past.
MULTIPERSPECTIVITY
- Can be defined as a way of looking at historical
events, personalities, developments, cultures, and
societies from different perspectives
- There is a multitude of ways by which we can view the
world, and each could be equally valid, and at the
same time, equally partial as well
- Historians may fail in his historical inference,
description, and interpretation. Thus, with
multiperspectivity as an approach in history, we must
understand that historical interpretations contain
discrepancies, contradictions, ambiguities, and are
often the focus of dissent.
• Exploring multiple perspectives in history requires
incorporating source materials that reflect different
views of an event in history, because singular
historical narratives do not provide for space to
inquire and investigate.
• Different sources that counter each other may create
space for more investigation and research, while
providing more evidence for those truths that these
sources agree on.
• Different historical sources also provide different
historical truths
• Different historical agents create different historical
truths
• Prominent Filipino historians did not dissent to Scott’s
findings, but there are still some who would like to
believe that the code is a legitimate document.
Sources:

Candelaria, JL. P. and Alporha, V.C. (2018). Readings in


Philippine History. Philippines: Rex Book Store, Inc.

https://prezi.com/p/yqr33b78_aho/philippine-history-
spaces-for-conflict-controversies/

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