Fish Meal

CASTILLANO/IGLORIA_FISH MEAL
“Fish meal”, coarsely ground powder

made from the cooked flesh of fish. Though
formerly important as a fertilizer, fish meal is
now primarily used in animal feed especially for
poultry, swine, mink, farm-raised fish, and pets.
Certain species of oily fish, such
as menhaden, anchovy, herring, and pilchard, are
the main source of fish meal and its companion
product, fish oil. To be processed into meal,
chopped fish is forced by screw conveyor
through long steam cookers. The cooked mash is then pressed to remove water and oil (which quickly
spoils during storage). The pressed fish cakes are dried by hot air, yielding a meal that is high in vitamin
B12 and contains as much as 50 percent protein.
HISTORY
Fish meal in some form has been used as a

component of animal feeds for centuries, but it is only in
the past 50 years that fish meal production has become a
global enterprise. Fish meal is typically produced from
species of fish not used for direct human consumption, or
from the byproducts of seafood processing. Fish meal is by
far the most valuable non-edible commodity produced
from fishing, and, over the past decade, annual global
production has ranged between 5.5 and 7.5 million tonnes
(Mt). ∼30% of annual global fisheries harvest is used to
produce fish meal; yields from landed fish (wet) to fish
meal (dry) and fish oil average 26%. The wet reduction method of processing is the most widely used
production method, and improvements in production technology have led to a higher proportion of fish
meal production being classified as premium grade. Although annual global production has been
relatively constant over decades, during El Niño years, production in Peru and Chile is substantially
reduced.
Those countries account for about one-third of global production, but up to 65% of the fish meal
traded internationally; thus changes in their production of fish meal greatly affect global supplies and
prices. The largest single use of fish meal is as a constituent of poultry feeds. Aquaculture feeds utilized
less than 10% of annual fish meal production until 1990, but the proportion of annual production used in
fish feeds has tripled over the past decade. Increasing use of fish meal in fish feeds has come primarily at
the expense of its use in poultry feeds. Fish meal is the protein source of choice in feeds for fry of many
species, and in feeds for carnivorous fish species. The amino acid profile of fish meal combines favorably
with plant protein concentrates to produce blended products that support rapid and economical fish
growth. Increasing concerns over the presence of organic contaminants in fish meal from certain areas
may result in restrictions in its use in some aquaculture applications.
Nevertheless, for the foreseeable future, fish meal will be used as a constituent of feeds for many
farmed fish species. Fish meal use is concentrated in a small proportion of global aquaculture production;
nearly 70% of global use is in salmon, trout and shrimp feeds. Predictions of future use of fish meal in
these sectors are for the amount to remain more or less constant, and for the proportion of fish meal used
in feed formulations to decrease. Increasing efforts to reclaim protein from seafood processing byproduct
will increase the supply of fish meal by as much as 10%, enough to offset decreases in production
associated with natural variation in landings and with cessation of fishing for stocks that have been
depleted by overharvesting.
COUNTRIES THAT EXPORTS FISH MEAL
In 2018, Top exporters of Fish meal; fit for human consumption are China ($34,522.89 K,

21,001,200 Kg), Myanmar ($14,654.95K , 15,427,400 Kg), Pakistan ($9,692.46K , 10,334,900 Kg),
Guyana ($7,640.04K , 33,414 Kg), Sweden ($4,246.75K , 397,217 Kg).
Fish Meal Exports by Country in 1000 MT
Rank Country Exports (1000 MT)

1 Peru 1,100
2 Chile 210
3 EU-27 185
4 Viet Nam 165
5 Morocco 160
6 United States 145
7 Iceland 120
8 Thailand 105
9 Mexico 100
10 Russian Federation 80
11 Norway 65
12 Malaysia 55
13 Ecuador 52
14 Korea, Republic Of 50
15 South Africa 50
16 Faroe Islands 30
17 United Kingdom 30
18 New Zealand 20
19 Senegal 12
20 Turkey 7
21 Japan 6
22 Philippines 5
23 Canada 3
24 Indonesia 1
COUNTRIES THAT IMPORTS FISH MEAL
Fish Meal Imports by Country in 1000 MT
Rank Country Imports (1000 MT)

1 China 1,450
2 EU-27 235
3 Japan 192
4 Turkey 175
5 Viet Nam 159
6 Norway 150
7 Taiwan, Province Of China 145
8 United Kingdom 120
9 Indonesia 120
10 Canada 65
11 United States 60
12 Thailand 55
13 Korea, Republic Of 55
14 Malaysia 35
15 Australia 30
16 Chile 24
17 Ecuador 22
18 Philippines 21
19 Colombia 12
20 Mexico 10
21 Faroe Islands 2
22 Russian Federation 2
23 South Africa 1
24 Switzerland 1
25 Peru 1
PRESENT MARKET PRICES OF FISH MEAL
Fish Meal Monthly Price – Philippine Peso per Metric Ton

BENEFITS OF FISH MEAL INCORPORATED INTO FISH DIETS
 Most commercial fishmeal is made from small, bony, and oily fish that otherwise are not suitable
for human consumption and some is manufactured from by-products of seafood processing
industries.
 Addition of fishmeal to animal diets increases feed efficiency and growth through better food
palatability, and enhances nutrient uptake, digestion, and absorption.
 The balanced amino acid composition of fishmeal complements and provides synergistic effects
with other animal and vegetable proteins in the diet to promote fast growth and reduce feeding
costs.
 Fishmeal of high quality provides a balanced amount of all essential amino acids, phospholipids,
and fatty acids (e.g.,DHA or docosahexaenoic acid and EPA or eicosapentaenoic acid) for
optimum development, growth, and reproduction, especially of larvae and brood stock. The
nutrients in fishmeal also aid in disease resistance by boosting and helping to maintain a healthy
functional immune system.
 High-quality fishmeal also allows for formulation of nutrient-dense diets, which promote optimal
growth.
 Incorporation of fishmeal into diets of aquatic animals helps to reduce pollution from the
wastewater effluent by providing greater nutrient digestibility.
 The incorporation of high-quality fishmeal into feed imparts a 'natural or wholesome'

characteristic to the final product, such as that provided by wild fish.
PROTEIN QUALITY OF FISH MEAL
High-quality fishmeal normally contains between 60% and 72% crude protein by weight. From a
nutritional standpoint, fishmeal is the preferred animal protein supplement in the diets of farm animals
and often the major source of protein in diets for fish and shrimp. Typical diets for fish may contain from
32% to 45% total protein by weight, and diets for shrimp may contain 25% to 42% total protein. The
percentages of inclusion rate of fishmeal in diets for carp and tilapia may be from 5–7%, and up to 40% to
55% in trout, salmon, and some marine fishes. A typical inclusion rate of fishmeal in terrestrial livestock
diets is usually 5% or less on a dry matter basis.
FINISH PRODUCT OF FISH MEAL
QUESTION: Is the said minor aquatic product sustainable or not? Explain why?
 Fish meal is unsustainable enough because the industry almost spent more than a year just to have
a solution for a sustainable fish meal for feeding the fish that it farms. They are still finding
alternatives for this.

Fish Meal

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CASTILLANO/IGLORIA_FISH MEAL

“Fish meal”, coarsely ground powder

Fish meal in some form has been used as a

COUNTRIES THAT EXPORTS FISH MEAL

In 2018, Top exporters of Fish meal; fit for human consumption are China ($34,522.89 K,

Fish Meal Exports by Country in 1000 MT

Rank Country Exports (1000 MT)

COUNTRIES THAT IMPORTS FISH MEAL

Fish Meal Imports by Country in 1000 MT

Rank Country Imports (1000 MT)

PRESENT MARKET PRICES OF FISH MEAL

Fish Meal Monthly Price – Philippine Peso per Metric Ton

 The incorporation of high-quality fishmeal into feed imparts a 'natural or wholesome'

PROTEIN QUALITY OF FISH MEAL

FINISH PRODUCT OF FISH MEAL

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