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    ASTM D2583 Standard Testing Method of Measuring Hardness by Barcol Hardness Method

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    HASSAN WASEEM
    This document summarizes several ASTM testing standards for measuring properties of materials, including hardness, density, durometer hardness, peel resistance, surface/volume resistivity, yellowness index, and refractive index. For each standard, a brief description is given of the property being measured, the test method, and key parameters such as specimen size. Diagrams are included illustrating the testing equipment and procedures. Reference sources from Intertek.com provide more detailed information on the standards.

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    ASTM D2583 Standard Testing Method of Measuring Hardness by Barcol Hardness Method

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    HASSAN WASEEM
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    This document summarizes several ASTM testing standards for measuring properties of materials, including hardness, density, durometer hardness, peel resistance, surface/volume resistivity, yellowness index, and refractive index. For each standard, a brief description is given of the property being measured, the test method, and key parameters such as specimen size. Diagrams are included illustrating the testing equipment and procedures. Reference sources from Intertek.com provide more detailed information on the standards.

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    This document summarizes several ASTM testing standards for measuring properties of materials, including hardness, density, durometer hardness, peel resistance, surface/volume resistivity, yellowness index, and refractive index. For each standard, a brief description is given of the property being measured, the test method, and key parameters such as specimen size. Diagrams are included illustrating the testing equipment and procedures. Reference sources from Intertek.com provide more detailed information on the standards.

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    130 views8 pages

    ASTM D2583 Standard Testing Method of Measuring Hardness by Barcol Hardness Method

    Uploaded by

    HASSAN WASEEM
    This document summarizes several ASTM testing standards for measuring properties of materials, including hardness, density, durometer hardness, peel resistance, surface/volume resistivity, yellowness index, and refractive index. For each standard, a brief description is given of the property being measured, the test method, and key parameters such as specimen size. Diagrams are included illustrating the testing equipment and procedures. Reference sources from Intertek.com provide more detailed information on the standards.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 8

    ASTM D2583

    Standard Testing method of Measuring Hardness by Barcol Hardness Method


    Barcol Hardness is used to determine the hardness of both reinforced and non-reinforced rigid
    plastics.
    The specimen is placed in the indentor of the Barcol hardness tester, and uniform pressure is
    applied to it until the dial indicator reaches its maximum. The penetration depth is translated to
    absolute Barcol figures.
    Specimens are required to be a minimum thickness of 1/16th of an inch. [1]

    Figure 1Barcol Hardness Meter

    ASTM D792

    Standard Testing Method for Measuring Density and Specific Gravity


    A material's density is defined as its mass per unit volume. The mass ratio of a particular amount
    of material at 23°C to the same volume of deionized water is measured using specific gravity.
    Specific gravity and density are important because plastic is sold by the pound, and a lower
    density or specific gravity indicates more material per pound or a greater variety of part weights.
    Method A and Method B are the two most common test procedures. Method A, which is the
    most popular, can be utilized with sheet, rod, tube, and molded items. Method A involves
    weighing the specimen in air before immersing it in distilled water at 23°C and using a sinker
    and wire to keep it totally submerged as required. The specific gravity and density are computed.
    Specific gravity = a/[(a + w)-b]
    a = mass of specimen in air.
    b = mass of specimen and sinker (if used) in water.
    W = mass of totally immersed sinker if used and partially immersed wire.

    Density, kg/m3 = (specific gravity) x (997.6)


    [2]

    Figure 2 Density Meter

    ASTM D2240

    Standard Testing Method of Measuring Durometer Hardness and Shore


    Hardness
    Durometer The relative hardness of soft materials, such as plastic or rubber, is determined by
    hardness. The penetration of a specific indentor into the material under specified force and time
    circumstances is measured in this test. The hardness value is frequently used to identify or
    designate a certain elastomer hardness or as a quality control measure on quantities of material.
    First, the specimen is set on a hard, level surface. After that, the instrument's indentor is pressed
    into the specimen, making sure it's parallel to the surface. Within one second (or as defined by
    the customer) of firm contact with the specimen, the hardness is measured.
    The thickness of the test specimens is typically 6.4mm (1/4 in). To attain the 6.4mm thickness,
    numerous specimens can be stacked, however one specimen is ideal.
    The numbers for hardness are obtained from a scale. The Shore A and Shore D hardness scales
    are widely used, with the A scale indicating softer materials and the D scale indicating tougher
    materials. [3]
    Figure 3 Durometer

    ASTM D1876-08(2015) e1

    Standard Test Method for Peel Resistance of Adhesives (T-Peel Test)


    Using a T-type specimen and a tension testing equipment, this test method is generally used to
    determine the relative peel resistance of adhesive bindings between flexible adherends. The test
    specimen's bent, un bonded ends must be secured in the tension testing machine's test grips, and
    a continuous head speed load must be provided. It is required to make an autographic track of the
    load versus head movement or load versus distance peeled. After the initial peak, the peel
    resistance across a specific length of the bond line must be determined.
    Clamp either end of the t-peel specimen in the universal tester / tension testing machine's
    independent test grips. Separate the specimen at a rate of 127 mm (5.0 in) per minute for the
    bond line's (5-in.) length.
    Specimens are cut to 25.4 mm (1.0 in) long x 300 mm (12 in) wide from a T-peel panel. A total
    of ten specimens are examined. [4]
    Figure 4 Peel Testing

    ASTM D257 or IEC 62631-3-1

    Standard Test Method for Surface Resistivity, Volume Resistivity


    The resistance to leakage current along the surface of an insulating substance is known as surface
    resistivity. The resistance to leakage current across the body of an insulating material is known
    as volume resistivity. The smaller the leakage current and the less conductive the material is, the
    higher the surface/volume resistivity.
    A standard size specimen is placed between two electrodes. For sixty seconds, a voltage is
    applied and the resistance is measured. Surface or volume resistivity is calculated, and apparent
    value is given (60 seconds electrification time).
    Surface and Volume resistivity are calculated.
    Surface Resistivity is expressed in ohms (per square)
    Volume Resistivity is expressed in ohms - cm [5]
    Figure 5 Surface Resistivity Measuring Device

    ASTM E313

    Standard Test Method for Yellowness Index (YI)


    The Yellowness Index is a statistic derived from spectrophotometric data that describes the
    transition from clear to yellow in the hue of a test sample. The most typical application of this
    test is to assess color changes in a material induced by actual or simulated outside exposure.
    By altering the surface of the sample, test sample packaging, handling, and preparation (ideally
    without washing) can affect the test findings. These parameters should be identified and
    documented prior to any YI testing because it is often a series of comparative measurements over
    long periods of time.
    The BYK Gardner Spectrophotometer has a high degree of automation. The test sample is
    introduced into the specimen holder, and the spectrophotometer takes the reading after
    specifying the illuminant, observer angle, and reference color. Multiple samples should be taken,
    and the results should be averaged. [6]
    Figure 6 I7 device

    ASTM D542

    Standard Test Method for Refractive Index


    The index of refraction is defined as the ratio of light velocity in a vacuum to light velocity in a
    transparent medium. The index of refraction can be used to determine the bend angle of a light
    beam as it passes through a transparent substance. As a result, the index of refraction is used to
    construct optical lenses and to assess the quality of transparent polymers.
    The test sample is placed on the prism after a little drop of contacting liquid is placed on the
    center of the prism. To align the sample through the eyepiece, the light source, index arm, and
    compensator drum are all adjusted. The refractive index will subsequently be read digitally by
    the refractometer. [7]
    Figure 7 Refractive Index Device

    References

    [1] "INTERTEK.com," ASTM INTERNATIONAL, [Online]. Available:


    https://www.intertek.com/polymers/testlopedia/barcol-hardness-astm-d2583/. [Accessed 05
    02 2022].

    [2] "INTERTEK," ASTM INTERNATIONAL, [Online]. Available:


    https://www.intertek.com/polymers/testlopedia/density-and-specific-gravity-astm-d792/.
    [Accessed 05 02 2022].

    [3] "INTERTEK," ASTM INTERNATIONAL, [Online]. Available:


    https://www.intertek.com/polymers/testlopedia/shore-hardness-astm-d2240/. [Accessed 05
    02 2022].

    [4] "INTERTEK," ASTM INTERNATIONAL, [Online]. Available:


    https://www.intertek.com/polymers/testlopedia/peel-testing/. [Accessed 05 02 2022].

    [5] "INTERTEK," ASTM INTERNATIONAL, [Online]. Available:


    https://www.intertek.com/polymers/testlopedia/surface-and-volume-resistivity-astm-d257/.
    [Accessed 05 02 2022].

    [6] "INTERTEK," ASTM INTERNATIONAL, [Online]. Available:


    https://www.intertek.com/polymers/testlopedia/yellowness-index-astm-e313/. [Accessed 05
    02 2022].

    [7] "INTERTEK," ASTM INTERNATIONAL, [Online]. Available:


    https://www.intertek.com/polymers/testlopedia/refractive-index-astm-d542/. [Accessed 05
    02 2022].

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