PARTICIPANT HANDBOOK

Language:
Hospitality English

Home Health Aide

Home Health Aide
 Introduction

Healthcare sector

The Healthcare industry is an accumulation and integration of various sectors within an

economic system, which provides goods and services for treatment of patients with
curative, preventive, rehabilitative and palliative care. There are various divisions
present in the modern healthcare sector, which is dependent upon trained professional
and paraprofessionals. The healthcare industry today is demanding industry in the
world. It consumes over 10% of the GDP of most developed countries. As per United
Nations International Standard Industrial Classification, modern health care is defined
within the segments of Hospital activities, Medical and Dental practices and other
human health practices. The paramedical healthcare activities are understood in terms
of works conducted under the supervision of nurses, midwives, physiotherapists or
diagnostic laboratories, pathology clinics etc.
Heakthcare sector in India

The Healthcare sector is one of the most rapidly growing sectors in India, both in terms
of earning revenue and employment generation. Here, the healthcare industry is
perceived within the areas of hospitals, medical devices, clinical trials, outsourcing,
telemedicine and the likes. The increasing growth in the industry owes its advancement
to the strengthening of its coverage, services and huge number of trained professionals.
One of the most important aspects of Modern Healthcare is the evolution of the Home
Health Aide. A Home Health Aide provides housekeeping and laundry services:
shopping for food and other household requirements: preparing and serving meals and
snacks. An HHA also provides personal services to bed-ridden patients such as bathing,
dressing and grooming. Thus, an HHA provides the following services:

1.Preparation of meals in accordance with the modified diets or complex modified diets.
2. Administration of medications.
3. Provision of special skin care.
4. Use of medical equipment, supplies and devices.
5. Change of dressing to stable surface wounds.
6. Performing simple measurements and tests to routinely monitor the patient‘s medical
condition.
7. Performing maintenance exercise program.
8. Care of an ostomy after the ostomy has achieved its normal function.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
(HOME HEALTH AIDE)
CHAPTER - 1 ___________________________________________________________________________
MANAGING WORK __________________________________________________P- (01 – 14)
1.1 Draping and undraping a patient
1.2 Performing backrub on the patient
1.3 Giving shower, complete bed bath, partial bed bath or tub bath to patient
1.4 Ensuring that all processes are carried out properly.
1.5 Observe and report abnormal changes during bathing.
CHAPTER - 2 ___________________________________________________________________________
GROOMING THE PATIENT ___________________________________________P- (15 – 25)
2.1. Cleaning and storing dentures.
2.2. Performing oral care in unconscious patients.
2.3 Preparing a patient for hair styling and nail cutting
CHAPTER - 3 ___________________________________________________________________________
ASSISTING A PATIENT IN DRESSING UP _______________________________P- (26 – 31)
3.1 Dressing the Dependent Patients
3.2 Important Points to Remember
3.3 Performing the dressing task for patients with IV lines
3.4 Clinically important observations
CHAPTER - 4 ___________________________________________________________________________
ASSISTING THE PATIENT IN EATING AND DRINKING ____________________P- (32 – 40)
4.1 Importance of Balanced and Healthy diet
4.2 Feeding Assistance to Dependent Patients
4.3 Steps involved in feeding a patient.
4.4 The Home Health Aide also observes for problems with the feedings and reports
observations to the nurse/supervisor including:
4.5 Feeding through Ryle‘s Tubes
4.6 Appropriate diet for different medical conditions
4.7 Record of food intake of the patients
CHAPTER - 5 ___________________________________________________________________________
ASSISTING THE PATIENT WITH ELIMINATION _________________________P- (41 – 48)
5.1 Elimination needs of Patients
5.2 Helping patients with using urinals
5.3 Urinary Catheterization
5.4 Assisting mobile patients with use of Commode ------------------------------------------------
CHAPTER - 6 ___________________________________________________________________________
PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF INFECTIONS __________________________P- (49 –61)
6.1 Spread of infectious disease HIV /AIDS
6.2 Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
6.3 Cleanliness Procedure
6.4 Other points to remember:
6.5 Hand Washing
CHAPTER - 7 ___________________________________________________________________________
COMMUNICATING WITH OLDER PATIENTS ____________________________P- (62 – 70)
7.1 Behavior of patients with different medical conditions:
7.2 The Ageing process: Implications
7.3 Ageing and Communication
CHAPTER - 8 ___________________________________________________________________________
COMPETENCE, AUTHORITY AND CODE OF CONDUCT __________________P- (71 – 75)
8.1 Key Job Responsibilities:
8.2 Personality traits the Home Health Aide must have:
8.3 Practicing one‟s competence and authority
8.4 Direct and Indirect supervision
CHAPTER - 9 ___________________________________________________________________________
EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION _______________________________________P- (76 – 84)
9.1 Importance of integrating and coordinating with various associates
9.2 Major components of Communication
9.3 Different forms and Techniques of Communication
9.4 The Tone of Communication
9.5 Communication with patients
9.6 Verbal Communication Challenges with various kinds of patients
CHAPTER - 10 ___________________________________________________________________________
MANAGING WORK _________________________________________________P- (85 – 89)
10.1 Time Utilization
10.2 Rules and Ethics of Home Health Aide:
CHAPTER - 11 ___________________________________________________________________________
MAINTAINING SAFE AND HEALTHY ENVIRONMENT _____________________P- (90– 95)
11.1 Health and Safety at workplace
11.2 Employers Duties
11.3 Employees duties
11.4 Risk assessment and safety statements
11.5 Protective equipment and measures
11.6 Health and Safety Hazards
11.7 Common hazards at Home
CHAPTER - 12 ___________________________________________________________________________
Bio Medical Waste Disposal ________________________________________P- (96 – 111)
12.1 Categories of Waste
12.2 Types of wastes
12.3 Hazardous Waste Accumulation Process
12.4 Waste Handling
12.5 Non Hazardous Waste Accumulation Process
12.6 Waste Management
12.7 Hospital Waste Management
12.8 Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
12.9 Gloves
12.10 Latex Allergies
12.11 Prohibition of powdered Latex
12.12 Event of Spillage
 CHAPTER 1
ASSISTING PATIENT IN BATHING

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

 Complete Bed bath

 Partialbath
 Bathing the injuredpatient
 Tub bath
_________________________________________________________________________________

PRE-SESSION ACTIVITY:
Geriatric care and child care has many similarities. So along these lines, a trainer at the pre session
may ask the trainees, ―Have you ever seen an infant getting a bath? How careful one needs to be
while giving a bath to infant?
Geriatric care and child care has many similarities. So along these lines, a trainer at the pre
session may ask the trainees, ―Have you ever seen an infant getting a bath? How careful one
needs to be while giving a bath to infant?
Bathing is an important part of personal hygiene. It cleans the skin and makes the patient feel more
comfortable. Bathing stimulates blood circulation and relaxes the patient. Apart from other forms of
bath, Tub baths are also given to the patients and anHHA needs to be careful while giving a bath
especially to the infant.

The HHA has to be very particular about the hygiene of the patient/s. It includes helping the patient
wash; help them maintain their oral hygiene and elimination. These tasks are not complicated, but they
are very important. Good personal hygiene helps the patient maintain a sense of dignity and
independence. Assisting the patient with personal hygiene or doing these tasks for them also provides
a sense of assurance to the patient that their needs are being met.

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1.1 Draping and undraping a patient
The HHA has to be very particular about the hygiene of the patient/s. It includes helping the patient
wash; help them maintain their oral hygiene and elimination. These tasks are not complicated, but they
are very important. Good personal hygiene helps the patient maintain a sense of dignity and
independence. Assisting the patient with personal hygiene or doing these tasks for them also provides
a sense of assurance to the patient that their needs are being met

Draping is a procedure which involves covering a patient and surrounding areas with a sterile barrier to
create and maintain a sterile field before examining a patient. The purpose of draping is to avoid the
spread of microorganism.

1.1.1 Undraping the patient before bath.

An HHA performs the following steps while undraping a patient:
 Inform the patient
 Wear your Personal Protective Equipment
 Ask the patient to sit up.
 Provide support to the patient if he/she is unable to sit up on his/her won.
 Gently remove the clothes off his/her body.

1.1.2 Draping a patient after bath.

An HHA performs the following steps while draping the patient after bath:
 Inform the patient.
 Ensure that the patient‘s body is completely dry after bath.
 Take a sterile cloth and wrap the patient gently.

1.2 Performing back rub on the patient

Back massage is usually given in conjunction with the activities of bathing the patient. It can also be on
other occasions when a patient seems to have a risk of developing skin irritation due to bed rest. The
goal when performing this procedure is to enhance relaxation, reduce muscle tension and stimulate
circulation.
However, performing a back rub is contraindicated in patients with vertebral fractures, rib fractures,
burns, open wounds, bleeding, or heart attack.

Back rub ensures that the patient:

 Feels relaxed and refreshed, as evidenced by verbal or non-verbal response.
 His/her blood supply to the muscles and skin of the back is promoted, as evidenced by a change in
skin color and warmth.
 Feels more comfortable, as evidenced by non-verbal and verbal response.

1.2.1 Steps in performing a back rub.

An HHA should perform the following steps while providing a back rub to the patient:
 Explain the procedure to the patient
 Perform proper hand washing to avoid spread of microorganisms.
 Provide privacy by closing doors and curtains.

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 Assist the patient to the prone position or side-lying position with the back exposed from the
shoulders to the sacral area
 Use the bath blanket to drape the patient. Raise the bed to the high position (use cushions if the bed
is not foldable) and lower the side rail closest to you.
 Warm the lubricant or lotion in the palm of your hand or place the container in warm water.
 Using light gliding strokes, apply lotion to patient‘s shoulders, back, and sacral area.
 Place your hands beside each other at the base of the patient‘s spine and stroke upward to the
shoulders and back downward to the buttocks in slow, continuous strokes. Continue for several
minutes.
 Knead the patient‘s skin by gently alternating grasping and compression motions.
 Complete the massage with additional long stroking movements
 During massaging, observe the patient‘s skin for reddened or open areas. Pay special attention to
the skin over bony prominences.
 Perform hand washing.
 Asses the patient‘s response and note it down.

1.3 Giving shower, complete bed bath, partial bed bath or tub bath to patient
Bathing is an important part of a patient‘s daily care. Not only does it remove sweat, oil, and
microorganisms from the patient‘s skin, but it also stimulates circulation and promotes a feeling of self-
worth by improving the patient‘s appearance. For patients who are on bed rest, bathing can also be a
time for socialization.

Beside its therapeutic benefits, bathing is also an opportune time to communicate with the patient and
to perform a head-to-toe skin assessment.

1.3.1 Procedure of giving bath in the Bathroom:

 Keep the bathroom warm.
 Check if the patient requires going to the toilet before bathing.
 Assess the level of assistance the patient requires. Some patients may need help only while
undressing, or washing their back and feet (these areas may be too difficult for them to reach)
 If the patient is using the bathtub, run cold water into the bathtub first to prevent the base of the tub
from becoming uncomfortably hot. This would also help reduce the amount of steam in the
bathroom.
 The water should be warm and comfortable. Check if the patient is comfortable with the water
temperature.
 If the patient is using the shower, provide him/her with a shower chair; if they have mobility
disorders. The shower chair lends safety and also ensures that the patient does not feel fatigued
due to exhaustion.
 For patients with no mobility disorders, ensure that the toiletries are kept at the lowest rack and
within their reach.
 Advise the patient to avoid locking the door from within to ensure safety. You may leave him/her in
the bathroom, but stay within call, so that in case of any emergency you are there to help.

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1.3.1 Partial bed bath
Sometimes a complete bath is too tiring for a patient. So, a partial bath may be provided to include the
face, hands, axilla (region under the arms), genitalia, back, and buttocks. The patient‗s position during
the bath is determined by their physical conditions and their movement abilities. Unless contraindicated
(undesirable or prohibited), the bed is leveled and movement and position change of the patient is
encouraged.

While washing individual areas, the skin should be checked thoroughly for any malfunction.
During washing, range of motion should be done.
When supporting binders and/or leg bandages are there, the specialist finds out in advance if
they can be removed for skin cleansing, and if they are to be re-applied. The patient
receiving a bed bath will often have tubing attachments that must be handled in the right way
so that they continue to function as the patient moves. All tubing must be carefully checked
before and immediately after position changes. Avoid unnecessarily exposing the patient to
prevent them catching cold. Provide for privacy with the compartment curtain or screen.

Change bath water when it becomes cold, dirty, or excessively soapy. Do not place soap in
bath water. Expose only those body parts that are being washed or bathed. Wear gloves if
danger of contact with body fluids exists. Maintain a neat and clean workarea.
Procedure for partial bath:
Check for the required personal toilet articles and clean linen available. Clear the top of the bedside
cabinet and place the cabinet and chair strategically for optimum workspace. Adjust the room
temperature and provideprivacy.

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2. Prepare supplies and equipment. The following materials should beassembled:
(a) Washbasin and water (within 110 -115ºF).
(b) Ensure hygiene the articles, such as soap, lotion, powder, anddeodorant.
(c) Pajamas orgown.
(d) Linen asnecessary.
(e) Portable screen asnecessary.
(f) Laundry bag orhamper.
(g) Soap and soapdish.
(h) Bath towels (2pieces).
(i) Washcloths (2pieces).
(j) Nail file andcomb.
(k) Disposablegloves.

3. Wash yourhands.
4. Place bath equipment on the tool trolley. Place clean linen on the chair in order ofuse.
5. Loosen top covers at the foot of the bed. Then fold and remove bed spread and blanket. Leave the
top sheet tocover.
6. Lower the side rail, position patient on the outer side of bed considering the safety aspect, and raise
the bed to a workinglevel. Use cushions if the bed is not foldable.
7. Loosen top linens from the foot of the bed; place bath blankets over the top linens. Ask patient to
hold bath blankets while you remove top linens. If the patient is unable, you will have to hold bath
blanket in place while removinglinens.
8. Remove the pillow and raise the head of the bed to semi-Fowler‗s position if patient can tolerate it.
Place it at the backside of the chair (hang the pillow case to receive soiled linen, if laundry hamper
is unavailable). Do not let soiled laundry to touch yourattire.
9. Assist the patient with oralhygiene.
10. Remove the patient‗s gown/pajamas, all undergarments, andjewelry.

1.3.2 Bathing for the injuredpatient:

If a certain patient has an injured arm or shoulder, start removing the coat from the uninjured side.
When only limited movement is permitted, the pajama coat is worn back to front, and left unfastened.
To remove the coat, unbutton and tuck the excess material under the back toward the far shoulder.
Raise the far shoulder, remove the sleeve, and tuck the coat
underthe near shoulder. Raise the near shoulder and pull the coat through, removing it from the near
arm. To remove the pants, loosen the waist tie, unhook, and pull the pants below the hips while
keeping the patient covered with the sheet. Grasping the waist, ease the pants off over the feet.
1. Wash the patient‗s eyes andface
2. Wash the upper limb
3. Wash the chest andabdomen
4. Wash the lowerlimb
5. Wash the back andbuttocks
6. Wash the genitaliaarea

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7. Patients should be helped while cleaning genital area, if the patient has an indwelling catheter, the
entire procedure of genital cleaning should be done forhim.
8. Make the patient wear their pajamas and upper bodyclothing
9. Comb patient‗shair
10. Remove the bath equipment to the utility room; clean and storeit.
11. Remake the bed.

1.3.3 Complete Bed Bath:

There are patients who are unable to leave their beds to bathe. For such patients, daily bed bath can
help with healthy skin, control odor and increased comfort. Patients with problem of pain should be
initially provided with pain relief medication, and once the medicine starts acting, patient should be
givenbath.

Items required for Bed Bath:

o Soap (regular or non - rinsesoap)

o Two washcloths orsponges

o Drytowel

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o Lotion

o Shaving supplies, if planning to shave thepatient

o Comb or other hair careproducts

o Essential toiletries (e.g.. talcum powder, mouth gargle, nailclipper)

o Wash towels for cleansing thebody

o Moist cotton wool for washing the genitalarea

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o Toiletpaper

o Bathtowel

o Facetowel

o Bed linen asrequired

o Cleanclothes

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Procedure of giving Bed Bath:
 Make sure that the fan or air-conditioner is switched-off so that the person does not catchcold.
 Offer a urinal or bedpan, if required, before bed bathing to minimize disruption during the process.
 Prepare all the items required and bring them to the bedside so that they are withinreach.
 Be comforting. Procedure should not be conducted in arush.
 The temperature of the bathing water should be comfortable for thepatient.
 Allow the person to participate as much as their conditionallows.
 Expose only the areas that are to be cleansed in order to preserve the patient‗s modesty. For
example, cover top half of body while washinglegs.
 To make the patient feel comfortable, talk to the person
throughout theprocedure.
 Begin by washing and drying the face, the neck and
ears, following the chest and arms and continue with the
lower part of the chest, abdomen and sides of the body,
followed by the umbilicus and lowerlimbs.
 The patient is then turned on their back and thoroughly
washed anddried
 Change water as often asnecessary.
 Tidy the bed at the same time when the person is
turned on their side for you to clean their back. Remake
the bed with clean linen, if necessary.
 Wash the groins and genitalia region with moist cotton wool. If
 he person is well enough, they should do this unaided.
 Always dry the bathed areas immediately. Pay special attention to the skin folds, particularly those
beneath the breasts, in the groin, between the buttocks and between thetoes.
 Be sure to pat the whole body of the person dry, and remember that rubbing can be harsh for
sensitiveskin.
 Take this opportunity to assess the skin condition. Take note of any redness or broken skin.
 Massage areas with firm circular movements to promote better bloodcirculation.
 Apply skin lotion to keep skin soft and supple. Excessive use of talcum powder should be avoided
as it can cause the skin to be dry and itchy. This may also lead to skin infection.

1.3.5 Tub Bath

A patient, who is not confined to bed and is not
helpless, is recommended to have a tub bath in
some cases. Any assistance in getting in and out of
bed, getting in and out of the tub, and/or reaching
areas of the body while bathing will be rendered by
the Home Health Aide.
 Safety measures should be provided in order to
prevent slipping, tripping orfalling.
 There should be maintenance ofprivacy.
 Encourage the patient to perform self-bath on
his/her own.

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Procedure for tub bath:
Every activity and proceedings are required to be
conducted according to consultation made by a registered
nurse or should be checked as per physician‗s order.
It is important that the tub or the appliancesare cleaned
properly before and after use. Non-skid mat on the bath
tub should be placed prior to the procedure ofbathing.
Gathering the following important items necessary for
bathing:
 Towel
 Washcloth
 Soap
 Deodorant
 Lotion
 Cleangown

1. The patients are required to be assisted during their bath time in the tub. The patients should be
assisted on how to use the callsignals.
2. If the tub is used, fill with warm water at 109ºF (43ºC). Have the patient test the temperature of
water and adjust if needed. Instruct patient on how to use the faucet. If the shower is used, turn
water on and adjust thetemperature.
3. The patients are required to be assisted during their bath time in the tub. The patients should be
assisted on how to use the callsignals.
4. If the tub is used, fill with warm water at 109ºF (43ºC). Have the patient test the temperature of
water and adjust if needed. Instruct patient on how to use the faucet. If the shower is used, turn
water on and adjust thetemperature.
5. Caution patient to use safety bars. Discourage the use of bath oil in the water. Check on patient
every 5 minutes. Do not allow the patient to remain in the tub more than 20 minutes.
6. Return to room when patient signals. Knock beforeentering.
7. Assist patient out of the tub and with the process of drying. If the patient complains of weakness,
vertigo, or syncope, drain the water from tub before the patient gets out and place a towel over the
patient‗sshoulder.
8. Assist the patient into cleaning the gown, robe, and putting slippers. Accompany to their room and
position for their best comfort either on chair orbed.
9. Make bed if the patient can tolerate sitting in a chair. Perform back, hair, nail, and skin care.
10. Return to shower or tub. Place all soiled linens in a laundry bag and return all articles to the
patient‗sbedside.
11. Washhands.

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1.4 Ensuring that all processes are carried out properly.
A Home Health Aide has to take care of a lot of things within the household. Efficiency of the Home
Health Aide, therefore, becomes a key factor in ensuring that a certain patient receives high-quality
care and assistance.It is the responsibility of the Home Health Aide to ensure that all the processes
and procedures are conducted in a systemic and proper manner. The Home Health Aide has to
provide special attention to the following things:
 Discuss the procedures you are going to follow with the patient and to his/her family member/s
 Cleaning is to be done from the cleanest area to the less clean area.
 Use soap which is less alkaline.
 Remove unnecessary items from the work area.
 Monitor verbal and non-verbal reactions of the patient.
 Keep all necessary items which are required for the procedure on the table beside the bed.
 Provide bedpans or urinals if necessary.

The Home Health Aide has to perform the above mentioned duties and responsibilities to ensure safety
and security to the patient.

1.5 Observe and report abnormal changes during bathing.

While washing, a patient may experience physiological changes. The Home Health Aide has to
observe, analyze and report those changes. The physiological changes include:
 Check if there is a change in lip color of the patient.
 Check for rashes or bruises
 Observe the temperature of the patient while washing
 Ask the patient if he/she is feeling pain anywhere in his/her body.
 Check and give first aid if bleeding occurs.
 Make a report of the changes.
 Call the doctor in case of an emergency.

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NOTES
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 DEBRIEFING

 Bathing is beneficial for both the mind andbody

 Types of bathing practiced for old people or patients are partly assisted Self wash, Bathing in bathroom,
Bathing bed bound adultpatient

 The major types of bathsare:

 Bed bath
 Self-Wash
 Bathing in the bathroom Tworeminders:

 Water temperature should be checked before giving baths to thepatients

 After bath, skin should be checked for any lesion/rashes.

Test Yourself:

1. Why is bathing necessary?

__________________________________________________________________________________

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2. Name all types of bathing techniques for patient?

__________________________________________________________________________________

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POST SESSION ACTIVITY

In the practical class, the trainees are asked to identify the tools needed for bathing correctly

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 CHAPTER 2
GROOMING THE PATIENT

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

 Cleaning and storing dentures

 Oral care in unconscious patients
 Hair cutting and nail cutting
 Finger and toe nail care
__________________________________________________________________________________________

PRE-SESSION ACTIVITY:

The trainer displays a chart paper presentation of tools used for hygienic needs. The trainer
asksthetrainees, ―Whatarethetoolsandwhich ofyou all use onaregularbasisandwhy?
Confidentiality and privacy are basic rights of an individual in our society. Safeguarding those rights,
with respect to an individual‗s personal health information, is the ethical and legal obligation of health
care providers. It is a challenge in health care environment. Every nurse understands and respects the
patient‗s need for confidentiality.

2.1 Cleaning and storing dentures.

Dentures are prosthetic devices made to replace missing teeth. They are supported by the surrounding
soft and hard tissues of the oral cavity. Conventional dentures can be removed. However, there are
many designs, some which depend on bonding or clasping onto teeth or dental implants.
Cleaning and storing dentures is an essential responsibility of the Home Health Aide. The HHA has to
perform the following steps while cleaning and storing dentures:
o Remove and wash dentures after eating. Open dentures and run water over it to remove food debris
and loose particles.
o Do not bend or damage the plastic while cleaning.
o Help the patient clean his/her tongue, cheeks and palate after taking out the dentures. Use a soft
toothbrush for the process.
o Soak dentures overnight. Most types of dentures need to remain moist to keep their shape. Place
the dentures in water or a mild denture-soaking solution overnight.
o Rinse dentures before putting them back inside the patient‘s mouth
o Schedule an appointment with a dentist if any kind of problems with the teeth persists.

What to avoid during denture cleaning and storing:

 Abrasive cleaning materials like stiff-bristled brushes, strong cleansers and harsh toothpaste, as
these are too abrasive and can damage the patient‘s dentures.
 Whitening toothpastes are abrasive and should be strictly avoided on dentures.

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 Products containing bleach can weaken dentures and change their color. Avoid soaking dentures
with metal attachments in solutions that contain chlorine because it can corrode the metal.
 Avoid hot or boiling water that could warp the dentures.

2.2 Performing oral care in unconscious patients.

An unconscious patient requires frequent oral hygiene to prevent oral healthproblem. These patients
usually breathe through their mouth and are unable to take in anything by mouth and sordesmight
easily accumulate on the lips, teeth, and tongue causing additional health problems.

Equipment needed to perform mouth care:

o An electric or manual toothbrush, or foambrush

o Toothpaste, dental sticks, andfloss

o An apron or towel to protectclothing

o A cup of water forrinsing

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o Water-based lip balm ormoisturize

o A padded tongue blade

o Small bulb syringe

Steps to perform mouth care in unconscious patients:

o Assemble equipment.
o Place client in side-lying posture.
o Place a towel or waterproof pad under the patient‘s chin.
o Place an emesis basin against the patient‘s mouth or have a suction catheter positioned to remove
secretions from the mouth.
o Use a padded tongue blade to open teeth gently. Leave in place between the back molars. Do not
put your fingers in an unconscious patient's mouth.
o Brush teeth and gums using toothbrush or soft-sponge-ended swab. Cleanse oral cavity using
atoothette.
o Use a small bulb syringe or syringe without needle to wash oral cavity. Use oral suction to remove
pooled secretions.
o Apply petroleum jelly to lips to prevent drying or cracking.

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2.3 Preparing a patient for hair styling and nail cutting
A patient‗s hair should be combed daily. Other hair care is also necessary to enhance the patient‗s
morale, stimulate circulation of the scalp and prevent tangled, matted hair. Hair care is divided as:

i) Daily Care
Encourage the patient to rub their scalp with fingertips to stimulate circulation. Comb hair in a
becoming style. To assist a patient to comb matted and tangled hair, first comb the ends and progress
toward the scalp. Hold the lock of hair being combed between the scalp and the comb to avoid pulling.
Brush the hair asnecessary.
਷ਯਕੂ ਰ੃ ਸ਼ਨ ਜਾਯੀ ਕਯਨ ਦ੃ ਰਈ ਭਯੀਜ਼ ਨੂ ੂੰ ਩ਰ੃ਰਯਤ ਕਯ੅ ਰਕ ਉਸ ਆ਩ਣੀਆਂ ਉਂਗਰਾਂ ਦੀ ਰਿ਩ ਦ੃ ਨਾਰ ਷ਕ੄ਰ਩ ਨੂ ੂੰ ਯੱਫ ਕਯ੃। ਇੱਕ ਵਧੀਆ ਷ਿਾਈਰ
ਦ੃ ਰਵਚ ਵਾਰਾਂ ਦੀ ਕੂੰਘੀ ਕਯ੅। ਆਡ੃ ਸ੅ਏ ਵਾਰਾਂ ਦੀ ਕੂੰਘੀ ਕਯਨ ਦ੃ ਰਈ ਭਯੀਜ਼ ਦੀ ਷ਸਾਇਤਾ ਕਯ੅ ਩ਰਸਰ੃ ਰ਷ਰਯਆਂ ਤ੃ ਕੂੰਘੀ ਪ੃ਯ੅ ਅਤ੃ ਰਪਯ ਷ਕ੄ਰ਩
ਵੱਰ ਅੱਗ੃ ਵਧ੅। ਷ਕ੄ਰ਩ ਅਤ੃ ਕੂੰਘੀ ਦ੃ ਰਵਚ ਭ੆ਜੂਦ ਵਾਰਾਂ ਨੂ ੂੰ ਪੜ ਕ੃ ਕੂੰਘੀ ਪ੃ਯ੅ ਤਾਂ ਜ੅ ਵਾਰਾਂ ਦ੃ ਰਵਚ ਰ ੱਚ ਨਾ ਩ਵ੃। ਰ੅ ੜ ਅਨੁ ਷ਾਯ ਵਾਰਾਂ ਨੂ ੂੰ ਫਯੱਸ਼
ਕਯ੅।

ii) Hair Cut

For a haircut, call the nearest barber and set up an appointment.
The patient or his family members pays directly to the barber.
ਇੱਕ ਸ੃ਅਯ ਕਿ ਦ੃ ਰਈ ਷ਬ ਤੋਂ ਨਜ਼ਦੀਕ ਵਾਰ੃ ਨਾਈ ਨੂ ੂੰ ਫੁਰਾ਑ ਅਤ੃ ਇੱਕ ਭੁਰਾਕਾਤ ਷੄ੈੱਿ
ਕਯ੅। ਭਯੀਜ਼ ਜਾਂ ਉ਷ਦ੃ ਩ਰਯਵਾਯ ਦ੃ ਷ਦੱ਷ ਰ਷ੱਧ੃ ਤ੆ਯ ਤ੃ ਨਾਈ ਦਾ ਬੁ ਗਤਾਨ ਕਯਦ੃ ਸਨ।

iii) Regular shampooing

iii) ਷ਭੇਂ ਷ਭੇਂ ਤ੃ ਸ਼ਭ
੄ ਩ ੂ ਕ ਯਨ ਾ
The patient confined to bed will require a cleansing shampoo at
least every two weeks. Plan the shampoo for a time when the
patient feels rested and has no conflicting treatments or
appointments. If the patient can be moved to a stretcher, do so and
take him to a convenient washing sink. If this is not possible, do the
shampoo in bed.

Equipment required for shampoo procedure:

o Bucket.

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