Design 5: Planning 2 Project Case Study On Building Typologies

AR 331- Architectural Design 5 INSTRUCTOR: AR.
JULINETTE COO
PROJECT CASE STUDY ON BUILDING TYPOLOGIES COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
SUBMITTED BY: GABRIEL ROA BS ARCHITECTURE
DESIGN 5
PLANNING 2
PROJECT CASE STUDY ON BUILDING

TYPOLOGIES
Submitted by:
Gabriel L. Roa
ARCH 3A
Submitted to:
Ar. Julinette Coo
AR 331- Architectural Design 5 INSTRUCTOR: AR. JULINETTE COO
PROJECT CASE STUDIES FOR BUILDING TYPOLOGIES:

Name: Gabriel L. Roa
Arch 3A
groa@use.edu.ph
University of San Agustin
ABSTRACT:
In architecture, there are multiple narratives and interpretations to confer on how to

signify a building or structure according to its formation and design motive. Like other fields of
science, architecture is designed to determine and classify buildings into types. Further
exploration of this topic requires complex evaluation of various design approaches and
architectural relationships of elements describing its building typology. This study encompasses
a part on the discussion and comprehensive analysis of the different building typologies in
architecture, based on its character, identity, and functionality to its environment and the society.
I. INTRODUCTION
Building types are critical to architects because they are a starting point for designing. One
need not reinvent the form if a common building type, say an office building, is wanted. Most
architects develop a sense of common building types over time, even without acknowledging
their importance. Architects know the approximate dimensions, bulk, site placement, and internal
circulation that dictates most types. This allows them to work quickly to determine the parts of
the design problem which are unique: material, orientation, structure, specific dimensions,
entrance, and so on. One school of thought in Italy, started by Saverio Muratori, recognizes the
importance of typology in providing continuity in the city. These architects have been influential
in recognizing the role of type for modern architecture, where the newest buildings are
encouraged to actively assimilate many typological characteristics, without imitating historical
styles.(Wikipedia, 2020)
In urban planning and architecture, typology is the classification of (usually physical)
characteristics commonly found in buildings and urban places, according to their association
with different categories, such as intensity of development (from natural or rural to highly
urban), degrees of formality, and school of thought (for example, modernist or traditional).
Individual characteristics form patterns. Patterns relate elements hierarchically across physical
scales (from small details to large systems). (Wikipedia, 2020)
II. CONTENT
1. Museum: Museum of XXI Century Arts (MAXXI)
Designed by Zaha Hadid Architects, The MAXXI or National Museum of the 21st

century of Arts is a national museum of contemporary art and architecture in the Flaminio
quarter of Rome, Italy. The complex aims at promoting art and architecture through a collection,
conservation study, and exhibition of contemporary works. In addition to the two museums, the
MAXXI includes an auditorium, a library and media library, a bookshop and a cafeteria, spaces
for temporary exhibition, outdoor spaces, live events and commercial activities, laboratories and
spaces for study and leisure. Outside the building, there is a pedestrian walkway which follows
the outline of the building, to restore an urban link that has been blocked for almost a century by
the former military barracks. The museum will bring a lot of attention, by public and media,
together with economic activities, rendering this museum as a central point of Rome, is a
constant look for its contemporary identity. “MAXXI is a mature piece of architecture, the
distillation of years of experimentation, only a fraction of which ever got built. It is the
quintessence of Zaha’s constant attempt to create a landscape as a series of cavernous spaces
drawn with a free, roving line. The resulting piece, rather than prescribing routes, gives the
visitor a sense of exploration “. (Ruth Reid, 2010)
As declared by the architect, the museum is 'not a object-container, but rather a campus
for art', where flows and pathways overlap and connect in order to create a dynamic and
interactive space. Although the program is clear and organized in plan, flexibility of use is the
main goal of the project. Continuity of spaces makes it a suitable place for any kind of moving
and temporary exhibition, without redundant wall divisions or interruptions. Entering the atrium,
the main elements of the project are evident: concrete curved walls, suspended black staircases,
open ceiling catching natural light. By these elements Zaha Hadid intended 'a new fluid kind of
spatiality of multiple perspective points and fragmented geometry, designed to embody the
chaotic fluidity of modern life'.
This statement of the architect, as usual of hers, brought out the question if the concept
of de-constructed fluidity matched with the identity of a “static” city as Rome, and with its
classical heritage. The response of critics and public has been positive. Especially in this context,
in the relation with the existing fabrics, the curved smooth walls dialogue with the neo-classical
symmetrical facades. The new organism includes in it developing the front- side building, by
clean and blind surfaces at the side, thus declaring the feasibility and the need of coexistence.
The museum is well inserted in the urban block situation, taking from it its guidelines, and
opening its cut-end wings as panoramic viewpoints.
Particular attention has been given to the natural lighting, by the thin concrete beams on
the ceiling, together with glass covering and filtering systems. The same beams have a bottom
rail from which art pieces are going to be suspended. The beams, the staircases and the linear
lighting system guide the visitors through the interior walkway, which ends in the large space on
third level. From here, a large window offers a view back to the city, though obstructed by a
massive core.
The museum participates actively to the location – Rome, and its first outskirt, not a part
of the old center, but still central. The Flaminio neighbourhood has been interested in the last
years by a renovation program of public attraction, the latest being the Auditorium by Renzo
Piano. The long MAXXI construction process completes the idea of a renewed city. Moreover,
MAXXI is the first national museum of contemporary art in Italy. It will bring a lot of attentions,
by public and media, together with economical activities, rendering this museum a central point
for Rome, which is in constant look for its contemporary identity. (Andrea Giannotti, 2012)
Analysis and Discussion
MAXXI Museum exhibits an exceptional transformation of mass and design formation,

evident to its exterior value is the plain concrete wall cladding wrapping around the entire
corners of the museum, imposing simplicity using industrial design materials on structural parts
particularly on beams, walls, ceilings, and other surfaces, alongside it is the integration of
modern substances complementing the character and nature of the building into one. Among the
interior spaces, the privilege of light entering the internal area is given much importance with a
blending roof of controllable skylights, windows, and openings. Visitors are invited to enter a
series of continuous spaces that link buildings and galleries generously without isolating
individual spaces apart.
The building imposes a unique link between the occupants of the building to the building
itself, because of the dramatic use of colors of the interior space, such as black painted staircase,
white painted walls, and the exposed color of concrete beams and columns produce a
psychological and emotional influence, which is perfect for the building’s main identity. The
concept of using geometry and dullness of edges form different perspectives of the building is an
artistic method used by the architect to define his own architectural beauty and interpretations.
The museum is an art of rhythm and movement inside and out, brought out particularly
by the architect from which she is known for her flexibility and fluidity of forms, signifying the
importance of modernism and unique implementation of linear and curve patterns, which is
purely suitable to the functionality and identity of the building.
INTERIOR & EXTERIOR PERSPECTIVES

PLANS, ELEVATIONS, SECTIONS & DETAILS

2. Children’s Hospital: EKH Children’s Center
Design studio Integrated Field has created colorful arched interiors filled with animals
and clouds to provide an enjoyable experience for children at a hospital in Samut Sakhon,
Thailand. Playful touches in EKH Children's Hospital include a bright yellow slide that spirals
through the reception and animal shapes above hospital beds and light-up constellations that act
as night lights. Integrated Field wanted the young visitors to the medical facility to be put at ease
in what can be a scary and unfamiliar place.
The designers put fun elements, such as clouds above an indoor swimming pool and soft
play areas in the waiting rooms, to help distract children who could be nervous or feeling unwell.
An indoor swimming pool adds to the fun, with arched windows that form circular reflections in
the water and white clouds decorating the walls against a sky-blue backdrop. In the pharmacy,
the play area is designed so that parents can easily keep an eye on their charges when they're
waiting at the counter.
Arches above doorways and alcoves and rounded seating areas were all designed with a
child's perspective in mind, and these architectural elements were scaled to their height. Rooms
are painted in soft pastel tones, including pink, blue and yellow. "The pastel colour tone
encourages the children's use of imagination," (Integrated Field, 2020). Lighting in all of the
hospital rooms and corridors is also designed to be soft, rather than the harsh fluorescent lights
usually found in hospital settings. In the hospital bathrooms, the girls' toilets are tiled pink and
the boys' yellow. Sinks and urinals are set into arched alcoves, with half of the facilities placed at
a child's height for easy access. "As adults, we find ourselves amazed if not a bit jealous by the
mesmerizing variety and development of children’s toys or even snacks these days," (Integrated
field, 2020). "EKH Children Hospital will change everyone’s perception about what the space of
a children’s hospital can be."(Integrated Field, 2020)
Recognizing that hospitals can be such uncomfortable places for adults to visit that
attempts have been made to make them more pleasant and welcoming environments, Integrated
field explored what might be possible to do the same for children. With children’s mindset,
design approach is to make EKH CHILDREN HOSPITAL a ‘fun’ place by locating a

giant slider situated right at the front of the entrance hall, transforming the waiting area of each
clinic into a playground including indoor swimming pool. The element consequently creates
friendly, warm and safe environment to the children as well as the other visitors. The children
dimension is created using various physical shapes, colors and symbols materialized from design
language that is made up of delicately curved lines and deliberately avoids the perfect geometric
forms. Curved lines are formed into the arches constructed above the doorways and seating areas
with the sizes calculated to correspond with children’s body proportion, creating a built
environment that truly accommodates children’s
behaviors and preferences. The pastel color tone is used to encourage children’s use of
imagination.
A scenario is designed and constructed near the pharmacy counter as a part of the layout
of the ‘waiting area’, which embraces the ‘play space’. The program enables interactions
between parents and children while allowing the adults to watch over their little ones during the
wait. The use of indirect light with all the hallways of the hospital ensures that young patients
won’t be disturbed by discomfort of excessive brightness. Hospital offers four room types with
friendly names of Whale, Turtle, Lion and Rabbit Constellation. Each room is
decorated in a different color and installed above the bed is a glow-in-the-dark constellation with
a customized lamp to provide both a standard lighting and level of illumination that is suitable
for a good night’s sleep.
Analysis and discussion
EKH Children’s Hospital is located in Thailand, whereas it is a structure for healing that
would provide substantial medical services, particularly for children’s care concerns. The
designer intended to prevent the stigma of making the impression for the kids that hospitals are a
place full of negativity and horrific memories, this statement is the main conflict the designer
would like to address in conceptualizing the design approach for the project, as well as serving
the purpose of the design philosophy: playing is healing.
Upon looking at the hospital’s façade you are greeted directly by an overlapping curved
canopy and wood-textured exterior walls that radiate a welcoming and kind sense of
accommodation. Glass walls are used for strategic daylighting of the building to ensure natural
daylight will reflect the floor spaces inside. The interiors are designed with delicate color palettes
of pastel, furniture of various shapes and kinds that are pleasant to the eye is used. It is a healthy
environment for healing among kids, despite the building being limited to a small area it has a lot
of spaces for rehabilitation, leisure, and functional spaces for comfort. It seemed unconventional
for a hospital to be designed like a recreational area, more like a playground, a learning facility,
and a home for little toddlers to enhance their imagination and creativity, but apparently, EPK
Children’s Hospital can integrate both functional purposes.
Within the planning criteria, the distribution of spaces is modified according to their
specific functions and design programs. The design emotive is carefully considered to prevent
stress, negativity, and discomfort among children, but only to provide comfortability and
wellness throughout, which is relevant to the building’s concept and design approach. EPK
Children’s Hospital exceeds the possibility of creating a hospital with the suitability of a home.


3. Primary Schools: Hangzhou Olympic Sports Primary School and Kindergarten
Hangzhou Olympic Sports Experimental Primary School & Kindergarten is located next
to the "Lotus Bowl", the main stadium of the 2022 Asian Games, and the Xixing Bridge, the
entrance gate to the Hangzhou Airport. The site is surrounded by high-rise residential buildings
and viaducts. The site boundary is incomplete and at an angle of about 40 degrees south by east.
The entrance and exit interface of the campus is quite short. To meet the needs of the future
development of school education, the design defuses all kinds of adverse factors through a
unique layout, implanting a new space on the basis of solving the basic functions of the school,
making it connect with the existing teaching space to create unlimited use functions and space
potential. It provides a "dream stage" for children to grow up happily.
The overall urban environment of the surrounding including the neighborhood center of
the adjacent area and super high-rise residential buildings are taken into consideration. On the
premise of meeting the relevant standards, we strive to make breakthroughs and innovations.
To reduce the disturbance to the teaching buildings caused by the playground, the
playground is often placed in the corner away from the buildings in many previous school
designs. However, from another perspective, the school playground is a rare open space in this
high-density urban city full of high-rise buildings. Therefore, the design firmly places the
playground in the center of the site and regards the playground as an important link in the
composition of the school learning space. The sports ground, multi-story buildings, and high-rise
buildings are placed layer by layer, forming a spatial posture from high to low, and improving
the spatial environment of surroundings through the reasonable layout of the school.
The design gets rid of the traditional layout that separates different school ages, and
places children of similar school ages next to each other to realize mixed-age teaching and
promote mutual communication and common growth among students of different grades. The
enlarged corridor enriches its functions such as traffic, learning, conversation, storage, and
information display. The deep combination of educational concepts and architectural design
creates infinite possibilities for schools to realize different new educational modes such as small
class, combined class, and mixed-age. At the bottom of the learning and teaching center, there
are lecture halls, exhibition halls, discussion rooms, small lecture halls, professional classrooms,
and other teaching spaces suitable for various teaching modes. The high-density building volume
and the compound teaching function are effectively and organically integrated together. Various
island-shaped social spaces are floating in the interior, which forms an interpenetrating learning
environment with the courtyard. The teaching and communication space is no longer traditional
and rigid through the flowing plan layout combined with flexible and diverse furniture
arrangement, which is suitable for the development trend of future education.
From the playground, huge stair, overhead platform, inner courtyard to the roof attic, the
multi-level space is formed from low to high, creating three-dimensional outdoor learning and
communication space for students, named as a "dream stage". The top floor of the main teaching
area adopts the form of a sloping roof with a rich cultural atmosphere. The pitched roof, with its
own shape, effectively blocks the elevated noise and ensures the quiet of the core teaching area,
and also creates a beautiful facade, so that citizens can still feel the distinctive campus scenery
from the elevated and high-rise buildings.
The school not only has its own teaching function but through reasonable function layout
and safe and convenient public transportation organization, it can deepen the connection between
the school and the community, making the community become the extension of the school and
the school become the resource of the community. This project fully considers the opening of
part of campus resources to the communities. The living and sports center, outdoor sports field,
and waiting space are set at the secondary entrance near the east side, and the innovation center
is arranged in combination with the main north entrance of the campus. On the premise of not
affecting the normal use of the core teaching area of the school, it provides convenient access to
school for outsiders and maximizes the social sharing of campus resources. Designers hope to
fully understand the change of the campus space and function caused by the future development
trend of education, and also hope that this school can better integrate into the surrounding
community, creating more romance and surprise. Each student's personality, imagination, and
creativity will be inspired to realize a new type of school with the goal of educating people in the
campus space and environment.
Analysis and discussion
Hangzhou Olympic Sport Primary School and Kindergarten is a place of education

located at the central part of development in Hangzhou China. The site area of the campus is
evidently enormous, accommodating school facilities and office buildings with open spaces for
sports and recreation such as courts, and sports fields are present thereof.
The building innovation of this design is more focused on the strategic space urban
consideration that deeply affects the whole design approach and evolution. The resource sharing
strategy is an effective method of developing the relationship of the school out to the community
and provide convenience not only for the students, but also to the public as well would benefit
the existing spaces of the school.
Learning spaces are maximized because of the flexible arrangement of rooms which
provides a more diverse and progressive learning layout strategy. Students are therefore
developing greater possibilities for learning and at the same a taking advantage form a healthy
environment through the help of the design strategies being done.
A dominant integration of modern architecture gave emphasis to the transformation of

the building form and site development of the area. The campus is more likely to function as a
complex for social development that innovates not only the particular site but also the lives of the
people as well.



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AR 331- Architectural Design 5 INSTRUCTOR: AR.

PROJECT CASE STUDY ON BUILDING

PROJECT CASE STUDIES FOR BUILDING TYPOLOGIES:

In architecture, there are multiple narratives and interpretations to confer on how to

1. Museum: Museum of XXI Century Arts (MAXXI)

Designed by Zaha Hadid Architects, The MAXXI or National Museum of the 21st

Analysis and Discussion

MAXXI Museum exhibits an exceptional transformation of mass and design formation,

INTERIOR & EXTERIOR PERSPECTIVES

PLANS, ELEVATIONS, SECTIONS & DETAILS

2. Children’s Hospital: EKH Children’s Center

design approach is to make EKH CHILDREN HOSPITAL a ‘fun’ place by locating a

Analysis and discussion

INTERIOR & EXTERIOR PERSPECTIVES

PLANS, ELEVATIONS, SECTIONS & DETAILS

3. Primary Schools: Hangzhou Olympic Sports Primary School and Kindergarten

Analysis and discussion

Hangzhou Olympic Sport Primary School and Kindergarten is a place of education

A dominant integration of modern architecture gave emphasis to the transformation of

INTERIOR & EXTERIOR PERSPECTIVES

PLANS, ELEVATIONS, SECTIONS & DETAILS

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