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    Document 12

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    Bhavya P
    AIDS is the late stage of HIV infection where the immune system is severely compromised and unable to fight off infections and disease. Someone with AIDS is susceptible to life-threatening conditions like pneumonia, TB, and certain cancers. The only way to know for sure if one has HIV is to take an HIV test, as the virus can be undetectable for years before symptoms appear. HIV is transmitted via blood and certain bodily fluids; prevention methods include safe sex practices, not sharing needles, needle safety, blood screening, and HIV education and testing.

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    Document 12

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    AIDS is the late stage of HIV infection where the immune system is severely compromised and unable to fight off infections and disease. Someone with AIDS is susceptible to life-threatening conditions like pneumonia, TB, and certain cancers. The only way to know for sure if one has HIV is to take an HIV test, as the virus can be undetectable for years before symptoms appear. HIV is transmitted via blood and certain bodily fluids; prevention methods include safe sex practices, not sharing needles, needle safety, blood screening, and HIV education and testing.

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    AIDS is the late stage of HIV infection where the immune system is severely compromised and unable to fight off infections and disease. Someone with AIDS is susceptible to life-threatening conditions like pneumonia, TB, and certain cancers. The only way to know for sure if one has HIV is to take an HIV test, as the virus can be undetectable for years before symptoms appear. HIV is transmitted via blood and certain bodily fluids; prevention methods include safe sex practices, not sharing needles, needle safety, blood screening, and HIV education and testing.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    107 views4 pages

    Document 12

    Uploaded by

    Bhavya P
    AIDS is the late stage of HIV infection where the immune system is severely compromised and unable to fight off infections and disease. Someone with AIDS is susceptible to life-threatening conditions like pneumonia, TB, and certain cancers. The only way to know for sure if one has HIV is to take an HIV test, as the virus can be undetectable for years before symptoms appear. HIV is transmitted via blood and certain bodily fluids; prevention methods include safe sex practices, not sharing needles, needle safety, blood screening, and HIV education and testing.

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    of 4

    What is AIDS?

    AIDS or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome is a disease caused by the HIV virus.
    In this condition, a person’s immune system becomes too weak to fight any kind of
    infection or disease. AIDS is usually the last stage of HIV infection; a stage where the
    body can no longer defend itself and thus spawns various diseases. AIDS, when
    untreated, leads to death.

    AIDS is an advanced HIV infection or late-stage HIV. Someone with AIDS may
    develop a wide range of health conditions like – pneumonia, thrush, fungal
    infections, TB, toxoplasmosis.
    There is also an increased risk of developing a medical illness like cancer and brain
    illnesses. CD4 count refers to the number of T-lymphocytes in a cubic millimetre of
    blood. A person may be referred to as “AIDS-affected” when the CD4 count drops
    below 200 cells per cubic millimetre of blood.
    Causes of AIDS
    The main causes of AIDS is a disorder of cell mediated immune system of the body.
    The disorder is characterized by a reduction in the number of helper. T-cell which
    stimulate antibody production by B-cells. This result in the loss of natural defense
    against viral infection.

    Transmission of AIDS Virus:

    It is only transmitted by a direct contact of infected cells - containing blood of


    patient to the blood of a healthy person as in -
    1) Sexual intercourse with an infected partner if there is tissue injury to permit blood
    contact.
    2) Use of contaminated needles and syringes to inject drugs or vaccines.
    3) Use of contaminated razors, needles for boring pinnae.
    4) Transfusion of infected blood or blood product.
    5) Organ transplant.
    6) Artificial insemination.
    7) Parturition from mother to baby due to rupturing of blood vessels.
    How Do I Know If I Have HIV?
    Most people cannot tell that they have been exposed to, or have acquired, HIV. Initial,
    or acute, symptoms of HIV infection may show up within two to four weeks of
    exposure to HIV, and can include:
    Fever
    Swollen glands
    Sore throat
    Night sweats
    Muscle aches
    Headache
    Extreme tiredness
    Rash
    Some people do not have any symptoms or do not notice the symptoms because
    they are mild, or they think they have a cold or the flu. After these "flu-like" symptoms
    disappear, people living with HIV can go for years without showing any symptoms.
    The only way to know for sure if you are living with HIV is to take an HIV test.

    If you have some of the initial or acute symptoms of HIV, it is important that you be
    tested for HIV antigen (not just HIV antibody). Antigens are pieces of the HIV virus,
    or viral particles. If an HIV antigen is in your blood, tests can identify HIV acquisition
    as soon as two weeks after you have been exposed to the virus.

    Antibodies are proteins that your body makes to mark HIV for destruction by your
    immune system. The body takes one to three months and occasionally up to six
    months to develop these antibodies. This three- to six-month period between
    acquiring HIV and the production of antibodies is called the "window period."
    Therefore, tests that detect antibodies are only reliable one to three months after you
    have been exposed to HIV
    PREVENTIONS FROM AIDS

    Following steps may help in controlling this dreaded disease.


    i) People particularly those in high risk group should be educated about AIDS
    transmission.
    ii) High risk group should refrain from blood donation.
    iii) Disposable needles and syringes should be used.
    iv) Sexual habits should changed immediately.
    v) Before receiving blood, ensure that it has been screened for HIV.
    vi) Routine screening may be done in
    a) Blood Donors,
    b) Organ Donors
    c) Donors of semen and growth hormone,
    d) Patient receiving haemodialysis
    e) Females in high risk group, Who are pregnant or contemplating pregnancy.
    Chastity, life long monogamy, and a clean needle for each injection are the only ways
    to prevents the spread of AIDS. These measure will succeed only in persons not
    already infected.
    Major causes & steps to prevent itReasons of spreading AIDS among world people
    More than 90% of the infected persons are belong to developing countries.
    REASONS :-
    (i) Low-level of socio-economic development.
    (ii) Low health consciousness and facilities
    (iii) A growing unmarried youth population due to delayed marriage
    (iv) High rate of labour migration.
    (v) Low level of literacy among high-risk groups.
    (vi)High incidence of sexuality transmitted diseases and reproductive tract infections
    among men and women

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