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    B.B Genetics in Transfusion Medicine

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    Abode Alharbi
    Genetics and molecular biology play an important role in immunohematology. Genes determine characteristics that are passed from parents to offspring. Chromosomes contain DNA and genes. Mitosis and meiosis are types of cell division. Phenotype is the observable expression of genes, while genotype refers to an individual's genetic makeup inherited from parents. Alleles are variations of a gene. Population genetics examines how genes are inherited and interact within groups. Different patterns of inheritance include autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked dominant, and X-linked recessive.

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    B.B Genetics in Transfusion Medicine

    Uploaded by

    Abode Alharbi
    28 views13 pages
    Genetics and molecular biology play an important role in immunohematology. Genes determine characteristics that are passed from parents to offspring. Chromosomes contain DNA and genes. Mitosis and meiosis are types of cell division. Phenotype is the observable expression of genes, while genotype refers to an individual's genetic makeup inherited from parents. Alleles are variations of a gene. Population genetics examines how genes are inherited and interact within groups. Different patterns of inheritance include autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked dominant, and X-linked recessive.

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    (1) B.B Genetics in Transfusion Medicine

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    Genetics and molecular biology play an important role in immunohematology. Genes determine characteristics that are passed from parents to offspring. Chromosomes contain DNA and genes. Mitosis and meiosis are types of cell division. Phenotype is the observable expression of genes, while genotype refers to an individual's genetic makeup inherited from parents. Alleles are variations of a gene. Population genetics examines how genes are inherited and interact within groups. Different patterns of inheritance include autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked dominant, and X-linked recessive.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    28 views13 pages

    B.B Genetics in Transfusion Medicine

    Uploaded by

    Abode Alharbi
    Genetics and molecular biology play an important role in immunohematology. Genes determine characteristics that are passed from parents to offspring. Chromosomes contain DNA and genes. Mitosis and meiosis are types of cell division. Phenotype is the observable expression of genes, while genotype refers to an individual's genetic makeup inherited from parents. Alleles are variations of a gene. Population genetics examines how genes are inherited and interact within groups. Different patterns of inheritance include autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked dominant, and X-linked recessive.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 13

    Genetics and Molecular

    Biology: Their role in


    Immunohematology.
    Yasser Hassanein,
    D.H.Sc.,M.Sc., MLS (ASCP)CM
    L(1)
    Generalities
    ● Gene:
    ● Basic unit of heredity transferred from a
    parent to offspring held to determine
    some characteristic of offspring
    sequence of nucleotides forming part of
    the chromosome
    ● Genome: complete set of chromosomes
    and genes inherited as a unit from one
    parent
    ● Locus: the specific position of a gene on a
    chromosome
    DNA
    ● Chromosomes are
    composed of long
    linear strands of
    DNA tightly coiled
    around proteins
    called histones
    ● 23 pairs
    ● 22 autosomal
    (homologous)
    ● 1 sex (non-
    homologous)
    Mitosis
    ● Cell division by
    somatic cells in
    which the body
    grows and cells are
    replaced
    ● Diploid cells: 2N,
    reproduced by
    mitosis making
    daughter cells
    Meiosis
    ● Sex cell division
    ● Ova and sperm
    are haploid (1N)
    ● Ensures that when
    zygote formed –
    back to diploid
    cells (2N)
    Definitions
    ● Phenotype: detectable expression of the
    genotype (hair color) not inherited depend on
    genotype and environment (A, B, AB, O)
    ● Genotype: the genetic makeup of individual given
    by parents through reproduction (AA, AO, BB,
    BO, AB, OO)
    ● Allele: one or two or more alternative form of a
    gene arise by mutation found at some place on
    the chromosome
    ● Homozygous: individual has identical alleles at a
    locus. Genotype may be SS or AA
    ● Heterozygous: individual has different alleles at a
    locus. Sickle cell trait (AS)
    Population Genetics

    ●Gene Linkage: genetic traits inherited together


    ●Crossing-over: the exchange of materials between
    homologous chromosomes result in recombinant
    chromosomes
    ●Gene deletion: is a mutation which part of the
    chromosome or sequence of DNA is missing (loss of
    genetic material)
    ●Gene mutation: permanent change of the
    nucleotide sequence of the genome of an organism,
    virus,…
    Population Genetics
    ● Trait: a distinguishing characteristic
    especially of one’s personal
    ● Codominant: the pattern of inheritance
    most frequently expressed by blood
    groups genes
    ● Recessive : inheritable characteristic by
    genes expressed only when inherited from
    both parents
    ● Amorphic: a gene doesn’t produce any
    product.
    Population genetics
    ● Autosomal dominant: a gene on one of
    the non-sex chromosome that is always
    expressed even if one copy present.
    ● Autosomal recessive: genetic condition
    appears only if individual have recessive
    two copies of autosomal gene.
    ● X-linked dominant: genetic inheritance by
    which dominant gene is carried on X-
    chromosome (less common)
    ● X-linked recessive: mutation on X-
    chromosome cause 1 x in male and 2 x in
    Autosomal Dominant
    Autosomal Recessive
    X-linked dominant
    X-linked recessive
    Examples:

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