EXERCISE 1

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 5
Scientists have revealed (1) ______ air pollution may be responsible for a significant reduction in
intelligence. Research conducted for the World Health Organization (WHO) in China showed that
air pollution was responsible for (2) _____ falls in student test scores for languages and arithmetic.
The Chinese study is called, "The impact of exposure to air pollution on cognitive performance". It
was published in a journal called, "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences". The study
took place over a period of four years. Researchers analyzed verbal and arithmetic tests taken by
20,000 people of all ages. They said: "Polluted air may impede cognitive ability (3) _______ people
become older."
Researchers say their study is a warning to the rest of the world, especially to those who live in
cities. The WHO says over 91 per cent of the world population live in areas with toxic air. Air
pollution is currently the fourth highest cause of deaths (4) _______. The researchers discovered that
the longer people were exposed to polluted air, the greater was the damage to their intelligence.
They equated the impact of air pollution to losing a year's worth of education. For those aged over
60, this could be the equivalent of several years of lost education. Researcher Dr Xi Chen warned:
"There is no shortcut to solve this issue. Governments really need to take concrete (5) ______to
reduce air pollution."
Question 1: A. why B. when C. which D. that
Question 2: A. reliable B. loyal C. notable D. dependable
Question 3: A. despite B. although C. as D. because of
Question 4: A. generally B. worldwide C. throughout D. around
Question 5: A. instruments B. ways C. methods D. measures

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the
following questions from 6 to 15
Question 6: In every culture, there are basic standards for social ____ such as personal space
distance, eye contact, amount of body language displayed in public.
A. reaction B. interaction C. relationship D. relation
Question 7: When used the right way, mobile technology has the ____ to help students learn more
and understand that knowledge.
A. ability B. advantage C. development D. potential
Question 8: He told me that ____.
A. he would participate in the conservation campaign yesterday
B. he had participated in the conservation campaign the previous day
C. he participated in the conservation campaign the previous day
D. he has participated in the conservation campaign the previous day
Question 9: Fish and poultry have a much lower impact ____ the environment, and other plant
proteins are even less damaging to the planet.
A. on B. with C. for D. of
Question 10: Reducing gender ____ improves productivity and economic growth of a nation.
A. equality B. inequality C. equalize D. unequal
Question 11: Superstitions still _______ an important part of life for many people in Viet Nam.
A. play B. take C. bring D. do
Question 12: The burning of fossil fuels by factories and motor vehicles has led to air pollution and
_____ acid rain.
A. resulted in B. found out C. given out D. thrown away
Question 13: Some teachers ____ levels of IT are not very high may resist teaching with electronic
devices.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. which
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Question 14: In Portugal, walking backwards will bring bad luck, because it paves ____ way for
the devil to enter.
A. the B. a C. none D. an
Question 15: True gender equality ____ when both men and women reach a balance between work
and family.
A. can achieve B. should be achieved
C. _ D. should achieve

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning
to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions from 16 to 17
Question 16: One way to protect our environment from pollution is to reduce wasteful
consumption.
A. economical B. destructive C. excessive D. costly
Question 17: WWF was set up in 1961 and had its operations in areas such as the preservation of
biological diversity.
A. abundance B. variety C. similarity D. difference

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other
three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions from 18 to 20
Question 18: A. disposal B. submarine C. assignment D. depletion
Question 19: A. delicious B. excited C. encourageD. digital
Question 20: A. finish B. pleasure C. survive D. swallow

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs
correction in each of the following questions from 21 to 23
Question 21: Brenda Beckman's story shows that gender indifferences cannot prevent a person
from pursuing a job.
A. indifferences B. pursuing C. a person D. shows
Question 22: Air pollution also contribute to the greenhouse effect which can lead to a series of
environmental problems such as global warming, polar ice melting, rise of sea levels and loss of
land.
A. lead to B. such as C. contribute D. loss of land
Question 23: An interactive whiteboard is useful for teachers to make grammar or vocabulary
presentations and saving them for using again. 
A. to make B. interactive C. saving D. presentations

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct answer to each of the questions from 24 to 28
HOW TO STOP WATER POLLUTION
Water pollution is one of the biggest threats to the environment today. There are several sources
of water pollution ranging from sewage and fertilizers to soil erosion. The impact of water pollution
on wildlife and their natural habitats can be immense. There are also a number of things that the
average person can do to help stop water pollution.
We should conserve the soil because soil conservation influences water pollution through
erosion. As soil is eroded by water, it transfers sediment from the land to the body of water, which is
polluted by the chemicals in the sediment. Phosphorus and industrial chemicals can be pulled into
water through soil erosion. When phosphorus levels in water become too high, they can lead to
algae blooms that can cause massive fish deaths and make water unsafe for human use. The best
way to prevent soil erosion is to keep the banks of rivers well-covered with plants or trees. Planting
trees can have a significantly positive impact on the reduction in soil erosion.

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 The oil used to lubricate engines in all types of machines needs to be changed regularly. When
the oil is changed, it presents a number of environmental hazards if not disposed of properly. When
a leaky engine releases this oil into the street, it runs to the sewer and makes its way into waterways.
Wherever you see a lot of human recreation, you will almost always see lots of evidence of
human use. Wrappers, bottles and other trash are unfortunately a common site at many well-used
beaches and rivers around the world. It should be fairly obvious that the trash from these places
often ends up in waterways and can cause pollution. Plastics are an especially big issue when it
comes to water contamination at beaches and waterways. Picking up litter wherever you find it is
honestly the best, fastest way to do your part to stop this type of water pollution.
Organize cleaning parties with local people to make the reach larger. Get businesses involved as
sponsors who will donate prizes to the person who collects the most trash if you're having a hard
time finding people to sign up to help.
It is estimated that the consumption of plastic by humans is between 250 and 300 million tons a
year. About 80% of the plastic in the oceans came from the land. Using alternatives to plastics or
using “less disposable” plastics whenever possible can have a surprising impact on ocean pollution.
The fact that plastic is cheap and useful for different purposes makes it obvious choices for many
people.
Question 24: Lubricants can cause environmental hazards when ____.
A. they engines work perfectly B. they are not disposed properly
C. they may be found in the streets D. they are changed regularly
Question 25: The following are the effects of water pollution EXCEPT that ____.
A. it may cause massive fish deaths due to algae blooms
B. it may spoil the beauty of beaches or waterways
C. it may make water unsafe for human use
D. it may keep the banks of rivers well-covered with trees
Question 26: Soil erosion can lead to water pollution because ____.
A. soil erosion can occur naturally everywhere
B. soil can be eroded by rain water
C. massive fish deaths will make the rivers unsafe for human use
D. chemicals in the sediment from the soil erosion will pollute water
Question 27: In order to make beaches clean and green, we should ____.
A. follow the trash from these places which often ends up in waterways
B. ask local people to take part in cleaning up the beaches, maybe with the sponsor from
businesses
C. organize campaigns in which prizes will be given to the business who collects the most trash
D. find places with a lot of human recreation and of evidence of human use
Question 28: We can infer from the passage that ____.
A. _
B. alternatives to plastics or “less disposable” plastics can make the situation worse
C. using plastics only causes ocean pollution
D. we don't know how to stop water pollution

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best completes each
of the following exchanges from 29 to 30
Question 29: Tim : "Could you do me a favor, please?" – Mr. Brown : “__________”
A. No, thanks. I'm fine. B. Let me help you.
C. Yes, go ahead! D. Sure. What can I do for you?
Question 30: Jack : " ___________ " - Daisy : "That's a good idea."
A. Excuse me, I want to add something.
B. What about recycling water for gardening?
C. Glad to work with you.
D. Sorry, can I say something?
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Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part
differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions from 31 to 33
Question 31: A. invented B. entered C. discovered D. studied
Question 32: A. backpack B. distract C. tablet D. debate
Question 33: A. species B. content C. electricity D. sentence

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning
to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions from 34 to 35
Question 34: Stop the degradation of the planet's natural environment and build a future in which
humans live in harmony with nature.
A. fall in love with B. cooperate with
C. agree with D. coexist peacefully with
Question 35: We have beautiful beaches, thick rainforests, exciting volcanoes, and exotic wildlife.
A. picturesque B. ordinary C. unusual D. tempting

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in
meaning to each of the following questions from 36 to 38
Question 36: They should give men and women equal rights to education and employment.
A. Equal rights should be given men and women to education and employment.
B. Men and women should be given equal rights to education and employment.
C. Equal rights should be given education and employment to men and women.
D. Men and women should be given to equal rights for education and employment.
Question 37: Many people believe that no sea in the world is warmer than the Red Sea.
A. Many people believe that the Red Sea is the warmest in the world.
B. Many people believe that the Red Sea is warmer than another sea in the world.
C. It is believed that the Red Sea is the warmer than another sea in the world.
D. The Red Sea is believed to be warmer than others in the world.
Question 38: "I'm sorry I couldn't come to your birthday party last Friday, Jane," Bod said.
A. Bob wishes to come to Jane's birthday party last Friday.
B. Bob apologizes for not coming to Jane's birthday party last Friday.
C. Bob is sorry for not coming to Jane's birthday party last Friday.
D. Bob is sorry about not coming to Jane's birthday party last Friday.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines
each pair of sentences in the following questions from 39 to 40
Question 39: The pub is opposite the Town Hall. I first met my wife there.
A. The pub which I first met my wife is opposite the Town Hall.
B. The pub which I first met my wife there is opposite the Town Hall.
C. The pub I first met my wife there is opposite the Town Hall.
D. The pub where I first met my wife is opposite the Town Hall.
Question 40: Mr. Brown is retiring next month. He has worked for the same university all his life.
A. Mr. Brown, who is retiring next month, has worked for the same university all his life.
B. Mr. Brown who has worked for the same university all his life, is retiring next month.
C. Mr. Brown, who has worked for the same university all his life, is retiring next month.
D. Mr. Brown retiring next month has worked for the same university all his life.

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