MOdule 2 - UNDERSTANDING CURRICULUM

STA.
TERESA COLLEGE
BAUAN BATANGAS
COLLEGE DEPARTMENT
Understanding the Curriculum

Introduction
In this module, the lessons focus on the philosophical, psychological
historical and social foundations of a curriculum as well as the elements
of a curriculum.
Student Learning Objectives (SLO)

1. Recognize the importance of curriculum foundations in curriculum
development
2. Share insights relative to the curriculum foundations
3. Discuss the foundations and elements of a curriculum
Content
A. FOUNDATIONS OF CURRICULUM
1. Philosophical (Philosophy)
Philosophy as a foundation helps curriculum workers in
understanding the nature of knowledge and what subjects or
topics are beneficial. Educators, curriculum makers and teachers
must have embraced a philosophy or philosophies that are
deemed necessary for planning, implementing, and evaluating a
school curriculum. The philosophy that have espoused will help
them define the purpose of the school, the important subjects to
be taught, the kind of learning students must have and how they
can acquire them, the instructional materials, methods and
strategies to be used, and how students will be evaluated.
2. Historical (History)
The history of one’s country can affect its educational system and
the kind of curriculum it has. Exploring the historical foundations
of curriculum can promote a sense of freedom and encourage
educational reform. Reviewing the history of education allows us
to step outside of the here and now, gaining a bigger picture and
seeing ourselves within it, realizing that the field of education
must remain dynamic in order to be effective. Throughout history,
curricular choices have been made out of necessity and to meet
the specific needs of society at the time. Also, it is through history
that we see how predominant philosophies have defined a
society’s values, which in turn determined the current purposes of
education.
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STA. TERESA COLLEGE
BAUAN BATANGAS
COLLEGE DEPARTMENT
3. Psychological (Psychology)
Psychology is a discipline that deals on understanding human
behavior; hence it is important in curriculum development.
According to Print(1993), psychology can provide information in
five important areas:
 Educational objectives
 Student characteristics
 Learning processes
 Teaching methods
 Evaluation procedures
THREE MAJOR GROUPS OF LEARNING THEORY
 Behaviorist Psychology
 Cognitive Psychology
 Humanistic Psychology
4. Social (Sociology & Anthropology)
There is a mutual and encompassing relationship between society
and curriculum because the school exists within the societal
context. Though schools are formal institutions that educate the
people, there are other units of society that educate or influence
the way people think, such as families and friends as well as
communities. Since the society is dynamic, there are many
developments which are difficult to cope with and to adjust to. But
the schools are made to address and understand the changes not
only in one’s country but in the world as well.
B. ELEMENTS/ COMPONENTS OF A CURRICULUM

1. Curriculum Intent (aims, goals, objectives)
2. Subject Matter/Content (Subject/Learner – centered)
Principles to follow in organizing the learning contents
(Palma 1992):
 Balance – Content curriculum should be fairly
distributed in depth and breadth of the particular
learning or discipline. This will ensure that the level or
area will not be overcrowded or less crowded.
 Articulation – Each level of subject matter should be
smoothly connected to the next, glaring gaps or
wasteful overlaps in the subject matter will be avoided.
 Sequence – This is the logical arrangement of the
subject matter. It refers to the deepening and
broadening of content as it is taken up in the higher
level.
 Integration - The horizontal connections are needed in
subject areas that are similar so that learning will be
related to one another.
 Continuity - Learning requires a continuing application
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STA. TERESA COLLEGE
BAUAN BATANGAS
COLLEGE DEPARTMENT
of the new knowledge, skills, attitudes or values so
that theses will be used in daily living. The constant
repetition, review and reinforcement of learning.
3. Curriculum Experience
4. Curriculum Evaluation
Assessment and Evaluation

1. Answer Activity (Discussion)
2. Group Activity
In a sheet of bondpaper, illustrate the interrelationship of the 4
components of curriculum.
Criteria:
Content: 5 pts.
Presentation: 5 pts
Creativity: 5 pts
References
Pawilen, G. (2019). The Teacher and The School Curriculum: A Guide to Curriculum
Development Practice:
Rex Bookstore. Quezon City
Reyes, E. and Dizon, E. (2015). Curriculum Development: Adriana Publishing Co. Inc.
Quezon City
http://www.khayma.com/muhannad/Dr%20Amer%20lectures/curiculum%20lectures
%20en/curriculum%20concepts%20nature%20and%20purposes.pdf
Alvior, Mary G. (January 9, 2015). Four Major Foundations of Curriculum and their
Importance in Education [Blog Post]. In SimplyEducate.Me. Retrieved from
https://simplyeducate.me/2015/01/09/4-major-foundations-of-curriculum-and-their-
importance-in-education/
Prepared: Checked: Approved:
Maria Cristina M. Adalia ______________________ ____________________

Instructor Department Head Dean
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STA. TERESA COLLEGE
BAUAN BATANGAS
COLLEGE DEPARTMENT
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STA.

Understanding the Curriculum

Student Learning Objectives (SLO)

B. ELEMENTS/ COMPONENTS OF A CURRICULUM

Assessment and Evaluation

Prepared: Checked: Approved:

Maria Cristina M. Adalia __

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