GE8076 Professional Ethics in

Engineering

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 PART A

1. What are human values? (APR 2014)(APRIL 2015) Values

decide the standard of behavior. Some universally accepted values
are freedom justice and equality. Other principles of values are
love, care, honesty, integrity, self- respect.

2. What are ethical values? (MAY 2016)

Trustworthiness, respect, responsibility, fairness, caring is ethical
values

3. Distinguish values from ethics and culture. (R-2008)

Values are mainly related to individuals and since they are
related to justice, they remain the same for everyone. E.g. truth,
honesty, empathy and self respect. Values do not change from
individual to individual. Ethics is common to a group of
individuals; the group may be religious or professional. Ethics is
mostly based on some code or law and judgment of any action is
based on code of conduct or law. Ethics change from individual to
individual Culture commonly refers to conduct of a group. E.g.
system of worship, marriage. It may differ from society to society,
nation to nation or religion to religion.

4. What is integrity? (APRIL MAY 2007)

Integrity is the unity of character based on moral values.
Consistency in attitudes, emotions and conduct in relations to
morally justified actions and values are also the part of integrity of
individual. It implies honesty, trustworthiness.

5. Define work ethics (APRIL 2014)

By one’s work one cannot harm others. Any worker cannot escape
accountability. Worker has the moral responsibility to see that no
other person’s right, private or freedom is impaired or
transgressed.

6. What is service learning? (APRIL 2017)

Service learning tells that one has moral responsibility to increase
the desirable effects and to decrease the harmful effects. Any
service should increase the desirable result.

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7. Mention some civic virtues?
Good citizen demand civic virtue. It is the principle of not
harming the surroundings .it also includes living peacefully,
respect for others, protecting the environment and being normally
and ethically good.
8. Write short notes on caring and sharing.
Caring is the essence of moral life. Caring involves feelings,
relationship, contends with other persons and protecting others and
causing least damage to others. Sharing means sharing of feelings,
ideas thoughts, resources and profits. Sharing is always mutually
beneficial. Sharing morally acceptable feelings, resources and
materials is a value.

9. Write notes on honesty. (NOV 2016)

Any human being should imbibe honesty-honesty in acts, honesty
in speech and honesty in beliefs. Honesty is the fundamental virtue
in human relationship even though in may be difficult to follow
some times.

10. What is courage as a value?

Courage implies self-respect and governs confrontations with
danger and risk. It isnot excessive rashes or cowardice, but it is the
middle ground. Taking calculated risks and boldness in facing
crises are the hallmarks of courage as a human value. It defines the
mental make up of an individual in taking bold decisions even
under adverse situations.

11. Define co-operation.

Co-operation means extending help to others, for a good cause.
Co-operation may be through an idea, a suggestion, an assistance
or physical work which extends to others for common benefit.

12. Define empathy.

Empathy means putting self in a position of someone else and
thinking as the later and reasoning suitable action.

13. Define spirituality.

Spirituality raises a man above the materialistic world into a realm
where he seeks peace and real happiness.

15. Define Compromise?

In a negative sense it means to undetermined integrity by violating
one‟s fundamental moral principles. In a positive sense, however,
it means to settle differences bymutual

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concessions or to reconcile conflicts through adjustments in
attitude and conduct.

16. Give the two aspects of Honesty? (NOV 2016) Truthfulness

– meeting responsibilities concerning truth- telling.
Trustworthiness –Meeting responsibilities concerning trust.

17. Differentiate Self-respect and Self-esteem?

Self-respect: It is a moral concept; refers to the virtue properly
valuing oneself.
Self-esteem: It is a psychological concept; means having a positive
attitude toward Oneself, even if the attitude is excessive or
otherwise unwarranted.

18. What are Human values? Explain briefly.

Values are the rules by which we make decisions about right and
wrong, should and shouldn't, good and bad. “Emotional beliefs in
principles regarded as particularly favorable or important for the
individual.”

Types of Values: (a) Right conduct, (b) Peace (c) Truth,

(d) Love, (e) Nonviolence.
19. Factors That Demonstrate a Strong Work
Ethic:
 Integrity,
 Sense of Responsibility, Emphasis on Quality,
Discipline, and
 Sense of Teamwork.

20. Five Characteristics of a Good Work Ethic:

Reliability, Dedication, Productivity, Cooperation, and Character

21. Explain CIVIC VIRTUE.

Civic virtues are the moral duties and rights, as a citizen of the
village or the country or an integral part of the society and
environment.
Civic virtues are divided into four categories:
1. Civic Knowledge
2. Self-Restraint
3. Self-Assertion
4. Self-Reliance

22. Explain Respect for others.

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Respect is a positive feeling of admiration or deference for a
person. Respect can be a specific feeling of regard for the actual
qualities of the one respected. It can also be conduct in accord
with a specific ethic of respect. Treating people with respect
makes your world a nicer place to live in, whether it's at home, at
school, or out in your community. Don't insult people or make fun
of them.

23. Explain Living Peacefully.

To live peacefully, one should start install peace within (self).
Charity begins at home. Then one can spread peace to family,
organization where one works, and then to the world, including the
environment. Only who are at peace can spread peace. You
cannot gift an article which you do not possess. The essence of
oriental philosophy is that one should not fight for peace. It is
oxymoron. War or peace can be won only by peace, and not by
wars! One should adopt the following means to live peacefully, in
the world

24. Explain Stress Management.

Stress management refers to the wide spectrum of techniques
and psychotherapies aimed at controlling a person's levels of
stress, especially chronic stress, usually for the purpose of
improving every day functioning. Stress is a normal
psychological and physical reaction to the ever-increasing
demands of life. Surveys show that many Americans
experience challenges with stress at some point during the year.

25. Define spirituality? (Nov/Dec 15)

Spirituality raises a man above the materialistic world into
a realm where he seeks peace and real happiness

26. Explain Self- Confidence, Character and

Spirituality. (May/June 16)
Self- Confidence: Certainty in one’s own capabilities, values, and
goals. These people are usually positive thinking, flexible and
willing to change. They respect others so much as they respect
themselves. Character: To determine the ideals.
Spirituality: Spirituality is a way of living that emphasizes the
constant awareness and recognition of the spiritual dimension
(mind and its development) of nature and people, with a dynamic
balance between the material development and the spiritual
development.

27. What are the values? (May/June 16)

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Values denote something’s degree of importance, with the aim
of determining what action of life is best to do or live or to
describe the significance of different actions.

28. What are the qualities of a self-confident

people? (Nov/Dec 15)
1. Ambitious 2. Self-Love 3. Risk-takers 4.
Self-awareness 5. Change agent
Part –B (16 marks)

1. Explain with suitable example the need of

courage in maintaining honesty and character. April 2014
2. Explain with suitable example how the respect
for others religious enhances the peaceful living.
3. April 2014
4. Explain the importance of self confidence and
empathy in ethics. Nov 2015
5. Explain civic virtue and respect for others and
also explain the importance of cooperation. Nov 2015
6. Explain the role of yoga and meditation in the
field of professional excellence and stress management.
Nov 2016 April 2017
7. Explain the importance of self confidence in
engineering ethics. May 2016
8. Explain character and spirituality and their
importance in engineering ethics. May 2016
9. Explain Integrity and honesty in ethics Nov
2016
10. Explain the scope and importance of
professional ethics in engineering? April 2017

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 11. Explain with suitable examples of Moral values
and ethics.

UNIT II
ENGINEERING
ETHICS
PART A
1. Define moral Dilemma? (May/June 2012)
Dilemmas are certain kind of situations in which a
difficult choice has to be made. Moral dilemmas can also be
called moral problems. Moral Dilemmas have two or more
folding„s - moral obligations, duties, rights, goods, or ideals come
disagreement with each other.

2. What are the chief characteristics of a profession?

(MAY/JUNE 2012)
Knowledge, Organization, Public Good

3. What is the significance of engineering ethics?

(MAY/JUNE 2011)
An activity and an area of inquiry. Ethical problems,
issues and controversy Set of beliefs, attitudes and habits.
Morally correct.

4. What is engineering ethics? (MAY/JUNE 2011,

MAY/JUNE 2014)
Study of the moral issues and decisions confronting
individuals and organizations engaged in engineering /
profession. Study of related questions about the moral ideals,
character, policies and relationships of people and corporations
involved in technological activity. Moral standards /values and
system of morals.

5. What is meant by normative inquiry? (MAY/JUNE 2011)

Engineering ethics involves normative inquiry in order to
aim at identifying and justifying the morally desirable norms or
standards that ought to guide individuals or groups. Normative
questions include what ought to be? and what is good?

6. What do you mean by ethical pluralism? (APRIL/MAY

2010)
Ethical pluralism is the view that there may be alternative
moral perspectives that are reasonable,

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 but no one of which must be accepted completely by all
rational and morally concerned persons.

7.Differentiate Moral and Ethics? (MAY/JUNE 2010)

Moral:

Refers only to personal behavior.

Refers to any aspect of human action.
Social conventions about right or wrong conduct. Ethics:
Involves defining, analyzing, evaluating and
resolving moral problems and
Developing moral criteria to guide human behavior.
Critical reflection on what one does and why one does it.
Refers only to professional behavior.

8. State Rawls principles? (NOV/DEC2010)

Each person is entitled to the most extensive amount of
liberty compatible with an equal amount for others.Differences in
social power and economic benefits are justified only when they
are likely to benefit everyone, including members of the most
disadvantaged groups.

1. Write any three uses of ethical theories.

(NOV/DEC2010, MAY/JUNE 2014
Ethical theories are very useful in understanding and
resolving moral dilemmas. In estimating the
professional obligations and ideals.Determine to what
extent, the obligations can be exercised in a given
situation.
2. What are the types of Theories about
Morality/ Right action? (MAY/JUNE 2009)
 Virtue ethics – Virtues and vices
 Utilitarianism – Most good for the
most people
 Duty ethics – Duties to respect people
 Rights ethics – Human rights

11. Explain Ethical Egoism (MAY/JUNE 2009)

It deals with self-interest. Each person is the best judge
of their own self-interest and is responsible for
maximizing their own interest. Egoism preaches

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 selfishness but morality should encourage love,
compassion etc.

12. Differentiate Ethical Relativism and Ethical Egoism?

(MAY/JUNE2008)
 Ethical egoism – the view that right action
consist in producing one„s own good.
 Ethical relativism – the view that right action is
merely what the law and customs of one„s society
require.

13. Explain moral integrity? (MAY/JUNE2008)

Moral integrity is the strength of character on the
basis of moral concern and moral values.
Integrity is the bridge that links the responsibilities
between personal life and professional carrier.

9. Explain profession and professionalism?

(NOV/DEC 2008)
Profession is a job through which someone
makes living.Professionalism covers
comprehensively all areas of practice of a particular
profession. It requires skills and responsibilities
involved in engineering profession.

10. Give the importance of Lawrence Kohlberg’s

and Carol Gilligan’s theory? (NOV/DEC 2008)
Kohlberg gives greater emphasis to recognizing rights and
abstract universal rules. Gilligan Stresses the importance of
maintaining personal relationships based onmutual caring.

16. What is consensus and controversy?

Consensus means agreement and controversy means
disagreement. Both plays the vital roles while
considering moral autonomy.

17. What is the relationship between moral autonomy and

authority?
Moral' autonomy is exercised on the basis of moral
concern for other people and recognition of good moral
reasons. Authority provides the frame work inwhich
learning can takes place in class room/work place.

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18. What are the types of virtues?
 Self-direction – commitment, self-
discipline, courage
 Public spirited – justice,
generosity.
 Teamwork – cooperation, loyalty,
respect for authority, leadership qualities.
 Proficiency- technical skill,
creativity.

19. What are the cardinal virtues/ Chief Virtues?

Wisdom - courage –temperament –justice

20. What are the concepts of pre-

conventional & conventional level in
Gilligan's theory?
Carol Gilligan recast the theory of Kohlberg as
follows.
 Pre conventional level: Desire to derive
benefits for oneself. Right conduct is viewed in a
selfish manner as solely what is good for oneself.
 Conventional level: Here the basic motive is
willingness to sacrifice one's own interests and a
strong desire to hurt other's interests. Mostly women
are always willing to give up their personal interests
in order to serve the needs of others.

21. Define Ethics. Mention some universally accepted ethical

standards. (NOV/DEC 13)
"Ethics" as the "discipline dealing with what is good and bad and
with moral duty and obligation," "a set of moral principles or
value" or “a theory or system of moral values." Ethics assists
individuals in deciding when an act is moral or immoral, right or
wrong. Ethical Standard such as Focus on ethics, Corporate
culture, Managerial

22. Define moral values with suitable

Example. (NOV/DEC 2013),(APR/MAY2015)
Moral values are the standards of good and evil,
which govern an individual’s behavior and choices. Individuals
morals may derive from society and government,

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religion, or self-Honesty, respect for others, loyalty, responsibility
for personal actions, generosity and kindness are all examples of
moral values.
23. What is meant by normative enquiry?
(APRIL/MAY 2011)
Normative ethics an approach to ethics, that works from standards
of right or good action. There are three types of normative
theories: virtue theories, deontological theories, and teleological
theories.

24. Define “Professionalism‟. (APRIL/MAY 2015)

Professionalism means behaving in an ethical manner while
assuming and fulfilling your rightful responsibilities in every
situation every time, without fail. To get a bit more granular,
one can say that it means, in part, conducting your affairs in
such a way as to engender trust and confidence in every aspect
of your work.

25. Define Moral Autonomy (NOV/DEC2014)

Moral autonomy, usually traced back to Kant, is the capacity to
deliberate and to give oneself the moral law, rather than merely
heeding the injunctions of others. Personal autonomy is the
capacity to decide for oneself and pursue a course of action in
one's life, often regardless of any particular moral content.

PART-B

1. What are the stages of moral development

according to Gilligan? Discuss (8) (May/June 2012,
(May/June 2014)
2. Apply both kohlberg’s theory and Gilligan’s theory
in Heinz dilemma and justify your arguments?
(8)(May/June2011,May/June2012, (May/June
2014), (Apr/May2015)(Nov/Dec 2014)
3. What are the uses of ethical theories explain?
(16) (MAY/JUNE 2012)
4. Explain
a. Professional responsibility (4)
b. Integrity and self-respect. (8)
c. Utilitarianism (4) (May/June 2011)

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5. Explain Kohlberg’s theory in detail?
(12)(May/June2011) (Apr/May2015)
6. What are the scopes of engineering ethics?
16) (May/June 2011)
7. What are the different ethical theories available
for right action, self-interest, duty Ethics.
(16)(May/June 2010, (Nov/Dec 2013), (Apr/May2015)
8. Discuss the different models of professional
roles?(16) (May/June 10)
9. Highlight the importance of engineering ethics?
(16) (May/June 11)
10. Write short notes on Moral autonomy(
Nov/Dec 2013)
11. What are the general types of inquiries involved
in engineering inspection? Explain in detail the specific
virtues of professional responsibility (May/June 2014,
(Nov/Dec 2013), (Apr/May2015) (Nov/Dec 2014)
12. Explain the vital role of consensus and
controversy while considering moral autonomy in
engineering ethics.(May/June 2014)
13. Name and describe the theories of action? (8
Marks) (April 2017)
14. Describe the role of self interest with some
examples. (8 Marks) (April 2017)
15. Discuss Moral Dilemma and Moral Autonomy
(16) (Nov 2016)
16. Explain detail about the senses of engineering
ethics. May 2016

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 UNIT –III
ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION

PART A

1. What are the pros and cons of industrial

standardization? (MAY/JUNE 2012)
 Accuracy in
measurement, interchange ability,
eases of handling.
 Prevention on of injury,
death and loss of income or
property.
 Fair value of price.
 Competence in carrying out
tasks.
 Sound design, ease of
communications.

2. What are the limitations of ethical code? (MAY/JUNE

2011)(NOV/DEC 2014)
Codes are restricted to general and vague wording.Codes can„t
give a solution or method for solving the internal conf Codes
cannot serve as the final moral authority for professional conduct.

3. Define ethical accountability?(MAY/JUNE 2011)

The inherent tendency of accepting moral responsibility for the
actions of an individual and also the spontaneous willingness to
subject himself to the moral scrutiny in an open-minded
manner is called ethical accountability.
4. Name the aerospace ace experts and scientists who
were associated with the Launching of challenger?
(MAY/JUNE 2010)
Allan McDonald of Morton-Thiokol at Cape Kennedy, Arnold
Thomson and Roger Bois joly who were the seal experts at
Morton-Thiokol and engineering managers, Bob Lund and Joe
Kil minster were the experts associated with the launching of
challenger space program.

5. Name some of the important code of ethics published

by engineering societies. (MAY/JUNE
2010)
 National society of professional Engineers
 Board of Ethical review.

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 NSPE opinion of the Board of ethical review.
 American Association of Engineering
societies(AAES).
 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
6. What was the primary reason that caused the failure of
space shuttle program
“challenger” (NOV/DEC 2010)
The consequent rupturing of O-ring that constitute
the field joints due to extreme cold weather was
the primary reason that resulted in the failure of
challenger space shuttle.

7. What are the problems with the law

in engineering?(NOV/DEC 2010)
 Minimal compliance
 Many laws are without
enforce able sanctions.

8. How engineering could be regarded as preventive

technology?(MAY/JUNE 2009)
As per the familiar proverb that "prevention is
better than cure", the ultimate process of solving
the scientific-based problems is not by curing
alone, but effectively by the preventive measures.
Such type of defensive measures to prevent
scientific ills is called preventive technology.
9. What are the general features of
morally responsible
engineers?(MAY/JUNE 2009)
 Conscientiousness.
 Comprehensive
 perspective.
 Autonomy.
 Accountability.
11. What are the differences between engineering and
standard experiments?
Engineering experimentation involves human subjects as control
groups, unlike in the standard experimentation
.The process of obtaining the informed consent from the human-
engineering experimentation. Unlike in the scientific
experiments, new knowledge is not gained in engineering
experiment.

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 12. Differentiate scientific experiments and engineering
projects?
Scientific experiments are conducted to gain new knowledge,
while ―engineering projects are experiments that are not
necessarily designed to produce very much knowledge.

13. How Titanic tragedy be brought under engineering as

social experimentation?
Failure in the far-sighted approach of not providing enough
number of lifeboat sand non-availability of proper safe exits
handled to the sinking of titanic ship that caused the death toll of
1522 persons on board . These in designing are the reasons for
bringing titanic tragedy under engineering as social
experimentation

14. Define the term moral autonomy.

The moral beliefs and attitudes of an individual with a committed
action towards the specific principles and goals are called moral
autonomy.

15. What are the uncertainties occur in the model

designs?
 Model used for the design calculations.
 Exact characteristics of the materials purchased.
 Constancies of materials used for
processing and fabrication.
 Nature of the pressure, the finished product will
encounter.

16. What is meant by engineering as experimentation?

(MAY/JUNE2014) (APR/MAY 2015)(NOV/DEC 2014)
Experimentation (Preliminary tests or Simulations) plays a vital
role in the design of a product or process.
In all stages of converting a new engineering concept into a
design likes,
A. first rough cut design,
B. usage of different types of
materials and processes,
C. detailed design,
D. further stages of work design

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 17. State the importance of Ethics codes.
(MAY/JUNE2014)
Engineers shall uphold and advance the integrity, honor,
and dignity of the engineering
profession by:
1. using their knowledge and skill for the
enhancement of the human race;
2. being honest and impartial and serving with
fidelity the public, their employers, and clients.
3. striving to increase the competence and prestige
of the engineering profession.
4. supporting the professional and technical
societies of their discipline
18. What are the senses of engineering
ethics?(NOV/DEC 2013)
An activity and area of inquiry.
 Ethical problems, issues and
controversies.
 Ethical problems, issues and
controversies. o Particular set of beliefs,
attitudes and habits.
 Morally correct.

19. Define Engineering Ethics.(NOV/DEC 2013)

5. Study of the moral issues and decisions
confronting individuals and organizations Engaged in
engineering / profession.
6. Study of related questions about the moral
ideals, character, policies and relationships of people
and corporations involved in technological activity.
7. Moral standards / values and system of morals

20. List the advantages of industrial

standards.(APR/MAY 2015)
 Increased marketability
 Reduced operational expenses
 Better management control
 Increased customer satisfaction
 Improved internal communication

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 PART-B

1. What is meant by professional

responsibility and discuss the theories
about virtues? (May/June2012)
2. Explain a Balanced Outlook on Law (Nov/Dec2010)
3. Discuss the theories pertaining to
moral autonomy with specific reference
to consensus and controversy? (May/June
2011)
4. Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering?
(May/June2009)
5. Discuss on the different roles played
in the code of ethics set
by professional societies?( May/June
2012,May/June2011,Nov/Dec 2013)(Nov/Dec2014)
6. Give justification on how the challenger
disaster could have been
avoided by engineers?
(Nov/Dec 2011/May/June 2012)
7. How engineering project differ from standard
experimentation? (Nov/Dec 2013)
8. Discuss on the different roles played in the code of ethics set
by professional societies? (Nov 2013)
9. Explain Engineers as responsible Experimenters.
(Nov/Dec 2012) April 2016,Dec 2016, April 2017)
10. Briefly discuss the space shuttle challenger
accident. What is the ethical problem involved in this?
(May/June 2014) (Nov/Dec 2014)
11. Discuss about Research ethics. ?
(May/June 2014) (Nov/Dec 2014)
12. What is meant by informal consent when
bringing an experimental product to the market?
(May/June 2014)
13. How the ethical codes provide discipline among the
engineers?(May/June2014), (Apr/May2015) (Nov/Dec 2014)
14. Explain the work ethics in detail. (Nov/Dec
2013)
15. Whom do you think should take public accountability for
unsafe machine? From the Designer to the final promoter,
identify the roles and responsibilities towards

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 safety and justify your views through a detailed case study.
(April/May 2012)

16. Discuss briefly the role of industrial standards.

(April/May 2015)
17. Discuss the ethical issues involved in challenger
case study (April/May 2015)
18. Compare and contrast engineering experiments
with standard
experiments.(Nov/Dec2014)

UNIT-IV
SAFETY, RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS

PART A
2. What is conflict Interest?( MAY/JUNE 2012)
Types of Conflicts of interest
 Actual conflict of interest
 Potential conflict of interest
 Apparent conflict of interest
 Interest in other companies
 Moonlighting
 Insider information
3. What are the reasons for Risk-Benefit Analysis?
(NOV/DEC 2011, NOV/DEC 2013))
i. Risk-benefit analysis is concerned with the
advisability of undertaking a project.
ii.It helps in deciding which design has greater
advantages.
iii. It assists the engineers to identify a particular
designs cores higher with that of t h e another one
4. What are the safety measures an engineer must know before
assessing a risk of any product?(MAY/JUNE 2009)
The factors are:
a. Does the engineer have the right data?
b. Is he satisfied with the present design?
c. How does he test the safety of a product?
d. How does he measure and weight he risks with
benefits for a product.

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 5. Explain the two types of Risk? (MAY/JUNE 2012)
i. Personal Risk:
An individual, who is given sufficient information,
will be in a position to Decide whether to take part
in a risky activity or not. They are more ready to
take on voluntary risks than in voluntary risks.
ii. Public Risks:
Risks and benefits to the public are more easily determined than
to individuals, larger number of people is taken in to
account .Involuntary risks are found here.

5. Give the reasons for the Three Mile Island disaster?

i. In adequate training to the operators.
ii. Use of B&W reactors.

6. Define “risk‟.(May/June 2011)(NOV/DEC2014)

A risk is the potential that something unwanted and harmful may
occur.Risk = Probability X Consequences.
7. What do you mean by voluntary risk? (May/June 2010,
May/June 2010)
 If a person knowingly takes any risk, then he
feels it safe. In contrast, if the same risk is forced to
him, then he feels it unsafe.
 In simple terms the voluntary risks are
considered as safe and the involuntary risks are
considered as unsafe.

8. What is safe risk and acceptability of risk? (IT Dec

2009,May 2010) Acceptability of risk:
A risk is acceptable when those affected are generally
no longer apprehensive about it. Apprehensiveness
mainly depends on how the risk is perceived by the
people.Safe Risk:
If a person knowingly takes any risk then he feels it
safe. In the same way voluntary risks are considered as
safe risk

9. List the methods that can be applied when testing is

inappropriate. (May/june 2009
)(NOV/DEC2014)
 Scenario Analysis
 Failure modes and effects
analysis

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  Fault free analysis
 Event free analysis

10. What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to

engineers?
Though past experience and historical data give better
information about safety of products designing there are still
inadequate .The reasons are
a. The information is not freely shared among
industries
b. There also new applications of old technologies that
provides available data, which are less useful.
c. So, in order to access the risk of a product, the
engineers must share their knowledge and information
with others in a free manner.

11. What are the positive uncertainties in

determining risks?
a. Purpose of designing
b. Application of the product
c. Materials and the skill used for producing the
product

12. What is the Risk Transfer?

It refers to the legal assignment of the cost of certain potential
losses from one party to another. The most common way of
affecting such transfer is by insurance.

14. State the industrial definition on safety

.(MAY/JUNE 2014)
A. A ship in harbor is safe, but that is not what
ships are built for‖ – John A. Shedd
B. A thing is safe if its risks are judged to be
acceptable„ - William W. Lawrence
C. We buy an ill-designed Iron box in a sale->
Underestimating risk
D. We judge fluoride in water can kill lots of
people -> Overestimating risk
E. We hire a taxi, without thinking about its safety
-> Not estimating risk

15. What is meant by Disaster? (MAY/JUNE

2014, NOV/DEC 2013))

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A DISASTER = A seriously disruptive event + A state of
unprepared ness. e.g., Titanic collision with an iceberg, at night:
Emergency
Fewer lifeboats, inadequate training and warnings of icebergs
unheeded ->Disaster

16. What is informed consent? (MAY/JUNE

2011)(APR/MAY 2015)
Informed consent is the process by which the treating health care
provider discloses appropriate information to a competent patient
so that the patient may make a voluntary choice to accept or
refuse treatment. It originates from the legal and ethical right the
patient has to direct what happens to her body and from the
ethical duty of the physician to involve the patient in her health
care.

17. What is the use of risk analysis? (APR/MAY 2015) Risk

analysis is the process of defining and analyzing the dangers to
individuals, businesses and government agencies posed by
potential natural and human-caused adverse events.

18. What is collegiality?( May/June 2011,

Nov/June 2009, NOV/DEC
2014),(APR/MAY2015) Collegiality is a kind of
connectedness grounded in respect for professional
expertise and in a
commitment to the goals and values of the profession and
collegiality includes a disposition to support and cooperate with
one„s colleagues.

19. What are the elements of collegiality? (

May/June 2010, NOV/DEC 2014)
1.Respect 2.Commitment,
3.Connectedness 4.Cooperation

20. What do you meant by employee rights and lists its

categories? (Nov/Dec 2012)
Employee rights are rights, moral or legal, that involve the status
of being an employee. They include some professional rights that
apply to the employer-employee relationship.

21. What is the Basic Right of Professional

Conscience? (MAY/JUNE 2011)

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 The right to do what everyone agrees it is obligatory for
the professional engineers to do the
basic professional right is an entitlement giving one the moral
authority to act without interference from others.

22. What is Institutional Recognition of Rights? (NOV/DEC

2011)
One should have moral right, having it respected by
others and given
Recognition with in the institution is the other. Koning states in
1975, conference on Engineering Ethics- that one item that
should be in the code of ethics is that engineers have the right at
all times to exercise the dictates of their own conscience.

23. State the specific right.

Specific rights can be stated as a particular professional
obligation to apply Professional rights according to specific
circumstances.

24. What are the two basic rights of

professional/conscience
First is to proceed piecemeal by reiterating the justification given
for the specific professional duties Second, is to justify the right
of professional conscience, which involves grounding it more
directly in the ethical theories, for organizing moral reflections
and approaching practical problem.

25. What is Duty Ethics? (May/June 2011)

Duty ethics rights are not the ultimate moral appeal . Engineers
have a right to do something it is only because other have duties
or obligations to allow him to do it . No employer has the right to
threat engineers with loss of the jobs for refusing to work on
project they see as likely to lead to the death or injury of
unsuspecting victims.

26. What is Utilitarianism?

Utilitarianism will justify the right of professional
conscience by referring to the Basic goal of producing
the most good for the greatest number of people the
public good is certain to observed by allowing
professionals to meet their obligations to the public.

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27. What is meant by collective Bargaining?(May/June 2014)
Collective bargaining is a process of negotiations between
employers and a group of employees aimed at reaching
agreements to regulate working conditions. The interests of the
employees are commonly presented by representatives of a to
which the employees belong. The collective agreements reached
by these negotiations usually set out wage scales, working hours,
training, health and safety, overtime, grievance mechanisms, and
rights to participate in workplace or company affairs.

28. What is meant by Occupational crime? (May/June 2014)

Occupational Crime
Occupational crimes are illegal acts made possible through
one„s lawful employment. It is the secretive violation of laws
regulating work activities. When committed by office workers
or professionals, occupational crime is called ‗white collar
crime.

29. List the factors that shape the self confidence

in a person. (NOV/DEC 2013),(APR/MAY2015)
 Emphasize Strengths
 Take Risks.
 Use Self-Talk.
 Self-Evaluate.

30. Difference between Bribe and Gift.

(NOV/DEC 2014)
Gift: Something of value given without the expectation
of return
Bribe: Something of value given with the hope of a
future influence or benefit

PART-B

1. Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for

communities near power plants or Chemical processing plants?
(U) (May/June 2010) (May/June 2014)

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2. What is Risk benefit analysis? Explain the different
analytical method used when testing is inappropriate? (U)
(Nov/Dec 2010, May/June2011) (Nov/Dec 2014)
3. State the necessity of risk benefit analysis
(May/June 2014)
4. Discuss the Bhopal disaster .Explain the responsibility of
engineer in the design stage itself before the event of an accident.
(U) May/June 2014)(Apr/May 2015)
5. Define the term risk and safety .How will an engineer
assess the safety? (Nov/Dec 2014)
6. What are the factors that affect risk acceptability? What is the
use of knowledge of risk acceptance to engineers?(Nov/Dec
2013)
7. a) Describe the concept of (16) (Apr/May 2015)
1) Risk benefits analysis.
2) Fault tree analysis.
8. Explain in detail the effect of information on risk assessment
with an example (U) (Nov/Dec 2014)
9. Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case
Studies? (Nov/Dec 2014)
10. Write short notes on
(i) Whistle blowing
(ii) Occupational crime
(iii) Intellectual property rights
(iv) Discrimination
(V) Institution Authority ( April/ May
2013,Nov/Dec 2013)( April/ May 2015)
11. Name and describe four important
responsibilities of engineers as employees.(Nov/Dec 2011)
12. Write a detailed note about the employee rights
and professional rights that the engineers are entitled.
(April/ May 2010), (Nov/Dec 2013) ,(April/ May 2015)
13. Discuss about Collegiality and Loyalty?
(May/June 2014) (Nov/Dec 2014)
14. What are the main element of IPR ?Give example of
discrimination? (May/June 2014)
15. Discuss human rights,professional rights and employee rights
in an engineer field.(May/June 2014)

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16. Discuss the significance of intellectual property rights. Also
explain the legislations covering intellectual property rights in
india.(Nov/Dec 2013) (Nov/Dec 2014)
17. Discuss the significance of loyalty and
collegiality in team work? (April/ May 2015)

UNIT V
GLOBAL ISSUES
PART A

1. What is embezzlement? (APRIL/ MAY 2011)

The process of computing computer crimes such as stealing or
cheating clients and conspiracy in the fraudulent uses of computer
networks is called embezzlement.
2. What the hired guns? (APRIL/ MAY 2011)
Engineers are hired by attorneys to help them to establish the
facts in away favorable to their clients. The hired guns violate the
standards of honesty and also due care in conducting
investigations.
3. What is technology transfer? (APRIL/ MAY 2010)
Technology transfer is a process of changing the technology to a
new setting and implementing it. Technology includes hardware
such as machines and installations as well as techniques such as
technical, organizational and managerial skills and procedures.
4. What does moral leadership
mean?(APRIL/MAY2010) (NOV/DEC 2014)
Whenever the goals of a leader become permissible and also
morally valuable, it is known as moral leadership. Moral
leadership also means that employing morally acceptable ways to
motivate the groups to move towards morally desirable ways. The
ways are depending on the situations.
5. State the most important ethical mistake made by the
multinational corporation which caused Bhopal gas plant
disaster. (NOV/DEC 2010)
 The tanks used to store Methyl Iso-cyanate were
overloaded to a tune of 75%. The emergency plant was
also filled with a large amount of chemicals.

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  The entire refrigeration unit had been shut down as a
measure to reduce the cost and this led to increase of
temperatures to a higher level.
 One of the disappointed workers unscrewed a pressure
gauge on a tank and inserted a hosepipe into it,
knowing that it would cause damage, but not to this
extent.
 Scrubber has also been shut down.
 Flare tower was also not in an operating condition.
 Unfortunately there were no emergency drills or
evacuation plants available.
6. Define Conflict resolution. (APRIL/ MAY 2010)
Conflict resolution is the result based on some objective standard
and corporate usually uses general standards for evaluating the
results.

7. What is contextualize? (APRIL/MAY 2010)

In accordance to Gilligan women try hard to preserve personal
relationship will all people. This context-oriented emphasis on
maintaining personal relationship is called as ethics of care in
contrast with ethics of rules and rights.
8. What are ethical pluralism and ethical relativism?
(APRIL/MAY 2010)
Ethical pluralism: According to this view there may be
alternative moral perspectives that are reasonable, but no one
of which must be accepted completely by all rational and morally
concerned persons.
Ethical relativism: Actions are morally right when they are
approved by law or custom they are wrong when they violate
laws or customers.

9. What should an ethical expert witness, even though hired

by a company, expected to do? ( APRIL/MAY 2010)
Engineers should not become the hired-guns to their clients, but
instead remain as objective as humanly possible in their
investigations and the conclusions they reach .they should avoid
biases resulting from money ego, and sympathy.

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 10. What are the international rights listed by Donaldson?
(NOV/DEC 2014)
Thomas Donaldson in his book ‗The ethics of
International Business„ has listed the following as
the International rights:
 The right to freedom of physical movement
 The right to ownership of property
 The right to freedom from torture
 The right to a fair trial
 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment
 The right to physical security
 The right to freedom of speech and association
 The right to minimal education
 The right to political participation
 The right to subsistence.

11. Define appropriate technology? (IT Nov 2008) Appropriate

technology refers to the
identification, transfer and implementation of the
most
suitable technology for a new set of conditions.

12. List out four examples for Multinational Corporation. (IT

Nov 2010)
Large corporations having investment and business in number of
countries are known as Multinational or Transnational
corporation. Some of them are : Hindustan Lever, Ford, Toyota,
Sony, LG, Smith Kline Beecham, ITC, Ponds etc.
13. Define computer ethics?(DEC/NOV2010)
Computers contribute to a variety of moral problems. In
order to evaluate andact appropriately with such problems, a
new field of applied ethics termed as
‗computer ethics„ has been developed.The study of ethical
issues that are associated with computer, its peripheral and
accesses series and the computing profession is called as
computer ethics.

14. What is meant by globalization?

Our lives are increasingly dependent upon the
goods/services produced over the world and are influenced by
the business from around all the corners of the world. In general
world has become a global village and have a global economy.
The increasing international flow of capital, technology, trade,
and people have had the effects of changing the nature of local
organizations

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 governments and people of countries and have led to social
changes and developments.

15. What are the three senses of relative values?

(DEC/ NOV 2012)
 Ethical Relativism
 Descriptive Relativism
 Moral Relativism
16. What are the normal issues arise in
Multinational Corporation?(MAY/JUNE 2014)
Ethical dilemmas faced by certain companies may be specific to
their industry or company, other types of ethical issues are
common to all types of companies. Handling ethical decisions
with wisdom is especially important for small businesses, given
the potentially devastating effects these companies may face if
such issues aren't handled correctly.

17. Differentiate the Eye witness and expert witness in the

legal system (MAY/JUNE 2014)
An eyewitness is one who testifies what they perceived through
his or her senses (e.g. seeing, hearing, smelling, touching). That
perception might be either with the unaided human sense or with
the aid of an instrument, e.g., microscope or stethoscope, or by
other scientific means,
e.g.a chemical reagent which changes color in the presence of a
particular substance
An expert witness is one who allegedly has specialized
knowledge relevant to the matter of interest, which knowledge
purportedly helps to either make sense of other evidence,
including other testimony, documentary evidence or physical
evidence (e.g., a fingerprint)

18. What is meant by Moral Leadership (NOV/DEC 2013)

Moral Leadership is a very different kind of leadership. Rather
than aspiring to being followed, Moral Leaders aim to serve.
Instead of showcasing their own skills, Moral Leaders tend to
develop the capacities of others.

19. Define the term honesty and moral leadership

Honesty :A facet of moral character that connotes positive and
virtuous attributes such as integrity, truthfulness, and
straightforwardness, along with the absence of lying, cheating,
or theft.

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 Moral Leadership: A process of social influence in which one
person enlists the aid and support of others in accomplishing a
common task.

20. What do you understand by business ethics? Business

ethics (also corporate ethics) is a form of applied ethics or
professional ethics that examines ethical principles and moral
or ethical problems that arise in a business environment. It
applies to all aspects of business conduct and is relevant to the
conduct of individuals and entire organizations.

PART B

1. Explain in detail the issues pertaining to environment

issues? (April/ May 2011)
2. Describe the Bhopal Gas Tragedy and its
effects?(April/May 11)
3. Is there any relationship among engineering ecology and
economics? Discuss? (Nov/Dec 2012)
4. Write briefly on Engineer used as expert witness, Engineers
as good managers, Engineers with social responsibilities.
(May/June 2013)
5. Discuss the following in detail Business Ethics,
Environmental Ethics, Computer Ethics, Weapons
Development(Nov/Dec 2013)
6. What is environment ethics? Why it is important to study.
Discuss any environment issues in the ethical point of view
to engineers. (Nov/Dec 2013),(Apr/May 2015) (Nov/Dec
2014)
7. Discuss the following in detail (May/June 2014)
Engineers as ManagersEngineers as advisors
Engineers as consultant
Moral leadership
8. Discuss the various global issues that have an impact on
business.(Apr/May2015)
9. Discuss the ethical issues related to computer ethics
and internet(Nov/Dec2014)
10. Explain the use of moral and ethical issues involved in use
of Computers? (April 2017)
11.Explain the scope and function of Corporate responsibility
(Nov 2016)

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12.Explain in detail various advantages and disadvantages of
MNC’s? (Nov 2016)
13.Explain moral obligations of an engineer as per the code of
ethics. (April 2014)
14.Describe in detail about the global issues of weapon
development.(May 2016)
15.Define computer ethics? Explain the issues related to
computer ethics an interest with your personal experience.
(Nov 2015)

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