EDUC 321: THE TEACHER AND THE

SCHOOL CURRICULUM

INTRODUCTION

A school is a type of educational institution that provides learning spaces and conditions for
students to learn in under the supervision of teachers. Most countries have formal education systems,
which are occasionally mandatory. Students move through a sequence of schools in these systems. In
school there are person who acts as medium of teaching learning motivational matters and somewhat
called as the best instructional material – the Teacher.

Teachers play an important role in education, particularly in the lives of the students they instruct in
the classroom. A teacher's capacity to instruct students and have a positive influence on them is what
characterizes him or her. In general, a teacher's function in education extends beyond instruction. Teaching
takes on many forms in today's environment, and a teacher must play the roles of external parent,
counselor, mentor, role model, and so on.

WHAT IS A CURRICULUM?

Students practice and acquire competency in subject and applied learning skills through a
standards-based series of designed experiences. Curriculum serves as a primary guide for all educators in
terms of what is required for effective teaching and learning, ensuring that all students have access to
challenging academic experiences (Island; DepEd, 2022)

It's difficult to give a concise answer because curriculum can be both written and unwritten.
Curriculum is essentially what the school is striving to teach, which could include social behaviors as well
as content and cognitive abilities. It is a course of study that allows the learner to gain certain knowledge
and skills. It is made up of the discipline's "roadmap" or "guideline." The combination of instructional
techniques, learning experiences, and students' performance evaluation that are designed to bring out and
evaluate the goal learning objectives of a particular course are two of the concepts upon which a curriculum
is based.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF CURRICULUM

1. RECOMMENDED CURRICULUM

The Recommended Curriculum provides a basic framework for the curriculum. It identifies
the key learning areas. It specifies the boundaries as well as the destination. So, it guides the
curriculum coordinator in formulating the academic standards to be achieved through various
teaching-learning programs. National educational policy is a form of Recommended Curriculum.

2. WRITTEN CURRICULUM

A written curriculum is what is formally written down and documented for use in the
classroom. These items may include instructional manuals, films, text, and other materials that an
educator requires. These items are either from the broader school system or from the individual
school.

3. THAUGHT CURRICULUM

The way teachers educate is referred to as this form of curriculum. Because how an
instructor teaches material varies from one to the next, this type of curriculum is less predictable
and uniform. It can also differ depending on the types of tools available to a teacher. Experiments,
demonstrations, and other sorts of involvement through group work and hands-on activities are
examples of this.

4. SUPPORTED CURRCULUM

A supported curriculum includes in-classroom and out-of-classroom tools, resources, and

learning opportunities. Textbooks, field trips, software, and technology, as well as other imaginative
 new ways to engage pupils, are among them. The supporting curriculum also includes teachers
and other people who are involved with the course.

5. ASSESSED CURRICULUM

A curriculum that has been assessed is also known as a curriculum that has been tested. It
refers to quizzes, tests, and other means of assessing a student's progress. This can include a
variety of evaluation methods, such as presentations, portfolios, demonstrations, and state and
federal standardized tests.

6. HIDDEN CURRICULUM
Although a hidden curriculum is not intentionally implemented, it has a huge impact on
what pupils learn. This type of curriculum, which incorporates implicit standards, unspoken
expectations, and cultural norms and values, is not often articulated or explicitly written down.

7. EXCLUDED CURRICULUM

The null curriculum is another name for the omitted curriculum. It refers to the stuff that
isn't covered in a course. Educators and curriculum specialists frequently assume that a particular
skill or concept is unimportant or unnecessary to address. What is purposely or accidentally left out
can shape pupils just as much as what is included. Students may not be educated about a current
dispute among experts in the field, or encouraged to think critically about a text, for example.

8. LEARNED CURRICULUM

What students take away from a course is referred to as learned curriculum. This can
involve changes in attitude and emotional well-being in addition to the subject matter and
knowledge gained during a course. Teachers must close the gap between what they expect their
students to learn and what they actually learn.

FOUNDATION OF CURRICULUM

In a curriculum, there are 4 major foundations created. The PHILOSPHICAL FOUNDATION,

HISTORICAL FOUNDATION, SOCIAL FOUNDATIONS and PSYCHOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS wherein
these foundations are the factors that influences the mind of curriculum developers to make a decision on
what to be included in the curriculum and its structure. It provides background information on which the
curriculum developers depend to make the decisions.
 PHILOSOPHICAL HISTORICAL
FOUNDATION FOUNDATION

THE MAJOR
FOUNDATION OF
CURRICULUM

SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGOCAL
FOUNDATION FOUNDATION

PSYCHOLOGICAL FOUNDATION

Psychological foundation is based on the individual differences, every student has its own
unique personality and they have differences in their leering and skills. They are different in nature so they
can't be treated alike in teaching learning process, some may be fast learner while other slow.

HISTORICAL FOUNDATION

According researches published on the historical foundation of the Philippine curriculum, it is said
that the development of the curriculum in the history of the Philippines depends on five motives: Religion,
Political, Utilitarian, Mass Education and Excellence in Education.

SOCIAL FOUNDATION
 It is developed without reflecting society. Thus, to understand how the content of schooling is
shaped in any society, we must understand the relationship between education and other institutions in
society.

PSYCHOLOGICAL FOUNDATION

It is based on the individual differences, every student has its own unique personality and they
have differences in their leering and skills. They are different in nature so they can't be treated alike in
teaching learning process, some may be fast learner while other slow.

CURRICULUM CONCEPTION

“Conceptions of curriculum can be used to look at a curriculum through various viewpoints. It's
simply a way to see how a curriculum is defined. When you're looking at a curriculum is it focusing on
social and culture needs, the individuals needs or subject matter (Sowell, 2005).

Moreover, curriculum orientation is defined as teachers' belief about the education goal and the
curriculum components such as objectives, content, teaching, learning, activities, and assessment
methods (Cheung & Ng, 2000).

Curriculum is a list of concepts that should be taught to pupils in order for them to satisfy subject
standards. What is taught in a certain course or subject is referred to as the curriculum. An interactive
system of instruction and learning with particular goals, contents, tactics, measurement, and resources is
referred to as a curriculum.

ELEMENTS OF A CURRICULUM

Regardless of definition or approach, curriculum can be organized into three major

components: objectives, content or subject matter, and learning experiences.

 OBJECTIVES

Curriculum objectives should be concise and understandable to teachers, students, and

parents; achievable for teachers and students; encompass previous learning and require the learner to
 integrate and then apply certain knowledge, skills, and attitudes in order to demonstrate achievement;
and measurable on a cumulative basis and at various stages of the learner's educational career.

 CONTENT OR SUBJECT MATTER

The content will embrace the overall perception of a course or curriculum. The themes, the
purpose, the role in the students learning will be part of the content. The subject matter would be
the actual topics and knowledge imparted within the course

 LEARNING EXPERIENCES

Any experience a student has in the process of learning is considered a learning experience.
This includes traditional methods of instruction as well as authentic learning. Learning experiences
guide students towards engagement in content and help them learn new skills.

JYM RAINIER BACUDO MAGUNDAYAO

III A3 – FILIPINO
March 23, 2022

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