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Multi-Channel Optical Systems Lecture

The document discusses different techniques for multi-channel optical systems, including optical time division multiplexing (OTDM), wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), and subcarrier division multiplexing (SCM). OTDM combines multiple optical pulse streams from the same laser source onto a single carrier, while WDM uses multiple modulated optical carriers transmitted through the same fiber. SCM transmits RF signals over fiber links by using different microwave subcarriers modulated onto a single optical carrier. The document provides details on the operation and components of these different multi-channel optical multiplexing techniques.

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bamlaku tekeba
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
62 views

Multi-Channel Optical Systems Lecture

The document discusses different techniques for multi-channel optical systems, including optical time division multiplexing (OTDM), wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), and subcarrier division multiplexing (SCM). OTDM combines multiple optical pulse streams from the same laser source onto a single carrier, while WDM uses multiple modulated optical carriers transmitted through the same fiber. SCM transmits RF signals over fiber links by using different microwave subcarriers modulated onto a single optical carrier. The document provides details on the operation and components of these different multi-channel optical multiplexing techniques.

Uploaded by

bamlaku tekeba
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Multi-channel Optical Systems

By Dejene Birile
Optics and Optical Communication
Haramaya University, Institute of Technology, IoT
Electrical and Computer Engineering Dept
System Block Diagram
Multi-channel Optical Systems
• Development of new multichannel systems in order to exploit
the enormous capacity provided by the optical medium
– Several multiplexing techniques have been proposed for
this purpose

• OPTICAL MULTIPLEX – OPTICAL MEDIUM


– OTDM: Optical Time Division Multiplexing
– WDM: Wavelength Division Multiplexing (frequency division
multiplexing)
• ELECTRONIC MULTIPLEX – OPTICAL MEDIUM
– ETDM: Electronic Time Domain Multiplexing
– SCM: Sub-Carrier (division) Multiplexing (frequency division
multiplexing)
•Channels are combined before modulating a single optical carrier
•Direct modulation
Optical Time Division Multiplexing (OTDM)
•OTDM multiplexing follows the same operation principle as ETDM multiplexing:
– Different optical pulse streams, called tributaries, originating from the same
laser source, are separately encoded by electrically generated data signals
•Several signals with identical bit-rate are combined on the same carrier
•Only for RZ formats, not yet commercial
•Indirect (or External ) modulation
Optical Time Division Multiplexing (OTDM)
• N digital signals in baseband modulated at B bit rate uses the same
optical carrier
• They are optically multiplexed in the time domain to obtain a N·B b/s bit
rate signal, where N is the number of optical channels
• The optical transmitter in a OTDM system is a laser able to generate:
– A periodic optical train of pulses with the same period TB as the resultant
period that one channel presents at bit rate B
– Pulses full-width Tp must satisfy Tp = (N·B)-1
– Each time interval given by Tb = B-1 , the optical source emits a pulse of duration
Tp in such a way that Tp = (N·B)-1
• OTDM requires to use a RZ coding. Traditionally, NRZ coding has been
associated to the deployment of early optical systems until today
• WDM systems uses both NRZ and RZ coding, although the latter began
to be used from the end of 90’s in WDM systems with dispersion
management techniques
• OTDM systems require optical sources emitting a train of optical pulses
of extremely short duration with rates up to 40 GHz
Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM)- Time evolution
Multiple optical carriers are modulated with independent bit streams
– The optical data is combined optically into the same fiber
– 100’s of channels can be transmitted this way
WDM system = a single fiber + N transmitters + N receivers + mux/demux
Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM)
Multiple optical carriers are modulated with independent bit streams
– The optical data is combined optically into the same fiber
– 100’s of channels can be transmitted this way
WDM system = a single fiber + N transmitters + N receivers + mux/demux
Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM)
.WDM components
 Implementing a WDM system requires several optical components
– Multiplexers
• Combine the individual WDM channels
– Demultiplexers
• Separate the WDM channels
– Star couplers
• Combine signals from multiple origins and sends to multiple
destinations. eg: Distribution of television to multiple areas
– Tunable optical filters
• Used to filter out a specific channel
– Wavelength-tunable transmitters
– Add-drop multiplexers/optical routers
• Used in the transmission path to switch channels to correct destinations
• Demultiplex the incoming signal
• Modify individual channels by passing through, dropping, or adding
• Multiplex individual channels and launch into transmission fiber
Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM)
Subcarrier Division Multiplexing (SCM)
• Access networks don’t usually carry high bit rates though the number of
channels can be extremely high in many access networks (LAN and MAN)
• Subcarrier Division Multiplexing SCM offers the transmission capability of
multiple channels simultaneously by RF subcarriers (FDM in electrical
domain)
• SCM offers a huge bandwidth over the same optical carrier , providing
scabality and flexibility to combine different kind of services (format,
bandwidth,...)
Voice, data, digital audio, TV, HD-TV, video on demand…
• SCM is used to transmit RF signals over copper and fiber link in metropolitan
/access networks:
– Fiber + coper: HFC technology (Hybrid fiber-coaxial, formerly CATV networks)
– Fiber: FTTX technologies (in particular, fiber to the home) technologies
• The resultant mux signal is directly applied to optical sources (laser or
externally)
Subcarrier Division Multiplexing (SCM)
•Modulating different microwave sub-carriers which are combined to modulate a
single optical carrier
SCM Systems:Geographical reach -FTTX
• Traditional PON is based on time
division multiple Access (TDMA)
• It relies on assigning dedicated
time slots to each subscribers
• Since a power splitter is used, the
signal power is divided and the
SNR drops
• Dedicated wavelength to each ONU,
this means they can send data at
any time
• Since using wavelength
mux/demux, no power loss due to
power splitting, hence, no SNR
degradation
• Disadvantages: each ONU requires a
wavelength-specific laser, cost issue

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