Journal of Applied Geology, vol. 3(2), 2018, pp.

83–98
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jag.48596

Stratigraphy and Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy of Sentolo Formation in

Sedayu Area: Local Unconformity Identification in Early Pliocene

Akmaluddin*, Muhammad Virgiawan Agustin, and Ma’ruf Kurniawan Adi

Department of Geological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

A BSTRACT. The study area is located in Sedayu District, Bantul Regency, Special Region
of Yogyakarta Province which belongs to the Sentolo Formation. This area is an interest-
ing place to study because there are erosional boundaries that indicate an unconformity
in the Sentolo Formation. In this study, stratigraphic measurements and sampling were
carried out in the field, then the samples were prepared and analyzed for the content of
planktic and benthic foraminifera fossil. The results of the analysis are the determination
of biozonation, paleobathimetry, and identification of sedimentation rates and unconfor-
mity. From the data analysis, ware known that the Sentolo Formation in Sedayu area
can be divided into three lithofacies, namely thickening upward calcareous sandstone –
calcareous siltstone facies, channel calcareous sandstone – calcareous siltstone facies and
thinning upward limestone facies. Based on the biostratigraphy analysis, can be divided
into four biozonations, namely the PL1A, PL1B, PL1C, and PL2 zones which are included
in the Early Pliocene age. There is an unconformity in the facies boundary of the channel
calcareous sandstone – calcareous siltstone facies with thinning upward limestone facies,
identified by the presence of an erosional boundary at that interval and also supported
by sudden changes in paleobatimetry from Upper Bathyal to Middle Neritic. The sedi-
mentation rate identified in this area has a value of 15.5 m / Ma which identified in the
lower facies. The extrapolation results of age and sedimentation rates concluded that the
unconformity occurred at 4.46–4.20 Ma, and eroded 4.03 m thick of sedimentary rocks.
Keywords: Biostratigraphy · Local unconformity identification · Early Pliocene · Sentolo
Formation.

1 I NTRODUCTION tion makes the Sentolo Formation quite inter-

The Sentolo Formation is one of the Kulon esting for biostratigraphic research.
Progo Mountains Zone which is generally con- In Sedayu area, Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta,
sist of marl and limestone. Stratigraphically, there are rock outcrops of the Sentolo Forma-
the Sentolo Formation has a inter-fingering rela- tion which form a continuous stratigraphic suc-
tionship with the Jonggrangan Formation. Ac- cession. The outcrop is composed of carbon-
cording to Rahardjo et al. (1995), the Sentolo ate sandstones and marl at the bottom and
Formation was formed in Late Miocene until limestone at the top, which is restricted by
Early Pliocene, while Surono et al. (1986) state an erosional boundary. The encounter of ero-
that the age of Sentolo Formation is Middle sional boundaries is interesting, because it indi-
Miocene to Late Miocene. The existence of dif- cates an unconformity in the Sentolo Formation
ferences of opinion about the age of this Forma- that has never been found in previous studies.
However, it needs to be reviewed whether the
erosion boundary is an unconformity or only
* Corresponding author: A KMALUDDIN, Depart- a deposition structure due to scour. There-
ment of Geological Engineering, Gadjah Mada Univer- fore, it is interesting to do a detailed biostrati-
sity. Jl. Grafika 2 Yogyakarta, Indonesia. E-mail: graphic study on the fossil content in the out-
akmaluddin@ugm.ac.id

2502-2822/© 2018 Journal of Applied Geology

 A KMALUDDIN et al.

crop to determine whether there is a unconfor- that have fine grain size and calcareous using
mity boundary in between sandstone-marl with a geological hammer and stored on the sample
limestone units. bag. The carbonate content of rocks are shown
This research was conducted with the in- through the release of foam when the dropping
tention of identifying the content of fossils of test of 0.1 M HCl solution is carried out. Sys-
planktic and benthic foraminifera that found tematic sampling is carried out by looking at
on the tracks that located in the study area. the affordability of sampling, and in the erosion
The research objective was to determine the boundary the rock samples are taken in more
foraminifera biostratigraphy zone and identifi- detail.
cation of the depositional environment of the Furthermore, the data processing and analy-
Sentolo Formation in the Sedayu area to prove sis stage is carried out, where at this stage rock
indications of unconformity in the intra-Sentolo samples are prepared so that samples of fossil
Formation. sieve are produced. Equipment needed in the
preparation of this sample include H2 O2 solu-
2 G EOLOCAL S ETTING tion, filter / mesh (mesh 16, mesh 32, mesh 42,
The research area in general is included in the mesh 80), methyl blue, scales, and oven. The
Kulon Progo Mountains Zone which has a mor- sample was weighed to get a sample weighing
phology in the form of a oblong dome with a 100 gr, then the weighed sample is cleaned us-
height to 1,022 m which is formed due to the ing H2 O2 solution so that it is clean from mud.
undulation process (Van Bemmelen, 1949). Ac- Furthermore, it is done again using ultrasonic
cording to Rahardjo et al. (1995), the research washing so that the granules are completely
area included in the Sentolo Formation, which clean of mud. Then sieving using a filter / mesh
is deposited on top of the Old Andesite Forma- on flowing water is obtained so that the micro-
tion and inter-fingering with the Jonggrangan fossil samples of various sizes are obtained. The
Formation (Figure 1). The rocks that compose fossil sample is then inserted into the oven so
the Sentolo Formation from the bottom to the that it is dry and ready to be observed. In the
top consist of agglomerates and marl, interbed- sample preparation, it is then applied to apply
ded limestone and thin marl will be found on methyl blue to the filter to avoid mixing fos-
the upper part. The thickness of the Sentolo sils. The next step is to identify fossils using
Formation ranges from 500–700 meters, formed a binocular microscope, where the identifica-
in shallow marine environment and has a range tion of fossil planktonic foraminifera refers to
of ages N7–N21 (Middle Miocene–Pliocene). Postuma (1971), Bolli & Saunders (1985), and
Li et al. (2003), while identification of benthic
3 M ETHODS foraminifera refers to Jones (1994). From the
The method used in this study starts from field identification of fossils the data obtained are
data collection such as stratigraphic measure- recorded in the fossil list table and distribution
ment and rock sampling. In field data collec- chart.
tion requires equipment including jacob sticks, Based on the measured stratigraphy results,
geological hammers, rock sample bags, HCl, an analysis is carried out to produce the litho-
cameras, measured section columns, and field facies unit of the research area. While based on
notebooks. Retrieval of stratigraphic measure- the results of fossil identification, biostratigra-
ment data using the Jacob Stick method, pro- phy and paleobathimetry analysis were carried
duces stratigraphic measurement data of ± 20 out. Determination of biostratigraphic zones
meters thick, which is recorded into the strati- refers to Blow (1969) and Wade et al. (2011).
graphic measurement column with a scale of Then, an analysis of the sedimentation rates
1:100 to obtain information about rock charac- and identification of unconformity was carried
teristics including color, texture, sedimentary out by integrating biostratigraphic data, pale-
structure, rock composition, strike/dip of layer, obatimetry and absolute age of the biodatum.
and thickness of the rock. Rock sampling is The absolute age of the biodatum will refer to
carried out systematically at intervals of every Wade et al. (2011).
1 meter. Rock samples were taken on rocks

84 Journal of Applied Geology

 S TRATIGRAPHY AND F ORAMINIFERAL B IOSTRATIGRAPHY OF S ENTOLO F ORMATION IN S EDAYU A REA

Qa: Alluvium
Qc: Colluvium
a: Andesite intrusion
Da: Dacite intrusion
Qmi: Merapi Muda deposit
Tmps: Sentolo Formation
Tmj: Jonggrangan Formation
Tmok: Kebo Butak Formation
Teon: Nanggulan Formation

Figures 1. Geological Map of Yogyakarta (Rahardjo dkk., 1995) and Research location
Figure 1: Geological map of Yogyakarta (Rahardjo et al., 1995) and research location.

4 R ESULTS AND D ISCUSSION ness that is quite thick and thinning towards
4.1 Lithofacies the edge. In addition, this facies also found
sedimentary structures in the form of trace fos-
Based on observations in the field, the research
sil iomorpha. At the top of this facies, a flute
area can be divided into three facies, that is:
cast sediment structure was found and then an
A. Thickening upward calcareous sandstone – cal- erosional boundary was identified at the upper
careous siltstone facies limit of this unit.
This facies develops at the bottom of the out- C. Thinning upward limestone facies
crop in the study area, has a thickness of about
This facies develops at the top of the outcrop
12 m (intervals 0–12 m). This facies consists of
in the study area, has a thickness of about 3.1 m
interbedded calcareous sandstone and calcare-
(interval 19.1–22.2 m). The lower limit of this fa-
ous siltstone, which has a white to gray color
cies is restricted by the erosional boundary. This
and thickening upward pattern. The sedimen-
facies consists of white to brown grainstone and
tary structure that develops in this facies is only
packstone with thinning upward pattern. The
beddingFigures
structure andinnormal
2. Appearance the field ofgraded
thickening bedding
upward calcareous sandstone - calcareous siltstone facies (left) and calcareous
sedimentary structure that develops in this fa-
(Figure 2 & 3). sandstone channel - calcareous siltstone facies (right)
cies is bedding and normal graded bedding.
B. Channel calcareous sandstone – calcareous silt-
4.2 Biostratigraphy zonation
stone facies
Observation of planktonic foraminifera fossils
This facies develops in the middle of the out-
in the Sedayu area was carried out on 11 rock
crop in the study area, has a thickness of about
samples. From the total sample, 37 species of
7.1 m (interval 12–19.1 m). This facies con-
planktonic foraminifera were identified, where
sists of calcareous sandstone intercalated with
the distribution and abundance of species can
calcareous siltstone that has medium sand to
be seen in the Table 1, then the plate fossil can be
coarse sand size. Unlike the previous facies, cal-
seen in Appendices. In general, based on bios-
careous sandstones in this facies have massive
and channels structures which have a thick-

Journal of Applied Geology 85

 A KMALUDDIN et al.

erosional
boundary

b c

Figures 2. (a) Erosional boundary on base of thinning upward facies, (b) appearance of thickening upward calcareous sandstone -
Figure 2: (a) Erosional boundary on base of thinning upward facies, (b) appearance of thickening
calcareous siltstonefacies, and (c) appearance of channel calcareous sandstone - calcareous siltstone facies
upward calcareous sandstone – calcareous siltstone facies, and (c) appearance of channel calcareous
sandstone – calcareous siltstone facies.

86 Journal of Applied Geology

 S TRATIGRAPHY AND F ORAMINIFERAL B IOSTRATIGRAPHY OF S ENTOLO F ORMATION IN S EDAYU A REA

Facies C

Facies B
Facies A

Figure 3. Outcrops of calcareous sandstone, calcareous siltstone, and limestone in the Sedayu area.
Figure 3: Outcrops of calcareous
There are three sandstone, calcareous
facies, that are Facies siltstone,
A (thickening upward calcareous and limestone
sandstone - calcareous in the Sedayu area.
There are three facies, that areFacies
siltstone, Facies A calcareous
B (channel (thickeningsandstoneupward calcareous
- calcareous siltstone), and Faciessandstone
C (thinning – calcareous silt-
upward limestone).
stone), Facies B (channel calcareous sandstone – calcareous siltstone), and Facies C (thinning up-
ward limestone).

tratigraphic analysis in the Sedayu area can be last occurrence (LO) of Sphaerodinellopsis kochi in
divided into 4 zones (Figure 4), there is: the SDY012 sample. The naming of this zone is
based on fossil index which limit top and bot-
A. Globorotalia tumida tumida zone (PL1A) tom of this zone. The thickness of this zone is
The Globorotalia tumida tumida zone is a par- 14.4 m.
tial range zone that is equivalent to the PL1
zone (Wade et al., 2011) and the N18 zone C. Globorotalia menardii A zone (PL1C)
(Blow, 1969). The datum at the bottom of The Globorotalia menardii A zone is the concur-
this zone is not found, while the top of this rent range zone that is equivalent to the upper
zone is restricted by the first occurrence (FO) of part of PL 1 zone (Wade et al., 2011) and the up-
Sphaerodinella dehischens in the SDY005 sample. per part of N18 zone (Blow, 1969). The bottom
The naming of this zone was based on the index of this zone is restricted by the last occurrence
fossil content that most characterized the age of (LO) of Sphaerodinellopsis kochi in the SDY012
this zone, that is Globorotalia tumida tumida. The sample, while the top of this zone is restricted
thickness of this zone if limited to the bottom of by three biodatums, namely the last occurrence
the data collection is 3.8 m. (LO) of Globorotalia menardii A, first occur-
rence (FO) of Globorotalia crassaformis and first
B. Sphaerodinella dehischens–Sphaerodinellopsis occurrence (FO) Globorotalia exilis in the SDY014
kochi zone (PL1B) sample. The discovery of more than one bioda-
Sphaerodinella dehischens–Sphaerodinellopsis kochi tum with different ages in the same sample in-
zone is a concurrent range zone that is equiva- dicates an unconformity that restricted the up-
lent to the middle of PL1 zone (Wade et al., 2011) per part of this zone. The naming of this zone is
and N18 zones (Blow, 1969). The bottom of this based on a fossil index that limits the top of this
zone is restricted by the first occurrence (FO) of zone, that is Globorotalia menardii A. The thick-
Sphaerodinella dehischens in the SDY005 sample, ness of this zone is 0.9 m.
while the top of this zone is restricted by the

Journal of Applied Geology 87

 A KMALUDDIN et al.

SEDAYU
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
NO .

11

10

6
5
4
3

2
1
MARL Limestone FACIES

FOSSIL TYPE
SAMPLES
SDY 018A
SDY 018B
SDY 010
SDY 011
SDY 012
SDY 013
SDY 014
SDY 015
SDY 016
SDY 017
SDY 01
SDY 02
SDY 03
SDY 04
SDY 05
SDY 06
SDY 07
SDY 08
SDY 09
S PECIES

1 Globigerina praebulloides

5
4
2 Globigerinoides conglobatus

1 10
3 6
Globigerinoides immaturus

11

11

12
19
3

5
6
4 Globigerinoides obliquus extreemus

3
1
1
1 5 Globigerinoides obliquus obliquus

4 10
2

2
2
6 Globigerinoides quadrilobatus
8

5
3

7 Globigerinoides ruber

8
2

3
8 Globigerinoides sacculifer
3

1
1

9 Globigerinoides subquadratus

1
5
10 Globorotalia acostaensis
5

2
1
3
2

11 Globorotalia crassaformis crassaformis

1
1

1
1
12 Globorotalia crassaformis ronda

1
13 Globorotalia dutertrei blowi
5

1
14 Globorotalia dutertrei dutertrei
1
1
1
15 Globorotalia exilis
3
1

1
16 Globorotalia humerosa humerosa
1

1
4

17 Globorotalia margaritae-evoluta transition

2

18 Globorotalia menardii A
7

1
5

19 Globorotalia menardii B
3

2
6

Table 1: Distribution
20 Globorotalia menardii cultrata
2

4
1

21 Globorotalia menardii menardii

2

2
2

22 Globorotalia merotumida
3
4

23 Globorotalia multicamerata
3

24 Globorotalia pertenuis
1

25 Globorotalia plesiotumida
5

2
6
5

2
2

26 Globorotalia pseudomiocenica

Table 2. Distribution
3

2
2
1

27 Globorotalia pseudoopima
5

28 Globorotalia tumida tumida

6 20 17

3
7
8
1
4

29 Globoquadrina altipira
9 17

2 25

5 17
1 8

2
7

30 Globoquadrina dehischens
8

5
1

8
6
6

31 Hastigerina aequilateralis
2 18

1 18

1 12

Orbulina universa
25

13

25
14
30

32
3

33 Pulleniatina praecursor

chart
1

3
3

Pulleniatina primalis

chart ofof
34
2

8
2
2

1
2
2

35 Spherodinella dehischens
3

36 Sphaerodinellopsis kochi
1

1 15

2
4

37 Sphaerodinellopsis seminulina

Planktonic
6

4
6
1
1
100

100

100

100

100
100

planktonic
97

75
11

33
28

ABUNDANCE
Foraminifera
FO Sphaerodinella dehischens (5.48 Ma)

LO Sphaerodinellopsis kochi (4.52 Ma)

FORAMINIFERA BIODATUM
FO Globorotalia exilis (4.44 Ma)

LO Globorotalia menardii A (4.20 Ma)

FO Globorotalia crassaformis (4.30 Ma)

foraminifera
in Sedayu Area fossil.
Sphaeodinella dehischens - Sphaerodinellopsis

Globorotalia crassaformis - Globorotalia exilis

Globorotalia tumida tumida zone

Globorotalia menardii A zone

kochi zone

zone

This Study (2018)

FORAMINFERA BIOZONATION
5.48 Ma

4.52 Ma
4.46 Ma
4.20 Ma
PL 1A

PL 1B

PL 1C

PL 2

Wade (2011)
PL 1

PL 2

Blow (1969)
N18

N19

AGE

EARLY PLIOCENE

88 Journal of Applied Geology

 S TRATIGRAPHY AND F ORAMINIFERAL B IOSTRATIGRAPHY OF S ENTOLO F ORMATION IN S EDAYU A REA

Thickness (m)

LIMESTONE ZONATION PALEOBATHIMETRY

ABSOLUTE
LITHOLOGY

SAMPLES
wacke

bound
rud &
grain
pack
Facies

mud

AGE
Standard

AGE
TERESTRIAL
NERITIC BATHYAL

ABYSSAL
BIODATUM

TRANSISI
Zonation
MUD SAND GRAVEL This Study

Middle
Middle

Lower
Upper
Outer
Inner
Wade Blow
gran

boul
clay

peb

et.al (2011) (1969)

cob
silt

vc
m
vf

c
f

25
thinning upward facies

24

23

Globorotalia crassaformis
22 018 PL 2 PL 2 N19
- Globorotalia exiliszone
017

21 016

20
015
LO Globorotalia menardii A (4.20 Ma) 4.20 Ma
19 014 FO Globorotalia crassaformis (4.30 Ma) 4.46 Ma
FO Globorotalia exilis (4.44 Ma) Globorotalia menardii A zone PL 1C
013
012 LO Sphaerodinellopsis kochi (4.52 Ma) 4.52 Ma
18
011
channel sand facies

17

16

PLIOCENE
15

14

13 010

12
009
Sphaerodinella

EARLY
11
dehischens -
PL 1B
Sphaerodinellopsis kochi
008 zone
10 (RB)
PL 1 N18
9 007
thickening upward facies

8
006
(RB)
7

6
005

5 004

4
003 LO Sphaerodinella dehischens (5.48 Ma) 5.48 Ma

002
2 Globorotalia tumida
PL 1A
tumida zone
1 001

LEGEND
Packstone Inchnofossil Iomorpha Paleobathimetry range
Grainstone Flute cast Paleobathimetry interpretation
Calcareous siltstone Unconformity
Calcareous sandstone Absolute age based on Wade et.al (2011)

Figures 4. Stratigraphic column, biostratigraphy zones and paleobathimetry of Sedayu area

Figure 4: Stratigraphic column, biostratigraphy zones and paleobathimetry of Sedayu area.

Journal of Applied Geology 89

 A KMALUDDIN et al.

D. Globorotalia crassaformis–Globorotalia exilis imentation rates was identified. The pattern

zone (PL2) has a sedimentation rates value of 15.5 m/Ma
Globorotalia crassaformis–Globorotalia exilis zone that takes place during the formation of thick-
is a partial range zone equivalent to the PL2 ening upward calcareous sandstone–calcareous
zone (Wade et al., 2011) and N19 zone (Blow, siltstone facies and channel calcareous sand-
1969). The bottom of this zone is restricted by stone–calcareous siltstone facies. Furthermore,
first occurrence (FO) of Globorotalia crassaformis above the unconformity, the value of the sed-
and first occurrence (FO) Globorotalia exilis in imentation rates cannot be identified because
the SDY 014 sample, whereas at the top of this there is no more than one biodatum.
zone no biodatum is found. The naming of this Then, based on the results of biostratigra-
zone is based on the content of the fossil index phy and paleobathimetry analysis, identifica-
which limits the bottom of this zone, namely tion of the presence of unconformity can be
Globorotalia crassaformis and Globorotalia exilis. done. In addition, the absolute age of the bioda-
The thickness of this zone if limited to the top tum which is the boundary of each zonation can
of the data collection is 3.2 m. be used to calculate the sedimentation rates by
dividing the thickness of the sediment by that
4.3 Paleobathimetry age difference. Before calculating sedimenta-
Determination of paleobathimetry is based on tion rates, it is necessary to identify unconfor-
the content of existing benthic foraminifera. mity because generally it will affect the sedi-
From the total sample, 25 species of mentation rates.
foraminifera benthics were identified, where In the study area, there were indications of
the distribution and abundance of the species unconformity, that is at the boundary between
can be seen in the Table 2, the the plate fossil the channel calcareous sandstone–calcareous
can be seen in Appendices. siltstone facies with the thinning upward lime-
In general, the results of the analysis of pa- stone facies (samples SDY013 and SDY014).
leobathimetry (Figure 4) show that at the bot- The unconformity was identified from the
tom (SDY001–SDY011 sample) is formed in Up- presence of three biodatums with relatively
per Bathyal to Middle Bathyal paleobathimetry. different ages in the same sample, as well as
Then began to show shallowing in the SDY012 indications of a paleobathimetric gap in the
sample into the Upper Bathyal environment. SDY013–SDY014 sample. Using the sedimenta-
In the SDY013–SDY014 sample, it was identi- tion rates below it (15.5 m/Ma), extrapolation
fied a paleobathimetric gap which the environ- was carried out and it was known that the age
ment suddenly changed from initially on Up- of bottom of the unconformity is at 4.46 Ma.
per Bathyal to Middle Neritic in short intervals. Whereas the age of top of this unconformity
This indicates an unconformity at that interval. cannot be calculated using extrapolation be-
Finally, at the top (SDY015–SDY018) the envi- cause there is no data on sedimentation rates
ronment tends to remain Middle Neritik with a above the unconformity, so that the age of top
slight deepening at the top. unconformity is considered the same as the
youngest biodatum which restricted this un-
4.4 Biochronology conformity, which is LO Globorotalia menardii A
When referring to Wade et al. (2011), the bioda- with age 4.20 Ma.
tum used in this study is known for its absolute When calculating using the sedimentation
age (??). From the absolute age data, the sedi- rates below it (15.5 m/Ma), the eroded thick-
mentation rates in the study area can be calcu- ness during unconformity (4.46–4.20 Ma) is
lated. In addition, it can also be used to identify around 4.03 meters (Figure 5). Based on the
age of unconformity. The absolute age values of duration of unconformity and eroded thickness
the biodatum used in this study are as follows. which tends to be thin, it is suspected that this
unconformity is not a regional unconformity,
4.5 Sedimentation rates and unconformity but only local unconformity.
identification
Based on the sedimentation rates analysis in
the Sedayu area (Figure 5), one pattern of sed-

90 Journal of Applied Geology

91 Journal of Applied Geology
SAMP LES
SDY 01
SDY 02
SDY 03
SDY 04
SDY 05
SDY 06
SDY 07
SDY 08
SDY 09
SDY 010
SDY 011
SDY 012
SDY 013
SDY 014
SDY 015
SDY 016
SDY 017
SDY 018B
SDY 018A
SEDAYU

MARL LS FACIES
1 Amphistegina lessoni
1
1
1
1
1

2 Articulina ma yo ri
1

3 Boliv inita qua drilatera

1
1
3

4 Briza lina sub aenariensis

2
2

5 Dentalina subemaciata
1

6 Denta lin a subsoluta

2
2
1
1

7 Ephidiu m macellum
1

8 Fissurin a inco mposita

1

9 Glob ocassidulina subg lo bosa

3
1
2
1
1

10 Grigelis sp .
1
1

11 Hay nesia german ica

3
1
Table

12
Table 2:

Len ticulina denticu lif era

2
13 Melonis p empilio lid es
1
1

1 14 Nod osaria lammulifera

1
2

15 No nion f abu m
1
2
1
3. Distribution

16 Ortho morphin a jed litschkai

2
1
Distribution

BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA

17 Pseudo gland ulina glan dulinif ormis

chart

18 Py rgoella sph aera

1
chart

19 Rh abda mmina discreta

1
1
1
1
1
1
5
2
2

20 Rhabd ammina linearis

1
1
of Benthic

21 Sip hogerina striata

1
of benthic

22 Stilo stomella aby ssorum

1
2
23 Tubin ella ino rn ata

1
24 Veleronin oides jeff rey sii

1
Foraminifera

25 Verneuilin ulla propin qua

1
foraminifera
in Sedayu

7
4
3
9
6
9
4
6
8

10
12
fossil.
Area

ABUNDANCE

TERRESTRIAL
LITORAL
INNER
MIDDLE

SHELF
OUTER
UPPER
MIDDLE
PALEOBATHIMETRY

SLOPE
LOWER
ABYSSAL
MARL LS FACIES
SAMP LES

SDY 01
SDY 02
SDY 03
SDY 04
SDY 05
SDY 06
SDY 07
SDY 08
SDY 09
SDY 010
SDY 011
SDY 012
SDY 013
SDY 014
SDY 015
SDY 016
SDY 017
SDY 018B
SDY 018A
S TRATIGRAPHY AND F ORAMINIFERAL B IOSTRATIGRAPHY OF S ENTOLO F ORMATION IN S EDAYU A REA
 A KMALUDDIN et al.

Thickness (m)

LIMESTONE
LITHOLOGY

SAMPLES
wacke

bound
rud &
grain
pack
Facies

mud

MUD SAND GRAVEL

BIODATUM RATE OF SEDIMENTATION (uR)
3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 4.5 6.0 Ma
gran

boul
clay

peb
cob
silt

vc
m
vf

c
f

25
thinning upward facies

24

23
19,1 m (4.46 Ma)
22 018
017
? 19,1 m (4.20 Ma)

21 016
Age of Unconformity = 4.20 - 4.46 Ma

20
015
? with sedimentation rate = 0.50 cm/ky (5m/Ma),
so the erosional thickness is...
LO Globorotalia menardii A (4.20 Ma)
19 014 FO Globorotalia crassaformis (4.30 Ma) 19,1 m (4.20 - 4.3 Ma) Erosional thickness (m)
013 FO Globorotalia exilis (4.44 Ma) uR =
012 LO Sphaerodinellopsis kochi (4.52 Ma)
Age (Ma)
18
011 18,2 m (4.52 Ma)
Erosional thickness (m)
15.5 m/Ma =
channel sand facies

17 0.26 Ma
Erosional
16 thickness (m) = 4.03 meter

15

14

13 010

12
009
15.5 m/Ma
11

008
10 (RB)

9 007
thickening upward facies

8
006
(RB)
7

6
005

5 004

4
003 LO Sphaerodinella dehischens (5.48 Ma) 3,8 m (5.48 Ma)
3

002
2

1 001

LEGEND
y Ma Age based on extrapolation of sedimentation rates Packstone Inchnofossil Iomorpha
y Ma Absolute age of biodatum Grainstone Flute cast
Crossplot biodatum Calcareous siltstone
a m/Ma Sedimentation rates value Calcareous sandstone

Figures 5. Identification of sedimentation rates and unconformities age

Figure 5: Identification of sedimentation rates and unconformities age.

92 Journal of Applied Geology

 S TRATIGRAPHY AND F ORAMINIFERAL B IOSTRATIGRAPHY OF S ENTOLO F ORMATION IN S EDAYU A REA

Table 3: Absolute age of biodatum in the study the age of 4.46–4.20 Ma, and caused a 4.03 m
area. thick sedimentary rock to eroded.

No. Biodatum Absolute A CKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Age (Wade This study was supported by research grant
et al., 2011) from Department of Geological Engineering
1 FO Sphaerodinella 5.48 Ma UGM. The authors wish to express thanks to
dehischens field geological teams in Sedayu area (Dr. Didit
Hadi Barianto and Berli Sahala Simorangkir,
2 LO Sphaerodinellopsis 4.52 Ma S.T.)
kochi
3 FO Globorotalia exilis 4.44 Ma R EFERENCES
4 FO Globorotalia 4.30 Ma Armstrong, H., & Brasier, M. (2005) Microfossils,
Blackwell Publishing, United Kingdom.
crassaformis
Berggren, W.A., Kent, D.V., Swisher, C.C., Aubry,
5 LO Globorotalia 4.20 Ma M. (1995) A revised Cenozoic geochronology
menardii A and chronostratigraphy. In: Berggren, W.A.,
Kent, D.V., Aubry, M.-P., Hardenbol, J. (Eds.),
Geochronology Time Scales and Global Strati-
5 C ONCLUSION graphic CorrelationSEMP Special Publication,
vol. 54, pp. 129–212.
The Sentolo Formation in the Serayu area is Blow, W.H. (1969) Late Middle Eocene to Recent
composed of three lithofacies, that is thicken- Planktonik Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy. In
ing upward calcareous sandstone–calcareous Bronnimann P. and Renz, H.H. (eds.) 1st Con-
siltstone facies, channel calcareous sand- ference on Planktonik Microfossils Proceedings
stone–calcareous siltstone facies and thin- (Geneva, 1967). E.J. Brill, Leiden, v. 1, h. 199–412,
ning upward limestone facies. These facies 43 gbr., 54 pl.
are formed at the age of the Early Pliocene, Bolli, H., M., Saunder, J. B., dan Nielsen, Pearch K.
(1985) Plankton Stratigraphy. Cambridge Univer-
where biostratigraphy can be divided into
sity Press.
four biostratigraphic zones, namely Globoro- Jones, R.W. (1994) Challenger Foraminifera. Oxford:
talia tumida tumida zone (PL1A), Sphaerodinella Oxford University Press, 149 pp.
dehischens–Sphaerodinellopsis kochi zone (PL1B), Komisi Sandi Stratigrafi Indonesia (1996) Sandi
Globorotalia menardii A (PL1C), and Globorotalia Stratigrafi Indonesia, Ikatan Ahli Geologi In-
crassaformis–Globorotalia exilis zone (PL2). donesia, Jakarta.
The unconformity in the boundary of the Leckie, R. Mark, Farnham, C., Schmidt, M.G. (1993)
Oligocene Planktonic Foraminifer Biostratigra-
channel calcareous sandstone–calcareous sil-
phy of Hole 803D (Ontong Java Plateu) and Hole
stone facies with the thinning upward lime- 628A (Little Bahama Bank), and Comparison with
stone facies was identified. On the appear- the Southerns High Latitudes, In Berger, W.H.,
ance in the field, the unconformity was iden- Wise, S.W., Jr., Schlich, R., et al., Proc. ODP, ScII.
tified from the presence of an erosion bound- Results, 130 (Pt. 2): College Station, TX (Ocean
ary between the boundaries of the two facies, Drilling Program), 113–130.
whereas based on paleobathimetry it also sup- Rahardjo, W., Sukandarrumidi, dan Rosidi, H.M.D.
ported this with the sudden change in pa- (1995) Peta Geologi Lembar Yogyakarta, Jawa,
Edisi ke-2, Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan
leobathimetry from Upper Batial to Middle
Geologi, Bandung.
Neritic. The sedimentation rates identified in Van Bemmelen, R.W. (1949) The Geology of Indone-
this area has a value of 15.5 m/Ma during the sia, Vol. I.A. General Geology. Martinus Nyhoff,
formation of thickening upward calcareous The Hague.
sandstone–calcareous siltstone facies and chan- Wade, B. S., Pearson, P. N., and Berggren, W. (2011)
nel calcareous sandstone–calcareous siltstone Review and Revision of Cenozoic Tropical Plank-
facies, while at the top it cannot be calculated tonic Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy and Calibra-
tion to the Geomagnetic Polarity and Astronomi-
because no biodatum are found. The extrap-
cal Time Scale, Earth Science Riview 104.
olation results of age and sedimentation rates
concluded that the unconformity occurred at

Journal of Applied Geology 93

 A KMALUDDIN et al.

A P LATE OF P LANKTONIC AND B ENTHIC

F ORAMINIFERA F OSSILS

94 Journal of Applied Geology

 S TRATIGRAPHY AND F ORAMINIFERAL B IOSTRATIGRAPHY OF S ENTOLO F ORMATION IN S EDAYU A REA

PLATE 1
1a 1b 2a 2b 3a 3b

4a 4b 5a 5b 6a 6b

7a 7b 8a 8b 9a 9b

10a 10b 10c 11a 11b 11c

12a 12b 13a 13b 14a 14b

100 µm

1. Globigerina praebulloides 8. Globigerinoides sacculifer

2. Globigerinoides conglobatus 9. Globigerinoides subquadratus
3. Globigerinoides immaturus 10. Globorotalia acostaensis
4. Globigerinoides obliquus extreemus 11. Globorotalia crassaformis crassaformis
5. Globigerinoides obliquus obliquus 12. Globorotalia crassaformis ronda
6. Globigerinoides quadrilobatus 13. Globorotalia dutertrei blowi
7. Globigerinoides ruber 14. Globorotalia dutertrei dutertrei

Journal of Applied Geology 95

 A KMALUDDIN et al.

PLATE 2
1a 1b 2a 2b 3a 3b

4a 4b 4c 5a 5b 5c

6a 6b 6c 7a 7b 7c

8a 8b 8c 9a 9b 9c

10a 10b 10c 11a 11b 11c

100 µm

1. Globorotalia exilis 6. Globorotalia menardii cultrata

2. Globorotalia humerosa humerosa 7. Globorotalia menardii menardii
3. G l o b o ro t a l i a m a rg a r i t a e - e v o l u t a 8. Globorotalia merotumida
transition 9. Globorotalia multicamerata
4. Globorotalia menardii A 10. Globorotalia pertenuis
5. Globorotalia menardii B 11. Globorotalia plesiotumidai

96 Journal of Applied Geology

 S TRATIGRAPHY AND F ORAMINIFERAL B IOSTRATIGRAPHY OF S ENTOLO F ORMATION IN S EDAYU A REA

PLATE 3
1a 1b 1c 2a 2b 5a

3a 3b 3c 4a 4b 5b

6a 6b 7 8a 8b 8c

9a 9b 10a 10b 11a 11b

9c 12a 12b

100 µm

1. Globorotalia pseudomiocenica 7. Orbulina universa

2. Globorotalia pseudoopima 8. Pulleniatina praecursor
3. Globorotalia tumida tumida 9. Pulleniatina primalis
4. Globoquadrina altipira 10. Spherodinella dehischens
5. Globoquadrina dehischens 11. Sphaerodinellopsis kochi
6. Hastigerina aequilateralis 12. Sphaerodinellopsis seminulina

Journal of Applied Geology 97

 A KMALUDDIN et al.

PLATE 4
1 2 3a 3b 4 5

6 7 8 9a 9b 10

11 12a 12b 13 14 15

16 17 18 19 20 21

22 23 24a 24b 25

100 µm

1. Amphistegina lessoni 10. Grigelis sp. 19. Rhabdammina discreta

2. Articulina mayori 11. Haynesia germanica 20. Rhabdammina linearis
3. Bolivinita quadrilatera 12. Lenticulina denticulifera 21. Siphogerina striata
4. Brizalina subaenariensis 13. Melonis pempiliolides 22. Stilostomella abyssorum
5. Dentalina subemaciata 14. Nodosaria lammulifera 23. Tubinella inornata
6. Dentalina subsoluta 15. Nonion fabum 24. Veleroninoides jeffreysii
7. Ephidium macellum 16. Orthomorphina jedlitschkai 25. Verneuilinulla propinqua
8. Fissurina incomposita 17. Pseudoglandulina glanduliniformis
9. Globocassidulina subglobosa 18. Pyrgoella sphaera

98 Journal of Applied Geology