3 Dif and 5 Dif CBC

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Difference between 3-part and 5-part differential cell counter

Posted on October 26, 2020 by Shanthi Mathur
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Hematology analyzers are also called cell counters as they are used to make a complete blood
count (CBC) including red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC), hemoglobin, and platelet
counts, as well as hematocrit levels and many other parameters. The most common discussion
regarding cell counters is around 3-part differential cell counters and 5-part differential cell
counters. The difference between a 3-part differential cell counter and 5-part cell counter is that –
a 3-part cell-counter reports only 3 types of WBCs (neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes)
while a 5-part can differentiate all WBC types (neutrophils, lymphocytes, basophils, eosinophils,
and monocytes).
What is a cell counter or hematology analyzer? How does it work?

Coulter’s Principle
All hematology analyzers use Coulter’s Principle. A 3-part differential cell counter uses
Coulter’s Principle to determine the size and volume of the cells. Coulter’s principle is applied
through the use of two electrodes. Using hydrodynamic focusing, the sample cells are sent
through an orifice one cell at a time. As the cells go through the orifice, they briefly cause
electrical resistance to the current. This resistance is recorded, measured, amplified, and
processed which can then be interpreted by the computer into a

histogram.
The 3-part analyzer is able to differentiate between 3 types of WBC’s, neutrophils, lymphocytes,
and monocytes. In a 3-part differential cell counter basophils and eosinophils cannot be
differentiated and are grouped with population of either neutrophils or monocytes. E.g. Sysmex
XP-300 reports neutrophils as a distinct population and group monocytes with the rest. This
could be useful for screening bacterial infections. On the other hand Mindray BC – 3000 Plus
report Lymphocytes, Granlulocytes and the mixed population of the other WBC components.
Flow Cytometry in 5-part cell counter

A 5-Part Differential Cell Counter utilizes both Coulter’s Principle and flow cytometry to
determine the granularity, diameter, and inner complexity of the cells. Just as in 3-part
differential cell counter, the sample cells are passed through an orifice. Additionally, during this,
a laser is directed at them, and the scattered light is measured at multiple angles. The absorbance
is also recorded. The cell can be identified based on the intensity of the scattered light and the
level of absorbance. A 5-part cell counter can differentiate all WBC types (neutrophils,
lymphocytes, basophils, eosinophils, and monocytes).
6-part differential cell counter
Recent automated hematology analyzers also

come with 6-part differential. They are able to classify immature granlulocytes (IG) as a sixth
population and report them as a percentage count of the total WBC count and an absolute count.
Presence of IG in peripheral blood indicates increased bone marrow activation, as seen in sepsis.
They also report on Reticulocytes, Nucleated RBCs and Fluorescent Platelet counts etc., used for
various clinical requirements.
5-part or 6-part analyzers are more expensive than 3-part analyzers, but provide more in-depth
information about the sample. Specific jobs, such as allergy testing or parasitic infections require
5-part differential analysis. However, most common investigations can be completed with the 3-
part analyzer.
Fully automated or semi-automated hematology analyzer?

Fully Automated hematology analyzers are generally intended for use in larger medical facilities
or laboratories. The Semi-automated hematology analyzers, are used in small laboratories or as
back-up in large hospitals. Tasks like blood sample dilution may not be automated in semi-auto
analyzers.
Hematology analyzers or cell counters are the most basic of the laboratory equipment used by
hospitals. Popular brands of hematology analyzers in India are Sysmex, Horiba, Mindray,
Erba, UBM, Roche, Siemens, Meril etc.
Looking to set-up a Lab?
Here are more resources
Diagnostic Lab Equipment list and cost
How to decide what equipment to buy for diagnostic lab

Top 8 Medical Diagnostic Centre set-up Requirements
For help in budgeting and planning click link below:
Posted in Cell counter, IV Diagnostics / Laboratory, Medical equipmentTagged 3-part hematology

analyzer, 5-part hematology analyzer, 6-part hematology analyzer, CBC machine, cell counter
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Disclaimer : All views and information in this site and the blogs is based on secondary information available in public domain
and is provided "as is", with no guarantee of completeness, accuracy, timeliness or of the results obtained from the use of this
information. PrimedeQ is not responsible for any errors or omissions, or for the results obtained from the use of this information.
Readers are encouraged to independently verify all required information.
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Difference between 3-part and 5-part differential cell counter

processed which can then be interpreted by the computer into a

Flow Cytometry in 5-part cell counter

Recent automated hematology analyzers also

Fully automated or semi-automated hematology analyzer?

Looking to set-up a Lab?

Here are more resources

Diagnostic Lab Equipment list and cost

How to decide what equipment to buy for diagnostic lab

For help in budgeting and planning click link below:

Posted in Cell counter, IV Diagnostics / Laboratory, Medical equipmentTagged 3-part hematology

Jayanagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560069

(+91)-8971223957, 70197 59765

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PrimedeQ © 2017. All Rights Reserved. Designed by Kennovation

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