DIVISION OF GEN.

TRIAS CITY
Project ISuLAT – ACTIVITY SHEETS in ENGLISH 6
(Intensified Support to Learning Alternatives Through Activity Sheets)

Name: _______________________________________ Grade & Section: __________________

ACTIVITY SHEET #5: Cause and Effect Text Type

GEAR UP
MELC: Identify the purpose, key structural and language features of various types of
informational/factual text

After the learners have finished answering this activity sheet, they will be able to:
1. identify the structure of a cause-and-effect text type;
2. distinguish signal words that indicates cause and effect;
3. use appropriate graphic organizer to note important details from the text; and
4. write a sample paragraph that demonstrates cause and effect text type.

ENGAGE
What is a cause-effect?
Paragraphs structured as cause and effect explain reasons why something happened or the effects
of something. Cause is the driving force in the text. It is the reason that things happen. In short,
cause is the thing that makes other things happen. Effect refers to what results. It is what happened
next in the text that results from a preceding cause. These paragraphs can be ordered as causes
and effects or as effects and then causes. The cause-and-effect text structure is generally used in
expository and persuasive writing modes.

Cause and effect are important elements of a text that help the reader follow a writer’s line of
thought, regardless of whether that text is fiction or nonfiction. It also helps the writer engage in the
writing process to organize and structure the information into a logical form. To find an effect,
readers ask, “What happened?” and to find cause, readers ask “Why did this happen?”

Signal words, or transitions, are signposts that help guide the reader identify the cause and the
effect.

Cause (The Why) Effect (The What)

Because As a consequence So This resulted in ..
Because of of … So that As a result …
Since There are many Hence This led to …
Now that reasons why … Thus Accordingly
May be due to … This is because … Therefore Consequently
As a result of … For this reason …

Example:
Learners are not allowed to chew gum in my class. While some
pupils think that I am just being mean, there are many good reasons for
this rule. First, some irresponsible pupils make messes with their
gum. They may leave it on the bottoms of desks, drop it on the floor, or
put it on other people’s property. Another reason why I don’t allow
students to chew gum is because it is a distraction. When they are
allowed to chew gum, pupils are more worried about having it, popping
it, chewing it, and snapping it then they are in listening, writing, reading,
and learning. This is why I don’t allow students to chew gum in my class.
Sources:
Shane Mac Donnchaidh. (n.d.). Cause and Effect in Reading and Writing. Retrieved from https://www.literacyideas.com/teaching-cause-effect-in-english
Cause and Effect (n.d.). E-Reading Worksheets. Retrieved from Compare and Contrast. (n.d.). E-Reading Worksheets. Retrieved from https://www.ereadingworksheets.com/text-structure/patterns-of-
organization/cause-and-effect/

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 DIVISION OF GEN. TRIAS CITY
Project ISuLAT – ACTIVITY SHEETS in ENGLISH 6
(Intensified Support to Learning Alternatives Through Activity Sheets)

TEST
Exercise 1: Read the short paragraph carefully. Look and encircle for signal words that show
cause and effect. Then, answer the questions that follow.

The tilapia is now a popular fish dish in the Philippines due to its good taste and as a
cheap source of protein. Since it grows fast, the fish farmers can harvest them within four
months or less. It is also a hardy fish; thus, it grows in nearly all bodies of water, even brackish
water. It is not a picky eater either; hence, it can live on natural food in the water as well as
on artificial feeds. Moreover, Tilapia is useful because it helps in the control of harmful insects
like mosquitoes in ponds and lagoons.

1. Why is tilapia a popular fish in the Philippines?

It is due to its good taste and as a cheap source of protein.
_____________________________________________________________________________

2. Why can the fish farmers harvest them within a short period of time?
The fish farmers can harvest them within a short period of time because it grows fast.
_____________________________________________________________________________

3. What happens because the Tilapia is a hardy fish?

It grows in nearly all bodies of water, even brackish water.
_____________________________________________________________________________

4. What is the result of a Tilapia being not a picky eater?

_____________________________________________________________________________
It can live on natural food in the water as well as on artificial feeds.

5. Why is the tilapia considered helpful?

_____________________________________________________________________________
Tilapia is considered helpful because it helps in the control of harmful insects like mosquitoes in ponds
and lagoons.
Exercise 2: Go back to the paragraph above and complete the organizer below by writing the
sentences that show cause and effect relationship. Label the part of the sentence as CAUSE or
Effect and write the signal word used. Use the questions above and your answers as your guide
in identifying the cause-and-effect relationship. The first one is done for you.

signal word
EFFECT: CAUSE:
Tilapia is now a popular fish in the Philippines due to
its good taste and as a cheap source of protein

EFFECT: CAUSE:
The fish farmers can harvest them in a short since
It grows fast.
period of time.
CAUSE:
It is also a hardy fish. thus EFFECT:
It grows in nearly all bodies of water, even the
brackish water.
CAUSE:
It is not a picky eater either. hence EFFECT:
It can live on natural food in the water as well as
on artificial feeds.
EFFECT: because CAUSE:
Tilapia is useful. It helps in the control of harmful insects like
mosquitoes in ponds and lagoons.

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 DIVISION OF GEN. TRIAS CITY
Project ISuLAT – ACTIVITY SHEETS in ENGLISH 6
(Intensified Support to Learning Alternatives Through Activity Sheets)

REINFORCE
Directions: Read each paragraph below. Then complete the graphic organizer that shows the
cause-and-effect ideas presented. Label which ones are the cause and which ones are the
effect (like in the example in the Engage).

1. We live in a world of plenty, with more than enough food to choose from. But what influences which
foods we decide to buy and eat? We choose foods for many reasons besides hunger. The main
reason we choose a particular food is because we like the way it tastes. We like eating the food
simply because they taste good. Another reason is that it is our favorite food. These are the food
we eat while growing up, which brings us joy and happy memories, like a comfort food. Sometimes,
wanting to eat something is all about how yummy the food looks. Even if we are already full, but we
see something that looks good to eat, we would still buy and eat it. Finally, the cost and convenience
also weigh heavily in our food choices. Time-saving food choices like instant cup noodles and street
foods also play a major role in choosing what food to buy and eat.
Source: Zelman, Kathleen M. MPH, RD, LD. (n.d.) Why We Eat the Foods We Do: Understanding what drives your food decisions can help
you make healthier choices. Nourish by WebMD. Retrieved from https://www.webmd.com/diet/features/why-we-eat-the-foods-we-do#1

CAUSES:

We like the way it tastes.

EFFECT
It is our favorite food.
We live in a world of plenty, with
more than enough food to choose
from.
How yummy the food looks.

The cost and convenience.

2. Some people think that watching TV is bad for the kids, but it is important to remember that watching
television has some good effects too. For one thing, T.V. takes you to places and events all over
the world. It gives you the best seats for important events like the Olympics or launching a
spacecraft to the moon. Moreover, T.V. brings art, music and plays into your living rooms. With just
a click of a remote control, you can watch a performance by Ballet Philippines or a concert by Sarah
Geronimo. You can also learn about our world through television by watching Science programs
like Discovery Channel or Sineskwela. Last, watching television shows, specifically those aired by
DepEd TV will help you better understand your lessons, especially now when you cannot go to
school.
Source: Cupcupin, Rosalinda M. (2007). Quest for Reading Treasures Skill Kit 6. Marikina City: Instructional Coverage System Publishing, Inc.
EFFECTS:

T.V. takes you to places and events all over the world.

CAUSE:
T.V. brings art, music and plays into your living rooms.
Some people think that
watching TV is bad for the
kids.
You can also learn about world through television.

T.V. shows will help you understand your lessons.

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 DIVISION OF GEN. TRIAS CITY
Project ISuLAT – ACTIVITY SHEETS in ENGLISH 6
(Intensified Support to Learning Alternatives Through Activity Sheets)

INTEGRATE
Directions: Remember the time when someone got angry with you (your parents, your brother
/ sister, your friend). Think back on the reasons why they would usually get angry and what
happens when they became angry (effect). Write at least 4 causes and 4 effects in the chart
below.
Ex. MAIN IDEA: My mom got angry with me.
CAUSE EFFECT
I did not clean my room. She made me clean the whole house.
I left the house without telling her. I was not allowed to leave the house for a week.
I made my younger sister cry. She pinched me.
I burned the rice she asked me to cook. She shouted at me.

MAIN IDEA: WIFE

My ___________________ got angry with me.

CAUSE EFFECT

I did not close the door. She did not talk to me.

I was so noisy. She shouted at me.

I did not clean our kitchen. She ignored me for an hour.

I played basketball without telling her. She called me angrily.

Scoring guide:
4 pts for each correct cause (must really be a possible cause for the main idea) 1 pt. for the main idea
4 pts. for each correct effect (must really be a possible effect for each of the cause) 1 pt. for writing something in the chart

ASSESS
Directions: Read each question carefully. Write the letter of your answer on the blank.
______ 1. Which text type discusses the reasons why things happened, and its results?
a. description c. comparison-contrast
b. chronological d. cause and effect
______ 2. Which signal word signifies an effect?
a. due to b. because c. since d. therefore
______ 3. In the sentence, “Mom and Dad got caught my brother smoking, that’s why they were
upset,” which is the signal word used?
a. caught b. brother c. that’s why d. smoking
______ 4. The main idea is – Many farmers have gone bankrupt. Which is NOT a possible cause?
a. Farm equipment are very expensive.
b. Land used for farming was sold to subdivision developers.
c. The supply of food in the market has significantly decreased.
d. Weather and season like drought and typhoon have caused poor harvest.
______ 5. What is a possible effect of eating junk foods?
a. Regular junk food intake leads to long-term health problems such as obesity.
b. Junk food is extremely attractive to most children because of the taste.
c. Children are more inclined to eat junk food than fruits and vegetables.
d. Junk foods are more convenient to eat and cost less.
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 DIVISION OF GEN. TRIAS CITY
Project ISuLAT – ACTIVITY SHEETS in ENGLISH 6
(Intensified Support to Learning Alternatives Through Activity Sheets)

SHARPEN
Directions: Write a short cause and effect paragraph (6 to 10 sentences only) using the details
you placed under Integrate about the causes why somebody gets angry and the effects when
s/he become angry. Aside from the details above, you may add other information to elaborate
your causes and effects. Your paragraph may only discuss one cause and many effects, or
many causes with one effect. An example for each is given below.
Examples:
Many causes – one effect
There are many reasons why my mom gets angry with me. One of the reasons is because I often forget to clean my room. When
she enters my room and sees how messy it is, I will surely get in trouble. Another reason my mom gets angry is when I leave
the house without telling her. She becomes very worried and angry when she does not know where I am and who am with. My
mom also gets angry every time she would hear my younger sister cry, especially when I was supposed to be looking after her.
She would immediately think that I did something to make her cry. Last, my mom gets very angry when I burn the rice I was
cooking. She says I am wasting food and that I should be more responsible.

One cause – many effects.

When my mom gets angry with me, I usually suffer many consequences. First, she would often make me clean the whole house.
That would be for days until she is no longer angry. Second, she would ground me for a long, long time. When I am grounded,
I cannot even go out to buy something from the sari-sari store next to our house. Third, she would pinch me. It really hurts when
she does that. And finally, she would shout at me. My mom has a very loud voice, so everyone in our barangay knows she is
scolding me … again.

________________________________________________________________________________
When my wife gets angry with me, I usually suffer many consequences. First, she wouldn't talk to me.
________________________________________________________________________________
That would be an hour or more until she is no longer angry. Second, she would shout at me. When she
________________________________________________________________________________
shouts at me, I would be quiet. Third, she would ignore me. Like I don't exist at all and that would be for
________________________________________________________________________________
an hour. And finally, she would call me angrily. She would tell me to come home quickly.
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________

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 DIVISION OF GEN. TRIAS CITY
Project ISuLAT – ACTIVITY SHEETS in ENGLISH 6
(Intensified Support to Learning Alternatives Through Activity Sheets)
RUBRIC
Task 5 3 1
The essay clearly showed the cause-
The essay showed the cause-and-
Purpose and and-effect text type. The essay has The essay show cause or effect but not
effect text type but has little details that
Supporting details that support the main idea. The both. There is no supporting
support the main idea. The essay may
Details essay includes only relevant information or support is incomplete.
include information that is not relevant.
information.
The essay follows a consistent order
Some details are not in a logical or Many details are not in a logical or
when discussing the cause and effect
Organization & expected order, and this distracts the expected order. There is little sense
of the main idea.
Structure reader. There were some signal words that the writing is organized. The few
Signal words were used effectively to
used, but not all were used effectively. signal words used were inappropriate.
show transition of ideals.
Writer makes no errors in grammar or Writer makes 3-4 errors in grammar or Writer makes more than 4 errors in
Spelling &
spelling that distract the reader from spelling that distract the reader from grammar or spelling that distract the
Grammar
the content the content. reader from the content.
References:
Cause and Effect (n.d.). E-Reading Worksheets. Retrieved from https://www.ereadingworksheets.com/text-structure/patterns-of-organization/cause-and-effect/
Cupcupin, Rosalinda M. (2007). Quest for Reading Treasures Skill Kit 6. Marikina City: Instructional Coverage System Publishing, Inc.
Shane Mac Donnchaidh. (n.d.). Cause and Effect in Reading and Writing. Retrieved from https://www.literacyideas.com/teaching-cause-effect-in-english
Zelman, Kathleen M. MPH, RD, LD. (n.d.) Why We Eat the Foods We Do: Understanding what drives your food decisions can help you make healthier choices. Nourish by WebMD. Retrieved
from https://www.webmd.com/diet/features/why-we-eat-the-foods-we-do#1

ANSWERS FOR THE LEARNING TASKS IN MODULES

TEACHER’S FEEDBACK

SELF-MONITORING
Name of Learner: Week:
Grade & Section: Subject:

For Learners (Please complete the statements.)

The part of the activity sheet that I found
very difficult to answer …
The part of the activity sheet that I found
very easy to answer …

I still need help on …

For Parents / Guardians (Please check one in each column.)

My son / daughter was able to do all the exercises in
My son / daughter …
the activity sheets
was able to answer all exercises on his / her own without any help
was not able to finish answering some of the
with a little help from parent / guardian
exercises
was not able to answer all the exercises the
with a lot of help from parent / guardian
activity sheet

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