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Mathematics
Quarter 2 - Module 8:
Linear Function and Its Application

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Mathematics - Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 8: Linear Function and Its Application

First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education – Division of Gingoog City

Division Superintendent: Jesnar Dems S. Torres, PhD, CESO VI

Development Team of the Module

Author/s: Noemie D. Cagumbay

Reviewers: Ma. Cristina B. Galgo, Dennis B. Dumaog
Illustrator and Layout Artist: Jay Michael A. Calipusan

Management Team
Chairperson: Jesnar Dems S. Torres, PhD, CESO VI
Schools Division Superintendent

Co-Chairpersons: Conniebel C. Nistal, PhD.

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Pablito B. Altubar
CID Chief

Members
Ma. Cristina B. Galgo, EPS-Mathematics
Himaya B. Sinatao, LRMS Manager
Jay Michael A. Calipusan, PDO II
Mercy M. Caharian, Librarian II
Printed in the Philippines by
Department of Education – Division of Gingoog City
Office Address: Brgy. 23, National Highway, Gingoog City
Telefax: 088 328 0108/ 088328 0118
E-mail Address: gingoog.city@deped.gov.ph
 Mathematics
Quarter 2 - Module 8:
Linear Function and Its Application
 Table of Contents
What This Learning Package is About......................................................................i
What I Need to Know................................................................................................i
How to Learn from this Learning Package................................................................i
Icons of this Learning Package.................................................................................ii

What I Know (Pre-Test).............................................................................................iii

Lesson 1:
Linear Function and Its Application

What’s In
(Act. No. 1: I have a point!) ................................................................1

What’s New
(Act. No. 2: Muticab Ride!) ............................................................... 2

What Is It .......................................................................................... 3

What’s More
(Act. No. 3: My Baby Bro!)................................................................. 4

What I Have Learned

(Act. No. 4: I Like To Do it!)………………………………………………5

What Is It .......................................................................................... 6

What’s More ..................................................................................... 6

What’s New
(Act. No. 5: Meet Formulate!)............................................................ 8

What I Have Learned

(Act. No. 6: Talk Mall!)…………………………………………………… 8

What I Can Do
(Act. No. 7: Light the Way!) .............................................................. 9

Summary…………………………………………………………………………………. 10
Assessment: (Post-Test) .................................................................................... 11
Key to Answers..................................................................................................... 12
References ........................................................................................................... 14
What This Module is About
Have you ever asked yourself how the steepness of the road affects the
speed of a biker? How does the family’s usage of appliances like refrigerator and
heater affect the amount of electric bill? How is a baby’s weight affected by its food
consumption? How the game level of a student affected by the number of hours
spent in playing online games? How the price of a product affected by its demand?

Many questions may arise as you go along but in due course, you will focus
on the question: “How can the value of a quantity given the rate of change be
predicted?”

In many real-life situations, you use graphs to present observable events. In

the previous module, you illustrated different graphs. In this module, the general
linear function will be discussed thoroughly. Various practical situations can be
represented by the line. Some of these relationships are the distance and time
travelled by a moving object; the temperature readings relating the Fahrenheit
reading to Celsius reading; the cost of production and the quantity produced; the
rent-a-car business relating the number of hours a car is rented to the amount of
rent.

What I Need to Know

In this module, you will go through:

Lesson 1 – Solving problems involving linear functions. M8AL-IIe-2

How to Learn from this Module

To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:
1. Carefully read all the lessons.
2. Take your time on going thru each lesson.
3. Answer the pretest honestly, the purpose of the pretest is for you to determine
your prior knowledge before going thru the lessons and activities.
4. If you have a hard time understanding the lessons and activities, please do
take a break. Having breaks between lessons and activities will give you some
space where you can absorb the lesson well.
5. You can use the internet if you need more information about the lesson.

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Icons of this Module
What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that
Know are set for you to learn as you go along the
module.

What I know This is an assessment as to your level of

knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
meant specifically to gauge prior related
knowledge
What’s In This part connects previous lesson with that
of the current one.

What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through

various activities, before it will be presented
to you

What is It These are discussions of the activities as a

way to deepen your discovery and under-
standing of the concept.

What’s More These are follow-up activities that are in-

tended for you to practice further in order to
master the competencies.

What I Have Activities designed to process what you

Learned have learned from the lesson

What I can do These are tasks that are designed to show-

case your skills and knowledge gained, and
applied into real-life concerns and situations.

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 What I Know (Pre-Test)

Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. What is abscissa?
a. It is an x-coordinate.
b. It is a y-coordinate.
c. It divides the plane into four regions called quadrant.
d. It is a point on the xy-plane.

2. Which best describes the point (5, -2)?

a. It is two units above the x-axis and five units to the left of the y-axis.
b. It is two units above the x-axis and five units to the right of the y-axis.
c. It is two units below the x-axis and five units to the left of the y-axis.
d. It is two units below the x-axis and five units to the right of the y-axis.

For items 3 to 5, refer to the situation below:

Janrey, who is the school office assistant, was given the task by the School Principal to
canvass for a tarpaulin printing for the opening of classes. He knew that in printing ad, the
charge of tarpaulin is Php 15 per square foot and Php 150 for lay outing.

3. Which of the following equations best represents the total cost y with x number of
square feet including lay outing fee?
a. y = 150x – 15 c. y = 15x + 150
b. y = 150x + 15 d. y = 15x – 150

4. What qualities you must look into in tarpaulin printing?

I. The quality of the layout artist’s output
II. The brand of the PC used in lay outing
III. The quality of the printing output
IV. The printing and lay outing cost

a. I and II only c. I, III, and IV only

b. I, II and III only d. II, III and IV only

5. The School Principal told Janrey that the dimensions of the tarpaulin are 8 feet by
6 feet. How many square feet is the tarpaulin? How much should Janrey pay for
the printing ad?
a. 48 square feet; Php 720 c. 14 square feet; Php 210
b. 48 square feet; Php 870 d. 14 square feet; Php 310

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 Linear Function and Its
Lesson
Application
1
What’s In

Activity No. 1: I have a point!

Every point on the coordinate plane corresponds to pair of coordinates. Any
set of ordered pairs constitutes a relation, which may also be a function in certain
cases. A function that represents a straight line is called a linear function.
By getting some representative points, can you describe the graph of each
equation given below?
a. y = 4x + 6 c. y = 3
b. y = -6x + 4 d. x = -5

Based on what you have learned from the past module, equation’s
graph is a line. The first three are linear functions. The first line rises from
left to right, the second line falls from left to right, and the third line is a
horizontal line. All non-vertical lines represent linear functions. The
equation x = -5 represents a vertical line which is not the graph of function.

Now that you have learned how to illustrate a linear and graph a
linear function. Let us test you skills in solving problems involving liner
functions.

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 What’s New

Description: This activity will enable you to solve real-life problems involving linear
functions.

Going to a far barangay in Gingoog City means riding a multicab. The

standard fare in riding a multicab is Php 7 for the first 5 km as a flag down rate
plus Php 1 peso for every 1 kilometer. How much is Nathan going to pay if he
goes to Medina?

Complete the table:

Distance Lunao Agay-ayan Minlagas San Luis Medina
(in meters) 5 km 8km 11km 13km 18km 23km
x
Amount
(in Php)
y

Directions: Consider the situation below and answer the question that follows.
Activity No. 2: Multicab Ride!

1. What is the dependent variable?

2. What is the independent variable?
3. Based on the completed table, would the relation
represent a line?
4. What is the y-intercept?
5. What is the slope?

 The dependent variable depends on the value of independent

variable. One is free to assign values to the independent variable,
which controls the value of the dependent variable. In this activity
the distance is our independent variable while the amount is the
independent variable.
 A linear function is defined by f(x) = mx + b, where m and b are
real numbers. Its graph is a line, m is the slope and b is the y-
intercept.

This is one of the examples of using linear equations in real-life

situations. What are the other ways of using linear equations in
everyday life?

Source: Module 8 Teachers Guide Page 211

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 What Is It

How Are Linear Equations Used in Everyday Life?

Linear equations use one or more variables where one variable is dependent
on the other. Almost any situation where an unknown quantity can be represented
by a linear equation, like figuring out income over time, calculating mileage rates,
or predicting profit. Many people use linear equations every day, even if they do the
calculations in their head without drawing a line graph.

Variable Costs

Imagine that you are taking a taxi while on vacation. You know that the taxi
service charges 100 pesos to pick your family up from your hotel and another 5
pesos per kilometer for the trip. Without knowing how many kilometers it will be to
each destination, you can set up a linear equation that can be used to find the cost
of any taxi trip you take on your trip. By using "x" to represent the number of
kilometers to your destination and "y" to represent the cost of that taxi ride, the
linear equation would be: y = 5x + 100.

Rates

Linear equations can be a useful tool for comparing rates of pay. For
example, if one company offers to pay you 450 pesos per week and the other
offers 10 pesos per hour, and both ask you to work 40 hours per week, which
company is offering the better rate of pay? A linear equation can help you figure it
out! The first company's offer is expressed as 450 = 40x. The second company's
offer is expressed as y = 10(40). After comparing the two offers, the equations tell
you that the first company is offering the better rate of pay at 11.25 pesos per hour.

Budgeting

A party planner has a limited budget for an upcoming event. She'll need to
figure out how much it will cost her client to rent a space and pay per person for
meals. If the cost of the rental space is 780 pesos and the price per person for food
is 100 per person, a linear equation can be constructed to show the total cost,
expressed as y, for any number of people in attendance, or x. The linear equation
would be written as y = 100x + 780. With this equation, the party planner can
substitute any number of party guests and give her client the actual cost of the
event with the food and rental costs included.

Making Predictions

One of the most helpful ways to apply linear equations in everyday life is to
make predictions about what will happen in the future. If a bake sale committee
spends 200 pesos in initial start-up costs and then earns 150 pesos per month in
sales, the linear equation y = 150x - 200 can be used to predict cumulative profits
from month to month. For instance, after six months, the committee can expect to
have netted 700 pesos because (150 x 6) - 200 = 700. While real world factors

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certainly impact how accurate predictions are, they can be a good indication of
what to expect in the future. Linear equations are a tool that make this possible.

Source: https://sciencing.com/linear-equations-used-everyday-life-6022370.htm

For more information and discussion regarding the application of Linear Function,
you may visit this link:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-algebra/chapter/applications-of-linear-
functions/
For more video information and video discussion regarding the Linear
Function in real world, you may visit this link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8eXb-6wQUks

What’s More

Description: This activity will enable you to solve problems involving linear functions
by following the steps provided.
Direction: Do the activity as directed.
Activity No. 3: My Baby Bro!
You have a newly-born baby brother. Suppose the baby weights 3kg at birth.
You’ve known from your mother that the monthly average weight gained by the baby
is 1kg. Suppose the rate of increase in the baby’s weight every month is constant,
determine an equation that will describe the baby’s weight. Predict the baby’s weight
after five months using mathematical equation and graphical representation.
Follow the flowchart below then use it to answer the questions that follow:

1. What equation described the baby’s weight?

2. What method did you use in graphing the linear equation?
3. How will you predict the baby’s weight given the rate of change
in his weight?

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 The past activity let you follow a process in order to arrive
to a correct output. It also gives you glimpse of how to
predict using linear equation. The next activity will help you
process what you have learn by applying linear equation in
real-life situation.

Source: Module 8 Teachers Guide Page 211

What I have learned

Description: This activity will enable you to solve more word problems involving
linear functions. In this activity, you are allowed to use the flow chart
given in Activity No. 3.

Directions: Solve the following. Show your solutions ang graphs.

Activity No. 4: I Like to Do it!

1. You are a motorcycle driver and you drive at a constant rate of 60 kph. If
your vacation destination is 240 kilometers away from Gingoog City, how
many hours will it take you to reach your destination? Write a rule that best
describes the problem and draw its graph using any method.

2. McDonuts charges Php 18 each for a special heart chocolate doughnut on

Valentine’s Day. Plus, a fixed charge of Php 5 for the heart shaped box
which can hold as many as 24 doughnuts. How many doughnuts would be
in a box priced at 221? Write a rule that best describes the problem and
draw its graph. In your graph, assume that 1 to 24 doughnuts are sold.

3. Your cellphone service charges Php 5 for the first three minutes and Php 1
for every minute additional or a fraction thereof. If you are going to call your
uncle leaving at Cagayan de Oro City in your cellphone. How much will you
have to pay if you talk a lot and your call lasts for 8 minutes? Write a rule
that best describes the problem and draw its graph using any method.

Now that you have learned using linear equations from

the following:
 Variable Cost
 Rates
 Budgeting
 Making Predictions
It’s time for you to deepen your discovery and understanding
of the concept.

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 What Is It

Rate of Change

Linear equations often include a rate of change.  For example, the rate at
which distance changes over time is called velocity.  If two points in time and the
total distance travelled is known the rate of change, also known as slope, can be
determined.  From this information, a linear equation can be written and then
predictions can be made from the equation of the line.

If the unit or quantity in respect to which something is changing is not

specified, usually the rate is per unit of time. The most common type of rate is “per
unit of time”, such as speed, heart rate and flux. Ratios that have a non-time
denominator include exchange rates, literacy rates, and electric field (in volts/meter).

In describing the units of a rate, the word “per” is used to separate the units of
the two measurements used to calculate the rate (for example a heart rate is
expressed “beats per minute”).

Source: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-algebra/chapter/applications-of-linear-
functions/

What’s More

Rate of Change: Real World Application

Sample Problem # 1 Marathon Athlete

An athlete begins the normal practice for the next marathon during the evening. At
6:00 pm he starts to run and leaves his home. At 7:30 pm, the athlete finishes the
run at home and has run a total of 7.5 miles. How fast was his average speed over
the course of the run?

Solution:
 The rate of change is the speed of his run, distance over time. Therefore, the
two variables are time (X) and distance (Y).
 The first point is at his house, where his watch read 6:00 pm. This is the
beginning time so let’s set it to 0. So, our first point is (0,0) because he did not
run anywhere yet.
 Let’s think about our time in hours. Our second point is 1.5 hours later, and
we ran 7.5 miles. The second point is (1.5,7.5). Our speed (rate of change) is
simply the slope of the line connecting the two points.

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 y 2− y 1 7.5 miles
 The slope given by: m = x 2−x 1 becomes m = 1.5 hour = 5 miles per hour.
Source: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-algebra/chapter/applications-of-linear-
functions/

Sample Problem # 2 Renting a Moving Van

A rental company charges a flat fee of ₱300 and an additional ₱25 per mile to rent a
moving van. Write a linear equation to approximate the cost Y (in pesos) in terms of
Z, the number of miles driven. How much would a 75 mile trip cost?

Solution:
 Using the slope-intercept form of linear equation, with the total cost labeled Y
(dependent variable) and the miles labeled Z (independent variable):
y=mx+b
 The total cost is equal to the rater per mile times the number of miles driven
plus the cost for the flat fee:
y=25 x +300

 To calculate the cost of a 75-mile trip, substitute 75 for x into the equation:

y=25 x +30
y=25(75)+ 30
y=1,875+ 30
y=1,905 pesos

Source: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-algebra/chapter/applications-of-linear-
functions/

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 What’s New

Activity No. 5: Meet, Formulate!

Source: Grade 8 Mathematics Learner’s Module Page 199-200

What I have learned

Description: This is a preparatory activity which will lead you to perform well the
transfer task in the next activity.

Activity No. 6: Talk Mall!

Situation:
You are the Manager of King’s Mall. Every week you conduct an information
drive on the different issues or concerns in your mall through announcements during
staff meeting. You also done it with the department heads through weekly meetings.
For this week, you noticed that water consumption is high. You will make and
present an informative leaflet with design to the heads and staff of the King’s Mall. In
your leaflet design, you must clearly show water bill and water consumption and how
these two quantities are related to each other. The leaflet must also reflect data on
the amount of water bill for the previous five months, and a detailed mathematical
computation and a graphical presentation that will aid in predicting the amount of
water bill that the mall will pay.

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 What I can Do

Description: This activity is the transfer task. You have to perform this in your own
community.

Activity No. 7: Light the way!

Situation:
Suppose you are the owner of an apartment. Every month, you conduct
information drive on the different issues that concern everyone that rents in the
apartment. For the next month, your focus is on electric consumption every room.
You are tasked is to prepare a leaflet design which will clearly explain about electric
bill and consumption. You are to include recommendations to save water. You are
expected to present your design in the coming monthly renters meeting. Your output
will be assessed according to the rubric below.

Rubrics Source: Source: Grade 8 Mathematics Learner’s Module Page 202

SUMMARY
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  Every point on the coordinate plane corresponds to pair of coordinates.
 Any set of ordered pairs constitutes a relation, which may also be a function in
certain cases.
 A function that represents a straight line is called a linear function.
 Linear equations use one or more variables where one variable is dependent
on the other.
 Almost any situation where there is an unknown quantity can be represented
by a linear equation, like figuring out income over time, calculating mileage
rates, or predicting profit.
 Many people use linear equations every day, even if they do the calculations
in their head without drawing a line graph.
 Linear equations often include a rate of change.  For example, the rate at
which distance changes over time is called velocity.  
 If two points in time and the total distance traveled is known the rate of
change, also known as slope, can be determined.  From this information, a
linear equation can be written and then predictions can be made from the
equation of the line.
 If the unit or quantity in respect to which something is changing is not
specified, usually the rate is per unit of time.
 The most common type of rate is “per unit of time”, such as speed, heart rate
and flux.
 Ratios that have a non-time denominator include exchange rates, literacy
rates, and electric field (in volts/meter).
 In describing the units of a rate, the word “per” is used to separate the units of
the two measurements used to calculate the rate (for example a heart rate is
expressed “beats per minute”).
 A mathematical model is a description of a system using mathematical
concepts and language.
 Mathematical models are used not only in the natural sciences
and engineering disciplines, but also in the social sciences. 
 Linear modelling can include population change, telephone call charges, the
cost of renting a bike, weight management, or fundraising.
 A linear model includes the rate of change (m)(m) and the initial amount, the
y-intercept b. After the model is written and a graph of the line is made, either
one can be used to make predictions about behaviors.

Assessment: (Post-Test)
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Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. What will happen to the value of y in the equation 4x + 6y = 10 when the value
of x decreases?
a. The value of y will not change.
b. The value of y cannot be determined.
c. The value of y will increase.
d. The value of y will decrease.

2. Marlon rode a multicab from a bus terminal to San Luis National High School,
whose distance is approximately 15 kilometers. After riding, he paid an
amount of Php 20. Which variable is dependent?
a. The amount paid
b. Multicab riding
c. The person riding the multicab
d. The distance traveled
For items 3 and 4, refer to the situation:

In a particular barangay, you are elected as the Barangay Chairman. Hon.

Cagumbay, who is a councilor, was assigned as the chairman of Committee on
Energy. You gave him a task to make a Power point presentation illustrating the
relationship between the electric bill and power consumption, and provide
recommendations and friendly reminders to minimize energy consumption.

3. As a Barangay Chairman, what criteria should you consider to assess Hon.

Cagumbay’s Power point presentation to ensure good quality of the delivery
of presentation?
I. Layout and design
II. Colors and attractiveness
III. Font and font size used in the texts
IV. Content and delivery

a. I only b. II and III only c. II, III and IV d. I, III, and IV

4. If Hon. Cagumbay has to choose one best representation of the relationship
between electric bill and power consumption in his power point presentation,
what do you think he should use to present his ideas in the clearest way?
a. Graph b. table c. mapping diagram d. rule of equation

5. A car travels at a uniform speed. It covers a distance of 60km in an hour, a

distance of 120km in 2 hours, and 180km in 3hours. How far can it travel in 4
hours?
a. 240km b. 210km c. 260km d. 280km

Key to Answers
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Pre-Test
 Key to Answers

Activity No. 4: I Like to Do it!

1. The formula to be used in solving this problem is t = d/r or t = 1/r (d), where t is
time, r is rate, and d is distance. Given in this problem are r = 60 kph, which is
constant, and d = 240 kilometers. So, the rule in this problem is t = 1/60(d). If d =
240 kilometers, then t = 4 hours.
2. Let x be the number of donuts sold and let y be the total price. The rule that best
describes the function is y = 18x + 5. It is assumed that there are 1 to 24 donuts
sold; thus, the domain of the relation is the {x|1≤ x ≤ 24}. There would be 12
donuts in the box whose price is Php 221.
3. A caller will have to pay Php 10. Let x be the time that exceeds after 3 minutes
and let y be the charge. The rule is y = x + 5.

Activity No. 5: Meet Formulate!

Rubrics are provided.

Activity No. 6: Talk Mall!

Rubrics are provided.

Activity No. 7: Light the way!

Rubrics are provided.

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REFERENCES

Web links:

https://www.varsitytutors.com/hotmath/hotmath_help/topics/rate-of-change

https://tutorial.math.lamar.edu/Classes/CalcI/RateOfChange.aspx

https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/rateofchange.asp

https://www.geogebra.org/m/q8CY7rZ8

https://flashman.neocities.org/MD/section-2.1LF.html

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-algebra/chapter/applications-of-linear-
functions/

https://www.slideshare.net/Jenny.21_aon/math-module-grade-8

http://richardoco.weebly.com/uploads/1/9/7/2/19725327/module_3.pdf

Videos:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8eXb-6wQUks

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=63qWmoQqNao

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hoJ6Q1psS2k

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hYMcLE_LHh4

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DffvEuX1v60

Books:

Emmanuel P. Abuzo et. Al., Mathematics Learner’s Module, Book Media Press, Inc.,
Quezon City, 1st Edition 2013

Ricardo M. Crisostomo et. Al., Our World of Math 8, Vibal Publishing House, Inc.,
Quezon City, 1st Edition 2013

Priscila C. de Sagun et.Al., Our World of Math 7, Vibal Publishing House, Inc.,
Quezon City, 1st Edition 2013

Grade 8 Teachers Guide

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 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Division of Gingoog City

Brgy. 23, National Highway, Gingoog City
Telefax: 088 -328-0108/088328-0118
E-mail Address: gingoog.city@deped.gov.ph

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