CHAPTER

Pair of Linear Equations

3 in Two Variables

60
KEY POINTS

Linear equation in
two variables

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a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 … (1)
a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 … (2)
Equation reducible
Equation of a to a pair of linear
straight line equation
Method to solve
ax + by + c = 0
Solution (x, y) → Points
lying on straight line,
y
Algebraic
method
ID
Graphical
method
2
x
+
3
y
1
= 13,
Put x = 0, y = b
5
x
1
+
4
y
=2
0

2a + 3b = 13, 5a + 4b = 2
c=
+
by

a1 b1
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+

Intersecting lines +
ax

x' x a2 b2
0 (intersect at 1 point) one solution
a b c
Coincident a = b = c
1 1 1

y' Elimination Method 2 2 2

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a1x + b1y = c1 …(1) Coincide Infinite solution

Cross multiplication a b c
a2x + b2y = c2 …(2) method Parallel lines a = b = c
1 1 1

Substitution Method Multiplying eq. (1) by a2

2 2 2

a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 …(1) b1 x c1 y a1 1 b1 (Not Intersecting) No solution

and eq. (2) by a1 making
a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 …(2) coefficient of x same and b2 c2 a b2
x y 2
Substituting the value of hence eliminating x and b1c2 – b2c1
= c a – a c = a 1b – b a
x from eq. (1) in eq. (2) finding y.
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2

b1c2 – b2c1
and finding y and x= a1b2 – b1a2
D

vice versa.
c1a2 – a1c2
y= a1b2 – b1a2
U

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. If the lines given by 3x + 2ky = 2 and 2x + 5y = 1 are parallel, then the value of
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k is _______ .
2. If x = a and y = b is the solution of the equation x – y = 2 and x + y = 4, then the
values of a and b are respectively _______ .

24 Mathematics-X
 3. A pair of linear equations which has a unique solution x = 2 and y = – 3 is
(a) x + y = 1 and 2x – 3y = – 5
(b) 2x + 5y = – 11 and 2x – 3y = – 22
(c) 2x + 5y = – 11 and 4x + 10y = 22
(d) x – 4y – 14 = 0 and 5x – y – 13 = 0
4. The area of the triangle formed by the lines x = 3, y = 4 and x = y is _____ .
5. The value of K for which the system of equations 3x + 5y = 0 and kx + 10y = 0

60
has a non-zero solutions is ____ .
6. If a pair of linear equations in two variables is consistent, then the lines represented
by two equations are:

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(a) Intersecting (b) Parallel
(c) always coincident (d)intersecting or coincident
7. For 2x + 3y = 4, y can be written in terms of x as _______ .
8. One of the common solution of ax + by = c and y axis is
 c
(a)  0, 
b ID  b
(b)  0, 
c
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c   c
(c)  , 0 (d)  0, − 
b b
9. If ax + by = c and lx + my = n has unique solution then the relation between the
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coefficient will be:

(a) am ≠ lb (b) am = lb (c) ab = lm (d) ab ≠ lm
10. In ΔABC, ∠C = 3∠B, ∠C = 2(∠A + ∠B) then, ∠A, ∠B, ∠C are respectively.
(a) 30°, 60°, 90° (b) 20°, 40°, 120°
D

(c) 45°, 45°, 90° (d) 110°, 40°, 50°

11. If x = 3m –1 and y = 4 is a solution of the equation x + y = 6, then find the value
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of m.
12. What is the point of intersection of the line represented by 3x – 2y = 6 and the
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y-axis?
13. For what value of p, system of equations 2x + py = 8 and x + y = 6 have no
solution.
14. A motor cyclist is moving along the line x – y = 2 and another motor cyclist is
moving along the line x – y = 4 find out their moving direction.
15. Find the value of k for which pair of linear equations 3x + 2y = –5 and x – ky =
Mathematics-X 25
 2 has a unique solution.
16. Express y in terms of x in the expression 3x – 7y = 10
17. If 2x + 5y = 4, write another linear equation, so that lines represented by the pair are
coincident.
18. Check whether the graph of the pair of linear equations x + 2y – 4 = 0 and 2x +
4y – 12 = 0 is intersecting lines or parallel lines.

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19. If the lines 3x + 2 ky = 2 and 2x + 5y + 1 = 0 are parallel, then find value of k.
20. If we draw lines of x = 2 and y = 3 what kind of lines do we get?

SHORT ANSWER TYPE (I) QUESTIONS (2 MARKS QUESTIONS)

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21. Form a pair of linear equations for: The sum of the numerator and denominator
of the fraction is 3 less than twice the denominator. If the numerator and
denominator both are decreased by 1, the numerator becomes half the
denominator.
ID
22. For what value of p the pair of linear equations (p + 2)x – (2p + 1)y = 3(2p – 1)
and 2x – 3y = 7 has a unique solution.
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23. ABCDE is a pentagon with BE || CD and BC || DE, BC is perpendicular to CD
If the perimeter of ABCDE is 21 cm, find x and y.
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3 cm 3 cm

B E
5 cm
D

x–y
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C D
x+y
24. Solve for x and y
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y x 2y 2
x– = 3 and – =
2 2 3 3
25. Solve for x and y
3x + 2y = 11 and 2x + 3y = 4

26 Mathematics-X
 Also find p if p = 8x + 5y
26. Solve the pair of linear equations by substitution method x – 7y + 42 = 0 and
x – 3y – 6 = 0
27. Ram is walking along the line joining (1, 4) and (0, 6)
Rahim is walking along the line Joining (3, 4) and (1, 0)
Represent on graph and find the point where both of them cross each other

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28. Given the linear equation 2x + 3y – 12 = 0, write another linear equation in these
variables, such that. geometrical representation of the pair so formed is
(i) Parallel Lines (ii) Coincident Lines
29. The difference of two numbers is 66. If one number is four times the other, find the

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numbers.
30. For what value of k, the following system of equations will be inconsistent
kx + 3y = k – 3
12x + ky = k
ID
SHORT ANSWERS TYPE (II) QUESTIONS
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31. Solve graphically the pair of linear equations 5x – y = 5 and 3x – 2y = – 4
Also find the co-ordinates of the points where these lines intersect y-axis
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32. Solve for x and y

5 1
+ =2
x+ y x – y
15 5
– = –2
x+ y x – y
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33. Solve by Cross – multiplication method (CBSE)

x y
+
U

=a+b
a b
x y
+ 2 =2
ST

2
a b
34. For what values of a and b the following pair of linear equations have infinite number
of solutions? (CBSE)
2x + 3y = 7
a(x + y) – b(x – y) = 3a + b – 2

Mathematics-X 27
 35. Solve the pair of linear equations
152x – 378y = – 74
– 378x + 152y = – 604
36. Pinky scored 40 marks in a test getting 3 marks for each right answer and losing 1
mark for each wrong answer. Had 4 marks been awarded for each correct answer
and 2 marks were deducted for each wrong answer, then pinky again would have
scored 40 marks. How many questions were there in the test?

60
37. A two digit number is obtained by either multiplying sum of digits by 8 and adding 1
or by multiplying the difference of digits by 13 and adding 2. Find the number
38. Father’s age is three times the sum of ages of his two children. After 5 years his age
will be twice the sum of ages of two children. Find the age of the father.

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39. On selling a T.V. at 5% gain and a fridge at 10% gain, a shopkeeper gain ` 2000. But
if he sells the T.V. at 10% gain and fridge at 5% loss, he gains ` 1500 on the transaction.
Find the actual price of the T.V. and the fridge
40. Sunita has some ` 50 and ` 100 notes amounting to a total of ` 15,500. If the total

ID
number of notes is 200, then find how many notes of ` 50 and ` 100 each, she has.
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
41. Solve graphically the pair of linear equations 3x – 4y + 3 = 0 and 3x + 4y – 21 = 0
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Find the co-ordinates of vertices of triangular region formed by these lines and
x-axis. Also calculate the area of this triangle.
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42. Solve for x and y

1 12 1
+ =
2(2 x + 3 y ) 7(3 x – 2 y ) 2
D

7 4
+ =2
(2 x + 3 y ) (3 x – 2 y
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For 2x + 3y ≠ 0
3x – 2y ≠ 0.
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43. Solve the pair of equations by reducing them to a pair of linear equations
3x + 2 y 4x – 2 y
= 1 and = 13
xy xy
hence find a for which y = ax – 4
44. A man travels 600 km to his home partly by train and partly by bus. He takes 8

28 Mathematics-X
 hours, if he travels 120 km by train and rest by bus. Further, it takes 20 minute
longer, if he travels 200 km by train and rest by bus. Find the speeds of the train and
the bus.
45. A and B are two points 150 km apart on a highway. Two cars start with different
speeds from A and B at same time. If they move in same direction, they meet in
15 hours. If they move in opposite direction, they meet in one hour. Find their
speeds

60
46. A boat covers 32 km upstream and 36 km downstream, in 7 hours. Also it Covers
40 km upstream and 48 km downstream in 9 hours. Find the speed of boat in still
water and that of the stream. (CBSE)

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47. The sum of the numerator and denominator of a fraction is 4 more than twice the
numerator. If the numerator and denominator are increased by 3, they are in the
ratio 2 : 3. Determine the fraction.

ID
48. 8 Women and 12 men can complete a work in 10 days while 6 women and 8 men
can complete the same work in 14 days. Find the time taken by one woman
alone and that one man alone to finish the work.
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49. The ratio of incomes of two persons A and B is 3 : 4 and the ratio of their
expenditures is 5 : 7. If their savings are ` 15,000 annually find their annual
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incomes.

50. Vijay had some bananas and he divided them into two lots A and B. He sold the first
lot at the rate of ` 2 for 3 bananas and the second lot at the rate of ` 1 per banana
and got a total of ` 400. If he had sold the first lot at the rate of ` 1 per banana and
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the second lot at the rate of ` 4 for 5 bananas, his total collection would have been `
460. Find the total number of bananas he had.
(HOTS, Exampler)
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51. A railway half ticket cost half the full fare but the reservation charges are the
same on a half ticket as on a full ticket. One reserved first class ticket costs
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` 2530. One reserved first class ticket and one reserved first class half ticket
from stations A to B costs ` 3810. Find the full first class fare from stations A to
B and also the reservation charges for a ticket. (Exemplar)

52. Solve the following pair of equations.

Mathematics-X 29
 2 3 4 9
  2 and   1 (CBSE, 2015)
x y x y

53. Determine graphically, the vertices of the triangle formed by the times y = x,
3y = x and x + y = 8. (NCERT Exemplar).
54. Draw the graphs of the equations x = 3, x = 5 and 2x – y – 4 = 0. Also find the area
of the quadrilateral formed by the lines and the x-axis.

60
(NCERT Exemplar, HOTS)
55. The area of a rectangle gets reduced by a 9 square units, if its length is reduced by 5
units and the breadth is increased by 3 units. The area is increased by 67 sqaure units
if length is increased by 3 units and breadth is increased by 2 units. Find the perimeter

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of the rectangle. (CBSE)

ANSWERS AND HINTS

1. K 
15
4 ID 2. a = 3 and b = 1
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3. (b) 2x + 5y = – 11 and 4x + 10y = – 22
1
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4. sq. unit 5. 6
2
4  2x
6. (d) intersecting or coincident 7. y 
3
 c
8. (a)  0,  9. (a) am  lb
D

b
10. (b) 20°, 40°, 120° 11. m = 1
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12. (0, –3) 13. p = 2

–2
14. move parallel 15. k 
3
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3 x – 10
16. y  17. 4x + 10y = 8
7
15
18. Parallel lines 19. k 
4
20. Intersecting lines 21. x – y = – 3, 2x – y = 1

30 Mathematics-X
 12. p≠4 23. x = 5, y = 0
24. 4, 2 25. x = 5, y = – 2, p = 30
26. 42, 12 27. (2, 2)
28. (i) 4x + 6y + 10 = 0
(ii) 4x + 6y – 24 = 0
29. 88, 22 30. k = – 6
31. (2, 5) (0, – 5) and (0, 2) 32. (3, 2)

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33. x = a2, y = b2 34. a = 5, b = 1
35. 2, 1 36. 40 questions
37. 41 38. 45 years
39. T.V. = ` 20,000 Fridge = ` 10,000

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40. ` 50 notes = 90, ` 100 notes = 110
41. Solution (3, 3), Vertices (– 1, 0) (7, 0) and (3, 3), Area = 12 square unit
–2 1 –45
42. (2, 1) 43. x = , y= ,a=

44.

46.
60 km/hr, 80 km/hr

10 km/hr, 2 km/hr
ID 5 2
45. 80 km/hr , 70 km/hr

47.
5
4
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9
48. 1 woman in 140 days, 1 man in 280 days
49. ` 90,000, ` 1,20,000
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50. Let the no. of bananas in lots A be x and in lots B be y

2
Case I : x + y = 400 ⇒ 2x + 3y = 1200
3
4
D

Case 2 : x + y = 460 ⇒ 5x + 4y = 2300

5
x = 300, y = 200, Total bananas = 500.
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x
51. Let the cost of full and half ticket be ` x & ` and reservation charge by
2
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` y per ticket.
Case I : x + y = 2530
x
Case 2 : x + y + + y = 3810
2
x = 2500, y = 3810
Full first class fare is ` 2500 and reservation charge is ` 30.

Mathematics-X 31
 52. x = 4, y = 9
53. Vertices of the triangle are (0, 0) (4, 4) (6, 2).
54. Area of quadrilateral ABCD where,
A(3, 0), B(5, 0)
C(5, 6), D(3, 2)
1
= × AB × ( AD + BC )
2

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1
= × 2 × (6 + 2) = 8 sq. units.
2
55. Length of rectangle is 17 units.

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Breadth of rectangle is 9 units.
Perimeter of rectangle is 52 units.
rrr

ID
U
YG
D
U
ST

32 Mathematics-X
 PRACTICE-TEST
Pair of Linear Equations In Two Variables
Time : 1 Hr. M.M. : 20
SECTION-A
1. For what value of k system of equations
x + 2y = 3 and 5x + ky + 7 = 0 has a unique solution. 1

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2. Does the point (2, 3) lie on line of graph of 3x – 2y = 5. 1
3. The pair of equations x = a and y = b graphically representes lines which are: 1
(a) Parallel (b) Intersecting at (b, a)

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(c) Coincident (d) Intersecting at (a, b)
4. For what value of K, do the equation 3x – y + 8 = 0 and 6x – Ky = –16 represent
coincident lives? 1
1 1
(a)
2
(c) 2
ID (b) –
2
(d) –2
SECTION-B
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5. For what values of a and b does the pair of linear equations have infinite number
of solutions
2x – 3y = 7
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ax + 3y = b 2
6. Solve for x and y
0.4x + 0.3y = 1.7
0.7x – 0.2y = 0.8 2
7. If the system of equations 6x + 2y = 3 and kx + y = 2 has a unique solution, find the
D

value of k. 2
SECTION-C
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8. Solve for x and y by cross multiplication method

x+y =a+b
ax – by = a2 – b2 3
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9. Sum of the ages of a father and the son is 40 years. If father’s age is three times that
of his son, then find their ages. 3
SECTION-D
10. Solve the following pair of equations graphically.
3x + 5y = 12 and 3x – 5y = –18. 4
Also shade the region enclosed by these two lines and x-axis.
Mathematics-X 33