SMILE

(SIMPLIFIED MODULE INTENDED FOR LEARNING ENCOUNTERS)

Learner’s Packet
Name: Grade Level:

Section: Date:

GENERAL PHYSICS 2
(Q3_LP1)

BACKGROUND INFORMATION FOR LEARNERS:

One of the marvelous and dangerous phenomena that you can observe in the sky is
the occurrence of the lightning and thunderstorms. Did you ever wonder, how lightning and
thunder were produced? Understanding concepts behind the formation of lightning and
thunderstorm will prevent us from accidents or even death. In these learning activities, you
are going to learn the concepts behind the formation of lightning.

Source: http://assets.rappler.com/612F469A6EA84F6BAE882D2B94A4B421/img/6258655D90404078826FBBEC85997D89/lightning-strike-september-12-2019.jpg

Recall that an atom is composed of three subatomic particles which are protons,
neutrons, and electrons. In terms of charge, the proton is a positively charged particle,
electron is a negatively charged particle and the neutron is electrically neutral. The mass of
proton is almost the same with the mass of neutron. The mass of electron is very small
compared to the mass of proton or neutron.

The spark that you can observe the sky is the proof that the atmosphere is full of
electrical charges. The electric charge is being described as the property of matter carried
by some of the subatomic particles which are the proton and electron. If the atom of a matter
loses electron, it becomes positively charged and if the atom gains electron, it becomes
negatively charged. The elementary charge symbol is represented by letter e and the SI unit
of charge is Coulomb (C). Thus 1 e is equivalent to 1.602 𝑥 10−19 𝐶. To summarize the
concept of the three subatomic particles, please see the table below.

Table 1: Properties of the Subatomic Particles

Subatomic Particle Location Mass Charge

Electron outside nucleus 9.109 𝑥 10−31 kg −1.602 𝑥 10−19 C
Proton inside nucleus 1.673 𝑥 10−27 kg 1.602 𝑥 10−19 C
Neutron inside nucleus 1.673 𝑥 10−27 kg 0

There are two methods of charging a matter which are charging by rubbing or friction
and charging by induction. Charging by rubbing is a method of charging a matter through
rubbing two different materials together. The charge of the matter is dependent on the
electron affinity whether it will become positively charged or negatively charged. Electron
affinity is a measure of the attraction of an atom to an electron. Objects with higher electron
affinity were capable of gaining electrons compared to those objects with lower electron
affinity. The scientists were able to come up with the ranking of electron affinity of some
common objects known as triboelectric series. Please see the
figure 1 below.

The triboelectric series is arranged in

order of increasing electron affinity from top to
bottom.
To summarize, when the two objects are
rubbed together, the one that is higher on the
list will become positively charged.

Charging by induction is another Figure 1: Triboelectric Series

Source: https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/images/3879-triboelectric-series

method of charging an object. Charging by

induction is a method of charging without physical contact in which the electrons are being
redistributed. In induction, the object to be charged is brought near a charging body without
contact. The electrons in the object to be charged are attracted to the charging body if the
charge of the charging body is positive. The electrons are repelled if the charging body is
negative. The object to be charged must be grounded to the Earth by either touching it or
using wire because the Earth is a huge reservoir of charge. The electrons from the object to
be charged will travel down to the ground if the charging body is negative or the electrons
will travel up from the ground if the charging body is positive. Removing the ground
connection and charging body will create a charged object. Figure 2 illustrates charging an
object through induction.
 Figure 2. Charging an Object by Induction
Source: https://images.ctfassets.net/vrrt8fsfwf0e/gMwSYt2vnnudz91kirCKs/d60240716cd1a12cb4b34ad1c06c3b91/charging_by_inductio_art_1.svg

Scientists are able to detect whether an object possesses an electric charge by

placing the object near an electroscope. Electroscope is an instrument for demonstrating
electric charge. The repulsion of the thin sheets of metal (usually it is made of gold or
aluminum) inside the electroscope indicates that an object being tested is a charged object.

LEARNING COMPETENCY WITH CODE:

MELC:
1. Describe using a diagram charging by rubbing and charging by
induction (STEM_GP12EMIIIa-1)
2. Explain the role of electron transfer in electrostatic charging by rubbing
(STEM_GP12EMIIIa- 2)
3. Describe experiments to show electrostatic charging by
induction (STEM_GP12EMIIIa- 3)

ACTIVITIES/ EXERCISES:

ACTIVITY 1: FACT OR BLUFF

INSTRUCTIONS: The following are statements related to the structure of an atom

and methods of charging. Determine if the given statement is a FACT or BLUFF. The
statement is a fact, if it is correct and bluff, if it is wrong.
ANSWER
STATEMENT
1. The three subatomic particles of an atom are protons,
neutrons, and electrons.
2. The mass of electron is the same with the mass of proton.
 3. The mass of neutron is very small compared to the mass of
electron.
4. Proton is electrically neutral.
5. Electron can transfer from one atom to another atom.
6. Lightning is an example of charging by induction.
7. If the charging object for induction is positive the charged
object will become positively charged.
8. Rubbing the same object is example of charging by rubbing.
9. Electrons are not created nor destroyed during the charging
process.
10. Materials with high electron affinity tend to lose electron
during rubbing.

ACTIVITY 2: CHARGING TIME!

INSTRUCTION: There are two scenarios of charging an object given below.

Determine if the scenario shows charging by rubbing or charging by induction.
Provide your answer by explaining the diagram in each scenario and answer the
guide questions.
A. Sweater and Balloon
Step 1 Step 2

Step 4 Step 3

source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nfGaMdKXMks
Guide Questions
1. What method of charging is shown by the pictures above?

2. Which of the two objects became positively charged?

3. Which of the two objects became negatively charged?

4. What happens in the balloon in step no. 4 in which it was being held near a wall?

5-10. Draw your own diagram on how the sweater and balloon are being charged
before, during and after the charging method used. Explain each step.

Before During After

Diagram

Explanation

SCORING RUBRIC FOR SWEATER AND BALLOON

Criteria Beginning Proficient Excellent

1 2 3
Completeness There are more than 5 One to four All tasks were
unanswered tasks. unanswered tasks. answered.
Correctness The work is full of There are 1 to 5 There are no errors
errors. errors in the output. in the output.
Grammar and Most of the content are Only few of the All the content are
Mechanics grammatically wrong. content are grammatically
grammatically correct.
wrong.
B. Glass Rod and Metal Sphere
Step 1 Step 2

Step 4 Step 3

Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mL6Zb2pO9CA

Guide Questions
1. What method of charging is shown by the pictures above?

2. What is the charge of the charging body used?

3. What is the charge of the object being charged after charging?

4. What happens in the electrons in step no.2 after putting a ground wire?

5-10. Draw your own diagram before, during, and after the charging process. Explain
each step.

Before During After

Diagram
 Explanation

SCORING RUBRIC FOR GLASS ROD AND METAL SPHERE

Criteria Beginning Proficient Excellent

1 2 3
Completeness There are more than One to four All tasks were
5 unanswered tasks. unanswered tasks. answered.
Correctness The work is full of There 1 to 5 errors There are no errors
errors. in the output. in the output.
Grammar and Most of the content Only few of the All the content are
Mechanics are grammatically content are grammatically
wrong. grammatically correct.
wrong.

ACTIVITY 3: GAINING AND LOSING

INSTRUCTIONS: There are objects in the table below that were being rubbed on
each other. Complete the data in the table by determining the objects that gain electron and
lose electron. Refer to the triboelectric series in Figure 1 on page 2.

Two Objects Rubbed on Each Objects that Gain Electron Objects that Loss
Other Electron

1. Paper and Wood

2. Polyethylene and Hair

3. Wool and Teflon

4. Acrylic and Glass

5. Amber and Silk

Processing Questions:
1. What will be the charge of the object if it loses electron?

2. What will be the charge of the object if it gains electron?

 3. What is the role of electron during the process of charging by rubbing?

SCORING RUBRIC FOR PROCESSING QUESTIONS

Score Criteria
5 All the answers are correct and properly stated.
4 The answers are correct but not properly stated.
3 One of the answers is incorrect.
2 Two of the answers are incorrect.
1 There was no correct answer.

ACTIVITY 4: HOMEMADE ELECTROSCOPE

INSTRUCTIONS: In this activity, you are going to make an electroscope out of the
materials that you can obtain from your home. Please follow the procedure carefully and
maintain a clean working environment.

Objectives
At the end of the activity, you must be able to:
a. create an electroscope to detect electric charge; and
b. describe the process of charging by conduction in an electroscope.
Materials
a. Glass Jar with a Plastic Cover or Lid
b. 10 inches of 14 gauge or bigger copper wire
c. straw
d. Glue or Electrical Tape
e. Pliers
f. 2 pcs of 2x2 inches square of aluminum foil
g. dry cloth
h. Materials to be charged by rubbing example PVC pipe or balloon

Experiment Set-up

Source: https://study.com/cimages/multimages/16/electroscope.jpg
Procedure
1. Start by punching a hole in the jar lid large enough for the straw and copper wire to fit
through.
2. Insert the straw into the hole and center it. Leave a couple inches of space from the
bottom of the jar. Use the hot glue or electrical tape to secure the straw in place.
3. Next, insert the copper wire into the straw, with about 2 inches protruding from the straw
inside the jar.
4. Use the pliers to bend 1'' of the copper wire into a hook to hold the aluminum foil later.
5. Use the pliers to bend the remaining copper on top of the lid into a coil to provide more
surface area.
6. Next, cut a small slit in the aluminum foil and slide them onto the copper hook.
7. Attach the lid to the jar. Make sure that the copper wire and aluminum foil were insulated.
8. Now, rub the balloon on your hair or a dry cloth
9. Place the balloon next to the copper coils without touching the coil. Observe what
happens to the metal inside the jar.
Guide Question:
a. What happens in the two aluminum sheets when you put the balloon near
the copper coils?

10. Move the balloon away. Observe what happens.

Guide Question:
b. What happens when you move the balloon away? Explain your answer.

11. Repeat step 8-10 with PVC pipe or any other materials you would like to test.
Processing Questions:
a. Why did we use aluminum foil and copper wire inside the jar not plastic?

b. How can you make the two aluminum sheets permanently repel each other
after removing the charged object?

c. Why do aluminum sheets repel each other?

 SCORING RUBRIC FOR GUIDE AND PROCESSING QUESTIONS

Score Criteria
10 All the answers are correct and properly stated in a complete
sentence.
8-9 The answers are correct but not properly stated in a sentence.
6-7 1-2 of the answers are incorrect.
3-5 3-4 of the answers are incorrect.
2 There was no correct answer.

ACTIVITY 5: CONCEPT APPLICATION

A. Safety During Lightning and

Thunderstorm INSTRUCTIONS:
The most significant application of static electricity is the safety during
lightning and thunderstorms. In this activity you are going to classify the things you
need to do, and you should not do during a lightning and thunderstorm from the list of
statements provided below. Write the word DO if it is a safety rule during a lightning
and thunderstorm and DON’T if it is not a safety rule in the space provided before
each statement.
List of Activities during a Lightning and Thunderstorms
1. Avoid contact with corded phones and devices including those plugged
into electric for recharging.
2. Avoid contact with electrical equipment or cords.
3. Wash your hands, take a shower, wash dishes, and do laundry.
4. Stay away from windows, doors, and stay off porches.
5. Lie on concrete floors and lean against concrete walls.
6. Stay away from natural lightning rods such as a tall, isolated tree in an
open area.
7. Avoid hilltops, open fields, beaches, or a boat on the water.
8. Take shelter in a sturdy building. Avoid isolated sheds or other small structures
in open areas.
9. Avoid contact with anything metal—tractors, farm equipment, motorcycles, golf
carts, golf clubs, and bicycles.
10. If you are driving just continue until the lightning stops
 REFLECTION:

QUESTIONS ANSWER

1. What are the three significant concepts

that you learn in this module?

2. What are the difficulties that you

encounter in answering the activities in
this module? If none just write the word
NONE.
2. What are the questions that you want
to ask to your teacher?

REFERENCES FOR LEARNERS:

Modules

Lupera, Analyn D. 2020. General Physics 2: Quarter 3 -Module 1: Methods of Charging.

Department of Education. Region V: Bicol.

Textbooks

Silverio and Ramos. (2017). Exploring Life Through Science: General Physics 2. Phoenix
Publishing House.

Kirkpatrick and Francis. (2004). Physics: A World View, fifth edition. Brooks/Cole, a Division
of Thomson Learning, Inc.

Cutnell and Johnson. (2010). Introduction to Physics, 8th edition. John Wiley and Sons
Singapore Pte. Ltd.

Internet Sources

Lightning strike kills farmer, injures 3 in Negros Occidental town. Accessed last December
20,2021
Retrieved from https://www.rappler.com/nation/239956-lightning-kills-farmer-negros-
occidental-september-11-2019/

Triboelectric series. Accessed last December 20, 2021

Retrieved from https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/images/3879-triboelectric-series

Charging By Induction. Accessed last December 20, 2021

Retrieved from https://www.chegg.com/learn/physics/introduction-to-physics/charging-by-
induction
Electroscope Experiment. Accessed last January 16, 2021
Retrieved from https://study.com/academy/lesson/electroscope-experiment.html

How to Make an Electroscope Easily. Accessed last January 16, 2021

Retrieved from https://www.instructables.com/how-to-make-an-electroscope-easily/

Thunder and Lightning. Accessed last January 16,2021

Retrieved from https://disasters2.jimdofree.com/thunder-and-
lightning/#:~:text=Stay%20away%20from%20windows%20and,a%20boat%20on%20the%2
0water.

James Nickle. Charging by Friction. Accessed January 15, 2021

Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nfGaMdKXMks

Tutor Vista. Charging by Induction. Accessed January 15, 2021

Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mL6Zb2pO9CA

ANSWER KEY:
 DEVELOPMENT TEAM

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