الأمازيغ
الأمازيغ
الأمازيغ
ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺑﺤﺚ
ﺍﻷﻣﺎﺯﻳﻎ ﻫﻢ ﺳﻜﺎﻥ ﺷﻤﺎﻝ ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ ،ﻭﻳﻤﺘﺪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﻫﻢ ً
ﻋﺮﺿﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺳﻴﻮﺓ ﺷﺮﻗﺎ
ﺣﺘﻲ ﺟﺰﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻱ ﻏﺮﺑﺎ ،ﻣﺮﻭﺭﺍ ﺑﻠﻴﺒﻴﺎ ﻭﺗﻮﻧﺲ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻐﺮﺏ ﻭﻣﻮﺭﻳﺘﺎﻧﻴﺎ ..ﻭﻃﻮﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ
ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺷﻤﺎﻻ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺻﺤﺮﺍﺀ ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺮﻱ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﺎ ،ﺣﻴﺚ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻴﺠﺮ ﻭﺑﻮﺭﻛﻴﻨﺎﻓﺎﺳﻮ ..ﻭﻫﻢ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ 32
ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻛﻮﺑﺎ.
ﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﻧﺴﺐ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﺯﻳﻎ ﺇﻟﻰ “ﺃﻣﺎﺯﻳﻎ ﺑﻦ ﻛﻨﻌﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺎﻡ ﺑﻦ ﻧﻮﺡ” ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺳﻜﻦ ﺷﻤﺎﻝ ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻓﺎﻥ ،ﻭﻛﻠﻤﺔ
ﺃﻣﺎﺯﻳﻎ ﺗﻌﻨﻲ “ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺮ” ،ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﻧﺠﺐ ﺃﻣﺎﺯﻳﻎ ﺑﻦ ﻛﻌﻨﺎﻥ ﻭﻟﺪﻳﻦ “ﺑﺘﺮ” ﻭ”ﺑﺎﺭﻧﺲ” ﻭﻣﻦ ﻧﺴﻠﻬﻤﺎ ﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ
ﺍﻷﻣﺎﺯﻳﻐﻲ.
ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﺯﻳﻎ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻫﻢ ﻟﻴﺴﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺴﻞ ﺃﻣﺎﺯﻳﻎ ﺑﻦ ﻛﻨﻌﺎﻥ ﻗﺒﻴﻠﺔ ﺑﻨﻲ ﺻﻤﻐﻮﻥ ،ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﻏﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﺍﺋﺮ ،ﺣﻴﺚ ﺇﻥ
ﺟﺪﻫﻢ ﺍﻷﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻴﻬﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺪﺱ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻏﺰﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺑﻠﻲ “ﻧﺒﻮﺧﺬ ﻧﺼﺮ” ﻭﻣﻘﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻲ ﺯﻛﺮﻳﺎ،
ﻭﻟﺠﺄ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻴﻬﻮﺩﻱ ﻣﻊ ﺃﻭﻻﺩﻩ ﺇﻟﻲ ﺷﻤﺎﻝ ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ ﻭﻋﺎﺷﻮﺍ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﺯﻳﻎ ﻭﻇﻠﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻳﻬﻮﺩﻳﺘﻬﻢ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺩﺧﻮﻝ
ﻛﺎﻥ ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺷﻤﺎﻝ ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ “ﺑﻼﺩ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﺯﻳﻎ” ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻄﺎ ﺑﻨﺸﺮ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻋﺎﻡ 64ﻫﺠﺮﻳﺔ ،ﻭﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺮﻱ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﺯﻳﻎ ﻓﺈﻥ
ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺍﺑﺘﻌﺪﻭﺍ ﻋﻦ ﺭﻭﺡ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺤﺎﺀ ﻭﺣﻜﻤﻮﺍ ﻛﻌﺮﺏ ﻭﻛﺄﻣﻮﻳﻴﻦ ..ﻭﻣﻊ ﻭﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ ﻋﻘﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ
ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺮﻱ ﺑﺪﺃ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺷﻤﺎﻝ ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ ،ﻓﻘﺪ ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﺗﺨﺬﻫﺎ ﻋﺎﺻﻤﺔ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ
ﻭﻋﺴﻜﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﻘﻮﺍﺗﻪ ،ﻭﻓﻲ ﻋﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺎﺟﺮ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﺍﻛﺘﻤﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻮﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺷﻤﺎﻝ ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ
ﺣﺘﻲ ﻭﺻﻠﺖ ﺇﻟﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺗﻠﻤﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ،ﻭﺣﺪﺙ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﺣﺘﻜﺎﻙ ﻋﺴﻜﺮﻱ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﺯﻳﻎ ﺑﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻚ “ﻛﺴﻴﻠﺔ”
ﺯﻋﻴﻢ ﻗﺒﻴﻠﺔ “ﺃﻭﺭﺑﺔ” ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻭﺛﻨﻴﺎ ،ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻫﺰﻣﻮﻩ ﻭﺃﺳﺮﻭﻩ ،ﻭﻟﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺎﺟﺮ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﺑﻌﻴﺪ
ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ،ﻓﻘﺪ ﺃﻛﺮﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺮ ﻭﻋﺎﻣﻠﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻃﻴﺒﺔ ،ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﺪﻓﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺸﺮﺡ ﻗﻠﺐ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﺯﻳﻎ ﺇﻟﻲ
ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ،ﻭﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ ﺍﻋﺘﻨﻖ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻚ “ﻛﺴﻴﻠﺔ” ،ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ،ﻭﻋﺪﺩ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﺯﻳﻎ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ،ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﺪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﻮﺩﺓ ﻋﻘﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ
ﻧﺎﻓﻊ ،ﻭﺣﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻭﻗﺘﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﻗﺮﺏ ﻗﻠﻌﺔ “ﻣﻤﺶ” ﺍﻟﻤﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ 686ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻳﺔ.
ﻭﻳﻤﻜﻦ ً
ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺮﻯ ﻓﻰ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ ﻟﺸﻤﺎﻝ ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ ﻣﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﺱ “ﻛﺎﻳﻨﺎ” ..ﺍﺑﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻚ “ﺃﻣﺪﻏﺎﺳﻴﻦ”
ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻳﻬﻮﺩﻳﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺃﻃﻠﻘﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﻢ “ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻫﻨﺔ” ،ﻛﺘﺤﺮﻳﻒ ﻟﻼﺳﻢ.
ﻛﺎﻧﺖ “ﻛﺎﻳﻨﺎ” ﺯﻋﻴﻤﺔ ﻗﺒﻴﻠﺔ “ﺟﺮﺍﻭﺓ” ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺣﺸﺪﺕ ﺟﻴﺸﺎ ﺿﺨﻤﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﺯﻳﻎ ﻭﺗﺼﺪﺕ ﻟﻠﺠﻴﺶ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ ﺑﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ
ﺣﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺴﺎﻧﻲ ،ﻭﺣﺪﺛﺖ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺸﻴﻦ ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ “ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﻣﺴﻜﻴﺎﻧﺔ” ﺷﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﺍﺋﺮ ،ﻭﺍﻧﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﺯﻳﻎ ﻭﻗﺘﻞ ﺣﺴﺎﻥ
ﺍﻟﻐﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻜﺔ “ﻛﺎﻳﻨﺎ” ،ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﻗﺘﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺎﺟﺮ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ.
ﺇﺫﻥ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺇﻥ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﺯﻳﻎ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ ،ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ ،ﻏﻴﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺃﻗﻠﻴﺔ
ﺇﺑﺎﺿﻴﺔ “ﺇﺣﺪﻱ ﻓﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺨﻮﺍﺭﺝ” ،ﻭﺃﻗﻠﻴﺔ ﻛﺎﺛﻮﻟﻴﻜﻴﺔ “ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻧﺎﺗﻴﺔ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﺲ ﺩﻭﻧﺎﺗﻮﺱ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﺯﻳﻐﻲ
ﻟﻺﻣﺎﻡ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ ،ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺰﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﺯﻳﻎ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺰﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﻴﺔ ،ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺴﺒﺐ ﻟﻬﻢ ﻓﻲ
ﺍﺗﻬﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺑﺴﻄﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﻲ ،ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻺﺳﻼﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻴﺤﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻴﻬﻮﺩﻳﺔ ،ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ
ﺍﻷﻣﺎﺯﻳﻐﻴﺔ ﺗﻌﻄﻲ ﺃﻭﻟﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺭﻭﺛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﺯﻳﻐﻴﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻌﺎﺭﺿﺖ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﻴﺔ ،ﻭﻋﻠﻲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ
ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻝ ،ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﺯﻳﻎ ﻳﺮﻓﻀﻮﻥ ﺗﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﺎﺕ ﻭﻳﺴﺎﻭﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺮﺍﺙ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺮﺃﺓ ،ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻴﺤﻴﻴﻦ
ﺍﻷﻣﺎﺯﻳﻎ ﻳﺤﻠﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻴﺤﻴﺔ ،ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺛﻮﻟﻴﻜﻴﺔ ،ﺗﺤﺮﻣﻪ ،ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﻷﻥ
ﺗﻨﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﺇﻟﻲ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﷲ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺪﻱ ،ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﻧﺴﺒﻪ ﺇﻟﻲ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺇﺳﻤﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﻕ..
“ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺪﻯ” ﺭﻓﺾ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻌﻔﺮﻳﺔ ﺇﻣﺎﻣﺘﻪ ،ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺻﺪﻗﻮﺍ ﺑﺈﻣﺎﻣﺘﻪ ﻓﻌﺮﻓﻮﺍ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺑـ”ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻤﺎﻋﻴﻠﻴﺔ”.
ﻗﺎﺩ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﷲ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺪﻱ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺛﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﺇﺳﻤﺎﻋﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ،ﻭﻟﻤﺎ ﺗﻌﺮﺽ ﻟﻼﺿﻄﻬﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺳﻴﻴﻦ ﻓﺮ ﻭﺭﻓﺎﻗﻪ
ﺇﻟﻲ ﺑﻼﺩ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﺯﻳﻎ ،ﺷﻤﺎﻝ ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ ،ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺳﺒﻘﻪ ﺍﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺭﺟﺎﻟﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﷲ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻌﻲ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻢ ﻓﻲ
ﻧﺸﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﻹﺳﻤﺎﻋﻴﻠﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﺯﻳﻎ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻗﺒﻴﻠﺔ “ﻛﺘﺎﻣﺔ” ،ﻣﻤﺎ ﺳﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﷲ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺪﻱ ،ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ،ﻓﻰ
ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻤﺎﻋﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺃﺭﺽ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﺯﻳﻎ ﺳﻨﺔ 297ﻫﺠﺮﻳﺔ 908 /ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻳﺔ ،ﻭﺃﺳﺲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ
“ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺪﻳﺔ” ﻋﺎﺻﻤﺔ ﻟﻪ ،ﻭﻳﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺰ ﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﷲ ﺭﺍﺑﻊ ﺧﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﺧﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻃﻤﻴﺔ
ﻇﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﻹﺳﻤﺎﻋﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮﺍ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﺯﻳﻎ ﻣﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻴﻦ ﺇﻟﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻋﺎﺩﻭﺍ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻱ ﺇﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻲ
ﻣﻨﺬ ﻧﺸﺄﺗﻪ ﺍﺗﺨﺬ ﺻﺒﻐﺔ ﻣﻀﺎﺩﺓ ﻟﻸﻣﻮﻳﻴﻦ ،ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﺯﻳﻎ ﻳﻜﺮﻫﻮﻧﻬﻢ ،ﻭﻛﻤﺎ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻌﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺮﻕ
ﻳﺘﺤﺪﺙ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﺯﻳﻐﻲ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻬﻢ ..ﻭﻳﻔﺮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﺯﻳﻐﻴﺔ 13ﻟﻬﺠﺔ ،ﺗﺘﺤﺪ ﺟﻤﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ
ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ ،ﻭﺗﻢ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻟﻬﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺍﺭﻕ ﺭﺳﻤﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ
ﺍﻷﻗﺮﺏ ﻟﻸﻣﺎﺯﻳﻐﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ..ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﺯﻳﻐﻴﺔ “ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺭﻗﻴﺔ” ﻭﻫﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﺠﺮ ﻭﻣﺎﻟﻲ
ﻭﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺎﺯﻳﻐﻴﺔ ﺗﻤﺎﺯﺟﺘﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺷﻤﺎﻝ ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ ﻭﺧﺮﺟﺖ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﺟﺔ ﻓﻲ
ﺗﻮﻧﺲ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻐﺮﺏ ،ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﺟﺔ ﺃﻣﺎﺯﻳﻐﻴﺔ ﺑﺤﺘﺔ ،ﺣﻴﺚ ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻲ
ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﺯﻳﻐﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻨﻲ ﻭﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻣﻔﺮﺩ ﻭﺟﻤﻊ ﻓﻘﻂ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻬﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻝ ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺔ ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻣﺜﻨﻲ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ
ﻳﺤﺘﻔﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﺯﻳﻐﻲ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ 13ﻳﻨﺎﻳﺮ ﺑﺮﺃﺱ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﺯﻳﻐﻴﺔ ،ﻭﻳﻄﻠﻘﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻣﻲ “ﺃﺳﻜﺎﺱ
ﺃﻣﻴﻨﻮ” ﺃﻯ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪﺓ ،ﻭﻳﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﺍﻻﻋﻴﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﺯﻳﻐﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻻﻃﻼﻕ ،ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﻄﻠﺔ ﺭﺳﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ
ﺍﻟﻤﻐﺮﺏ ﻭﻣﻮﺭﻳﺘﺎﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﺯﻳﻐﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﺍﺋﺮ ،ﻭﻟﻪ ﻃﻘﻮﺱ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ،ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻘﺎﻡ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺋﻢ
ﻭﻳﺘﺠﻤﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻫﻞ ،ﻭﺗﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺋﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻛﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﺯﻳﻐﻴﺔ ،ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺴﻜﺴﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺨﻀﺮﻭﺍﺕ،
ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺴﻞ ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻔﻒ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺑﻴﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﻱ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ،ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻚ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﻲ ،ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻤﻪ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ
ﺃﺧﺬﻫﺎ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﺯﻳﻎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﺎﻥ ،ﻭﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻀﻴﻮﻑ ﺑﺄﻛﻮﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﻠﺒﻦ ،ﻭﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﻃﻘﻮﺱ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻔﺎﻝ ﺇﺷﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ
ﻷﻧﻬﺎ ،ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﺯﻳﻐﻴﺔ ،ﺗﻤﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺭ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﻞ ..ﻭﻓﻲ ﺻﺒﺎﺡ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪ ﺗﺘﺰﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ،ﻭﻳﺨﺮﺟﻮﻥ
ﻣﺎﻏﺮﻳﺲ ،ﺃﻳﻘﺮﻳﺮ ،ﻣﺎﻗﻮ ،ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ ،ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮﺯ ،ﻏﺸﺖ ،ﺷﻮﺗﻤﺒﺮ ،ﺗﻮﺑﺮ ،ﺩﻭﻧﻤﺒﺮ ،ﺩﻭﺟﻤﺒﺮ.
ﻳﻨﻘﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﺯﻳﻐﻲ ﺇﻟﻲ ﺃﻣﺎﺯﻳﻎ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﻒ ،ﻭﻳﻘﻄﻨﻮﻥ ﺷﻤﺎﻝ ﻏﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﺮﺏ ،ﻭﻳﺘﺤﺪﺛﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﻔﻴﺔ
ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻬﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺰﻧﺎﺗﻴﺔ ،ﻭﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺧﺎﺿﻮﺍ ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ “ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻝ” ﺍﻟﺸﻬﻴﺮﺓ ﺳﻨﺔ 1921ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻼﻝ ﺍﻹﺳﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻋﻠﻲ
ﺍﻟﻤﻐﺮﺏ ،ﻭﻣﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﻴﺮﻫﻢ ﺍﻷﻣﻴﺮ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﻜﺮﻳﻢ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﺎﺑﻲ ،ﺍﻟﺰﻋﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﺯﻳﻐﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﺮﺑﻲ ..ﻭﺃﻣﺎﺯﻳﻎ “ﺍﻟﺸﻠﻮﺡ”
ﻳﻘﻄﻨﻮﻥ ﻭﺳﻂ ﻭﻏﺮﺏ ﺍﻷﻃﻠﺲ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮ ،ﻭﺍﻷﻃﻠﺲ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﺮﺏ ،ﻭﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﺠﺔ
ﺍﻟﺸﻠﻮﺣﻴﺔ ..ﻭﺃﻣﺎﺯﻳﻎ “ﺳﻮﺱ” ﻭﻳﻘﻄﻨﻮﻥ ﺳﻬﻞ ﺳﻮﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﻣﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺟﺰﻭﻟﺔ،
ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺳﻴﺔ ..ﻭﺃﻣﺎﺯﻳﻎ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺎﺋﻞ ﻭﻳﻘﻄﻨﻮﻥ ﺷﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﺷﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻭﺃﻫﻢ ﻣﺪﻧﻬﻢ “ﺗﻴﺰﻱ ﻭﺯﻭ”
ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﺪ ﻣﻌﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﻔﺼﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﺯﻳﻐﻴﺔ ،ﻭﻳﺘﺤﺪﺛﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺎﺋﻠﻴﺔ ..ﻭﺃﻣﺎﺯﻳﻎ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﺱ ﻭﻳﻘﻄﻨﻮﻥ ﺷﺮﻕ
ﺍﻟﺠﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻗﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻧﺴﻴﺔ ﺑﺠﻮﺍﺭ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﺱ ﻭﻳﺘﺤﺪﺛﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﺠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﺳﻴﺔ ..ﻭﺃﻣﺎﺯﻳﻎ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺍﺭﻕ ﻭﻳﻘﻄﻨﻮﻥ
ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻭﺃﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻴﺒﻴﺎ ﻭﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻴﺠﺮ ﻭﺑﻮﺭﻛﻴﻨﺎ ﻓﺎﺳﻮ ،ﻭﻳﺘﺤﺪﺛﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺭﻗﻴﺔ.
ﻟﻸﻣﺎﺯﻳﻎ ﺣﻀﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻳﻘﺪﺭﻭﻧﻬﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻬﻢ ﺑـ 20ﺃﻟﻒ ﺳﻨﺔ ..ﻟﻬﺬﺍ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﺯﻳﻎ ﺣﺎﻓﻞ ﺑﺎﻷﺣﺪﺍﺙ
ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺪﻣﺖ ﻟﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ،ﻣﻤﺎ ﺟﻌﻠﻬﻢ ﻳﺆﺭﺧﻮﻥ ﻟﻤﺎ ﻗﺪﻣﺘﻪ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ.
ﻳﺄﺗﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻚ “ﻳﻮﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ” ﻣﻮﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﺯﻳﻐﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ“ ،ﻣﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﻣﻮﺭﻳﺎ ﻭﻫﻲ
ﻭﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺑﻄﻠﻴﻤﻮﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻲ ،ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﺎﺕ ﻛﺜﻴﺮﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ “ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺑﻼﺩ
ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ” ﻭ”ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺁﺷﻮﺭ” ﻭ”ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ” ﻭ”ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺭﺡ” ﻭ”ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﻞ” ﻭ”ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻣﻴﻦ”،
ﻛﻤﺎ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﺯﻳﻐﻲ ،ﻭﺍﻣﺘﺪ ﺣﻜﻤﻪ ﻟﻤﺪﺓ ﻋﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ 23 -25ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻼﺩ.
ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﺲ “ﺃﻏﺴﻄﻴﻦ” ﻭﻭﻟﺪ ﺑﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﻧﻮﻣﻴﺪﻳﺎ ،ﺍﻟﺠﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺎ ،ﻣﻦ ﺃﻡ ﻣﺴﻴﺤﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﺴﺔ “ﻣﻮﻧﻴﻜﺎ” ﻭﺃﺏ ﻭﺛﻨﻲ.
ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻨﺼﺮ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻩ ،ﻭﻓﻲ ﻇﺮﻑ 9ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﻭﺻﻞ ﻟﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻘﻒ،
ﻭﻛﺮﺱ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ ﻟﻠﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺄﻟﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﻲ ،ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎﺗﻪ “ﺍﻋﺘﺮﺍﻓﺎﺗﻲ” ﻭﻳﻌﺪ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺩﺏ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺮﺍﻓﺎﺕ
ﻓﻲ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ،ﻛﻤﺎ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ “ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻪ” ﻭ”ﺍﻋﺘﺮﺍﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ” ﻭ”ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﺳﻼﺕ” ..ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻃﻔﺎ ﻣﻊ
ﺍﻷﻣﺎﺯﻳﻎ ﻭﻳﺪﺍﻓﻊ ﻋﻦ ﻫﻮﻳﺘﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻗﻴﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻬﺖ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺘﺸﻬﺎﺩ ﻓﻲ 9ﺃﻏﺴﻄﺲ 430ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ
ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﺤﺘﻔﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﺎﺋﺲ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺛﻮﻟﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ،ﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﺪﺍﻓﻊ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺘﻪ ﻋﻨﺎﺑﻪ ﺿﺪ ﺍﻟﻐﺰﺍﺓ
ﺷﺎﺭﻛﻬﺎ:
ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ
ﺑﺎﺭﺗﻮﻟﻮﻣﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﻳﻠﻠﻮ ..ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻘﺮﺍﺀ ﻣﻴﺮﻳﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﻳﻜﺲ ..ﺗﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﺑﻠﻮ ﺳﺠﺎﺭﺍ ﺷﻴﺎﺱ* ..ﺍﻗﺘﻨﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻈﺔ
ﻓﻲ "ﺟﺎﻟﻴﺮﻱ" ﻓﻲ "ﺟﺎﻟﻴﺮﻱ" ﻓﻲ "ﺟﺎﻟﻴﺮﻱ"
ﺃﺿﻒ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ
ﻟﻦ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻧﺸﺮ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﻳﺪﻙ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ.
ﺍﻻﺳﻢ
ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ
ﺍﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ
ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ
ﺇﺭﺳــﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ
ﻣﺴﺎﺀ
ﺑﻨﺨﺪﻳﺮ ﺧﺪﻳﺠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ 03/12/2013ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ً 9:14
ﺃﻋﺠﺒﻨﻲ
0 0 Rate This
ﺭﺩ
ﺑﺤﺚ
View Full Site