Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirement For: A Chemistry Investigatory Project On

A Chemistry Investigatory Project On
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for

ALL INDIA SENIOR SCHOOL CERTIFICATE
EXAMINATIONS (AISSCE)-2022
Submitted by-:
SAMRATH
XII-A
Under the supervision of-:
MONTFORT SCHOOL, ROORKEE
DEPARTMENT OF
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that project titled
Has been prepared by ,

studying in class XII-A of Montfort School
Roorkee. In partial fulfillment of the requirement

of the
practical examination of the
All India senior school certificate examination
(AISSCE) ,2021-22. This is also to certify
That the project report submitted by
Is an authentic record of work completed successfullyby

him under my supervision.
BRO. ALBERT ABRAHAM
(PRINCIPAL) (PGT, )
ACKNOWLEGEMENT
The completion of this project is due to the co-operation

, co-ordination and combine efforts of several resources,
Energy and time of several people. Hence, this opportunity
Is taken to thank all those who directly or indirectly helped
in the aforementioned task. A deep sense of obligation
And gratitude is owed to our chemistry PGT (MRS. ANCHAL
VERMA) for her great help and valuable guidance. I would
also like to thank BRO. ALBERT ABRAHAM, The principal
Of MONTFORT SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL,
ROORKEE for providing this facility.
AIM
COMPARITIVE STUDY AND QUALITATIVE
ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT BRANDS OF
COLD DRINKS AVAILABLE IN MARKET.
PURPOSE
In recent days, soft drink brands were put into
various questions regarding their purity. News
flashed that they contain harmful pesticide, which
arouse many interest in knowing its contents because
I have been drinking them for years. I wanted to
confirm that whether the charge imposed on these
brands are true or not.
Another fact which inspired me to do this project is

that I am in touch with qualitative analysis whose
knowledge with other factors helped me to do so.
CONTENTS
I. Introduction
II. Theory
III. Apparatus
IV. Chemicals Required
V. Detection of pH
VI. Test for Carbon Dioxide
VII. Test for Glucose
VIII. Test for Phosphate
IX. Result
X. Conclusion
INTRODUCTION
The era of cold drinks began in 1952 but the
industrialization in India marked its beginning with
launching of Limca and Gold spot by parley group
ofcompanies. Since, the beginning of cold drinks
was highly profitable and luring, many
multinational companies launched their brands in
India like Pepsi and Coke.
Now days, it is observed in general that majority of

people viewed Sprite, Miranda, and Limca to give
feeling of lightness, while Pepsi and Thumps Up to
activate pulse and brain.
THEORY
Cold drinks of different brands are composed of alcohol,
carbohydrates, carbon dioxide, phosphate ions etc. These soft
drinks give feeling of warmth, lightness and have a tangy taste
which is liked by everyone. Carbon dioxide is responsible for the
formation of froth on shaking the bottle.
The carbon dioxide gas is dissolved in water to form carbonic acid

which is also responsible for the tangy taste. Carbohydrates are the
naturally occurring organic compounds and are major source of
energy to our body. General formula of carbohydrates is
CX (H2O)Y.
On the basis of their molecule size carbohydrates are classified as:

-Monosaccharide, Disaccharides and Polysaccharides. Glucose is a
monosaccharide with formula C6H12O6 .It occurs in Free State in
the ripen grapes in bones and also in many sweet fruits. It is also
present in human blood to the extent of about 0.1%. Sucrose is one
of the most useful disaccharides in our daily life. It is widely
distributed in nature in juices, seeds and also in flowers of many
plants. The main source of sucrose is sugar cane juice which
contain 15-20 % sucrose and sugar beet which has about 10-17 %
sucrose. The molecular formula of sucrose is C12H22O11. It is
produced by a mixture of glucose and fructose. It is non-reducing
in nature whereas glucose is reducing. Cold drinks are a bit acidic
in nature and their acidity can be measured by finding their pH
value. The pH values also depend upon the acidic contents such as
citric acid and phosphoric acid.
APPARATUS
Test Tube
Test Tube Holder
Test Tube Stand
Stop Watch
Beaker
Burner
pH Paper
Tripod Stand
China Dish
Wire Gauge
Water Bath
CHEMICALS
REQUIRED
Iodine Solution
Fehling’s A & B Solution
Lime Water
Concentrated HNO3
Ammonium Molybdate
DETECTION OF PH
EXPERIMENT
Small samples of cold drinks of different brands were taken in a test tube
and put on the pH paper. The change in the color of pH paper was noticed
and was compared with the standard pH scale.
OBSERVATION
SR. NO. NAME OF THE COLOUR pH VALUE

DRINK CHANGE
1. COCA COLA
2. SPRITE
3. LIMCA
4. FANTA
INFERENCE
Soft drinks are generally acidic because of the presence of citric acid and
phosphoric acid. pH values of cold drink of different brands are different due
to the variation in amount of acidic contents.
TEST FOR CARBON
DIOXIDE
EXPERIMENT
As soon as the bottles were opened, one by one the sample was passed
through lime water. The lime water turned milky.
OBSERVATON
SR. NO. NAME OF THE TIME TAKEN CONCLUSION
DRINK (SEC.)
1. COCA COLA
2. SPRITE
3. LIMCA
4. FANTA
INFERENCE
All the soft drinks contain dissolved carbon dioxide in water. The carbon
dioxide (CO2) dissolves in water to form carbonic acid, which is responsible
for its tangy taste.
CHEMICAL REACTION INVOLVED
Ca(OH)2(s) + CO2(g) --------------- CaCO3(s) + H2O(s)

2. FEHLING’S SOLUTION TEST
Small samples of cold drinks of different brands were taken in a test tube
and a few drops of Fehling’s A solution and Fehling’s B solution was added
in equal amount. The test tube was heated in a water bath for 10 minutes.
Appearance of brown precipitate confirmed the presence of glucose in cold
drinks.
OBSERVATON
SR. NO. NAME OF THE OBSERVATION CONCLUSION

DRINK
1. COCA COLA
2. SPRITE
3. LIMCA
4. FANTA
INFERENCE
All the samples gave positive test for glucose with Fehling’s (A & B)
solutions. Hence all the cold drinks contain glucose.
TEST FOR PHOSPHATE
EXPERIMENT
Small samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken in separate test tubes
and Ammonium Molybdate followed by concentrated Nitric Acid (HNO3)
was added to it. The solution was heated. Appearance of canary-yellow
precipitate confirmed the presence of phosphate ions in cold drinks.
OBSERVATON
DRINK
1. COCA COLA
2. SPRITE
3. LIMCA
4. FANTA
INFERENCE
All the soft drinks samples gave positive test for phosphate ions. Hence all
the cold drinks contain phosphate.
CHEMICAL REACTION INVOLVED

NaHPO4 + 12(NH4)2MoO4 + 21HNO3 + 3H+ ------------- (NH4)3PO4.12MoO3
+ 21HN4NO3 + 12H2O
TEST FOR SUCROSE
EXPERIMENT
5 ml samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken in separate china
dishes and were heated very strongly until changes occur. Black colored
residue left confirmed the presence of sucrose in cold drinks.
OBSERVATON
DRINK
1. COCA COLA
2. SPRITE
3. LIMCA
4. FANTA
INFERENCE
All the brands of cold drinks contain sucrose. But amount of sucrose varies
in each brand of drink. Fanta contains highest amount of sucrose.
RESULT
After conducting several tests, it was concluded that the different brands of
cold drinks namely:
1. Coca Cola
2. Sprite
3. Limca
4. Fanta
All contains glucose, sucrose, phosphate and carbon dioxide. All cold
drinks are acidic in nature. On comparing the pH value of different
brands Coca Cola is the most acidic and Limca is least acidic of all the four
brands taken.
CARBON DIOXIDE
Among the four samples of cold drinks taken, Sprite has the maximum
amount of dissolved carbon dioxide and Fanta has the minimum amount of
dissolved carbon dioxide.
CONCLUSION
DIS-ADVANTAGES OF COLD DRINKS
1. Soft drinks are little more harmful than sugar solution. As they
contain sugar in large amount which cause problems in diabetes
patients.
2. Soft drinks can cause weight gain as they interfere with the body’s
natural ability to suppress hunger feeling.
3. Soft drinks have ability to dissolve the calcium so they are also
harmful for our bones.
4. Soft drinks contain “phosphoric acid” which has a pH of 2.8. So they
can dissolve a nail in about 4 days.
5. For transportation of soft drinks syrup the commercial truck must use
the hazardous matter place cards reserved for highly conceive material.
6. Soft drinks have also ability to remove blood so they are very harmful
to our body.
USES OF COLD DRINKS

1. Cold drinks can be used as toilet cleaners.
2. They can remove rust spots from chrome car hampers.
3. They clean corrosion from car battery terminals.
4. Soft drinks are used as an excellent ‘detergent’ to remove grease from
clothes.
5. They can lose a rusted bolt.
TEACHER’S REMARKS
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Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirement For: A Chemistry Investigatory Project On

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A Chemistry Investigatory Project On

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for

Has been prepared by ,

Roorkee. In partial fulfillment of the requirement

Is an authentic record of work completed successfullyby

BRO. ALBERT ABRAHAM

The completion of this project is due to the co-operation

Another fact which inspired me to do this project is

IV. Chemicals Required

VI. Test for Carbon Dioxide

VII. Test for Glucose

VIII. Test for Phosphate

Now days, it is observed in general that majority of

The carbon dioxide gas is dissolved in water to form carbonic acid

On the basis of their molecule size carbohydrates are classified as:

Fehling’s A & B Solution

SR. NO. NAME OF THE COLOUR pH VALUE

CHEMICAL REACTION INVOLVED

Ca(OH)2(s) + CO2(g) --------------- CaCO3(s) + H2O(s)

SR. NO. NAME OF THE OBSERVATION CONCLUSION

CHEMICAL REACTION INVOLVED

USES OF COLD DRINKS

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