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Development Team of the Module

Writer: Faith C. Guhiting and Anann F. Cacayan

Editors:

Reviewers: Edna E. Trinidad, Jane C. Basul, Gersim S. Lumintac, Rosario

Pormento Polea, Rey Arbolonio, Marcelina C. Ranin, Irene F.
Havana

Illustrators:

Layout Artists:

Management Team: Ma. Teresa M. Real

Laila F. Danaque
Dominico P. Larong, Jr.
Gemma C. Pullos
Manuel L. Limjoco, Jr.

Authors: Faith C. Guhiting and Anann F. Cacayan

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Division: Surigao del Norte
Email address: faith.guhiting@deped.gov.ph/anann.cacayan@deped.gov.ph
 UNIFIED LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS
Science 8, Quarter 4, Week 4

Biodiversity: Species and Classification

Name of Learner:______________________ Section: ____________

Most Essential Learning Competencies:

Explain the concept of a species. S8LT-IVg-19

Classify organisms using the hierarchical taxonomic system. S8LT-IVg-19

Learning Objectives:

1. Discuss the biological concept of species;

2. Classifying organisms using the hierarchical taxonomic system;
3. Cite some importance of having a high biodiversity in an
ecosystem.
Time Allotment: 4 hours

Key Concepts:

• Biodiversity is a concept that refers to the vast diversity of life on the planet.
Plants, bacteria, livestock, and humans are all examples of living things.
According to scientists, there are approximately 8.7 million plant and animal
species on the planet.
• Species are collection of related organisms that interbreed in nature
and produce fertile offspring; examples of these are the rats, pigs,
dogs and cats. While organisms tend to have similar appearances or
behavior like the famous civet cat (known locally as Alamid or Musang)
and our domesticated cats, they are of different species. There are
also creatures that look different appear but are actually the same
species like the sea cow (known as Dugong locally) and humans. A
species includes the rabbit, waling-waling (an orchid), milkfish (local
name: bangus), rice plant, and humans like you.
• There are three levels of biodiversity: species diversity, genetic
diversity, and ecosystem diversity. Species diversity refers to the
various types of organisms that exist (species diversity), genetic diversity
refers to the genetic material that organisms possess (genetic diversity),
and an ecosystem diversity refers to the different types of locations
where organisms thrive and interacts with other organisms in the
ecosystem (ecosystem diversity).
• Taxonomy is the science of naming, identifying, and classifying organisms,
and it encompasses all plants, animals, and microbes on the planet.
• There are eight taxonomic classification of organisms namely: domain,
kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. To easily
Authors: Faith C. Guhiting and Anann F. Cacayan
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Email address: faith.guhiting@deped.gov.ph/anann.cacayan@deped.gov.ph
 remember these eight classifications, we make use of a mnemonic device
where these are phrases that make it easier to remember specific
information. In this case, we take the first letter of each word of eight
classifications; k, p, c, o, f, g and s, are the names of the lines. You make use
of this phrase, “King Philip Came Over For Green Soup”.
• A Scientific Name is a name given to each organism discovered.
Every scientist and other person from all over the world will refer to
the same organism by the same name. Two names make up scientific
names. The first is genus name and second is species name. It is always
written in italics (if typed) or underlined (handwritten). The first letter of
genus name is always capitalized. It's also worth noting that scientific
names are written in Latin. The binomial system of classification
refers to the method of naming species.

Figure 1. The 7 Classification of Living Things

Source: www.google.com/images
 The Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protist, Fungi, Plant, and Animal
Kingdom are used to classify organisms.
 Kingdom Plantae are what we call as plants. Plants are non-motile,
multicellular, organisms that are autotrophic. This means that they make their
own food through photosynthesis. The four main phyla or subcategories in the
kingdom Plantae are: Angiospermorphyta (flowers, fruit trees, vegetables),
Bryophyta (mosses, hornworts, liverworts), Coniferophyta or Pinophyta (pine
trees, fir trees, redwood) and Filicinophyta (ferns).
 Kingdom Fungi are organisms that are considered as decomposers. This
means that they feed off of dead organisms and cells. Fungi also cannot move
on its own and is multicellular. There are five phyla in the kingdom Fungi,
which include: Ascomycota (truffles, morels, yeasts),
Basidiomycota (mushrooms, puffballs, jelly fungi), Chytridiomycota (water
molds, chytrids), Glomeromycota (tree fungi; for example, arbuscular
mycorrhizas) and Zygomycota (bread molds, mucorales).
 The Kingdom Protista consists of any eukaryotic organism that isn’t an
animal, plant or fungus. They only reproduce asexually or via meiosis. These
organisms are also autotrophs, which don’t need to feed on other forms of life
for survival. The kingdom Protista has 3 phyla, which can be divided into the
following types: Protozoa - the animal-like protists (amoebae, euglena),
Protophyta - the plant-like protists (algae, lichens) and Molds - (slime molds,
water molds).
Authors: Faith C. Guhiting and Anann F. Cacayan
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  Kingdom of Archaea under the Archaea Domain, both species in the
Archaebacteria family are microscopic. They live in a variety of settings,
some of which are extremely harsh. Archaebacteria include
methanogens, halophiles, and thermophiles.
 Kingdom of Eubacteria are members of unicellular and microscopic bacteria.
They are known as true bacteria and are commonly referred to as the "bacteria"
community.
The size and form of organisms in the Animal Kingdom varies. Smaller
organisms have limited number of cells while larger animals have trillions of it.
Some species have the ability to live inside other animals’ body. There are those
that can be found in fresh or saltwater, and some also can be found in any land
habitat. They can reproduce either sexually or asexually.
 Kingdom Animalia is the biggest kingdom in the living world with at least four
million species named and identified. Animals range in size from no more than
a few cells to organisms weighing many tons, such as the blue whales and
giant squids. Most animals inhabit the seas, with fewer on freshwater and even
fewer on land. Below is a list of the common animal phyla, their major
characteristics, and some examples.
Phylum Major Characteristics Representative
members
Porifera Permanently attached,not free to move sponge
about (sessile), body loosely organized
Cnidaria having similar parts regularly arranged Jellyfish, sea
around a central axis with incomplete anemones corals,
guts, some are sessile hydra
Platyhelminthes Flatworms,bilaterally symmetrical Planaria (free-living
means body can be divided along a flatworms) parasitic
plane that divides the animal flukes, tapeworms
into left and right sides without an
enclosed body cavity
Nematoda Roundworms, body cavity lined Trichinella
enclosed with a muscle layer on the (parasitic
outer side but not the internal organs roundworm),
Caenorabditis
elegans(soil-
inhabiting
nematode)
Mollusca Soft-bodied unsegmented (not divided Snails, clams,
into or made up of segments) animals squids, octopuses
Annelida Segmented(divided) worms Earthworms,
leeches
Arthropoda Joint-legged (means a leg with one or Crabs, lobsters,
more points somewhere along its length spiders, centipedes,
where the leg is designed to flex—such insects
as at the knee) animals with
exoskeletons(an external supportive
covering of an animal)
Echinodermata Biradically symmetrical animals. Starfishes, brittle
Echinodermata are named after their stars, sea urchins,
spiny skin (from the Greek “echinos” sea cucumbers
meaning “spiny” and “dermos” meaning
Authors: Faith C. Guhiting and Anann F. Cacayan
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 “skin”). Echinodermata are exclusively
marine organisms.
Chordata It includes humans and Mammals,fish,
other vertebrates (animals with a reptiles, birds,
backbone) however, there are also amphibians
those without a backbone
(invertebrates).All chordates have the
following features at some point in their
life (in the case of humans and many
other vertebrates, these features may
only be present in the
embryo):pharyngeal slits - a series of
openings that connect the inside of the
throat to the outside of the "neck".
These are often, but not always, used
as gills.Dorsal nerve cord - a bundle of
nerve fibers which runs down the
"back". It connects the brain with the
lateral muscles and other organs.
Notochord - cartilaginous rod running
underneath, and supporting, the nerve
cord.

Figure 2. The Animal Kingdom

https://kullabs.com/class-9/science-9/classification-of-living-things/animal-kingdom-i

Authors: Faith C. Guhiting and Anann F. Cacayan

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 Figure 3. The Six Kingdom Classification
Source: http://bioisu.freeservers.com

Activity 1. What Am I?

Objective: Discuss the biological concept of species

What you need: Paper, ballpen, books or internet if available

What to do: Study and analyze the pictures below. Answer if the following
set of species can interbreed or not and if their offspring are fertile (capable
of producing an offspring) or sterile (not capable of reproduction).
Can they If Yes, Is their
interbreed name of offspring
Species or not?(Yes their fertile or
or No) offspring? sterile?
1. Labrador + Poodle

www.google.com/images

Authors: Faith C. Guhiting and Anann F. Cacayan

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 2. Donkey + Horse

www.google.com/images

4. 3. Lion (male) + Tiger (female)

5.

//www.britannica.com/animal/liger

6. 4. Dogs + Wolves
7.

www.google.com/images

8. 5. African fish eagle + Bald

eagle

https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-biology/natural-
selection/speciation/a/species-speciation

Authors: Faith C. Guhiting and Anann F. Cacayan

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Division: Surigao del Norte
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Guide Questions:

1. In the examples above, which animals produce sterile offspring?

______________________________________________________________

2. When can you say that organisms belong to the same species?

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3. If two species look very similar externally, but can be dissimilar enough in their
genetic makeup, thus they are of ___________species. They ________produce fertile
offspring.

Activity 2: Classifying Organisms

Objective: Classifying organisms using the hierarchical taxonomic system.

What you need: Paper and ballpen.

What to do: Study the table below and arrange the jumbled answers according to
their category. Write your answers to the table provided below.

Category Domesticated Dog Bangus Domestic Philippine

Cat guinea pig Eagle
Kingdom Carnivora familiaris chanos Chordata Aves
Phylum Chordata Mammalia Animalia Animalia Accipitriformes
Class Animalia Chordata Chanos Cavia Chordata
Order Mammalia Canidae Chordata Caviidae Accipitridae
Family catus Carnivora Actinopterygii C. porcellus Animalia
Genus Felidae Canis Gonorynchiformis Rodentia P.. jefferyl
Species Felis Animalia Canidae Mammalia Pithecophaga

Category Domesticated Dog Bangus Domestic Philippine

Cat guinea pig Eagle
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Authors: Faith C. Guhiting and Anann F. Cacayan

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REFLECTION:

Species diversity comprises a large number of different kinds, shapes,

colors and sizes of organisms that inhabit the Earth. We use
taxonomy in describing, naming and classifying these organisms. Such work is
essential for the fundamental understanding of biodiversity and its conservation.

Cite at least three (3) importance of biodiversity in an ecosystem. Write

your answers on the space provided below. (Refer to the rubric below)
___________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

RUBRIC for Scoring

Task 5 points 3 points 1 point
Substantial, Sufficiently
Content specific, and developed content Superficial and/or
illustrative content with adequate minimal content
demonstrating elaboration or
scientific ideas. explanation.
Apparent point
Focus No apparent point Minimal evidence
made about a single
but evidence of a of a topic.
topic with sufficient
specific topic.
awareness of task.

References:

 Campo, P., Chavez, M., Catalan, M.H., et al. Science- Grade 8 Learner’s
Module, First Edition – 2013. Department of Education.
 Philippines. Department of Education. (2004). Biology: Science and
technology textbook for 2nd year. ( Revised ed.). Quezon City: Author.
 https://allsaintsacademydunstable.org/wp-
content/uploads/2016/09/Classification.pdf
 https://sites.google.com/a/st.cabarrus.k12.nc.us/lifeprocesses-jake-
b/basis-of-modern-classification-system
 https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/chordata/chordata.html
 Pavico-Ferriols,Josefina Ma.; et al. Exploring Life Through Science, Thee New
Grade 8 -2013. Phoenix Publishing House

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 Email address: faith.guhiting@deped.gov.ph/anann.cacayan@deped.gov.ph
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Answers may vary.
Reflection:
Activity 2: Classifying Organisms
Category Domesticate Dog Bangus Domestic Philippine
d Cat guinea pig eagle
Kingdom Animalia Animalia Animalia Animalia Animalia
Phylum Chordata Chordata Chordata Chordata Chordata
Class Mammalia Mammalia Actinopterygii Mammalia Aves
Order Carnivora Carnivora Gonorynchiformi Rodentia Accipitriformes
s
Family Felidae Canidae Canidae Caviidae Accipitridae
Genus Felis Canis Chanos Cavia Pithecopha
Species catus familiaris chanos porcellus P.. jefferyl
Activity 1: What am I?
Can they If Yes, name Is their
interbreed of their offspring
ornot?(Yes offspring? fertile or
Species or No) sterile?
1.Labrador + Poodle Yes Labradoodle Fertile
2.Donkey+Horse Yes Mule Sterile
3.Lion+Tiger Yes Liger/Tigon Sterile
4.Dogs+Wolves Yes Wolfdog Fertile
5. African fish No None None
eagle+Bald eagle
Guide Questions:
1. Donkey and horse, lion and tiger
2. We can say that organisms belong to the same species when they
interbreed and produce fertile offspring.
3. Different, cannot
Answers Key: