Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
49 views

Módulo 1 1.1 Coloides

This document provides an overview of colloids and their relevance to nanotechnology. It defines colloids as mixtures where one substance is microscopically dispersed within another. Colloids are distinguished from solutions, which involve molecules dispersed through solvation, and suspensions, where particles are larger. Many nanotechnology products involve colloidal systems. The document reviews different types of colloids based on the dispersed and continuous phases, such as emulsions, foams, and gels. It also discusses how the nanoscale affects properties like Brownian motion and stability.

Uploaded by

raul
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
49 views

Módulo 1 1.1 Coloides

This document provides an overview of colloids and their relevance to nanotechnology. It defines colloids as mixtures where one substance is microscopically dispersed within another. Colloids are distinguished from solutions, which involve molecules dispersed through solvation, and suspensions, where particles are larger. Many nanotechnology products involve colloidal systems. The document reviews different types of colloids based on the dispersed and continuous phases, such as emulsions, foams, and gels. It also discusses how the nanoscale affects properties like Brownian motion and stability.

Uploaded by

raul
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 22

NT2001B -MANUFACTURE OF

NANOSTRUCTURES BY CHEMICAL METHODS


Module 1:
Fundamental aspects on the behavior of nanomaterials

DEPARTAMENTO DE CIENCIAS - QUÍMICA Y NANOTECNOLOGÍA


ESCUELA DE INGENIERÍA Y CIENCIAS
COLLOIDS
A Review

Dra. Yadira I. Vega

NT2001B - Nanomateriales por Métodos Químicos 2


WHAT IS A COLLOID?
➤Is a mixture in which one substance of
microscopically dispersed insoluble
particles is suspended throughout another
substance.
➤The term colloidal suspension refers
unambiguously to the overall mixture.
➤It’s composed by two phases:
➤Dispersed phase Example
➤Continuos phase

The mixture must not settle

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colloid
Dra. Yadira I. Vega

NT2001B - Nanomateriales por Métodos Químicos 3


WHY ARE COLLOIDS RELEVANT IN NANOTECHNOLOGY?
Many nanotechnology-based products involve colloidal systems!
Cosmetics
Quantum dots
Medical: vaccines & drugs

Advanced materials safety


Food and food supplements

Dra. Yadira I. Vega

NT2001B - Nanomateriales por Métodos Químicos 4


NANOSCIENCE AND COLLOIDS
➤ Nanoparticles in a liquid are colloidal
suspensions Nanoscale
effects
➤ Many dispersions of macromolecules are
colloidal suspensions, not true solutions
(e.g. proteins, some polymers)
➤ Smallsize of colloidal particles means that
the interfacial area is very large Smaller particles
Larger surface area
Larger interface
More stability

Surface characteristics (nanoscale effects) determine properties of the systems

Dra. Yadira I. Vega

NT2001B - Nanomateriales por Métodos Químicos 5


NANOPARTICLES: HIGH INTERFACIAL AREA, HIGH PERCENTAGE OF SURFACE ATOMS
➤ Number of surface atoms (A) in relation to total atoms (N)
increases exponentially with decreasing particle size
➤ Reactivity (chemical potential) also increases exponentially

(Image from: L. Brus “Semiconductor Nanocrystals, Kavli Prize Lecture”, Sept. 2008)
Dra. Yadira I. Vega

NT2001B - Nanomateriales por Métodos Químicos 6


A BRIEF REVIEW ON COLLOIDS
➤Ina colloid a substance in one phase
disperses into another, where the dispersed
phase is immiscible

➤Different from solutions which involve


small molecules (or atoms/ions) dispersed
by solvation into one homogeneous phase
➤Different from a suspension, in which
the particles of the dispersed phase are
larger than in a colloid. The suspension is
formed by agitation but will
segregate/sediment when left undisturbed

Dra. Yadira I. Vega

NT2001B - Nanomateriales por Métodos Químicos 7


WHAT IS THE EFFECT OF THE NANOSCALE ON BROWNIAN MOTION AND
When particles are at the nanoscale,
STABILITY OF COLLOIDS? Brownian motion is enough to
overcome the force of gravity and
colloid does not settle, thus, it’s
stable

Dra. Yadira I. Vega

NT2001B - Nanomateriales por Métodos Químicos 8


A solution is in one phase and stable

A colloid is a mixture (two


phases)of very small particles in
another substance, and it’s stable

A suspension is a mixture (two


phases)of larger particles in
another substance, and it’s NOT
stable

http://missbelmonte.weebly.com/solubility.html
Dra. Yadira I. Vega

NT2001B - Nanomateriales por Métodos Químicos 9


A BRIEF REVIEW ON COLLOIDS
➤The colloidal particles (discontinuous phase)
can be gaseous, liquid or solid
➤Particle sizes are in the range of 10–1000
nm
➤The dispersing phase (continuous phase) can
be gaseous, liquid or solid

➤When the continuous phase is a fluid


Brownian motion and convection currents
contribute to maintain the dispersed phase in
suspension

Dra. Yadira I. Vega

NT2001B - Nanomateriales por Métodos Químicos 10


TYPES OF COLLOIDS
Liquid - Gas Solid - Gas Gas - Liquid Liquid - Liquid

Liquid aerosols Solid aerosols foams emulsions

➡fog ➡smoke ➡shaving foam ➡milk


➡ hair spray ➡smog ➡whipped cream ➡mayonnaise

Dra. Yadira I. Vega

NT2001B - Nanomateriales por Métodos Químicos 11


TYPES OF COLLOIDS
Solid - Liquid Gas - Solid Liquid - Solid Solid - Solid

sol Solid foams gels


➡nanoparticles
➡blood ➡polymer foams ➡gelatine
in glass
➡Chinese ink ➡aerogels ➡agar

Dra. Yadira I. Vega

NT2001B - Nanomateriales por Métodos Químicos 12


GELS
A liquid-solid colloid that presents some resistance to deformation (low elasticity)

A gel can have:


•A covalent polymeric
https://news.wsu.edu/2014/06/30/super-absorbent-gel-could-help-farmers-save-water/ network
•A polymeric network by
aggregation due to
secondary bonding or
physical forces

https://www.delta.tudelft.nl/article/synthetic-gel-mimics-protoplasm

Dra. Yadira I. Vega

NT2001B - Nanomateriales por Métodos Químicos 13


TYPES OF GELS
➤Hydrogel
➤Gel where the fluid is water
➤Usually, the continuous network is a polymer
➤Organogel
➤Liquid in the gel is an organic solvent
➤Xerogel
➤Dry gel, usually made by evaporation of a solvent and
shrinkage
➤Aerogel
➤Gel from a micro or nano-porous solid, where the
disperse phase is a gas
➤Liquid in the gel is substituted by a gas without
shrinkage
➤The most used process involves supercritical drying
➤Freeze-drying can also be used
➤Dried by freezing and sublimation of a solvent at low
pressure

Dra. Yadira I. Vega

NT2001B - Nanomateriales por Métodos Químicos 14


LYOPHILIC VS LIOPHOBIC COLLOIDS
LYOPHILIC COLLOIDS LYOPHOBIC COLLOIDS

➤ Thermodynamically stable ➤ Thermodynamically unstable


➤ Precipitation of nanoparticles is a ➤ Precipitation of nanoparticles is not a
reversible process reversible process
➤ High viscosity ➤ Same viscosity as solvent
➤ Easy to prepare ➤ Difficult
to prepare, requires special
techniques and stabilizers:
➤ surfactants,polymers, organic
Most nanoparticles in suspension form
molecules (tiols, alcohols)
lyophobic colloids

Dra. Yadira I. Vega

NT2001B - Nanomateriales por Métodos Químicos 15


Dra. Yadira I. Vega

NT2001B - Nanomateriales por Métodos Químicos 16


ACTIVIDAD

Dra. Yadira I. Vega

NT2001B - Nanomateriales por Métodos Químicos 17


1 Instrucciones

Simulador de un sistema coloidal


El siguiente video muestra una simulación de un coloide de oro. Corre el siguiente simulador y contesta las preguntas en la siguiente sección:

Video from: https://youtu.be/wPaqDW5kEUc

Dra. Yadira I. Vega

NT2001B - Nanomateriales por Métodos Químicos 18


2 Contesta las siguientes preguntas

Sistema de oro coloidal

1.¿Cuál es el nombre del tipo de este sistema


coloidal?
2.¿Cómo se llama el movimiento que
presenta la nanopartícula de oro?
3.¿Porqué este movimiento es crucial para
mantener la estabilidad del sistema
coloidal?
4.¿Cuál el el límite de tamaño de partícula
que debe de tener el sistema para que se
mantenga estable?
5.¿Que son las moléculas en la superficie de
la nanopartícula de oro y para que se
utilizan?
6.¿Que otro tipo de sistemas coloidales
podrían ser representados por un simulador
parecido?
Dra. Yadira I. Vega

NT2001B - Nanomateriales por Métodos Químicos 19


1. Realiza la actividad en equipo
2. Prepara un documento con tus respuestas
3. Discute tus conclusiones con el resto del grupo y con tu profesor(a)
4. Ajusta tus respuestas
5. Sube tus respuestas a Canvas en el espacio indicado para esta actividad

Dra. Yadira I. Vega

NT2001B - Nanomateriales por Métodos Químicos 20


ACTIVIDAD

Dra. Yadira I. Vega

NT2001B - Nanomateriales por Métodos Químicos 21


INSTRUCCIONES
1.En equipo, elabora un resumen con los puntos más importantes del tema, tu
resumen debe de incluir:
a)¿Cuál es la definición de un coloide?
b)¿Qué se necesita para que un coloide sea estable?
c) Tomando en cuenta los efectos de superficie de nanopartículas, ¿porqué la mayoría
de los coloides de nanopartículas son lipofóbicos?
d)¿Qué se puede hacer para aumentar la estabilidad coloidal de nanopartículas?
2.La plata coloidal es una dispersión de nanopartículas en un solvente
1.Investiga su composición
2.¿Cómo es estabilizada esta formulación?
3. Prepara un documento con tus respuestas y súbelo a canvas en el espacio
indicado para esta actividad

Dra. Yadira I. Vega

NT2001B - Nanomateriales por Métodos Químicos 22

You might also like