Unit – VIII

COMMUNICATION AND
UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH

Mrs. S. Andal, M.Sc(N).,

Professor cum Research Co-ordinator
Faculty of Nursing
 COMMUNICATION AND
UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH
• A research project cannot be considered
complete until its results are effectively
communicated to its users or consumers.
Therefore communication of research finding is
one of the essential and final steps of research
process.
 Purpose for effective communication

• Promotion of learning of new knowledge among

professionals
• Expansion of the base for the evidence based
practice
• Improving the health care outcome by refining the
existing body of professional knowledge
 Criteria for Communicating Research

• Selecting proper channel for communicating

• Knowing the consumers
• Developing an effective plan for writing a research
report
• Careful selection of a journal for publication of report
• Careful review of authors manuscript guidelines
Methods of communication
• Written report: published in journals,
publication
• Oral report: presented in conferences

Writing a research report:

• It has ultimate outcome of research process.
The research task is not completed until the
report has been written. Dissemination of
research finding serves scientific, professional
and public functions.
 Characteristics:

• A research report must have characteristics of

conciseness, clarity, honesty, completeness and
accuracy.
• It must cover all subjects and maintain interest
among users
• It must be written and presented logically
• Presentation must be visually attractive
• Report must reflect its originality
 Steps in writing report

• Logical analysis of subject matter

• Preparation of final outline
• Preparation of rough draft
• Rewriting and polishing rough draft
• Preparation of final bibliography
• Writing the final draft
Format of research report:
• Quantitative research reports typically
follow a conventional format referred to as
IMRAD format. It involves the organization of
the study material in four sections
• Introduction,
• Methods,
• Results and
• Discussion.
1.Introduction
– Background of study
– Need of study
– Research problem
– Objectives
– Hypothesis
– Assumptions
– Operational Definitions
– Conceptual Framework
– Literature Review
2.Methods
– Research Design
– Research Setting
– Target Population
– Sampling Technique and Size
– Development & Description of Data Collection Tools
– Validity and Reliability of Tools
– Methods of Data Collection
– Pilot Study
– Ethical consideration
– Plan for data analysis
3.Results
It is the heart of a research report. Both
descriptive and inferential statistics have
been used to test the preset hypotheses
and inferences after the rejection or
acceptance of the hypotheses.
4.Discussion
It must be written in a logical sequence,
where synthesis and interpretation of
results are made in light of limitations of
the study to avoid the publication bias
and reporting bias.
Critical Review of Research Work
• Research critique is a planned, careful
critical evaluation of a piece of research work
against the pre specified criteria to judge the
strengths and weakness of research study.
• A research critique reflects a penetrating
analysis of a study in which judicious and
constructive comments have been made about
a piece of work. [Leininger 1968]
Purpose:
• To provide inputs regarding the strengths &
weakness of a study.
• To provide suggestions about methodological
flaws to the students.
• To evaluate understanding of research by the
students.
• To judge scientific merits of the study.
• To take decision whether to publish the study in
journal or not.
Guidelines:
• Read and understand the research report
carefully
• Carryout critical appraisal of all the aspects of
research reports
• Avoid general vague statements
• Be objective and sensitive while framing
negative comments
• Keep balanced approach by presenting both
strong and weak point
• Positive and negative commands must be
supported with examples to make clear
Utilization of Nursing Research
• In recent days in nursing the need for research
based practice is still widely accepted but unfortunately
many current nursing interventions are based on
traditions rather than science.
• In today’s cost and time conscious health care
environment nurses cannot afford to spend time on
unnecessary or ineffective procedure at a time when
nurses are asked to take care of more complicated
illness and demanding patients striving for decreased
length of stay. The nurse must work smarter and not
harder for this the actual utilization of nursing research
and practice has to be realized.
Barriers in Utilization
• Nurses lack time to actively participate in
conducting and implementing research
• Do not understand the important of research
• It is a minute and difficult component of UG
program
• Our health care scenario pays little attention to
research
• Staff nurses may not read nursing research journals
• Research reports are presented to researcher and
the reports are not reaching to nurses who can
practically use these new ideas.
Strategies in Facilitate Utilization of Nursing
Research
• The most crucial factor in facilitating research
utilization is the identification of clinically relevant
problems and issues.
• The barrier to research based practice are
multidimensional, so the process to implement
effective strategies to overcome these barriers will
require a combined effort from nurses to education,
research, administration and clinical practice.
Nurse Educators:
• Use research finding to support lectures
and teaching
• Incorporate research findings in clinical
assignments
• Motivate students to conduct research activity
Nurse Researchers:
• Focus the research activity on current
clinical problems
• Disseminate research results as early as
possible
• Present research findings locally, regionally
and nationally
• Publish research finding
• Clearly delineate practice implications of
results
Nurse Administrators:
• Establish research friendly culture
• Encourage clinicians to question traditions.
• Reward risk taking and innovation
• Require research basis for practice changes
• Incorporate research role in job
descriptions
• Encourage and support continuing
education
Nurse Clinicians:
• Question practice traditions
• Stay updated with literature
• Commit to continuous learning, such as
continuing education, joining professional
organizations, and pursuing advanced degrees.
• Collaborate with researchers to relay clinical
issues and questions.
• Support research conduct in the clinical setting.
• Take the risks to make changes and improve
practice.