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Unit 3 The Comparative and The Superlative

The document discusses the comparative and superlative forms of adjectives in three paragraphs: 1) It explains that comparative adjectives use "-er" to compare two items, while superlative adjectives use "the -est" to describe an item that is an extreme on a scale compared to a group. 2) Examples of regular comparative ("taller") and superlative ("tallest") formations are provided based on syllable count. 3) Irregular adjectives like "good", "bad", and "much" that have unique comparative and superlative forms are listed.

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69 views

Unit 3 The Comparative and The Superlative

The document discusses the comparative and superlative forms of adjectives in three paragraphs: 1) It explains that comparative adjectives use "-er" to compare two items, while superlative adjectives use "the -est" to describe an item that is an extreme on a scale compared to a group. 2) Examples of regular comparative ("taller") and superlative ("tallest") formations are provided based on syllable count. 3) Irregular adjectives like "good", "bad", and "much" that have unique comparative and superlative forms are listed.

Uploaded by

Saro
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The comparative and the superlative

Comparative adjectives
Comparative adjectives are used to compare differences between the two objects they
modify (larger, smaller, faster, higher). They are used in sentences where two nouns are
compared, in this pattern:

Noun (subject) + verb + comparative adjective + than + noun (object).

The second item of comparison can be omitted if it is clear from the context (final example
below).

Examples
 My house is larger than hers.
 This box is smaller than the one I lost.
 Your dog runs faster than Jim's dog.
 The rock flew higher than the roof.
 Jim and Jack are both my friends, but I like Jack better. ("than Jim" is understood)

Superlative adjectives
Superlative adjectives are used to describe an object which is at the upper or lower limit of
a quality (the tallest, the smallest, the fastest, the highest). They are used in sentences
where a subject is compared to a group of objects.

Noun (subject) + verb + the + superlative adjective + noun (object).

The group that is being compared with can be omitted if it is clear from the context (final
example below).

Examples
 My house is the largest one in our neighborhood.
 This is the smallest box I've ever seen.
 Your dog ran the fastest of any dog in the race.
 We all threw our rocks at the same time. My rock flew the highest. ("of all the rocks" is
understood)

Forming regular comparatives and superlatives


Forming comparatives and superlatives is easy. The form depends on the number of
syllables in the original adjective.

One syllable adjectives


Add -er for the comparative and -est for the superlative. If the adjective has a consonant +
single vowel + consonant spelling, the final consonant must be doubled before adding the
ending.

Adjective Comparative Superlative

tall taller tallest

fat fatter fattest

big bigger biggest

sad sadder saddest

Two syllables
Adjectives with two syllables can form the comparative either by adding -er or by
preceeding the adjective with more. These adjectives form the superlative either by
adding -est or by preceeding the adjective with most. In many cases, both forms are used,
although one usage will be more common than the other. If you are not sure whether a two-
syllable adjective can take a comparative or superlative ending, play it safe and
use more and most instead. For adjectives ending in y, change the y to an i before adding
the ending.

Adjective Comparative Superlative

happy happier happiest

simple simpler simplest

busy busier busiest


Adjective Comparative Superlative

tilted more tilted most tilted

tangled more tangled most tangled

Three or more syllables


Adjectives with three or more syllables form the comparative by putting more in front of
the adjective, and the superlative by putting most in front.

Adjective Comparative Superlative

important more important most important

expensive more expensive most expensive

Irregular comparatives and superlatives


These very common adjectives have completely irregular comparative and superlative
forms.

Adjective Comparative Superlative

good better best

bad worse worst

little less least

much more most

far further / farther furthest / farthest


Adjective Comparative Superlative

Examples
 Today is the worst day I've had in a long time.
 You play tennis better than I do.
 This is the least expensive sweater in the store.
 This sweater is less expensive than that one.
 I ran pretty far yesterday, but I ran even farther today.

How + adjectives questions


How + adjectives

HOW is an adverb which has many possibilities. First, it can


modify the meaning of several sorts of words.
Use:      
Use How to get information about numbers and quantities.

You can use it to find out about age, size, length, cost and much more.
Form:
1)            Dimensions
Use How big to find out about size.
How big is your car?
Use How long to find out about length, and How wide to ask about width.
How long is the River Nile? How wide is it?
Use the words long and wide in your answers to make them clear.
It’s a hundred miles long. It’s a mile wide.
2)            Age
Use How old to find out about age.
How old is your sister?
You can reply: ‘She’s ten’ or ‘She’s ten years old’ NOT ‘She’s ten years’.
3)            Time     
Also use How long to ask about time.
How long is the film?        It’s about two hours long.
How long does it take to get there?         About three hours.
4)            Quantity
Use How much to ask about cost. Also use How much with uncountable nouns.
Remember to put any uncountable nouns directly after ‘much’.
How much is this bag?    
How much money do you have? NOT     How much do you have money?
Use How many to ask about countable nouns.  Remember to put any countable
nouns directly after ‘many’.
How many people are coming? NOT       How many are coming people?
How many questions often use the word there.
How many people are there in your class?            NOT       How many people are
in your class?       

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