Meals Metodichka

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PART I
WHAT WE EAT
Fruit and Vegetables

Part 1
A. Which of these vegetables can you find in the picture? Label each vegetable in the
picture with the appropriate number.
1. artichoke 17. garlic 34. shallot
2. asparagus 18. horse-radish 35. sorrel
3. aubergine (Am. 19. Jerusalem 36. soya
egg plant) artichoke 37. spinach
4. beans 20. leek 38. spring onion
5. beetroot (Am. beet) 21. lentils (Am. green onion)
6. broccoli 22. lettuce 39. swede (Am.
7. brussel sprouts 23. marrow (Am. rutabaga)
8. cabbage squash) 40. sweet potato
9. carrot 24. mushroom 41. tomato
10. cauliflower 25. okra 42. turnip
11. celery root 26. onion 43. white radish
12. chicory 27. parsley 44. yam
13. Chinese leaves (Am. 28. parsnip
bok choy) 29. peas
14. courgette (Am. 30. potato
zucchini) 31. pumpkin
15. cucumber 32. radish
16. dill 33. red / green pepper
B. Name the vegetables which you eat every day.

Which vegetables do you like to eat in soups / salads / pickled / raw?
C. To learn long lists of words, it is sometimes helpful to divide them up into
groups. Try dividing these vegetable names into groups, in any way you like, e.g.
’vegetables which grow underground’ (potatoes, carrots etc.). If possible, compare
your answers with someone else’s.
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aubergine leek cucumber spinach carrot potato cauliflower
courgette lettuce onion pea cabbage garlic radish bean
shallot turnip asparagus beetroot marrow brussel sprouts
swede pumpkin sorrel green/red pepper celery
Part 2
A. Now try to do the same with the different fruit below.
1. apple 18. elderberry 40. pip
2. apricot 19. fig 41. plantain
3. ashberry 20. gooseberry 42. plum
4. banana 21. grapefruit 43. pomegranate
5. bilberry (blueberry, 22. grapes 44. pulp
huckleberry) 23. hawthorn 45. quince
6. blackberry 24. honeydew melon 46. raisins / sultana
7. black / red currants 25. kiwi fruit 47. raspberry
8. blood orange 26. lemon 48. rhubarb
9. cantalop 27. lime 49. sea-buckthorn
(Am.cantaloupe) 28. lychee 50. star fruit
10. cherry 29. mango 51. stone(Br)=pit(Am)
11. cherry-plum 30. melon 52. strawberry
12. coconut 31. mulberry 53. sweet cherry
13. cornel (Cornelian 32. nectarine 54. tangerine
cherries, dogwood) 33. orange 55. watermelon
14. cranberry 34. papaya 56. wild strawberry
15. cranberry bush 35. passion fruit
(snowball tree) 36. peach
16. date 37. pear
17. dog rose 38. persimmon
(sweetbrier) 39. pineapple
B. Do you like fruit? Which? Why?

Which of the following fruits are your favourites? Why?
Which of them grow in our country and which have come from other
countries?
Which fruits are sour / sweet / bitter?
Which are other fruits that you have never tasted?
Which fruits are yellow / blue / dark blue / green / orange / red?
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C. Choose several vegetables. How can you buy them?
by the dozen canned bunch one by one by the pound
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
D. Choose a vegetable to go with each ad and write it in the line below. There may
be more than one good answer.
Sweet, not strong CRISP & LEAFY
Cheaper by the 10 lb. GREAT FOR SALAD!
Will not make you Bag!
cry
1. _______________ 2. _______________ 3. ______________
THREE BEAUTIFUL BUY TWELVE AND

WHITE HEADS FOR RED, RIPE, JUICY! GET ONE EAR
ONLY $ 3.00 FREE!
4. _______________ 5. _______________ 6. ______________
Two stalks for $2! Tender pods – Great 3 cloves for only
for stir-fry! $1,5!
7. _______________ 8. _______________ 9. ______________
E. Find as many answers as possible for each statement. Your answers may be
different from your neighbour’s.
1) You can get “milk” from this.
2) Monkeys like this.
3) You can make good juice from this.
4) You can find them in candy bars.
5) You can make wine from these.
6) You often sprinkle salt on these.
7) You can eat these with a spoon.
8) You crack these open with a knife.
9) You often sprinkle sugar on these.
F. Here are some common expressions using fruit. Work with several other students
to see if you can find out what each one means. Do you think they are nice things to
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say or not? Put a plus or a minus after each expression to show whether it’s a
positive or negative thing to say. Write a short definition.
• the apple of my eye • a plum
• the top banana • a lemon
• a peach • a nut
G. The following words are listed in alphabetical order according to length. Fit them
into their proper places in the Word Frames. The puzzle has been started for you
with the word TOMATO. Now look for an 8-letter word in which A is the sixth
letter. Continue this way until the puzzle is completed.
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Fig Bean Apple Cherry Apricot Broccoli Artichoke Grapefruit
Pea Beet Lemon Garlic Avocado Cucumber Asparagus Strawberry
Yam Kiwi Mango Grapes Cabbage Egg plant Blueberry Watermelon
Leek Melon Orange Kumquat Zucchini Nectarine 11
Lime Olive Potato Lettuce Persimmon Bean sprouts
Okra Onion Radish Pumpkin Pineapple Cauliflower
Pear Peach Squash Spinach Raspberry Green pepper
Plum Tomato Red pepper
Turnip Tangerine
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H. Translate into English:
1) В нашому саду росте багато овочів та фруктів, а саме: сливи, яблуні, вишні,
персики та груші; цибуля-порей, салат-латук, спаржа, ріпчата цибуля та
інші.
2) Мій брат ненавидить кислі фрукти, тому йому більше до вподоби солодкі,
такі як черешня, персик, ананас, манго, апельсин і, особливо, кавун.
3) Іноземці полюбляють наш томатний сік, тому що в далеких країнах не
ростуть помідори та інші овочі та фрукти, такі як картопля, буряк, гарбуз,
слива, абрикос, полуниця, вишня, черешня, малина, груша, виноград,
яблуко, диня.
4) У моєї бабусі на городі можна знайти майже всі види овочів: спаржа,
баклажани, цибуля, часник, кукурудза, перець, кріп, петрушка, редька,
горох, капуста, огірок.
5) На мій погляд лише дійсний гурман по-справжньому може оцінити
незвичайний суп з квасолею, цикорієм, цибулею-порей, салатом-латук,
грибами, петрушкою, щавлем, шпінатом та картоплею.
6) - Який вигляд має броколі? – Це вид капусти, схожий на цвітну, але
зеленого кольору. – А що з неї готують? – Краще зварити суп, додавши
картоплі, моркви, цибулі та пастернаку.
7) Борщ можна приготувати навіть коли немає буряка. Просто додайте щавлю
та капусти до звичайних компонентів і отримаєте зелений борщ. Його
краще подавати зі сметаною та вареним вкруту яйцем.
8) Мій улюблений салат дуже зручно робити восени, бо тоді є всі потрібні
овочі: помідори, солодкий перець, огірки, капуста, от тільки зеленої цибулі
немає, та замість неї можна використати цибулю-порей.
Meat
Part 3
A. This is a short section, in case you are a vegetarian! Which of these kinds of
meat are your favourite ones? Which wouldn't you eat for a million dollars?
1. a joint of beef 10. veal escalope 19. lamb's brains
2. beefsteak 11. a shoulder of veal 20. sheep's head
3. stewing 12. lamb chops 21. pig's kidney
4. oxtail 13. a leg of pork 22. pig’s blood
5. ox tongue 14. pork sausages 23. a shoulder of
6. offal 15. calf's liver mutton
7. giblets 16. calf's heart
8. a fillet of beef 17. haggis
9. veal cutlets 18. calf's foot
Note that the pig is also responsible for providing us with cured and smoked meat:
ham, gammon and bacon.
B. What do we call the meat of these animals?
calf deer sheep pig
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Poultry
Part 4
These are birds which can be eaten but are not hunted with a shotgun. Read the
questions and select or write the appropriate answer for each of them.
A. Which of these five birds is white in the northern hemisphere but can be black in
Australia?
a) chicken b) turkey c) swan d) goose e) duck
B. What is eaten with each of the above types of poultry in your country?
Game
Part 5
Game is the group name for the wild animals and birds, which are hunted and then
eaten (rabbits, hares etc.). Select or write an answer for each question.
A. One of these meats is not from a bird. Which is it?
a) pheasant b) venison c) partridge d) pigeon e) grouse
f) red grouse g) hazel grouse
B. How popular is this type of food in your country?
C. Should shooting game as a sport be encouraged or discouraged?
Fish
Part 6
A. Read the questions and select the appropriate answer(s) for each of them.
Which of these would you describe as white fish and which is oily?
1. sole 13. pike 25. sprats
2. cod 14. perch 26. pike perch
3. plaice / flounder 15. hake 27. shark
4. trout 16. whiting 28. sea horse
5. haddock 17. sardine 29. bullhead
6. salmon 18. carp 30. sheatfish
7. humpback salmon 19. catfish 31. tadpole
8. eel 20. halibut, turbot 32. tuna
9. mackerel 21. sturgeon
10. herring 22. zander
11. soft roe 23. crucian (carp)
12. hard roe 24. roach
B. Some of the above fish are freshwater fish, that is to say they spend all or most of
their life in a river. Some are sea fish. Underline the freshwater fish.
C. Ring your favourites in the list of fish in part A. Then select how you like each
of them cooked.
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1. grilled 6. scalloped 11. in a soup
2. fried 7. stuffed 12. in a stew
3. boiled 8. baked 13. raw
4. jellied 9. smoked
5. salted 10. in a sauce
D. One of these is not an example of shellfish (seafood). Which one?

1) crab (crab sticks) 2) lobster 3) shrimp 4) prawn 5) oyster 6) cockle
7) mussel 8) kipper 9) crayfish 10) squid 11) clam 12) laminaria
E. Which are fish and which are usually called seafood?

prawns sardines squid oysters mackerel mussels hake
crab plaice trout lobster cod sole whiting
Cereals and grasses

Part 7
A. Choose the correct word from the list of cereals 1-11 to the statements a) to f).
1. wheat 4. rye 7. oatmeal 10. millet
2. maize 5. barley 8. rice 11. lentils
3. buckwheat 6. semolina 9. pearl-barley
a) Most porridge is made of it. It is also used to feed horses.
b) It is the staple diet in the East.
c) It provides corn on the cob, a lot of cornflour, and American whisky.
d) It is used to make black bread, cattle feed and some kinds of American whisky.
e) It is used a lot in brewing and soups and malt is made from it.
f) It is used to make white bread and most pasta.
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B. Match the pictures with the right names of cereal.
……….. barley
……….. rice ……….. millet
……….. maize ……….. wheat
……….. rye ……….. oats
Pasta and bread

Part 8
A. Talking of pasta, below are a few of the approximately thirty types that are most
commonly eaten. Ring those that you like most.
1. spaghetti 11.brown bread 21. rusk 31. pie
2. macaroni 12.wheat bread 22. cake 32. tart
3. noodles 13.rye bread 23. biscuit 33. layer cake
4. ravioli 14. roll 24. pancake 34. bagel
5. tortilla 15. cracker 25. crepe 35. bialy
6. muffin 16. croissant 26. pita 36. vermicelli
7. lasagne 17. bun 27. rigatoni 37. curd fritter
8. wafer (waffle) 18. honey-cake 28. long loaf /cottage cheese
9. a loaf of bread 19. cookie 29. sponge cake pancake
10. wholemeal bread 20. doughnut 30. dumpling
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B. Study the pictures of various types of breads. Write the correct word next to each
picture by filling in the missing letters. You may use your dictionary.
1. _ _ n _ _ k 2. m _ _ _ i _ 3. _ _ n
_
4. _ r _ _ s _ _ _ _ 5. _ _ t _ 6. _ _ g _ _
7. b _ _ l _ 8. _ o _ _ _ _ _ a 9. _ _ _ fl
10. _ _ _ f 11. _ _ a _ k _ _ 12. _ _ _ pe
Imagine that you must describe bread to somebody who has never seen, smelled, or tasted
it. Try to do it in 5 sentences.
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Herbs, spices and nuts
Part 9
A. Which of these herbs do you like to use in your cooking? What sort of food do you
use them with?
1. garlic 8. thyme 15. carraway seeds
2. marjoram 9. bay leaf 16. coriander
3. mint 10. mustard 17. saffron
4. chives 11. oregano
5. parsley 12. tarragon
6. horse-radish 13. sage
7. rosemary 14. basil
B. Which of these spices would you find it difficult to live without?

1. black / red pepper 6. vanilla 11. ginger
2. corn black pepper 7. paprika 12. cloves (pl.)
3. chilli 8. celery roots 13. vinegar
4. nutmeg 9. cayenne pepper
5. cinnamon 10. curry
C. Do you agree that if the ingredients of the meal have the proper taste you don't
need all that seasoning?
D. What nuts do you usually use in cooking?
1. almond 5. cardamom 9. pistachio
2. walnut 6. hazel nut 10. acorn
3. groundnut (peanut) 7. nutmeg 11. cedar nut
4. chestnut 8. Sesame seeds 12. pecan
E. Write the letter of the correct answer next to each brief definition.
a) cinnamon; b) sage; c) horse-radish; d) allspice; e) parsley; f) dill; g) ginger; h)
mustard; i) oregano; j) basil; k) fennel; l) nutmeg.
1. ______ Spice named because it seems to combine the taste of several spices.
2. ______ Herb from the mint family; leaves are used to flavor tomatoes and many
Italian foods.
3. ______ Yellowish-brown spice from the inner bark of the cassia tree; used in
pastries.
4. ______ Herb, whose seeds and leaves are used to flavour foods, particularly pickles.
5. ______ Tall herb of parsley family, whose licorice flavoured seeds are used in
seasoning.
6. ______ Aromatic plant whose roots are crushed for spice; used in pastries and soda
pop.
7. ______ Plant of mustard family; pungent roots are so strong that they can make your
eyes water.
8. ______ Hot, sharp-tasting yelow spice made from ground seeds of this plant.
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9. ______ Hard seed grated and used as a spice.
10. ______ Plant of mint family whose leaves are used as a spice, especially in pizza.
11. ______ Herb whose leaves are eaten raw or used in soups and other dishes; a breath
sweetener.
12. ______ Aromatic leaves used in meats and stuffing.
Fats
Part 10
Which do you use in cooking / seasoning?
1. vegetable oil 4. mayonnaise 7. lard
2. butter 5. olive oil 8. ketchup
3. margarine 6. maize oil
Dairy products
Part 11
A. Which of them do you prefer?
1. milk 6. cottage cheese (Am. 12. koumiss
2. kefir curd) 13. fat / semi-skimmed
3. ryazhenka 7. sour cream / skimmed milk
(fermented baked 8. cream
milk) 9. processed cheese
4. yoghurt 10. condensed milk
5. cheese 11. brynza
B. Do you use them in cooking? When?

C. Write the following kinds of foods:
1) B __ __ T __ __ 4) M __ __ K
2) E __ __ S 5) C __ __ __ M
3) C__ __ __ __ __ E
Exercise 3
Complete the table by giving five more examples for each category:
Types of food
Fruit oranges
Berries blackberry
Vegetables carrots
Legumes beans
Cereals oats
Dairy products milk
Meat beef
Poultry chicken
Nuts almond
Spices / herbs rosemary
Fish salmon
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Shellfish lobster
Pasta noodles
Fats olive oil
Exercise 4
Match the word with the definition.
a) pasta 1. domestic birds
b) cereal 2. sorts of substance, nutmeg, cinnamon, etc used to
flavour food
c) spice 3. any kind of grain used for food
d) dairy products 4. paste prepared from flour, eggs and water mixed
and dried
e) poultry 5. flesh of animals and birds hunted for food
f) game 6. piece of bread or biscuit baked hard and crisp
g) ham 7. salted herring, dried or smoked
h) kipper 8. upper part of a pig’s leg, salted and dried or
smoked
i) rusk 9. a general term for anything that people eat
j) food 10. milk, cheese, cream etc
Exercise 5
Group the words below under the following headings.
1. Cereals 4. Dairy products 7. Herbs
2. Seafood 5. Fish 8. Meat
3. Poultry 6. Fruit 9. Vegetables
aubergine chicken herring onion rice thyme basil
bacon cream lamb parsley rye trout grape
blackberry dill maize pear sage veal mutton
bean kefir mint peas salmon wheat rabbit
barley gooseberry mustard plaice sausage yoghurt sole
broccoli watermelon turkey peaches cheese butter beef
eggs cabbage cucumber turnip lettuce prawns mussels
apricot strawberry clam catfish goose bay leaf eel
Exercise 6
Find one odd word in each of the lines below.
cottage cheese lard sour cream yoghurt milk
noodles rice spaghetti macaroni vermicelli
roll bun biscuit rye bread corn flakes
millet waffles buckwheat semolina pearl-barley
swan trout salmon herring plaice
crab lobster shrimp sole oysters
chicken turkey pheasant goose duck
mayonnaise margarine olive oil lard maize oil
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mutton sheep pork beef veal
caramel ice-cream biscuit candy chocolate
nutmeg hazel nut chilli almond groundnut
parsley radish bay leaf dill garlic
raspberry gooseberry currant grapefruit strawberry
grapes melon water melon lemon walnut
tangerine aubergine squash cauliflower beans
Listening
Listen to the tape and write the answers to these questions.
1. Describe a lemon. Tell how it tastes and smells.
______________________________________________________________________
2. How do chilli peppers taste?
______________________________________________________________________
3. How do people feel when they eat spicy food?
______________________________________________________________________
4. Why should people always be careful not to buy or keep a lot of bread?
______________________________________________________________________
5. When bread becomes old, how does it taste?
______________________________________________________________________
6. Why do most people not like to drink tea that has been made from an old tea bag?
______________________________________________________________________
7. What does weak tea taste like?
______________________________________________________________________
8. Why should people be careful not to put lots of soy sauce on their food?
______________________________________________________________________
9. How does food with lots of soya sauce on it taste?
______________________________________________________________________
10. Describe onions. Tell how they taste and smell.
______________________________________________________________________
11. Describe cake.
______________________________________________________________________
12. Why is it important to put sugar in a cake?
______________________________________________________________________
Exercise 7
Translate into English:
1. Короп та карась найпопулярніші види річкової риби в Україні. Цю рибу
смажать, запікають, з неі варять уху, тушкують з морквою, цибулею та
буряками.
2. Тунець та форель популярні в анломовних країнах. В кафе вам запропонують
бутерброд з тунцем та чай чи каву.
3. В мене є завжди вдома гречка, рис, перлова крупа, щоб швидко зварити суп чи
кашу.
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4. Змішайте консервовану горбушу, 1 цибулину, 1 морквину та 1 яйце, додайте
солі, червоного та чорного перцю та перемішайте. Потім покладіть суміш на
шматочки білого хліба, підсмажте на сковороді. Отримаєте чудові гарячі
бутерброди до горохового чи пшоняного супу.
5. Завжди можна додати грецькі горіхи, арахіс або ліщину в торт. Вони мають не
такий сильний смак як мигдаль чи мускатний горіх, тому не зіпсують смаку
страви.
6. Хліб швидко черствіє, тому, коли купиш свіжу буханку білого, житнього чи
чорного хліба, не забудь покласти його в хлібницю.
7. Коли готуєте м”ясо, наприклад, відбивні, котлети, тушковане м”ясо,
використовуйте такі спеції як лавровий лист, чорний та червоний перець,
майоран, розмарин, часник та інші.
8. - Як часто в твоїй сім”ї їдять молочні продукти? - Вони дуже корисні, тому
каші ми готуємо тільки з молоком, кожного дня п”ємо кефір, йогурт чи
ряжанку, іноді я готую млинці з домашнім сиром. Кожен вечір ми п”ємо чай з
м”ятою або їмо десерт з вершками.
Exercise 8
Put each of the following words into its correct place in the passage below:
animals healthy mouth play
die bowl energy knives
spoons chopsticks Europeans people
left plants daily grow
man plates
Food
Food is one of our most important …….. needs. It gives us …….. to work and …….. .
It makes us grow, and keeps our bodies strong and …….. . Without food, we …….. .
All living things – plants, …….. and man – need food to live and ……… . But only
…….. make their own food. They also provide food for animals and ………. .
Customs influence the ways ……. eat. Most Americans and ………. eat from
individual …….., using ………. , forks, and ………. . Arabs use only their ………
hands to spoon foods from a central ……… . Chinese and Japanese use ……… to pick
up food from a small bowl held close to the ……… .
Exercise 9
Do you eat to live or live to eat?
1. When you buy food, which is most important?
a) appearance b) price c) quality
2. If you buy apples, which kind do you choose?
a) red b) green c) the cheapest
3. When you have a meal, what do you enjoy it most for?
a) the food b) the company c) the relaxation d) the television
4. If you were stranded on a desert island what food would you miss most?
a) chocolate b) steak c) bread
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5. If a waiter suggests water, which do you ask for?
a) sparkling b) still c) tap
6. When you look at the menu in a restaurant, what do you usually choose?
a) a dish you know b) a dish you don’t know
7. If you are having dinner in a restaurant, will you always have a dessert?
a) yes b) no
8. If someone offered the following unusual food, which would you try?
a) a cheese-flavoured ice-cream b) strawberry-flavoured chips c) neither
9. If someone suggested a quick meal, what would you choose?
a) fast food b) a sandwich c) a picnic d) something more substantial
10. What would you be happiest to leave of your present diet?
a) meat b) vegetables and fruit c) dessert d) wine
11. If you could put flavour on stamps, what would you choose?
a) chilli b) cheese c) banana d) another e) none
13. If someone said ‘Never eat anything you can’t pronounce’ what would you say?
a) I couldn’t agree more b) Nonsense!
Add up your scores using the following table. Then look at the profile below.
1 A2 B1 C3
2 A2 B2 C1
3 A3 B2 C1 D0
4 A1 B2 C3
5 A2 B2 C1
6 A0 B2
7 A1 B2
8 A3 B2 C1
9 A0 B1 C2 D3
10 A2 B3 C1 D3
11 A1 B1 C1 D0 E0
12 A0 B3
25-30 points.
You are a true gourmet. You are adventurous in your eating habits and not afraid to try
something new. You appreciate good food and if you opened your own restaurant you
would probably be successful.
15-25 points.
You are quite conservative in your eating habits, but you know what you like and you
enjoy your food. If you tried eating a few different things you might be pleasantly
surprised.
0-15 points.
You don’t much mind what you eat as long as there is plenty of it. However, you feel
safest with foods you know. Why not try something different for a change? If you try
something new, you may find that you like it.
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 Speaking
What do you think?
• Do people live for eating or eat for living?
• How often do you eat?
• Who cooks in your family?
• How often do you cook yourselves?
• What are your most frequent dishes?
• What did you eat today in the morning?
• How often do you eat salads?
• What salads are your favourite ones?
Exercise 10
Look at the table below. What items of food or drink are sold in each type of container?
Write as many as you can.
A bottle A carton A jar A can A packet
Exercise 11
Fill in the correct word from the list below.
rasher pint loaf clove lump slice bar pinch bunch jar
1. a ……….. of salt 6. a ………..of beer
2. a ………..of garlic 7. a ………..of sugar
3. a ………..of bread 8. a ………..of cake
4. a ………..of chocolate 9. a ………..of bacon
5. a ……….. of grapes 10. a ………. of instant coffee
Exercise 12
Underline the odd word out.
1. A bar of chocolate, soap, bread
2. A carton of orange juice, bacon, milk
3. A slice of bread, ham, butter, cake
4. A cup of coffee, meat, tea, hot chocolate
5. A bowl of salad, cake, soup, cereal
6. A glass of milk, wine, beer, cheese, Coke
7. A bottle of Coke, beef, water, lemonade
8. A jar of honey, jam, potatoes, mustard
9. A bag of flour, sugar, ketchup, crisps
10. A box of vinegar, chocolates, biscuits
19
Exercise 13
Use the words from the list to fill in the dialogue among three people who are
organizing a dinner party.
kilo carton bag box tub loaves bars slices packets
Pam: What shall I get from the supermarket, then?
Frank: Well, I need a 1) ………. of carrots for the soup and a few 2) ……… of bread.
Rita: You’d better get about ten 3) ……… of ham and a 4) ………. of milk because
I’m making spaghetti carbonara for the main course. Oh, and two 5) ……… of
spaghetti. Get a 6) ……….. of margarine as well.
Pam: Do you want me to get anything for dessert?
Frank: Yes – we’ll need two 7) ………. of chocolate and a 8) …………. of sugar. I’m
going to make a chocolate cake. You’d better get a big 9) ………….. of chocolates as
well. I’ll serve them with coffee afterwards.
Pam: All right. Is that all? I’ll see you later, then.
Exercise 14
Shops
1. What shops would you go to buy these products? Match the products and the shops.
a loaf of wholemeal bread
a carton of a low-calorie yoghurt fishmonger’s
a 500g tin of baked beans
a packet of salt and vinegar flavoured crisps confectioner’s
a bunch of grapes
a barrel of English beer grocer’s
a can of Australian lager
a crate of brown ale (24 bottles) baker’s
a few sticks of celery
a jar of pickled onions butcher’s
a 5lb bag of tomatoes
a giant-sized block of ice-cream delicatessen
a nice piece of cod
a box of chocolates greengrocer’s
a cauliflower of some broccoli
2. It’s Christmas and it’s time to go shopping and buy necessary foods to lay the table.
Make up a conversation between a husband and a wife who discuss what they need to
buy.
Exercise 15
Who Owns the Fish Market?
Find the solution to the following problem together. There is a row of stores on Oak
Street, in the order shown in the picture. There are 5 owners and each store has a
different owner. The owners’ names are Mrs. Flounder, Mr. Plum, Mr. Chop, Mr.
Salami and Miss Roll.
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Mrs. Flounder is not the owner of the fish market.
Mr. Plum does not own the fruit stand.
Mr. Chop is not the butcher.
Mr. Salami does not own the delicatessen.
Miss Roll is not the baker.
Miss Roll owns one of the end stores.
Mr. Chop owns the other end store.
Mr. Chop has his store next to Mr. Plum’s.
Mr. Chop is very good friends with the owner of the fruit stand. In fact, he is hoping
that one day she will sell him her store.
Who owns each store?
_________________________________ owns the fish market.
_________________________________ owns the fruit stand.
_________________________________ owns the butcher shop.
_________________________________ owns the deli.
_________________________________ owns the bak.
Exercise 16
There are 19 words hidden in the puzzle. Find the words with your classmate.
Write the words on the lists below.
e. g. Things to eat Things to drink
Bread Water
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Z X B C P D F S C H M P Q
B P J U I C E O S P X O C
R C A K E T F D R R M T H
E B Q B C D B A Z Q I A A
A Q T W I N E Z F Z L T M
D D C L S T E A K L K O P
P F O Q N Q R X U Q Z E A
X W F S A L A D E G G S G
T B F R G C H I C K E N N
E C E R Q P S L T R I C E
A B E X L Q Y Z N R B X Q
R L W W A T E R X Z N P T
Exercise 17
Put the following eating and drinking verbs into the correct squares.
bite chew crunch drink eat gobble lick munch nibble sip swallow
Drink
Food
Exercise 18
Look at the list of verbs describing ways of eating and drinking and match them with
the different kinds of food and drink. Then, make sentences as in the example.
blow chew suck crunch swallow sip lick bite

1. ………... on hot tea. 5. ………… your food.
2. ………... a pill. 6. ………… on a mint.
3. ………… a drink. 7. ………… into an apple.
4. ………… an ice-cream cone. 8. ………… a bone.
e.g. I blow on my hot tea before I drink it.
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Exercise 19
Choose the right answer.
1) Six oranges, two grapefruits and a small …….. of grapes, please.
a) bunch b) cluster c) group d) heap
2) Don’t forget to take the ……… out of the cherries when you cook them.
a) grounds b) nuts c) seeds d) stones
3) A traditional English breakfast consists of at least two eggs and several ……… of
bacon.
a) rashers b) slices c) slivers d) strips
4) I don’t like these oranges, they have too many ……… .
a) nuts b) pips c) seeds d) stones
5) Mrs Proper told her son it was impolite to . . . . . his food so greedily.
a) digest b) gobble c) nibble d) stuff
6) Have a . . . . . of brandy, it will make you feel better.
a) bite b) sip c) swallow d) touch
Exercise 20
Part 1. Put each of the following verbs into its correct place in the sentences.
chew lick polish off swallow gnaw
consume peck at gorge digest bolt
a) The children have no appetite. They just __________ their food. They hardly eat
anything.
b) My mother always used to tell me. ‘Now make sure you ___________ meat
carefully before you _________ it.’
c) Statistics show that we _________ more fruit and meat than 10 years ago.
d) He has an enormous appetite. I’ve seen him _________ four hamburgers and a
pile of chips at a sitting.
e) As children we used to __________ ourselves on ice-cream, chips and chocolate,
and then feel very sick.
f) The starving prisoners were so desperate they would ________ any meat bones
they could find.
g) It’s not good for your body to ________ your food so quickly. Eat slowly so that
you can _______ it properly.
h) He was so hungry that when he’d finished his food, he began to ________ the
plate!
Part 2. Answer the following questions using the words from the list at the top of Part 1.
• How do people eat ice-cream cones?
• How do hungry people eat?
• How do very greedy people eat?
• How do people eat if they are not very hungry?
• How do dogs eat?
• What is a good, healthy way to eat meat?
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PART II
HEALTHY EATING
 Speaking
Look at different foods and drinks. Which are: healthy, low-fat foods; fatty foods;
junk food?
freshly-squeezed carrot juice; fried chicken; lamb & mashed potatoes; wholemeal bread;
apple juice; peaches; mushrooms; watermelon; cucumber; melon; grilled chicken, rice,
brussel sprouts, carrots; lettuce; fried egg, sausages, French fries; fruit salad; steak,
jacket potatoes, broccoli; nuts, spaghetti bolognese, garlic bread; chocolate cake;
doughnut; bacon & cheese sandwich; bread rolls; yoghurt; prawns; peas; green beans;
mussels; oil & vinegar;
What food and drink would be suitable for: a vegetarian; somebody who is on a
diet?
Do you often: eat junk food; have a snack between meals?
Do you worry about how healthy your diet is? Are you a fussy eater?
Which foods: contain a lot of calories; are rich in vitamins?
Listening
Listen and match the stars to the things they like to eat or drink.
1) Demi Moore a) bacon sandwiches
2) Helen Hunt b) fried chicken
3) Eddie Murphy c) watermelon (without seeds)
4) Whoopi Goldberg d) turkey sandwiches
5) Bill Murray e) carrot juice
6) Mickey Rourke f) poached eggs
 Reading
Read the article and for questions 1-5, choose the best answer A, B, C or D. Then,
explain the words in bold.
What Do the Stars Eat?
Film stars are everyone’s favourite subject. People love to talk about what they’re
wearing, who they’re dating, and how much money they make. But have you ever
wondered about what they eat?
Chefs and caterers on film sets have the answers. “Every actor has different eating
habits,” says Chef John Sharp. “Some stars love meat, while others are strict
vegetarians who don’t eat meat or fish. Some stars love junk food, while others are
constantly on a diet and eat only healthy foods.”
Ninety-nine per cent of the time, actresses are on a diet and insist on eating only
low-fat foods. During the filming of Now and Then, Demi Moore ate nothing but
Basmati rice, steamed spinach, green beans with lemon, and turkey sandwiches on
wholemeal bread. During the filming of Twister, Helen Hunt only ate low-calorie foods,
including poached eggs, dry toast, and steamed brown rice with vegetables.
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Other stars love to eat junk food and never count calories during their meals. Eddie
Murphy’s favourite food is Kentucky Fried Chicken. Whoopi Goldberg doesn’t worry
about how healthy her diet is, and loves fatty bacon sandwiches with lettuce,
mayonnaise and lots of butter.
One thing for sure is that cooking for the stars is never easy, because they are often
fussy eaters. “They want food fixed exactly the way they like it and always have
something to complain about,” says caterer Susan Tate. Bill Murray won’t eat
watermelon with seeds in it, and Mickey Rourke insists on freshly-squeezed carrot juice
twice a day, but he won’t drink it if it sits for more than six minutes.
Cooking for the stars is hard work, but few of these caterers ever think about
changing jobs. “I love my work,” says Susan Tate. “Where else can I see what Michelle
Pfeiffer eats for breakfast or what Al Pacino has for a snack?”
Vocabulary Practice
Exercise 1.
1. Vegetarians don’t eat … D. Bill Murray
A. junk food
B. vegetables 4. Cooking for the stars is …
C. meat A. boring
D. healthy foods B. difficult
2. Most actresses don’t eat … C. easy
A. low-fat foods D. scary
B. sandwiches
C. fatty foods 5. Caterers on film sets should…
D. steamed vegetables A. be fussy eaters
3. Who likes junk food? B. prepare only healthy food
A. Eddie Murphy C. change their jobs often
B. Demi Moore D. fix food the way each star likes it.
C. Susan Tate
Exercise 2. Fill in the words from the list, then make sentences using the completed
phrases.
dry, foods, eating, junk, freshly-squeezed, calories, poached, steamed, strict
1. … habits 6. … toast
2. … brown rice 7. to count …
3. … food 8. … carrot juice
4. low-fat … 9. … vegetarians
5. … eggs
Exercise 3. Fill in the correct preposition, then make sentences using the completed
phrases.
1) … film sets; 2) … a diet; 3) ninety-nine per cent … the time; 4) to insist … sth; 5) to
worry … sth; 6) to cook … sb; 7) to complain … sth; 8) to think … sth
Exercise 4. Translate the following text into English:
Найулюбленіша тема всіх людей – це їжа. Ви коли-небудь цікавилися тим, що
їдять зірки кіно? Їхні шеф-повари та люди, що забеспечують їх їжею, говорять, що
25
їхні звички щодо харчування – різні. Серед них є і ті, що їдять швидко, і затяті
вегетаріанці, і ті, що постійно на дієтах. Зазвичай, такі наполягають на нежирній
їжі, а саме варений на пару рис, молодий шпінат, висівковий хліб, яйця пашот.
Інші не рахують калорії і не хвилюються про здоровий раціон. Вони їдять багато
майонезу, вершкового масла та бутербродів. Якщо подати їжу не так як вони
люблять, то зірки кіно будуть скаржитися. Деякі вимагають подавати кавун без
кісточок і хочуть, щоб свіжo вижатий сік не стояв більше 6 хвилин.
 Reading
Read the title of the article. Use it to figure out what the article might be about.
To meat or not to meat
The term ‘vegetarianism’ became part of the English lexicon around 1847. There
are several reasons for people to be vegetarians. Although vegetarianism is not
common in Western cultures, some groups, such as Hindus and Buddhists, have been
practising it as part of their religions for hundreds of years. For others, it is a moral
choice. These advocates of vegetarianism believe that killing animals for food is
inhumane. And still others who have turned away from eating meat believe that a non-
meat diet is more healthful. Meat, especially red meat, is high in saturated fats and
cholesterol, which can lead to heart attacks.
Some vegetarians are “hardliners” and refuse to eat any meat, seafood, or animal
products, such as eggs or milk. Others draw the line at red meat and poultry, but allow
themselves dairy products and fish.
Because it is a good source of protein and other essential nutrients, meat is a valued
part of the Western diet. However, it is possible to get our daily allowance of protein
through non-meat sources such as vegetables, legumes, grains, and dairy products
without consuming as much of the harmful fats. For example, one cup of lentils
provides fifteen grams of protein and almost no fat. Two ounces of hamburger also
provide fifteen grams of protein along with twelve grams of fat! However, one
potential problem in a vegetarian diet is getting the proper balance of all nutrients.
Vegetarians must be especially careful they get enough iron and B vitamins.
Although no one can definitively prove the superiority of a meatless diet, all
nutritionists agree that fruits and vegetables are essential to any diet.
Do you know:
• who vegetarians are?
• what essential nutrients meat products contain?
Are you a vegetarian? Are there any moral, religious or health issues involved?
Have you ever considered modifying your diet? Why? Why not?
Name all possible advantages and disadvantages of fruit and vegetable diet.
 Reading
Read the text and be ready to discuss it. Translate the underlined words and use them in
the sentences of your own.
26
FOOD
“you are what you eat”
Food is fuel. Our minds and bodies depend on it for the energy to be healthy and
strong. Not just any food will do, though, and a bad diet can be positively unhealthy.
What is a healthy diet?
Let’s begin with the most basic questions of all… What is it in food which our minds
and bodies need? Well, the answer comes in six parts: - Carbohydrates – Protein – Fat –
Vitamins – Minerals – Fibre.
Naturally, different foods contain different amounts and combinations of these six.
Some are high in protein or carbohydrates, for example, while others are low in fibre or
fat. It can all seem very confusing, it isn’t really. All you need to know are a few simple
facts, then it’s easy to:
(a) avoid what’s bad for you;
(b) choose a balanced, healthy diet.
Fibre
Adults need 30 grammes of fibre per day. Why? Because it helps the digestive system
to work properly and protects it against diseases like cancer. Here’s a list of foods which
have a high fibre content (notice that they’re all grown either directly or originally in the
ground): - Vegetables – Nuts – Cereals – Beans – Fruit – Wholemeal bread – Pasta.
Fat
There are two kinds of fat – saturated and unsaturated. The healthy kind is unsaturated
and you can find this in fish which contain a lot of oil (e.g. trout and mackerel), nuts,
soya oil and some kinds of margarine. Saturated fat, on the other hand, is found in meat,
dairy products, crisps, cakes, biscuits and chocolate. Too much of this variety can cause
your body serious problems.
Here’s how:
(a) Fat contains a lot of calories and too much of these can make you overweight.
Seriously overweight people often suffer from a long list of health problems.
(b) Fat also contains cholesterol. Too much of this can gradually start to block your
arteries. This means that your heart has to work harder than usual to pump blood around
your body. The result: heart disease and in some severe cases, heart attacks.
To reduce the saturated fat in your diet: (1) Grill food, don’t fry it; (2) Choose low-fat
products (cheeses, milk, etc.) whenever possible.
How much fat is too much for healthy eating?
If you want to increase your chance of staying healthy, reduce fat in your diet. There
is small doubt that many Australians eat too much fat. Still, fat is not all bad. Dietary fat
carries vitamins A, D, E and K and supplies energy as well as fatty acids essential to
proper nutrition.
Often fat improves the taste of food. It helps to produce the comfortable feeling of fullness
after meals, which delays the return of hunger and discourages overeating. So we all need fat
in our diets: many of us just get too much.
27
What can you do to reduce dietary fat, and why is this important? And how much fat
is too much?
Your dietary fat should not exceed 60g of fat. In fact, the body’s need for fat can be
met by as little as 15-25g of the substance each day.
How much are you getting? An average Australian consumes daily 80-90g of fat. This
is worrying because high-fat diets lead to weight gain and increased risks of illness.
Excess weight is unhealthy. As your weight increases; so do your risks. Although
eating too much of any food can cause a weight gain, it is easier to gain weight by
eating foods high in fat.
Sugar
Sugar contains energy (in the form of calories), but that’s all. Very sweet foods don’t
give you any vitamins, minerals, fibre, fat or protein. So, although sweets, cakes, cola
drinks and chocolate are delicious, they are not very healthy – they cause obesity and
they’re also bad for your teeth. If you’d like to reduce the amount of sugar in your diet,
here are some tips to help you.
• Eat more fruit (it contains all the sugar your body needs) and fewer cakes,
biscuits and chocolate.
• Reduce (or preferably cut out completely) the sugar you take in tea/coffee.
• Choose breakfast cereals which are less “sugary”.
Salt
On average we eat about 10 grammes of salt per day. Twenty-five per cent of this
consists of the salt we add to food ourselves. Twenty-five per cent occurs naturally in
our diet. Fifty per cent is added to products by food manufacturers.
How much salt do we actually need? The answer is one gramme per day. Too much
salt causes high blood pressure, which increases the risk of heart attacks and strokes.
Here are some ways to reduce the amount of salt in your diet:
• When you buy tinned vegetables, look for ones with “No added salt” on the
label.
• Eat fewer crisps, salted peanuts, etc.
• Don’t add salt to food (a) while you are cooking it, (b) at the table.
• Add lemon juice, herbs or spices instead.
General Advice
1. Eat less salt, sugar and saturated fat.
2. Eat more raw fruit and vegetables, wholemeal bread and other foods rich in fiber.
3. Check the “Contents” labels on packets and tins to see what they actually contain.
4. If you want to lose weight, do it gradually. People who lose weight quickly
usually put it back on quickly, too.
5. Eat regularly – your body needs a steady flow of energy.
6. Drink five or six glasses of water per day.
7. Get plenty of variety in your diet.
8. Enjoy your food!
28
Exercise 1
Fill in the missing words:
1) Adults need ……… grammes of fibre per day.
2) There are two kinds of fat – ………….. and ……………. . The healthy kind is
…………… and you can find this in …… which contain a lot of oil (e.g. …… and
……….), ……., …………… and some kinds of ……………. . ……………. fat, on
the other hand, is found in ………, ……………., ……., ………, ………… and
……….. .
3) Your dietary fat should not exceed …….. of fat. In fact, the body’s need for fat can
be met by as little as …………. of the substance each day.
4) Excess weight is ……….. . As your weight increases; so do your risks. Eating too
much of any food can cause a ……….. …….. .
5) Although sweets, cakes, cola drinks and chocolate are delicious, they are not very
healthy – they can cause ………. and they’re also bad for your …….. .
6) On average we eat about …… grammes of salt per day.
7) Eat less ……., ……. and ………. fat. Eat more raw ……… and ……………,
………….. bread and other foods rich in ………. .
8) Drink ……. or ……. glasses of water per day.
Exercise 2
Write 10 questions on the text using the following words and phrases:
a balanced healthy diet, to be healthy and strong, carbohydrates, protein, fat, vitamins,
minerals, fibre, a digestive system, to be high in, to protect against, vegetables, nuts,
cereals, beans, fruit, wholemeal bread, pasta, to pump blood around one’s body,
saturated and unsaturated fats, to contain, to suffer from, to block one’s arteries, to eat
regularly, to cause high blood pressure, cholesterol, to make someone overweight, heart
disease / attacks.
Then discuss them in pairs.
Exercise 3
Give the English equivalents to the following words:
Паливо, вуглевод, білок, жир, клітковина, система органів травлення, хліб з
висівками, макаронні вироби, насичені жири, молочні продукти, такий, що має
зайву вагу, холестерин, качати кров, смачний, ожиріння, порада, у середньому.
Exercise 4
Жителі Середземномор’я не знають надлишкової ваги завдяки особливій
системі харчування. Її можна зобразити у вигляді піраміди, основа котрої –
висівковий хліб, рис, гречка, кукурудза, картопля; другий щабель – фрукти, овочі,
бобові; третій – морепродукти, маслинова олія і легке вино (в основному червоне
вино у дуже помірних дозах); четвертий – молоко, твердий сир, йогурт. Все це
продукти щоденного споживання.
29
Далі – риба, м’ясо птиці, яйця, солодощі (їх вживають 2-3 рази на тиждень), і
на самій вершині піраміди – червоне м’ясо (його їдять і того рідше, у невеликій
кількості).
 Reading
You hear word “vitamin” every day but do you know what “vitamin” is? Is it a
microbe? Can you explain? What other nutrients do you know?
A. Read this article taken from 1993 World Book Health and Medical Annual and
find out what vitamins our food contains.
What Our Food Contains
Practising good dietary habits over a lifetime is a key ingredient to living long and well.
Research has shown that various nutrients play especially important roles in warding off
illnesses and minimizing the normal effects of growing older. Some nutrients seem to
boost the immune system. Others act as antioxidants, molecules that help prevent the
damage caused by three radicals.
Beta-carotene is an antioxidant and is also thought to be an immune-system booster. It
is found in such foods as apricots, cantaloupe, carrots and orange or leafy green
vegetables.
Vitamin C, found in citrus fruits, strawberries, potatoes, and tomatoes, is another
antioxidant and may also help prevent cataracts (clouding of the lens of the eye).
Vitamin D, found in fish oils and such fish as tuna, salmon, cod, and herring, may help
protect against breast and colon cancer. It also enhances absorption of calcium, an
important nutrient.
Vitamin E, another antioxidant, is a nutrient in many foods and is abundant in
vegetable oils and olives. It may be especially helpful in preventing the build-up of fatty
deposits in arteries.
Calcium, which occurs naturally in leafy green vegetables, milk products, and legumes,
such as soybeans, helps prevent osteoporosis.
Fibre, found in whole grains, legumes, fruits, and vegetables, may decrease the risk of
colon and breast cancer.
 Speaking
B. What do you think?
• Why do we need to eat foods containing different kinds of vitamins and minerals?
• What vitamin may prevent cataracts?
• What products may contain vitamin C?
• What vitamins may help to protect against breast cancer?
• What enhances absorption of calcium?
• What vitamin may prevent the build-up of fatty deposits in arteries?
• What mineral may decrease the risk of osteoporosis?
• What products may contain vitamin E?
• What nutrient seems to boost the immune system?
30
Exercise 1
Translate the following sentences into English:
1) Вегетаріанці вважають дієту без м’яса більш здоровою, тому вони
відмовляються їсти будь-які м’ясні, морські, тваринні і молочні продукти, а
отримують всі поживні речовини завдяки овочам і фруктам.
2) Захисники вегетаріанства вірять, що вбивати тварин заради їжі – негуманно.
3) Червоне м”ясо містить багато насичених жирів і холестерину, які можуть
призвести до серцевого нападу.
4) Вітамін С – це антиоксидант, який може запобігти катаракті (затемненню
кришталика ока); багато вітаміну С знаходиться в фруктах, картоплі, томатах
та інших овочах.
5) Бета-каротин – це імуномодулятор та антиоксидант, що допомагає запобігти
шкоді, спричиненій вільними радикалами.
6) Якщо у вас добре збалансоване харчування, то ви отримуєте всі необхідні
важливі поживні речовини, які запобігають різним захворюванням та
підтримують імунну систему.
7) Якщо ви хочете збільшити ваші шанси залишитися здоровим, зменшуйте
кількість насиченого жиру у вашій дієті, вживайте лише натуральні продукти,
багаті на вітаміни, мінерали та протеїн – будівельний матеріал.
Grammar. Conditional sentences.

Part A. When we talk about what may happen in the future if a certain condition
occurs, we can use the first conditional.
If Maria eats shrimp, she’ll get sick.

Some people think that if they eat lobster, they will live for a long time.
What effects do different foods have? Finish the sentence using the table.
• If you drink coffee, ___________________________________________________
• If you eat too much candy, _____________________________________________
• If you never drink milk or eat cheese, _____________________________________
• You won’t get strong if ________________________________________________
• You might live to a very old age if _______________________________________
• If you eat plenty of fruit and vegetables, ___________________________________
• You’ll get strong if ____________________________________________________
Part B. Work with a partner. You know already about the relationship between food
and vitamins. Brainstorm a list of foods and the vitamins they contain. Then, using the
conditional, make sentences showing the effects of eating or not eating these foods. Use
the previous exercise as an example.
31
 Reading
You are going to read a newspaper article about unhealthy food. Six paragraphs have
been removed from the article. Choose from paragraphs A – G the one which fits each
gap (1-5). There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use. There is an
example at the beginning (0).
Junk Food
In today’s fast–moving world, people have less and less time to spend eating, let alone
cooking. It is probably for this reason that junk food has become so popular, and there’s
no doubt that it’s here to stay. In fact, it seems that you simply can’t get away from it.
One British hotel group recently announced that its guests are able to order fast food
through room service, a move which is seen by many as signifying a new era in the
couch potato lifestyle. So what exactly is junk food?
0 B
Obviously, a diet of junk food is not the best thing for your health, particularly as it is
high in saturated fat. In 1993, the Journal of National Cancer Institute reported this
type of fat to be associated with a greater risk of cancer.
1
The best advice, then, for those who cannot live without their hamburgers or chocolate
bars, is to limit the amount of junk food they eat. A little now and then will probably do
no harm. But why have our eating habits changed? “It’s lack of time and loss of
tradition”, says one expert.
2
Another alarming thing about people’s lifestyle today is that while the amount of junk
food we eat has increased, the amount of exercise we do has actually decreased.
Exercise plays an important part in keeping the body fit and healthy; it helps to control
our weight and, if taken regularly, can also decrease our chances of having a heart
attack in later life.
3
Even though people nowadays are actually far more aware of the importance of exercise
and healthy diet than they were a few years ago, the new unhealthy way of life is
surprisingly popular. This is illustrated by statistics gathered by researchers over the
past two decades.
4
Researchers suggest that the new generation will be much more likely to suffer from
heart and liver disease. What can’t be emphasized enough is the fact that a balanced diet
and regular exercise bring significant health benefits.
5
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Ironically, if they were to make time to exercise and improve their eating habits, they
would probably find that they were far better equipped to deal with their stressful
lifestyles than they are now.
A. Recent research has shown that young French people, who prefer burgers and
chips to rich gourmet dishes, tend to become overweight. Weight gained in
adolescence is extremely hard to lose in later life, so researchers are predicting
that the new French generation is not going to be admired for their slim figures as
the French have traditionally been.
B. Basically, it is anything that is high in calories but lacking in nutrition.
Hamburgers, crisps, chocolate bars and hot dogs fall into this category. Pizzas,
although they can have vegetable and cheese toppings, are also included as they
contain a lot of fat.
C. Not all junk food is bad for your health, however. Some hamburgers, for
example, are very high in nutrients and low in fat. It is just a question of finding
out what goes into the food before you decide to eat it.
D. Apart from the risk of cancer, another side effect of consuming highly fattening
junk food is that you are likely to gain weight. This is especially true because you
tend to eat more, as junk food is less satisfying and lower in vital nutrients than
healthier food.
E. You can gain anything from glowing skin to an all-round feeling of good health.
One way or another, the vast majority of people seem to be missing out on this,
due mainly to the pressure of modern life.
F. What is more, you don’t have to exercise much to gain visible benefits. Doctors
say that twenty minutes’ exercise three times a week is all that is necessary.
G. He explains that people are too busy to cook and eat proper meals, so they grab
whatever is available – and that is usually junk food. Also, the style of life
represented on TV, especially in music videos, is fast. Young people pick up the
idea that speed means excitement, whereas anything traditional is slow and
boring. As a result, they turn down traditional food and go for junk food instead.
Vocabulary Practice
Exercise 1. Look at the words in bold and try to explain them.
Exercise 2. Fill in the correct word(s) from the list below:
let alone, signify, nutrients, rejecting, gain, limit, predicting, glowing skin,
research, adolescence, consume, tend to
1. Vegetables are an essential part of our diet as they contain a lot of ……… (healthy
substances)
2. I don’t even know what a breadfruit looks like, …………….. what it tastes like!
(not to mention)
3. You should …………. the amount of chocolate you eat if you want to lose weight.
(restrict)
4. The stars on the label …………… that the brandy is of the best quality. (mean)
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5. Scientific …………….. has shown that saturated fats are a major cause of cancer.
(investigation)
6. People who eat lots of sweets ………………… have dental problems. (are likely to)
7. Jill is overweight because she ate so much junk food during her …………… .
(teenage years)
8. Her …………………….. is a result of all the fruit and vegetables she eats. (healthy-
looking complexion)
9. More and more people are …………………. meat in favor of more fruit and
vegetables. (not accepting)
10. Unless you cut down on junk food and sweets, you will …………………… weight!
(put on)
11. Nutritionists are ……………………………… that junk food consumption will
increase in the near future. (foreseeing)
12. Young people …………………… large amount of carbonated drinks with their
meals. (take in)
Exercise 3. Fill in the correct word(s) from the list below. Use the words only once.
room, eating, gourmet, fast-moving, vast, couch-potato, balanced, the pressure,
chocolate, to do, heart, high, junk, to keep, saturated, side
1. a(n) …………………. world 9. ……………………… of modern life

2. ……………………… bars 10. ………………………. fat
3. a(n) …………………. lifestyle 11. ………………………. service
4. ……………………… the body fit 12. ………………………. no harm
5. ……………………… in calories 13. a(n)…………………… diet
6. ………………………. food 14. ……………………….. dishes
7. ………………………. habits 15. the……………………. majority
8. ………………………. disease 16. ……………………….. effects
Exercise 4. Choose the correct item.

1. As he didn’t want to cook, he decided to ………. a pizza instead.
A. ask for B. demand C. order D. command
2. She had no time to go out for lunch so she ………… a snack instead.
A. grabbed B. snatched C. took D. bit
3. I hope I won’t …………….. weight while I’m on holiday.
A. earn B. win C. put D. gain
4. After the Christmas holidays, I am going on a ………. because some of my
favorite clothes don’t fit me any more.
A. diet B. fast C. nutrition D. health
Exercise 5. Fill in the correct preposition, then choose any five items and make
sentences.
1) to be popular ….. sb; 2) to be high ….. calories; 3) to be associated ….. sb/sth;
4) to be aware … sth; 5) to suffer ….. sth; 6) to deal ….. sb/sth; 7) to be lacking …..
sth; 8) the loss ….. sb/sth; 9) to miss out ….. sth; 10) to prefer sb/sth ….. sb/sth else.
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 Speaking
Speak about the following:
- Reasons for the popularity of junk food
- Danger of eating junk food
- Positive effects of eating healthy food
Then, give a short talk about junk food. Use the following expressions: Although,
Moreover, However, In spite of the fact that, I believe, I think, In my opinion, etc.
Exercise 6. Translate into English:
1) Тривожним сигналом щодо малорухомого способу життя є те, що кількість
нездорової їжі, яку ми споживаємо, збільшується, а кількість вправ, які ми
робимо, зменшується.
2) Широкий загал людей споживає нездорову їжу, яка багата на калорії, проте
бідна на життєво необхідні поживні речовини.
3) Молоді люди споживають велику кількість газованої води.
4) Дієтологи передбачають, що в найближчому майбутньому споживання
неповноцінної їжі зросте.
5) Наші звички щодо харчування змінилися через нестачу часу та втрату
традицій; люди хапають те, що є в наявності, а це, як правило, некорисна їжа.
Pre-reading
• Look at the title of the text and say what you think it is about.
• Guess whether the following statements are true or false, then read quickly through
the text and see if your guesses were correct.
a) Chocolate makes us feel depressed.
b) Sugar causes tooth decay.
c) Cheese and cream are rich in calcium.
d) Tea helps you sleep well.
 Reading
You are going to read an article about some different types of food and drink. For
questions 1-13, choose the answers from items A-F. Each item may be chosen more
than once. There is an example at the beginning (0).
A Chocolate
B Sugar
C Meat
D Cheese and Cream
E Butter
F Coffee and Tea
Which type (s) of food or drink:
Is quickly turned into energy? 0 _B__
Can keep you awake if consumed 1 ____ 2 ____

late in the day?
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Can improve your mood? 3 ____
Fills you up and keeps you from 4 ____

eating much?
May lead to weight gain if eaten 5 ____ 6 ____ 7 ____

in excess?
Can help to prevent a disease of 8 ____

the bones?
May cause a type of cancer? 9 ____
Help you to concentrate? 10 ____ 11 ____
May lead to heart problems? 12 ____
Has no nutritional value? 13 ____
EAT, DRINK… AND DON’T BE SORRY

In ancient Greek times, Epicurus lived by the philosophy, “Eat, drink and merry, and
let tomorrow take care of itself!” Sadly, nowadays our instinct to enjoy ourselves has
been replaced with feelings of guilt about what we should or shouldn’t eat. But just how
damaging are all those ‘harmful’ foods we find so tempting? Let’s look more closely
at the good and bad sides of some of our favourites.
Chocolate contains mind stimulants which help concentration and boost the
brain’s level of serotonin, a chemical that makes us feel good. Chocolate is also rich in
iron, magnesium and potassium. On the down side, it is high in fat and calories and can
interrupt sleep if eaten in the evenings.
Sugar is converted into energy more quickly than any other food, so it is hard for the
body to store it as fat. Studies have shown that it makes you feel full more quickly, so
you are less likely to overeat. Eating sugar at breakfast time has been shown to improve
concentration and memory in the morning. The bad news is that sugar causes tooth
decay and contains no useful nutrients.
Meat is an important food as it is a major source of protein, vitamin B and essential
minerals. However, it also contributes a quarter of our daily fat intake. A high intake of
red meat can lead to colon cancer, and beef is blamed for Creutzfeldt - Jakob Disease,
an illness which affects the brains of humans.
Cheese and cream are rich in calcium and vitamin D, which help to protect the
system against osteoporosis, a bone disease affecting a third of all European women
over 60. Unfortunately, butter is almost pure saturated fat, and is very high in calories.
Eating it is thought to lead to hardening of the arteries, which is known to cause heart
attacks and strokes.
Coffee and tea contain caffeine, which increases alertness. Tea contains tannin and
flavanoids which help prevent heart disease. On the other hand, since they are
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stimulants they can interrupt sleep and relaxation and therefore shouldn’t be drunk in
the evenings.
It seems, then, that we can feel free to enjoy all of these types of food, keeping in
mind that moderation is the key to good health. So eat small amounts of these foods and
forget about feeling guilty.
Vocabulary Practice
Exercise 1. Look at the words in bold in the text and try to explain them.
Exercise 2. Fill in the correct preposition.
1. Eating sweets increases the level …… sugar …….your blood.
2. Milk is rich …. vitamins and proteins.
3. Cream is high …… calories and it is also associated ……. heart diseases when it
is eaten …… large amounts.
4. My father suffers ……. high blood pressure, so he had to miss out ……going on
the rollercoaster when we went to the funfair.
5. I wasn’t aware …… the fact that my body was lacking ……. iron until I got the
results of my blood test.
6. Oxygen combines ……. hydrogen to form water.
Exercise 3. Read the text again and talk about chocolate, sugar, cheese, butter and
cream, meat and coffee or tea in terms of : nutrients, calories and ways they affect the
human system.
Exercise 4. Epicurus lived by the philosophy, ‘Eat, drink and be merry and let
tomorrow take care of itself!’ Do you agree with this idea?
Exercise 5. Put the following foods into three categories, then say which are considered
to be healthy and which unhealthy. Some of the foods fit into more than one category.
melon, red meat, olive oil, apples, chocolate, grapes, chicken, butter, milk,
ice-cream, cheese, fish, pears, cherries, nuts
Protein: ………………………………………………………………………………….
Fat: ………………………………………………………………………………………
Sugar: ……………………………………………………………………………………
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It is interesting to know
 Reading
A view of fast food

I would like you to try a little thought experiment with me. Let’s put our heads
together to see if we can design the Worst Diet in the World, one that would be most
likely to undermine health and shorten life.
To begin, let’s stuff it with calories, more than most will be able to burn off, so that it
will promote obesity. We should overload it with carbohydrate calories. That means lots
of refined flour in fluffy breads and pastries, a lot of potatoes, sweets, and sweet
drinks……
For fat we will need a glut of saturated fat in the form of cheese, butter, cream, and
other whole-milk products, along with a lot of beef and unskinned chicken. That will
ensure that most people will develop unhealthy levels of cholesterol and increased risks
of cardiovascular disease. We should also include plenty of fat in the form of margarine,
vegetable shortening, and snack foods… We should also throw in some well-used
cooking fat, consisting of cheaper vegetable oils….
As for protein, we should probably go for as much as we can eat and make it mostly
commercially raised meat and poultry rather than fish or vegetable protein. That will
maximize intake of drugs and hormones used to raise animals for meat as well as
environmental toxins concentrated in their fat and other tissues. A lot of the meat in the
diet should be processed (into hot dogs, lunch meats, and the like) to add more sodium,
saturated fat, and unhealthful chemical additives. We should encourage everyone to
drink cow’s milk throughout life to make sure we affect the lactose-intolerant fraction
of the population…
The Worst Diet in the World should also be distinguished by what it does not
provide. We will want very inadequate amounts of the micronutrients, especially those
that protect the body from effects we are trying to achieve by the above selection of
macronutrients. The easiest way to make sure of that is to restrict fruits and vegetables.
Of course, we will allow unrestricted amounts of floury potatoes (preferably French
fried or otherwise prepared with quantities of margarine, butter, and sour cream)… but
we don’t want people eating too many greens and brightly coloured fruits and
vegetables…. Perhaps pickles, high in sodium, and ketchup, high in sugar and sodium,
will count as vegetables in our diet.
From what I know about the scientific basis of human nutrition, I am quite sure that a
diet of this sort, though it will sustain life and growth, will also have tremendous
consequence as people age. It will increase the frequency of degenerative diseases,
lowering the age at which they appear, accelerating their progression, and worsening
their severity. It will certainly promote obesity, hypertension, coronary heart disease,
and cancer and probably will adversely affect liver, kidney and brain function….. It
might even make people less energetic and worsen their moods…
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Thank you for indulging this exercise in fantasy. Now I have a real-world
assignment for you. I would like you to visit three different fast-food restaurants of your
choice, study the menus in them, and observe what the customers are eating. Then I
want you to think about how closely those menus approximate the Worst Diet in the
World we have just designed…..
Exercise 1
Find the English equivalents to the following words:
Руйнувати здоров”я, наповнювати, спалювати, сприяти, ожиріння, очищений
(рафінований), пухнастий, кондитерські вироби, велика кількість, незбиране
молоко, забезпечувати, серцево-судинний, споживання, тканина, піддавати
обробці, натрій, добавка, молочний цукор, живильний мікроелемент,
обмежувати, борошнистий, харчування, підтримувати, тягар, несприятливо.
Listening
‘Food and you’
Listen to a radio programme about fast food and complete the missing information in the
tables. For part A write the numbers you hear. For part B tick everything mentioned.
A
Number of fast food outlets in UK
Total daily amount of calories
Recommended daily amount of fat (%)
Amount of fat in portion of fish and chips
Amount of fat in portion of pizza
Amount of salt in hamburgers
B
Vitamins A B1 B2 B6 B12 C E iron zinc protein calcium
Fish and chips
Chicken and chips
Hamburger
Jacket potato
Milk shake
Pizza (cheese and tomato)
 Speaking
Discuss the following questions:
1. What is the expert’s opinion of fast food?
2. What about you?
3. What kind of food is eaten a lot in our country?
4. What is a balanced diet?
5. How does diet affect your health?
6. Have you changed your diet recently?
7. How careful are you about having a well-balanced or a calorie-controlled diet?
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8. How healthy do you think healthfoods really are?
9. We should all ‘eat, drink and be merry’. Do you agree?
Role-play
Work in pairs. Make up a conversation using the instructions below.
Student A Student B
You think that your partner eats the You eat a lot of snacks, ‘fast’ food and food
wrong kinds of food, and should try from packets. You do not think that this is
to change his/her habits. Explain unhealthy, as you eat other kinds of food too.
what food you think is best, and why. Try to persuade you partner that convenience
foods have a lot of advantages.
 Reading
What is cholesterol?
Cholesterol is a kind of fat. Everyone has some cholesterol in their blood. But if you have a
lot, it can give you heart disease.
The problem lies in the blood vessels, which take blood to and from the heart.
For less cholesterol…
Eat lots of vegetables and fruit.
Olive oil is very good for you. Eating olive oil actually lowers your level of blood
cholesterol.
Fish oils are also good for your heart.
Exercise helps to lower the level of cholesterol in your blood.
For more cholesterol…
Most kinds of red meat contain a lot of saturated fat.
Butter, milk and cheese contain saturated fat, too.
So does chocolate.
The yolks of eggs are high in cholesterol.
Most vegetable oils are OK, but some may be high in saturated fat.
Shellfish are high in cholesterol.
Superfoods
• Cabbage – for beta-carotene and minerals.
• Nectarines and peaches – rich in beta-carotene like all yellow-orange fruit. Skin is
full of fiber, so clean but don’t peel.
• Salmon, sardines and tuna – nutritious and rich in protective oils.
• Sesame seeds – rich in protein, zinc, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are good
for the heart.
• Sweet peppers – excellent source of vitamin C, which aids the absorption of iron and
potassium.
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 Speaking
Complete the following sentences:
1. Cholesterol is ….
2. To reduce the level of cholesterol in blood you should ….
3. To increase the level of cholesterol you should / shouldn’t ….
Exercise 1
1. Вітамін та його молодший брат - каротин.
Вітамін А (його називають ретинолом) посідає перше місце у вітамінній
“абетці”. Він забезпечує нормальний обмін білків, вуглеводів, роботу залоз
внутрішньої секреції (зокрема, підшлункової і надниркових); від нього залежить
гарний стан слизових оболонок і шкіри, гострота зору й опірність організму
інфекціям. Для дорослих добова потреба у вітаміні А становить 1,5 мг; якщо ж
робота пов’язана з великим навантаженням на очі або використанням хімічних
речовин – 2,5-3 мг.
Вітамін А надходить до нашого організму з продуктами харчування тваринного
походження (вершкове масло, вершки, яєчний жовток, печінка риб і тварин,
нирки, кисломолочні продукти).
Рослинна ж їжа (особливо свіжі й сушені абрикоси, морква, зелені овочі, капуста
усіх видів, салат-латук, картопля, сливи, усі жовті фрукти й овочі) містить
каротин – провітамін А, з якого в організмі людини і тварини утворюється вітамін
А. При кулінарійній обробці продуктів губляться від 15 до 30% ретинолу і
каротину. Якщо варити і смажити продукти під кришкою, вітамін А в них краще
збережеться. Оскільки каротин жиророзчинний вітамін він краще засвоюється з
жирами.
2. Картопля – вітамінна комора.
Крім вітаміну С в картоплі чималий резерв B1, B2, B6, B9, PP, D, K, E. А ще –
каротин, лимонна, щавлева, яблучна та інші органічні кислоти, їх нестача
відчутна взимку та ранньої весни, коли в нашому меню меншає овочів та фруктів.
Картопля ж, зберігаючись тривалий час, не втрачає поживних речовин та
вітамінів. Добову потребу організму може задовольнити споживання пів
кілограма бульб, що завдяки сечогінним властивостям неодмінно входять до
дієтичних продуктів для хворих на нирки та серце.
3. Редис – поліпшувач травлення.
Хто не споживав ці невеличкі коренеплоди – провісники весни! Назва їх
виникла від латинського “радикс” (корінь), саме корінь рослини – скарбничка
поживних речовин.
У редисі багато каротину, вітамінів групи В, а вітаміну С стільки ж, скільки в
лимоні й апельсині. Мінеральні речовини представлені солями магнію, кальцію,
фосфору, заліза і калію. Редис посідає провідне місце серед овочів за вмістом
пектинів, що виводять із організму холестерин та інші шкідливі речовини.
Їсти редис найкраще перед обідом, тому що він не лише підвищує апетит, але й
поліпшує засвоєння їжі.
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Exercise 2
Part A. Answer the following Yes/No questions concerning eating habits. Then, check
your score to find out what kind of diet you have. Add 1 point to every ‘Yes’ answer
and 0 to every ‘No’ answer.
1. Do you eat at a fast-food restaurant more than once a week?
2. Do you often eat fresh fruit?
3. Do you eat red meat more than twice a week?
4. Do you usually eat a large meal before you go to bed?
5. Do you eat salted snacks (crisps, nuts, etc) at least once a day?
6. Do you have fresh vegetables with your meals less than three times a week?
7. Do you drink fizzy beverages more than once a day?
8. Would you rather eat out instead of at home?
9. Do you always add salt to your food at the table?
10. Do you prefer butter to olive oil?
SCORE
8-10 Yes very unhealthy diet – be careful!
5-7 Yes fairly healthy diet
3-4 Yes quite healthy diet
1-2 Yes very healthy diet
Part B. Say what someone should do to change their unhealthy eating habits.
e.g. You should eat fruit instead of crisps when you want a snack.
Exercise 3
Which of these people are the healthiest? Put them in order. Explain the reasons for
your decision.
Jim: Job: computer programmer (sits at a desk all day)
Exercise: playing football for one and a half hours every Saturday afternoon
Smoking/drinking: drinks five cans of beer a week
Diet: eats a lot of fresh fruit and vegetables
Diana: Job: manager in advertising (has a lot of stress)
Exercise: plays squash every lunch time
Smoking/drinking: drinks half a bottle of wine per day
Diet: fast food: sandwiches, beefburgers or pizza
Nigel: Job: works in a shoe shop (standing all day, walking around the shop)
Exercise: none
Smoking/drinking: drinks ten cans of beer a week
Diet: has beefburgers or chips at lunch, salad in the evening
Anne: Job: air stewardess (on her feet most of the day, but quite often can’t sleep at
night – in strange hotels around the world)
Exercise: three hours’ jogging every week
Smoking/drinking: drinks half a bottle of wine per week
Diet: not too bad, but eats quite a lot of rich, spicy foods when staying abroad; loves
cake and eats two bars of chocolate per week.
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Exercise 4
Answer the questions and add up your scores to see if you have a balanced diet.
THE BALANCED DIET
Fat 8. How many times a week
1. Which do you usually eat? do you eat chocolate?
Butter 3 Six or more 3
Margarine 2 Three to five 2
Nothing 0 Once or twice 1
Occasionally/never 0
2. Which do you usually use for 9. How often do you eat
cooking? meat?
Meat fat, butter, margarine 3 Twice a day 4
Vegetable oil 2 Once a day 2
Corn, sunflower, olive oil 1 Most days 1
Never 0
3. How many times a week do you 10. How many times a week
eat chips? do you eat sausages/meat
Five or more 3 pies/burgers?
Two to four 2 Six or more 3
Once 1 Three to five 2
Occasionally/never 0 Once or twice 1
4. How often do you eat cream or 11. If you have a choice of
ice- cream? how to cook meat, how do
Every day 3 you cook it?
Several times a week 2 Fry 3
About once a week 1 Grill with added oil 2
Less than once a week/never 0 Grill without adding oil 1
5. Which type of milk do you 12. How many times a week
drink? do you eat cake, biscuits, or
Full fat 3 desserts?
Semi-skimmed 1 Six or more 3
Skimmed/none 0 Three to five 2
Once or twice 1
6. What type of cheese do you eat Fibre
most of? 1. What kind of bread do you
High-fat (cheddar, Stilton) 4 eat?
Medium-fat (Camembert, Edam, 3 Wholemeal 3
Brie) White 2
Low- fat (cottage) 2 Mixture 1
Variety 3
7. How many times a week do you 2. How many slices of bread
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eat high or medium- fat cheese? do you eat a day?
Five or more 3 Six or more 4
Three to five 2 Three to five 3
Once or twice a week 1 One or two 1
Occasionally/never 0 None 0
3. How many times a week do you 5. How many times a week

eat cereal? do you eat boiled, mashed or
Six or more 4 jacket potatoes?
Three to five 3 Six or more 5
Once or twice 2 Three to five 3
Occasionally/never 0 Once or twice 2
4. How many times a week do you TOTAL:
eat rice or pasta? - If your fat total was less than your fibre
Six or more 4 total, well done.
Three or five 3 - If your fat total was about the same as
your fibre total (within one or two points),
Once or twice 2
try to cut down on fat.
Occasionally/never 0 - If your fat total was greater than your
fibre total, you need to make changes in
your diet.
(Adapted from the Economist August 31, 1985)
 Reading
Read the first paragraph of this text. Write one question you have. Then read to find the
answer. Pay attention to the words in bold. Explain their meaning and give Ukrainian
equivalents.
Question:
Answer:
READING STRATEGY: Asking yourself questions before reading can help you
concentrate and comprehend.
In Eating Habits, East is Better than West
Do you want to be healthier and live longer? Then take some lessons from the Chinese.
And stay away from the typical North American diet.
The Chinese eat a healthy, plant-based diet. A joint study by Chinese, American,
and British scientists found that although the Chinese diet varies from region to region,
it generally includes a lot of rice, grains and fruit. Animal products are eaten sparingly.
In southern China, for instance, almost every meal includes a big bowl of rice. People
usually eat a vegetable with the meal, perhaps some fruit, and maybe some fish. Pork
and chicken are eaten only on special occasions.
The rate for heart disease among men in China is one-sixteenth the rate in the U.S.
The rate for colon cancer is only about two-fifths of the U.S. rate. Scientists believe that
44
the poor diet of North Americans is killing them. The average citizen consumes too
much meat, sugar and salt and not enough vegetables, grains, and fiber. And these
unhealthy eating habits are prime suspects in several serious diseases: heart disease,
stroke, diabetes, and some cancers.
T. Colin Campbell, a co-author of the study mentioned above, calls these diseases
“diseases of wealth”. As countries become richer, people begin to eat more meat. Heart
disease and certain kinds of cancer increase. This is happening in Japan, where the
traditional low-meat diet is giving way to increased meat consumption.
Unfortunately, this is beginning to happen in the wealthier parts of China too. In this
case, at least, traditions should be kept.
 Speaking
Is your diet more like the Chinese diet or the North American diet?
Phrases to remember
To eat on the go/on the move; (not) to enjoy a hurried meal; to take one’s time over
one’s meal; to eat to excess; to overeat; to do harm; to have a snack; to put on/gain
weight; to lose weight; to slim; slimming diet; crash diet; to go on a diet; to be on a diet;
to keep/stick to a diet; to follow a diet
Exercise 5
1) Коли я на дієті, я їм тільки овочі та фрукти.
2) Я не раджу вам їсти жирного м’яса, хліба, макаронних виробів та картоплі,
якщо ви хочете схуднути, а також потрібно дотримуватися спеціальної суворої
дієти та уникати вживання високо калорійної їжі.
3) Я ніколи не переїдаю, тому що знаю, що надмірне харчування, а також
споживання продуктів, які містять велику кількість насиченого жиру
спричиняють збільшення ваги, підвищення рівня холестерину у крові та
зростання ризику захворювання.
4) Мені подобається добре приправлена спеціями їжа, хоча це шкідливо.
5) Дуже часто кава шкодить людям похилого віку.
6) Ягоди: малину, полуниці, суниці, агрус, смородину, виноград – ви можете їсти
без обмежень.
7) Я не можу сказати, що мені подобається їсти на ходу.
8) Погляньте, що їдять люди! Я знаю одного чоловіка, який вживає лише тільки
натуральні продукти, багаті на вітаміни, мінерали та протеїн.
9) Він дотримується гарно збалансованої дієти, з усіма поживними елементами і
приймає ретельно підраховану кількість жирів, вуглеводів, крохмалю і заліза,
але ніколи в житті я не бачив людини, яка б мала такий хворобливий вигляд.
10) Щодо мене, то я їм багато, і мені здається, що правильно харчуватися - не
смачно.
45
 Reading
Read the title of the article. What do you think “Redux” is?
HE ISN’T HEAVY, HE’S ON REDUX

I am not a beauty, but I’m not particularly obese - maybe 20 lbs (9 kg) overweight,
most of it centred in my centre. I’ve sweated on a Stair-Master, gorged on cabbage
soup, crunched trainers until my sides ached. Still, nothing suppressed those late-night
hunger pangs. Willpower alone couldn’t end my urge for chocolate.
Then I heard about Redux, the latest revolution in weight control. I’d never taken
pills like that before. But Redux isn’t an amphetamine, isn’t addictive, and has limited
side effects. I knew I wasn’t the ideal candidate for the drug - it’s supposed to be used
by true fatties, not guys with little potbellies. Still, I was determined to give it a whirl. I
went to one of the new pill mills that have sprung up around Los Angeles, but was
instantly turned off by the high-pressure jive. So I asked my cardiologist for a
prescription. He reluctantly wrote one out and offered some nutritional guidance.
Swallowing the first capsule, I wondered how exactly it would kick in. Within
minutes my mouth dried up, as if I had swallowed a handful of cotton balls. Water and
chewing gum soon solved that problem. Then halfway through the Letterman show,
something peculiar happened. I zoomed in on a bowl of green apples, fixating on their
aesthetic beauty more than their sweet taste. I stared at them intensely, then decided I
wasn’t hungry after all. Instead, I sipped some cranberry juice and somehow felt
satisfied.
My doc had said Redux might inspire vivid dreams, and was he ever right! As I was
sleeping, I saw myself driving around in a Volkswagen Beetle. Suddenly I looked back,
and there was Godzilla lifting the car and violently throwing away. It took a walk
around the house and another glass of juice to shake the jitters.
The next day I noticed two Hershey’s Kisses wrappers on a colleague’s desk.
Ordinarily I might have asked to have one now I merely gazed at the silvery foil and
moved on.
That’s how my first week on Redux went. Though I didn’t exercise much, I sensibly
ate lots of chopped salads and grilled vegetables and avoided French fries and pasta.
Midnight binges were limited to munching a few potato chips rather than pigging out on
the usual half-bag. I didn’t suffer any short-term memory loss. There were occasional
headaches and a tingly, spaced-out sensation, as if my skull were tightening around my
brain. By the end of that first week I had dropped about 5 lbs. The catch is that my
doctor prescribed only a month’s supply of Redux. When I run out, I can’t wait to order
a cheese pizza smothered with pepperoni - just to see if I can still look at it lovingly,
then push it away.
from “Time” magazine
Exercise 1. Do you remember? Answer these questions:
1) What kind of pills was this man prescribed?
2) Why was he prescribed to use REDUX?
46
3) Did he really need these pills?
4) How did he get the pills?
5) What did he sense after swallowing a pill?
6) What other strange things happened to him later on?
7) Did he notice any changes in his appetite?
8) What kind of dishes did he eat during the course of treatment?
9) What are the side effects of this medical preparation?
10) Did he achieve any result after treatment?
Exercise 2. Explain the meaning of the underlined phrases. Give Ukrainian equivalents
to these phrases.
Exercise 3. Find synonyms in the text to the following words:
a drugstore to work, to affect to sprinkle
to appear to try to look at smth intensely
a fat man to do exercises to concentrate
to calm down to eat a lot
Exercise 4. Write a page from your diary. It’s the fifteenth day that you have been on a
really strict diet!
Exercise 5. Make a conversation between a dietician and a patient about what foods
would suit him/her to lose weight.
Exercise 6
Keeping fit
How much do you know about keeping fit? Do this quiz with a partner. Read the
following statements and say whether they are true or false.
1. If you take more exercise, your appetite will increase and keep you from losing
weight.
2. Exercise changes fat into muscle.
3. A good way to lose weight is to take exercise which makes you sweat heavily.
4. Vitamin pills can give an extra burst of energy.
5. Physical exercise is not necessary for losing weight. Dieting alone is enough.
6. To burn up the calories contained in a 4 oz. (approx. 110 g) bar of chocolate you
must walk for over 2 hours at 4 m.p.h. (approx., 6.5 km.p.h.)
7. A high protein, low carbohydrate diet is ideal for losing weight.
8. People who do not eat meat, fish or poultry are not as healthy as those who do.
9. When dieting you should avoid starchy foods such as bread and potatoes.
10. Eating between meals is bad for you.
11. A large lunch will not cause you to put weight as a meal of the same size eaten in
the evening.
12. If your diet is varied you must be getting proper nourishment.
13. A glass of wine or a glass of scotch will help you sleep well.
14. Most people need eight or nine hours of sleep at night.
15. Sleeping less than five hours a night shortens your life expectancy.
47
16. Laughter helps you keep fit.
How did you score?
If you answered all 16 questions right, you know all about keeping fit. If you have
more than 12 right answers you have quite a good idea about keeping yourself in top
shape. If you have less then 12 right answers you are the victim of quite a few common
misconceptions and may well not be as fit as you could be.
Fighting fit
1. False. This is a common misunderstanding, but in fact moderate physical exercise
does not stimulate the appetite. Research even suggests that an increase in
physical activity in normally sedentary people may actually make them want
to eat less.
2. False. Fat does not change into muscle any more than muscle changes into fat. Fat
comes from the calories you consume in excess of those you need. If
muscles are not used they may shrink. When you exercise, muscle tissue
develops while fat tissue diminishes.
3. False. You lose no fat tissue through sweating, only fluid which is replaced very
quickly by normal thirst.
4. False. Vitamins do not contain energy. They help to metabolize food into energy.
Most people get all the vitamins they need if they eat a well-balanced diet.
There is, for example, sufficient vitamin C in two pounds of oranges for the
average person for a whole week. There is therefore no point in taking extra
vitamins, and an excess of vitamins A and D can be harmful.
5. True, but with diet alone you lose muscle tissue as well as fat. When you exercise
as well, most of the weight lost is fat.
6. True. This size bar of chocolate contains about 550 calories and walking at this
pace you burn about 250 calories an hour. You could alternatively cycle at
13 m.p.h. for 50 minutes to obtain the same result!
7. False. These are calories, not carbohydrates, that make people fat. Some
carbohydrates, such as bread and potatoes, actually contain fewer calories
per ounce than sirloin steaks or roast beef.
8. False. Dairy foods, eggs, and some vegetables are perfectly acceptable alternatives
to meat or fish.
9. False. You would be cutting out very good sources of several B vitamins, vitamin
C and other nutrients by eliminating such starchy foods as peas, potatoes,
bread, and cereals from your diet.
10. False. It is what you eat, not when you eat, that makes you fat. Light meals and
snacks of fruit, nuts or cereals are probably better for you than three large
meals a day. Biscuits, cakes and chocolate are disastrous whether eaten
between meals or at mealtimes.
11. True. Your body has a biological rhythm and does not metabolize food in the same
way at every point in the cycle of roughly 24 hours. Food eaten before 3 p.m.
will be consumed by the organism, whereas food eaten in the evening will
stock up the body’s reserves, i.e. become fat.
48
12. False. Just variety is not enough. To provide the body with calories, proteins,
vitamins and minerals that it needs to keep you fit, you should have the
following number of helpings from the four major food groups each day: two
or more servings from the milk group (milk, cheese, yogurt and other dairy
foods). Two or more from the meat group (meat, poultry, fish, eggs and meat
alternatives such as dried beans, lentils and nuts). Four or more from the
bread group (bread, cereal, noodles and other grain products). Four or more
from the vegetable group (vegetables and fruit).
13. False. Alcohol helps you fall asleep, but also stops you dreaming in the first part of
the night. As the amount you dream overall is the same, the second part of
the night will be more agitated, with nightmares and so on. A glass of warm
milk or a few deep breathing exercises would be much better for you!
14. False. The average need is seven hours a night. If you sleep more than nine hours a
night your life expectancy will be considerably shortened.
15. True. Most people sleep too much rather than too little, but people who sleep less
than five hours run the same risk as those who sleep more than nine hours.
16. True. Laughter dilates the neuro-vegetal centers and releases adrenalin which
stimulates the pulse, the circulation of the blood, etc.
Exercise 7
Розпочніть день правильно
Мабуть, практично кожному з нас неодноразово доводилось виходити з дому,
не поснідавши або випивши тільки чашку кави натщесерце. Намагайтеся цього не
робити, навіть, якщо ви взагалі не відчуваєте голоду вранці. Сніданок – це
найважливіший прийом їжі протягом дня, оскільки між 7 та 9 годинами ранку
наша система травлення працює найбільш інтенсивно. Саме в цей період
необхідно забезпечити організм необхідними йому поживними речовинами. Якщо
в вашому ранковому меню недостатньо деяких вітамінів або мінералів, то ви
можете відчувати сонливість, втому або нервовість протягом цілого дня. Якщо ви
вирішили схуднути та обмежуєте себе в їжі, краще відмовитися від вечері, ніж
сніданку.
Сніданок повинен бути достатньо збалансованим. Необхідно, щоб він містив
достатню кількість білків, які відіграють роль “будівельних матеріалів”, жирів та
вуглеводів, які є основними джерелами енергії, а також вітамінів та мінеральних
солей.
Пам”ятайте, що харчування необхідно урізноманітнювати, і не їсти щодня на
сніданок лише бутерброди. Додайте в своє ранкове меню рідко зварені яйця,
вівсяні пластівці з молоком, соки, свіжі овочі та фрукти. Значне місце в вашому
раціоні повинні займати і зернові культури. Вони містять багато мінералів, таких
як фосфор, сірка, хлор, залізо, кальцій та магній, а також вітаміни групи В, Е, С.
Корисно їсти і пшеничні, кукурудзяні або рисові пластівці.
Не менш важливу роль відіграють і молочні продукти. Вони містять велику
кількість білків та жирів, а також вітаміни А і С. Саме тому важливо регулярно
49
пити на сніданок молоко або каву з молоком, кефір, ряжанку, какао, вживати
плавлені та тверді сири, сметану та йогурт.
Не забувайте про курячі яйця. Вони містять майже всі необхідні організму
поживні речовини, особливо вітаміни А, Д, В¹, В². Щоб не збільшувати кількість
холестерину в крові, їжте не більше чотирьох яєць в тиждень.
Сніданок необхідно складати в залежності від стилю та cпособу життя. В
таблиці представлені кілька можливих прикладів ранкового меню. Найменш
калорійний варіант №1 – для тих, хто “береже фігуру”. Великою популярністю
користується варіант №2: пластівці з молоком та банан містять необхідну
кількість поживних речовин для організму. Варіант №3 – це “калорійна бомба”,
оберіть його, якщо у вас попереду важка праця або похід з рюкзаком в гори.
Проте, якщо ви збираєтесь складати іспит або йти на важливу зустріч, на якій
треба в повній мірі проявити свої розумові здібності, оберіть повний енергії
варіант №4. Варіант №5 – для тих, хто полюбляє білкову їжу.
І останнє. Навіть, якщо ви дуже поспішаєте, спробуйте не їсти стоячи, а тим
паче на ходу, оскільки це істотно ускладнює роботу шлунку. Старанно
пережовуйте кожний шматок і намагайтеся не запивати під час їжі.
5 дієт на всі випадки життя
№1. Чорна кава без цукру (2Ккал), йогурт фруктовий (140Ккал), яблуко (35Ккал)
№2. Вівсяні або кукурудзяні пластівці (400Ккал), молоко (95Ккал), банан
(120Ккал)
№3. 2 яйця, смажених з беконом (550Ккал), булочка з висівками (250Ккал), сок
(50Ккал)
№4. Рогалик з джемом (150Ккал), склянка какао (200Ккал), 1 апельсин (50Ккал)
№5. Грінки (120Ккал), 2 шматочка шинки (300Ккал), кусочок сиру (130Ккал)
 Reading and Writing

Look at the advertisement. What does it advertise? Would you buy this product? Why?
What attracted you most in this advertisement?
IT'S HERE!
At Last The Pill You've All Been Waiting For! The Pill To End All Pills!
THE PILL TO END ALL OTHER FOOD!
N U T R I XTM
FROM INTERNATIONAL FOOD SUBSTITUTES AND ASSOCIATED CHEMICAL
INDUSTRIES INC.
N U T R I XTM
We are proud to announce that we have started full production of this
revolutionary new pill which will turn your eating habits upside down and turn
your life-style inside out.
N U T R I XTM
• is guaranteed to provide a well-balanced daily diet with all the
nutrients of conventional food, and a whole lot more.
• is rich in body-building protein - as much as in half a dozen eggs,
and has an equally high iron content.
50
• has as many vitamins as you'd find in 6 pints of milk, 5 pints of yoghurt
and 20 pints of beer; it contains as much vitamin E as a fridge-full of
margarine.
• allows you a carefully-controlled intake of carbohydrates, starch, sugars
etc. and a concentrated source of energy through fats equal to that found in
6 pounds of cottage cheese and 2 whole pounds of cream. Now with the
cholesterol problem eliminated!
• contains all essential minerals like calcium and iodine (as much as in 25
family-size packets of salt and bacon-flavoured crisps).
• still has, believe it or not, fewer calories than 5 kilos of suet or lard.
As part of our promotion for this exciting new product, we are offering one free
pill when you buy one each from our range of eight tempting flavours:
HONEY STRAWBERRY JAM MARMALADE SOYA SAUCE
HAM TOFFEE MALTED MILK BEEF
N U T R I XTM
CRUNCH IT, MUNCH IT LIKE A DIGESTIVE BISCUIT
or
CHEW IT LIKE GUM
or
DISSOLVE IT IN 100 MLS. OF WATER
N U T R I XTM
IT’S AVAILABLE IN YOUR SHOPS, NATIONWIDE NOW!
Writing
Write your own advertisement using this as an example.
➢ Persuade your audience, choose details that will give them a positive feeling about
the product and make them feel that the product will do something for them.
➢ Begin your advertisement with a sentence that will grab the attention of your
audience.
➢ Next, present reasons why people should buy the product. Back up each reason with
facts. Remember that a fact is something that can be observed or proved.
➢ Remember to include all the necessary information that tells how to buy the product
of your advertisement.
➢ Try to vary the kinds of sentences you use. Questions, imperatives and exclamatory
sentences can help to get your reader’s attention.
Exercise 8
Translate the following sentences:
1) Сама лише сила волі не може припинити неймовірні нічні приступи голоду.
2) Щоб контролювати вагу, їжте салати, пийте соки, уникайте кондитерських і
макаронних виробів.
3) Добре збалансована щоденна дієта краща за всі замінники їжі та пігулки.
4) Ці пігулки нададуть вам ретельно контрольоване споживання вуглеводів,
крохмалю та концентроване джерело енергії; вони мають високий вміст заліза,
кальцію, йоду, калію та фосфору.
51
5) Цей новий медичний препарат має різноманітні спокусливі смаки, не викликає
звикання, але має обмежену кількість побічних ефектів: навіює яскраві сни,
спричиняє головний біль та короткочасну втрату пам”яті.
Pre-listening
Have you ever heard the story of Frankenstein? What happened in the story? What do
you think the members of Greenpeace are protesting against?
Listening
Read the sentences, then listen to the tape and fill in the missing words.
1. Every …………. thing has genes.
2. Genetic engineers put duck genes into chickens to make the chickens ………. .
3. The effects of genetic engineering on our health are not ………… .
4. The engineers may create life forms – monsters – that we can not ……….. .
5. Greenpeace is trying to …………. all such food experiments.
6. Genetic engineering could be the solution to the ………… of famine.
 Reading
You are going to read a text about genetically engineered food. Five sentences have been
removed from it. Choose from the sentences A-E the one which fits each gap. There is an
example at the beginning (0).
Genetically engineered food
You didn’t ask for it, and you might not know about it. But you’ve probably already
eaten some of it. It’s genetically engineered food.
Perfectly round tomatoes all exactly the same size, long straight cucumbers and big fat
chickens are now a normal part of our diets. They are made that way by genetic
engineering – not by nature. Their genes have been changed.
Every living thing has genes. 0 – B They are passed on from generation to
generation. They make sure that humans give birth to humans and cows give birth to
cows. They also make sure that a dog cannot give birth to a frog, or an elephant to a
horse. Genetic engineers take genes from one species – for example, a scorpion, and
transfer them to another – for example, corn. In this way a new life form is created.
1 -
Genetic engineers put duck genes into chickens to make the chickens bigger. They put
hormones into cows to make them produce more milk. They put genes from flowers
into soya beans and from scorpions into corn. This does not make cheaper, tastier or
healthier. It makes them easier and faster for the farmer to grow.
The effects of genetic engineering on our health are not known. Many of the genes
which are used – such as those of scorpions, rats, mice and moths – are not part of our
diet so we do not know how dangerous they may be. For example, people can develop
allergies to food which has been genetically engineered.
The effects of genetic engineering on the natural world may be disastrous. The
engineers may create life forms – monsters – that we cannot control. The new life forms
have no natural habitat or home. They will have to find one, fight for one – or kill for
52
one. 2 - Moreover, the effects of these experiments can often be cruel. In
America, pigs were given human genes to make them bigger and less fatty. 3 - The
pigs became very ill and began to lose their eyesight.
Greenpeace is trying to prevent all such food experiments. Some – but not all – food
companies are refusing to use genetically engineered foods. 4 - We must all be
aware of what is happening.
Some people believe; though, that genetic engineering could be the solution to the
problem of famine. Plants which grow faster, or cows which produce more milk, can
save the lives of starving people.
We would all like a better, healthier and longer life, and genetic engineering might
give us this. On the other hand, it may be a dangerous experiment with nature. In the
story, Frankenstein created such a terrible and dangerous monster that he had to destroy
it. We must make sure that it remains a story – and no more than that.
A. The experiment failed.

B. Genes carry information.
C. Some – but not all – supermarkets are telling their customers which foods are
genetically engineered.
D. It may be your land they fight for – or you that they kill.
E. These new life forms have been described as a “real-life Frankenstein”.
Post-reading
• Look at the words in bold and try to explain them, then choose any three and make
sentences.
• What are the arguments for and against genetically engineered food? What do you
think about it?
 Reading
Eat less and live longer
“All those snacks will be the death of you”, say scientists. Scientists believe they may
have found the key to a longer life. Just eat less. The human lifespan could be extended
by as much as 59 years if calories are cut and waistlines trimmed, the theory goes.
Research with mice and rats has shown that a strict diet not only increases lifespan – it
cuts disease.
Dr. Brian Merry, of the Institute of Human Ageing at Liverpool University, has been
studying diet as part of the process of ageing.
“We are quite literally eating ourselves to death,” he says. “Only recently it was
reported that as a nation we are becoming more obese.”
“We have managed to extend a rat’s lifespan by anything up to 42 per cent. But
American groups have managed 50 to 60 per cent.”
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“It does not only slow down ageing but also protects animals against the diseases of
ageing.”
Biologists have now launched a controversial international trial with 60 volunteers,
despite some scientific misgivings.
The U.S. government is expected to give its approval later in the year to expand the
programme. British volunteer Malcolm Greenhill, 41, hopes to cut his body weight by
up to 20 per cent on a diet of vegetables, rice, oats and fruit.
“It was about a year ago that I first became interested,” he said. “My mother had just
died of cancer and my father suffered a heart attack and then had a quadruple
operation.”
“I am going to live to 140. I know that’s wildly provocative thing to say, but at least I
reckon that caloric restriction will put me in a position to take advantage of all the new
science that is going to extend our lives.”
The research team, based in Arkansas, took the decision to try the diet model out on
humans after stunning results on rodents.
Dr. Merry predicts that scientists will understand the reasons why diet restriction
delays ageing within five years.
But he is skeptical of trying out the diet model on human beings. “People should not
even think of doing this to themselves because it could result in brain damage,” he said.
“I think we need to understand a little bit more about how this process works before
taking it a step further. We are concerned with improving the quality of life, not just the
span.”
Exercise 9
Алла Пугачова та Пилип Кіркоров припинили вживати алкогольні напої і
перейшли на роздільне харчування. Про те, як змінила свою зовнішність зоряна
пара, не знав ніхто. Одні розповідали про якусь супердієту, інші - про банальне
відсмоктування жиру. Але все набагато простіше: Алла Борисівна та Пилип
перейшли на роздільне харчування. Що ж це за таємниче словосполучення?
Пилип каже, що все дуже просто: вам потрібно вживати білки окремо від
вуглеводів. Головне запам`ятати які продукти належать до білкової групи, а які до
вуглеводної.
Отож, білкова група - це м`ясо, риба, яйця, молочні продукти, сир, томати та
фрукти (окрім бананів). До групи вуглеводів належать всі крупи, вироби з
борошна, картопля, банани, фініки, абрикоси та інжир.
Існує також так звана нейтральна група. Це ті продукти які можна поєднувати з
білками та вуглеводами. Сюди належать майже всі овочі (баклажани, капуста,
гарбуз, морква, перець, редька та інші), а також гриби, деякі молочні продукти і
горіхи.
На відміну від жорстких голодувань, роздільне харчування сприймається
організмом набагато краще. Ви їсте все, що завгодно, лише не змішуєте відповідні
продукти. Якщо після голодування ви втрачаєте 10-20 кг, але потім дуже швидко
їх набираєте, то при роздільному харчуванні ви худнете непомітно, але результат
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зберігається протягом декількох років.
Ще Кіркоров дуже полюбляв Колу та Пепсі. Він міг залишитись голодним, але
слухався своєї спраги і пив ... Пепсі. Тепер Пилип п`є лише мінеральну воду без
газу. А щодо алкогольних напоїв, зірки були змушені зовсім відмовитись від
таких ласощів.
Exercise 10
Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only one word in
each space.
Vegetables
We are frequently told these days that we should eat more vegetables (1) … part of a
healthy diet. However, a large (2) … of people are still not taking this advice. One of
the reasons could be that they (3) … bad memories of the few vegetables they were
forced to eat by (4) … parents when they were children. (5) … the other hand, potatoes
are one (6) … of vegetable which we are familiar (7) … although we do not perhaps
think of them (8) … healthy food to eat. Of course, chips are not very good for us (9) …
of their high fat content, but potatoes can (10) … cooked in many other interesting ways
which do not harm our health. (11) … vegetables which we will almost certainly (12) …
eaten are carrots, turnips and parsnips. Carrots can be eaten raw, while parsnip can be
prepared (13) … potatoes, and baby turnips are crisp and as sweet as apples when
cooked. Alternatively, there are many different vegetables in the shops, (14) … as
celeriac, kohlrabi and salsify. These may (15) … strange to us at the moment, but they
are as easy to cook as (16) … of the other vegetables mentioned and make a delicious
change.
Exercise 11
1. Томатний сік, завдяки вмісту калію, добре стимулює утворення шлункового
соку, поліпшує роботу серця. Склянка томатного соку забезпечує половину
добової потреби організму у вітамінах А і С. Найкраще його споживати в
суміші з яблучним, гарбузовим, лимонним соками. Така суміш корисна людям,
які прагнуть швидко схуднути.
2. Греки називали цей горіх “святом мозку” і “їжею богів”. Волоські горіхи
містять у 5 разів більше поживних речовин, ніж яйця, в них більше жиру, ніж в
олії, і більше білка, ніж у м’ясі. Горіхи рекомендується щодня вживати людям,
ослабленим хворобою, операцією, стресами і важкою фізичною працею.
 Reading
Read the following text and explain the meaning of the underlined phrases. Use them in
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SINGLE SERVES
For the young career person or the older retiree, living alone has certain merits.
Cooking can and should be one of them, with its reward of helping you to keep fit and
interested in life.
It is an easy matter to eat well and enjoy a varied and balanced diet by having a
repertoire of good, quick and easy-to-cook recipes on hand. To maintain good health,
the daily diet should include these basics: meat, eggs or fish; wholemeal bread and
butter or margarine; raw or cooked vegetables and raw or cooked fruit; milk or milk
food.
Remember, fad-eating is bad for health. Crash diets, fast and health-food crazes, if
taken to the extreme, ruin the balance of our eating, allowing poor health to creep in.
Take the time to serve food attractively if eating alone. If using a tray, set it with
care. Use a fresh napkin and individual salt and pepper shakers. Empty commercial
sauces into a small dish, even while eating in front of the television – and include a
glass of wine, as it is amazing what just one glass does for morale. Fresh herbs give
special dash to food. Try growing a few in the window box.
Keep on hand ingredients that cook quickly. Eggs, bacon, onions and cheese, as well
as a loaf of sliced bread in the freezer, are basics. There is a lot you can do with canned
tomatoes, fish and fruits. Pasta, rice, dried peas, beans and lentils are great staples.
Packets of real chicken, beef and vegetable stocks are useful.
The sweet-teeth are easily catered for, either with fresh seasonal fruit or canned
fruits.
PART III
COOKING
Read the next entry from the diary and the menu that follows. Note down all that you
think needs to be done in order to serve the meal. Then read the list of things to be done
and amend or complete your notes.
The proof that cooking isn't for me: a further extract from the diary of a person who is
about to go out to work.
After several weeks of Chicken Chow Mein for dinner, I decided that things had gone
far enough. After all, there couldn't be that much to preparing a simple four-course
meal once a day. We sat down together to plan a menu, then a programme of attack,
adding a theatrical flavour for extra spice.
Our first menu:
Asparagus soup - for starter
Roast Chicken, potatoes, carrots, peas - main dish
Peach Flan - for dessert
Act One scrub asparagus stems
strip away the base
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cut out woody parts
scale the fish,
bone and fillet it
cut off head and tail
peel and wash potatoes
top and tail carrots
shell peas
thaw frozen chicken
skin peaches and remove stones
Act Two chop up asparagus or shred it
place fish on greased foil
slice potatoes
dice carrots
crack two eggs for the flan
separate them
Act Three scald marrow bones for stock

brown them in oven
put in large pan; add other ingredients
bring to boil and simmer to extract juices
strain through sieve or muslin
brush fish with melted butter
stuff the chicken
cover the breast with bacon rashers
season and rub with lemon juice
cook in middle of pre-heated oven
sift flour and salt into bowl for pastry
cut up butter, rub into flour, mix or blend
add water, sprinkling evenly over surface
beat egg-whites and fold them into mixture
knead gently, then chill for 30 minutes
Act Four pour stock over asparagus and boil
allow to bubble for an hour, stirring regularly
dress the fish
place in hot oven
steam vegetables
baste the chicken
roll out pastry
bake in oven
whip or whisk cream for topping
Act Five warm the plates
skim the soup to remove fat, etc.
garnish the fish
coat with pre-prepared sauce
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drain vegetables
make gravy from stock
carve meat
grate nutmeg over flan
leave to cool
Finale serve
Epilogue freeze or ice leftovers
The next day I read the plan of action ... and went out to find a job. Chicken Chow
Mein is OK, even though it has this rather strange after-taste.
Read the list of foodstuffs and the list of verbs. Note down what you can do to each of
the foodstuffs by listing the appropriate verbs. Then take each verb and say which of the
foodstuffs it can be used with.
wash sift/sieve chip grate
mince whip
knead stir
carve peel
scale eggs skin
bone potatoes shell
stuff fish pluck
spread cream dice
slice dough beat
mash vegetables chop
skewer meat crush
string flour crack
scrape squeeze
grind sprinkle
shred scramble
whisk roll (out)
snip drain/strain mix/blend dip smother
Ways of cooking food – verbs

To boil; to fry; to stew; to braise; to simmer; to steam; to smoke; to curry; to barbecue;
to bake; to roast; to grill; to sauté; to poach; to baste; to soak; to add salt/sugar/vinegar
to taste; to season the food to taste (with salt/pepper); to garnish; to dress (to season)
salad; to flavour; to overcook/overdo; to undercook/underdo; cut into circles/half rings.
Exercise 1
How do you like the following foods prepared? Use phrases from the list. What do you
like to put on the foods from the list in the box?
a leg of chicken eggs potatoes cheese
a fillet of cod prawns mushrooms sausages
salt pepper vinegar mustard soya sauce ketchup
mayonnaise lemon juice oil
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Exercise 2
Match the method of cooking with its definition.
1. baking (a) a)
cooking in steam; used for puddings, fish, etc.
2. boiling (b)b)
the term used in meat cookery by which the meat is first
browned, then has a small quantity of water added
3. braising (c) c)
cooking meat or fruit in a small amount of water and its own
juice
4. frying (d)d)
cooking foods in enough water to cover them, at a temperature
lower than 100°C
5. roasting (e) e)
cooking in fat; used for chips, doughnuts, etc.
6. simmering (f) f)
the food is placed in the oven, used for preparing cakes, breads
7. steaming (g)g)
is done by placing the food in the oven or over coals and
cooking until it is tender
8. stewing (h)h)
cooking foods in enough water to cover them, at 100°C.
Exercise 3
Complete each sentence with a word from the list. Use each word once only.
add beat cool grate heat melt peel pour slice sprinkle
bake boil poach steam fry
a) ……… the potatoes and ……… them thinly.
b) ……… the eggs in a bowl, and then ………. them to the mixture.
c) ……… the butter in a saucepan and ……… gently for two minutes.
d) ……… the mixture into a bowl and leave to ……. .
e) ……… some cheese, and ……….. over the potatoes.
f) You can ………. an egg by cooking it in boiling water without its shell.
g) You can ………. an egg by cooking it in boiling water with its shell.
h) To ……… vegetables, cook them in a covered container over boiling water.
i) To ……….. chicken, cook it in a pan of hot oil.
j) To ……….. bread, cook it in the oven for about forty minutes.
Exercise 4
Give the English equivalents to the following verbs:
Здирати шкіру, різати ножицями, терти на терці, змішувати, видавлювати,
кришити (нарізувати), варити на парі, випікати, заправляти салад майонезом,
цідити (осушувати), чистити рибу, розмішувати, занурювати, смажити в
духовці, розминати картоплю, розкачувати тісто, варити на малому вогні,
пропускати через м’ясорубку, знімати піну, кропити (бризкати), насаджувати
на паличку, просіювати муку, надавати їжі смаку, різати кільцями, лущити
горіхи, давити (чавити), кип’ятити, додавати оцет за смаком, відділяти
(жовтки від білків), нарізати м’ясо, прикрашати, нарізати тонкими
шматочками, поливати страву жиром, знімати жир, розколювати, обскубувати
курку, шаткувати, охолоджувати, відділяти м’ясо від кісток, тушкувати,
чистити моркву, різати на кубики, відрізати, робити філе, фарширувати,
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розморожувати, чистити картоплю, видаляти камінець, збивати яйця, молоти,
жарити, готувати яйця пашот, розігрівати, розтоплювати, вмішувати масло в
суміш, смажити на рашпері, доводити до кипіння (пастеризувати), відрізати
кінчик та верхівку, класти шарами, коптити, тушкувати з гіркими спеціями,
смажити на малому вогні до рожевого кольору, переварити, недоварити,
замочувати.
Exercise 5
How do you cook food?
We boil, fry, roast, grill, curry, braise, steam, simmer, sauté food. We season food to
taste with salt, sugar, pepper (ground pepper, corn pepper), garlic, onion, shallot, leek,
parsley (roots and leaves), parsnip, celery roots, dill, bay leaves, cinnamon, cardamom,
almond, nutmeg, horse-radish, vinegar, mustard etc.
We sauté onions in fat or sunflower oil, we coat meat with flour (breadcrumbs), with
sauce, we dip meat into hot fat or beaten egg and stew or simmer it till it is done. We
add salt, sugar or vinegar to taste. We garnish meat, fish or other seafood with chopped
parsley, dill, carrots, pieces of hard-boiled egg, etc. We dress (season) salad either with
sour cream and mayonnaise or with vegetable oil and vinegar.
Think about your answer to the question above. Is it the same or different? Why ‘yes’?
Why ‘no’?
Exercise 6
1. I like my eggs soft . . . . . not hard.
a) boiled b) cooked c) steamed d) watered
2. Try some of this cake, which I . . . . . especially for you.
a) browned b) fried c) baked d) roasted
3. If you don't lift that saucepan carefully, it will spill and you may ..... yourself.
a) cut b) peel c) scald d) skin
4. Dried vegetables are easy to use if you remember to ...… them overnight.
a) bathe b) dampen c) soak d) water
5. She ..... the butter very thinly over the bread.
a) covered b) knifed c) scattered d) spread
6. You should ..... the fat from the meat before you cook it.
a) carve b) slice c) shave d) trim
7. Mr Hospitable . . . . . a few slices off the joint for his guests.
a) bit b) carved c) chopped d) tore
8. She had just …….. the shell of the hard-boiled egg and was starting to peel it.
a) burst b) cracked c) fractured d) shattered
9. When you have cracked the eggs, put the ……. in the rubbish bin.
a) coverings b) covers c) shells d) skins
10. Would you …….. some onions for me, please?
a) chip b) chop c) crack d) split
11. I’ll cook the potatoes if someone will ……… them first.
a) peel b) skin c) strip d) uncover
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12. You will have to ……. those peas before you cook them.
a) burst b) peel c) shell d) skin
13. Will you ……. some cheese to put in this sauce?
a) chop b) grate c) grind d) powder
14. Put the orange ……. in the waste basket, not on the floor!
a) peel b) string c) shell d) skin
15. My mother always . . . . . her own bread.
a) bakes b) fries c) grills d) roasts
16. Would you prefer ……… potatoes or chips?
a) poached b) ground c) mashed d) powdered
17. Don’t forget to buy a packet of ……… peas.
a) chilled b) frozen c) frosted d) chilly
18. There was a wonderful smell of ……… bread in the kitchen.
a) cooking b) roasting c) baking d) grilling
 Reading
Read this article about bread making and find four sentences with if.
In many countries bread is one of the basic foods. Making bread at home is easy and
rewarding if you follow a few basic rules.
Combine one package of active dry yeast with 1/2 cup of warm water, which must be
about 100 Fahrenheit (32 Centigrade) for the yeast to grow. Add two teaspoons of
sugar. More sugar will take the yeast to grow faster. Salt and cool temperatures will
slow the growing process. In a few minutes you will see bubbles, and the mixture will
swell. Meanwhile, mix 3 3/4 cups of flour with one tablespoon of salt. Add about 3/4
cup of warm water and mix it with your hands or a wooden spoon. Add the yeast
mixture and continue to stir until the mixture forms a ball.
Knead the dough. Put the dough on a breadboard that is lightly floured so that the
dough won’t stick to it. Flour your hands and push hard into the dough. Then give it a
quarter turn and repeat. The dough is kneaded enough when it is too sticky and springs
back when you poke it with your finger.
To allow the bread to rise, put it in a warm place. After it was doubled in size, repeat
the kneading process, and form your loaf. Place the dough in a buttered and floured
bread pan and leave the bread rise again. When it doubles in size again, place it into a
400 Fahrenheit (130 Centigrade) oven for about 40 minutes. When the bread is done,
it will sound hollow when you knock on it. Take it out of the oven, turn the pan over to
remove the loaf from the pan, and allow the bread to cool. Now you have your very own
homemade loaf of bread. Enjoy it with fresh butter!
Exercise 7
The following recipe for fruit salad is not given correctly. Put the lines into the correct
order by numbering 1, 2, 3, etc. The first one is done.
- some walnuts on top and serve.
- leaves into small pieces. Mix all of the
- grapes and strawberries into halves.
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- lemon juice, and two tablespoons of orange juice. Put
- peel an orange and section it. Tear six lettuce
- above fruit in a large salad bowl. Spoon some of the
1. Peel and slice the peaches and bananas. Cut the
- a dressing with a mixture of 3/4 cup honey, two tablespoons of
- Prepare the pineapple chunks and slice the pears. Next,
Exercise 8
Decide which answer A, B, C or D best fits each space.
PEA SOUP
This is just right for a cold winter’s day, and is both 1) …… and cheap. If you use
dried peas, 2) …… them for at least twelve hours in cold water. Drain them and put
them in a large 3) ……. with plenty of water. Bring them to the boil, and then let them
simmer gently 4) ……. the peas are soft. I find it easier to use 5) ……. peas, which are
already cooked. This 6) ……. time, and also guarantees that the peas will be soft, since
it can take hours of boiling before they 7) …… . Two small 450 gram cans are usually
8) ……. . Strain the peas, but keep some of the liquid for the soup. 9) ……. about three
tablespoons of olive oil in a clean saucepan, and gently heat a chopped 10) ……. , two
or three cloves of garlic and some 11) …….. carrot. 12) …….. half the peas and turn
them in the oil over a low heat. Meanwhile blend the remaining peas in a food 13)
…….. until they make a smooth cream. Add about half a litre of water to the vegetables
and bring to the boil. Mix in the creamed peas and cook slowly. Add salt and 14) ……...
and a pinch of mixed herbs. You can also add a stock cube or other vegetables. Some
15) ……… add lemon juice at the end. Serve hot with plenty of bread.
1. A) expensive B) tasty C) worth D) cold
2. A) soak B) bury C) wash D) water
3. A) kettle B) mug C) sink D) saucepan
4. A) when B) until C) if D) enough
5. A) the B) to C) canned D) crude
6. A) makes B) takes C) saves D) gives
7. A) soften B) harden C) widen D) lengthen
8. A) much B) enough C) mine D) few
9. A) Grate B) Peel C) Beat D) Pour
10. A) onion B) up C) one D) water
11. A) melted B) beaten C) poached D) sliced
12. A) One B) Then C) Add D) Serve
13. A) just B) not C) dish D) mixer
14. A) paper B) puppy C) pepper D) poppy
15. A) cookers B) cooks C) cookery D) chiefs
Exercise 9
1. She put a . . . . . of chocolate on the cake.
a) colour b) cover c) layer d) level
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2. You can't make an omelette without ...… eggs. (proverb)
a) breaking b) crushing c) mixing d) smashing
3. A fat lady sat on my shopping bag in the bus and ...… my tomatoes.
a) broke b) crushed c) squashed d) squeezed
4. To make a good omelette, you must . . . . . the eggs very well.
a) bang b) beat c) knock d) thrash
5. I loved the cake. Would you mind letting me have the ……?
a) menu b) prescription c) receipt d) recipe
6. Would you put the water on, please, ready to ..... the potatoes.
a) bake b) boil c) braise d) brown
7. Add the essence ……. until the teaspoonful is beaten into the mixture.
a) drop by drop b) inch by inch c) leaf by leaf d) spot by spot
8. Mrs Baker rolled out the pastry and cut it into pretty ..... before baking it.
a) measures b) pictures c) shapes d) sizes
9. Don't ……… the bottle or you will spoil the wine.
a) agitate b) shake c) stir d) tremble
10. She left the milk in a jug and a thick layer of ..... formed on the surface.
a) butter b) cream c) fat d) skin
11. Frozen food should always be ...… before it is cooked.
a) defrosted b) dissolved c) melted d) softened
12. Can you give me a teaspoon to ……. my tea?
a) beat b) spin c) stir d) turn
13. Chocolate . . . . . if you keep it in your pocket.
a) flows b) melts c) ripens d) settles
14. When I peel onions, I can't stop my eyes from ……. .
a) dripping b) dropping c) leaking d) watering
Exercise 10
Fill in the missing words.
Holubtsi (Cabbage Rolls)
a) ...... cabbage. Place a large cabbage head in deep pot of (b) ...... water. Let stand
until leaves are (c) ..... soft. (d) ....... from water, (e) ...... leaves from the head. Return
head to boiling water if inside leaves require softening. Pare down hard centre rib on
each leaf.
(f) ...... salt and rice to the boiling water. Let stand until rice (g) ..... all water.
In a large (h) ... ...., saute one medium onion in bacon drippings until tender. (i) .......
this with rice (1 cup) and 250 g of (j) ....... meat, and (k) ....... one egg, garlic, salt and
pepper.
Place a heaping tablespoon of the meat mixture onto a cabbage (l) ..... . Arrange rolls
in layers in a (m) ...... . (n) ....... each layer with salt and pepper. (o) ..... tomato juice
over rolls. Cover with two or three large cabbage leaves.
Cover tightly. Bake (p) ... 180o C for 1,5 hour. Serve (q) ...... with (r) ...... , or tomato
(s) ..... .
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 Reading and Writing
Read the article about yoghurt. In what ways do you think yoghurt is an amazing food?
If there is such a thing as a wonder food, yoghurt would surely earn
that name. Associated everywhere with long life, yoghurt is nutritionally
superior to ordinary milk in many ways. In fact, in many parts of the
world, this is the only form in which milk is consumed.
The benefits of yoghurt are almost limitless. If one to three cups of
yoghurt are eaten daily, some kinds of infection clear up quickly.
Yoghurt also aids the digestion of iron. Have you ever tried yoghurt as a
face mask? Its astringent qualities are a help to oily skin.
Yoghurt is easy to make at home. Here’s a simple way to make it, if
you don’t have a yoghurt maker. Heat fresh milk to “hand hot”, about
90 to 100 (Fahrenheit). To this very warm milk, add about three
tablespoons of yoghurt (for one quart of milk). Stir it into the milk and
pour it all at once into a wide-mouthed thermos jar. Cover it tightly and
let it stand overnight. Next morning, the yoghurt is thick and creamy;
uncap it and refrigerate it right away.
What are the benefits of yoghurt? Write 5 sentences with if.
 Speaking
1. Have you heard of any other foods that people think have amazing effects? Do you
believe that they really have these effects?
2. Is food only for eating? What other uses can food have?
 Reading
Chocolate – like falling in love

• Chocolate first came from Central America.
• The word chocolate comes from the Aztec language and is the only Aztec word we
use regularly in English. The Aztecs made a greasy, bitter drink called Xocoatl,
from cocoa beans mixed with cold water, spices and cornmeal.
• The Aztecs used the cocoa bean as a form of money. According to H.H.Bancroft,
who was a historian, “four beans bought some vegetables, ten beans bought a
woman and a slave cost 100.”
• The explorer Cortes was the first person to bring chocolate to Europe. He presented
it to the Spanish Royal Court in Madrid and served it with herbs and pepper. Soon it
became very fashionable to drink it mixed with sugar and vanilla and drunk warm.
• Coenrad van Houten, who was Dutch, was the first person to extract the cocoa
butter from the cocoa bean in 1827.
• In 1847, Joseph Fry, who lived in England, mixed the cocoa butter with other
ingredients to make a solid chocolate bar.
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• Daniel Peter, who was a confectioner in Switzerland, invented milk chocolate in the
1870s. Henri Nestle developed the process.
• The cocoa tree originally comes from the Amazon rainforests. Brazil, West Africa
and Ecuador now produce most of the 1.5 million-tonne world cocoa crop.
• The Mexicans put chocolate in savoury dishes. They serve mole, which is a kind of
chocolate sauce, with roast chicken.
• It takes all the beans from one cocoa tree to make 500g of chocolate.
• In Britain, people spend an average of 98p a week on chocolate. Women, who buy
more than two-thirds of the chocolate, eat less than 40 per cent.
• An average British person eats between 8.5-9.8 kg a year, except the Scots, who eat
30 per cent more.
• Chocolate contains small amounts of the chemical phenylethylamine, which is also
naturally present in the brain and which gives us the same feelings as when we fall
in love.
• The world’s largest chocolate model was a 10m by 5m representation of the
Olympic Centre in Barcelona.
• In 1980, the Swiss police arrested a young couple because they were trying to sell
chocolate secrets to foreign powers. They offered the recipes for 40 different
chocolates to the Soviet and Chinese embassies.
Vocabulary Practice
1. Do you like chocolate? Find out how many people in your group like chocolate.
What kind of chocolate do they eat and drink most often?
2. Work in pairs. Which of these words do you associate with chocolate?
cocoa, sweet, savoury, bitter, bean, spices, herbs, pepper, sugar, milk, sauce,
chemical, plain, healthy, butter, bar, drink, solid, liquid, crop, greasy, grow,
produce, warm, cold.
Can you think of any other words you associate with chocolate? Does your partner
agree with you?
3. Read the passage and find out why it’s called Chocolate – like falling in love.
4. Match the following headings with each piece of information: history, facts,
interesting incidents.
Exercise 11
1) The . . . . . for making this pudding are clearly written on the packet.
a) directions b) explanations c) preparations d) ways
2) The main . . . . . of this drink are wine, vodka and orange juice.
a) components b) compositions c) ingredients d) parts
3) . . . . . that cold meat into neat, thin pieces.
a) sandwich b) slash c) slice d) slit
4) This lime juice needs …… before you can drink it.
a) diluting b) dissolving c) softening d) watering
5) Put the salt in the water and let it ..... before adding the pasta.
a) dissolve b) melt c) mix d) soften
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6) Before mixing, . . . . . the whites of the eggs.
a) divide b) free c) part d) separate
7) Please look in the refrigerator and see if the jelly has ..... .
a) curdled b) hardened c) set d) stiffened
8) Put the cake into a strong box, or it might get ... .. in the post.
a) clubbed b) crushed c) smoothed d) splashed
9) Mr Hot ……. some pepper over his steak.
a) spat b) sprayed c) sprinkled d) squirted
10) How about a glass of orange juice to ..... your thirst?
a) quash b) quell c) quench d) quieten
Writing
Part 1
• When writing instructions, giving directions or describing processes (e.g. how to
prepare a dish), you should give the reader detailed, accurate information in the right
chronological order. Sentences should be short, clear and simple. Each stage of
instructions is usually placed on a new line.
• The Passive Voice is used when describing processes, e.g. Coffee beans are picked.
They are immediately laid out to dry. When they have been dried, they are hulled to
free the seeds from their coverings.
• Sub-headings can be used to describe the various stages. Alternatively, you can
number each piece of information. To link one piece of information with another you
can use sequence words (see Part 2) or expressions such as: make sure, wait,
remember, be careful, do not, you should. e.g. First peel and chop the onions.
Then, crack the eggs into a bowl.
• You should use the imperatives when writing instructions. e.g. Put the cake in the
oven at 180º C.
• Instructions, directions and explanations of processes can be found in cookery books,
manuals, leaflets or as part of a letter according to their purpose.
Read the model and underline the sequence words. Then, answer these questions:
- What verb form is used to write instructions?
- Does the model include sub-headings and why?
- Does the model follow a chronological order?
SPONGE CAKE
Ingredients
6 egg yolks 6 egg whites
½ cup milk strawberries
1½ cup sugar icing
1½ cup plain flour cream
Preparation
1. Beat egg yolks for about 5 minutes. Add milk and mix. Gradually beat in 1 cup of
sugar.
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2. Sprinkle ½ cup flour over yolk mixture; fold in till combined. Repeat with remaining
flour, ½ cup at a time.
3. Beat egg whites and cream till soft peaks form. Gradually add the remaining sugar.
4. Fold 1 cup of the beaten egg white mixture into the yolk mixture; fold yolk mixture
into remaining white mixture. Pour into an ungreased 10-inch cake tin.
5. Bake for 1 hour till cake springs back. Immediately turn cake over and cool
thoroughly. Loosen sides of cake from tin and remove.
6. Finally pour over icing and pile strawberries on top.
Oven 160º C.
Part 2
When we exchange detailed information, such as the steps in a recipe, we often have to
ask for clarification in order to get the exact information we need. What language is
used to ask for clarification? Underline the words and expressions.
A: I’m not clear on what “hand hot” means.
B: It means warm, but not very warm. If you put a finger in the milk,
it shouldn’t get burned.
A: Could you explain something else? Where should I let it stand?
B: Well, any warm, safe place in your kitchen, really. I put mine in
the oven, but I don’t turn it on. The inside of the oven is usually a
little warmer than the rest of house, and no one will disturb it.
A: What if someone wants to use the oven?
B: Well, if you’re afraid that someone will turn on the oven while the
yoghurt is in there, write a note and put it on the controls of the
oven!
In good paragraph writing, it is important to move smoothly from sentence to sentence.

We can use transitional words and phrases such as first, then, in addition, on the other
hand, until, as a result, but to make our writing more effective. Write the transitional
words or phrases in the correct places in the chart.
the effect was first than
at the beginning also last
in the first place second and
as a consequence instead in addition
to start with as a result consequently
in contrast on one hand on the other hand
next after that as soon as
Addition
Cause/effect
Chronological order
Compare/contrast
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 Speaking
Think of your favourite dish. Work with a partner. Take turns explaining to each other
how to make your favourite dishes. As your partner is explaining, ask for clarification.
Use the words and expressions mentioned above.
Listening
You are going to listen to a chef describing how to make a traditional Mediterranean
dish. Read the recipe then listen to the tape and fill in the missing words.
STUFFED TOMATOES
Ingredients
4 large tomatoes 1 cup of water
5 tablespoons of rice some parsley
1 large onion a pinch of salt and pepper
2 cloves of garlic 2 tablespoons of finely grated
2 cups of olive oil breadcrumbs
Preparation
• First wash the tomatoes and 1) …… off the tops.
• Then 2) ……. out the flesh with a spoon and 3) …… it in a bowl.
• 4) ……. the empty tomatoes on a baking tray.
• Finely chop the onion, garlic and parsley.
• Add them to the tomato flesh.
• 5) …… the rice and one cup of olive oil to the mixture.
• 6) ……… the mixture with salt and pepper.
• Mix the ingredients thoroughly with a wooden spoon.
• 7) …… the tomatoes with the mixture and 8) ……... them with the tops.
• 9) …… the rest of the olive oil and water over the tomatoes.
• Sprinkle them with the breadcrumbs.
• Put the tomatoes in the pre-heated oven.
• 10) ……. for about 50 minutes.
• Serve with freshly baked, home-made bread.
Oven 200˚C/ gas mark 6. Serves 4
Exercise 12
Write the ingredients to make the following dishes.
1. Make a cake P _ _ P _ _
B U T T E R C _ _ _ _ _ _
E _ _ S O N _ _ _ _
F L _ _ _ 3. Make a chicken sandwich
M _ _ K B R _ _ _
S _ _ _ _ B _ _ _ _ R
2. Make a stew L _ _ T _ _ _
M _ _ T C H _ _ _ _ _
S _ _ T T _ _ _ _ _ _ _
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Exercise 13
How do we make cakes? How do we cook other dishes? Here are the recipes of the two
typical very popular English national dishes. Cook them, bring them in the classroom
and share with your groupmates. Find out their opinion about them. Please, do it in turn,
not to provoke indigestion!
APPLE CAKE
Ingredients
250g cooking apples 200g soft brown sugar
100g raisins 350g self-raising flour
100g sultanas 175g butter
150ml milk 1 egg
Preparation
1. Peel and chop the apples.
2. Mix together the apples, raisins, sultanas, milk and sugar.
3. Mix together the flour and butter (softened) in an another bowl.
4. Add the fruit mixture and the egg and mix very well.
5. Put into a buttered 20-centimetre square cake tin. Put a little white sugar on the top.
6. Cook in the oven at 170˚C for 1 hour 45 minutes.
7. Serve hot or cold with fresh cream.
SHEPHERD’S PIE
Ingredients
450g (1lb) minced beef 700g (1.5lb) potatoes
1 large onion 25g (1oz) butter
2 carrots 60ml fresh milk
50g (2oz) mushrooms 50g cheese
25g (1oz) flour salt and pepper
300ml (1/2pint) beef stock
Preparation
1. Slice the onions, carrots and mushrooms.
2. Fry them in a pan with the minced beef for about 8-10 minutes, stirring all the time.
3. Add the flour and stir for one more minute.
4. Add the beef stock and some salt and pepper and stir again until the mixture
becomes thicker.
5. Transfer to a casserole dish and put into the oven at 190˚C for 25 minutes.
6. Meanwhile, cook the peeled potatoes in boiling salted water for 20 minutes.
7. Then drain and mash together with the butter and milk.
8. Put the potato on top of the minced mixture, grate the cheese and put it on top.
9. Return the dish to the oven at 200˚C for 15 minutes.
10. Serve hot with a green vegetable.
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Pre-listening
Read the new words (in bold type) with explanations and guess their meaning. Explain
the meaning of these words to your neighbour illustrating them in sentences of you own.
fluffy - soft and light
formula - method
dribble - let smth fall a little at a time
fold in - to stir in gently with a spoon
flan-case - flat dish
draught - movement of air in a room or other enclosed place
delicate, feather-light - fine, light in texture
Listening
Listen to the recording and answer each of the following questions by choosing from A,
B, C or D.
1. Julia will make the sponge by 4. The flour must be
hand because A. whisked a lot in the mixture
A. she hasn’t got a machine B. added gently to the mixture
B. she prefers to do it by hand C. whisked with the eggs
C. Ray tells her to do it by hand D. not mixed in at all
D. her machine isn’t working
2. Julia must start by putting 5. When the mixture is ready, Julia must
A. the flour in the bowl put it
B. the whisk in the bowl A. in water
C. the eggs and sugar in the bowl B. in a dish
D. the eggs and sugar and flour in the C. in flour
bowl D. in butter
3. Ray tells her to whisk the eggs
and sugar 6. The cake must be cooked
A. for a long time A. in a cool oven for 20 min
B. in hot water B. in draught
C. for a moment or two C. in a hot oven for 7 min
D. until the eggs separate D. in a hot oven for 20 min
Post-listening
Find the word or phrase on the tape for which each of the following words or phrases in
italics is an explanation.
1. it’s not really very hard
2. I do propose
3. use the 3-3-3 method
4. and beat them over some heat
5. until they’ve increased
6. at that moment it would be ready
7. not roughly
8. put the mixture
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9. you’ve buttered earlier
10. put in the oven
11. try not to move it
Exercise 14
Translate the following recipe into Ukainian in writing:
Varenyky with cottage cheese
Dough: 3 cups whole-wheat flour, ¾ cup milk or water, 1 egg, ½ tsp salt.
Filling: 800g cottage cheese, ½ cup sugar, 2 eggs, salt.
Pour boiled water or milk over a portion of the flour (1/3 of the entire liquid), mix
well, add the rest of the liquid at room temperature. Add salt and egg (preferably only
egg yolk), the remaining flour, make dough and allow to stand for 40 minutes. Rub
cottage cheese through the sieve, mix with salt, sugar and raw eggs. Roll the dough into
thin flat round pieces, place about one teaspoon of cottage cheese filling on them and
close edges firmly by pinching. Drop the varenyky one by one into boiling salted water
and boil for 5-7 minutes. Serve buttered with sour cream.
Exercise 15
Write the instructions for two recipes according to the following pictures.
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Exercise 16
Бісквіт зі смородиновою начинкою

На 16 порцій: 70г вершкового масла, ¼ ч. л. солі, 200г борошна, 100г цукру, 5
яєць, 250г червоної смородини, 500г цукрової пудри, 1 ст. л. рому, 250мл.
вершків, 5 пакетиків згущувача вершків, м’ята.
Спосіб приготування:
1. Розігрійте духовку до 225. Вершкове масло доведіть до кипіння з сіллю, 1 ч.
л. цукру та 2 ст. л. води. Помішуючи, всипте борошно.
2. Перекладіть в миску, збийте яйця та замісіть тісто. Випечіть 5 тонких коржів
(10-12 хв.); 2 коржі покришіть. Ягоди помийте.
3. Розітріть їх з цукровою пудрою, ромом і дайте настоятись 30 хв. Вершки з
цукром та згущувачем збийте до утворення густої піни та додайте 2/3 до
ягід.
4. 3 коржі змастіть ягідними вершками та покладіть один на одного. Краї торта
змастити вершками. Посипати торт крихтами та прикрасити листочками
м’яти.
Приготування: 90 хвилин.
В одній порції: 340 ккал.
Ягідний торт з горіхами та йогуртом

На 14 порцій: 150г вершкового масла, 180г цукру, 2 яйця, 250г муки, ½
пакетика розпушувача, 200г горіхів, по 250г малини, вишні та червоної
смородини, 1 пакетик ванільного цукру, 500мл. молока, 250г йогурту, 100мл.
вершків, сіль, 1 пакетик желе червоного кольору.
Спосіб приготування:
1. Нагріти духовку до 175. Вершкове масло змішати з 120г цукру та сіллю,
додати яйця та збити. Ввести муку з розпушувачем.
2. Відкласти 14 горіхових ядер. Решту додати в тісто та перемішати. В
змащену жиром форму викласти тісто та випікати 30 хв.
3. Дати охолонути. Зварити на молоці пудинг, додати 60 г цукру, остудити і
ввести в йогурт. Корж покласти в кільце для торта.
4. Викладіть крем. Нехай застигне. Приготувати желе. Рівномірно розкласти
ягоди, залити желе та поставити в холодильник. Збити вершки та прикрасити
торт вершковими трояндами та горіхами.
Приготування: 50 хвилин.
В одній порції: 280 ккал.
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Pre-reading
1. Look at the pictures and match the dishes (A-D) to the countries they are traditionally
eaten (1-4).
A fish and chips ………. 1 Ireland
B Irish stew ………. 2 USA
C burger and fries ………. 3 Canada
D pancakes and maple syrup ………. 4 Britain
2. For which of the dishes above (A-D) would you need these ingredients?
1. 100 grams of minced beef, grilled or fried …………..
2. pieces of deep-fried potato, sprinkled with salt and vinegar …………..
3. syrup made from the sap of the maple tree …………..
4. meat, potatoes, onions, carrots and parsley …………..
 Reading
Read the text and answer the questions, then use your dictionary to look up the words in
bold.
Fish and Chips
One of Britain’s best-known meals is fish and chips. It is not only delicious, but also
a part of British culture.
The fish is covered in batter (made from eggs, milk and flour) then fried in hot oil.
When cooked, the batter is crispy and the piece of fresh fish inside is soft. This is
served with chips, pieces of deep-fried potato, which are them sprinkled with salt and
vinegar.
Fish and chip shops have been around since the 19th century. It was traditional in
parts of Britain to eat fish and chips on Friday evening. Families would usually buy
them from their nearest shop and serve them at home. It used to be quite a cheap meal
and was often served wrapped in newspaper.
Irish Stew
Any Irish person will tell you that the best Irish stew is the one their mother makes.
In fact, no two Irish stews are the same, because everyone who cooks it changes the
recipe in their own way.
Originally, Irish stew was a dish that poorer people made because it was cheap and
filling. The main ingredients were lamb and potatoes, both of which were easy to find in
Ireland. Other ingredients were usually onions, carrots and parsley.
Today, Irish stew is still the same basic dish – a kind of thick soup or casserole
made of meat, potatoes and vegetables. However, the exact recipe varies to suit
individual tastes and the availability of ingredients. For example, many Irish
immigrants in America found beef to be cheaper and more available than lamb, and so
they used beef instead. Some recipes have even changed this simple dish into a
gourmet meal.
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Burger and Fries
A burger and fries is by far the most popular type of meal bought in the US. In fact,
Americans buy almost 5 billion burgers a year! This popularity has spread around the
world with the growth of international “fast food” restaurant chains.
Many people say that the first burger was served at the St Louis World’s Fair in
1904. The first chain of burger restaurants started with the White Castle burger in 1921,
and it was a great success.
The classic burger is made from about 100 grams of minced beef which is fried or
grilled, then served in a bun covered with sesame seeds. The growing popularity of
vegetarianism has also led to burgers made from soya bean “meat” instead. Fries, also
called French fries, are cooked like English chips, but they are cut into thinner slices.
A burger and French fries may not be the healthiest meal in the world – but it is
certainly one of the word’s favourites.
Pancakes with Maple Syrup
Canada’s most famous dish is pancakes with maple syrup. It is traditionally eaten
for breakfast, and can be found on the menu in practically every dinner in the country.
Pancakes are made from eggs, milk and flour, and they are cooked on a griddle.
They are round and quite thick, and they are served with maple syrup poured over the
top.
Maple syrup is made from the sap of the sugar maple tree. The sap is collected from
the trees in early spring, then boiled until it turns into a golden syrup. The syrup is
delicious when poured on ice-cream, waffles – and, of course, pancakes.
Post-reading
• Which text(s) – A, B, C or D – mention(s) a dish………
1. that may be fried in oil?
2. that includes meat?
3. traditionally eaten in the morning?
4. some of whose ingredients may vary?
5. traditionally eaten on a particular day of the week?
• Match the italicized words to their synonyms, then explain them in your own
language: surely; changes; presented; tasty; simple; typical
Speaking
• What are the most popular traditional dishes in your country? What do you know
about their history, how they are made, etc?
• What food would you recommend to somebody visiting your country for the first
time?
• What are the pleasant and unpleasant aspects of cooking for you?
• Do you think, with the growing popularity of fast food, convenience food, junk food
etc., we are losing forever the art of fine cooking and good eating?
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Writing
1. Your friend finds the University Canteen’s menus monotonous and the choice of
dishes scanty. She thinks she should take up cooking as soon as possible. But the
problem is that she has got neither skill nor ability to use her grants. She seeks for
your help and advice. Share your cooking experience and provide your friend with a
few recipes which are simple in cooking and not expensive.
2. A friend has asked you for a new idea for a meal. Think of something you can cook
and write down instructions for making it and cooking it as you would write it to
send to him/her by post. Use transitional words and phrases.
3. Think about your favourite holiday food. Answer the questions on a sheet of paper.
- What is its history? Where does it come from? How is it made? What is its value
in your culture?
- What are its special qualities? What makes it different from other foods? Why do
you like it? Why might other people not like it?
- What would you do if you moved to a place where you couldn’t get this food?
4.Use your ideas to write a paragraph about your favourite dish on a sheet of paper. Use
transitional words and phrases in your paragraph to move from sentence to sentence.
Exercise 17
1. На свій день народження вона завжди готує своє фірмове блюдо – голубці.
2. Страви з тіста займають велике місце в раціоні українців.
3. Для капустяної начинки вимийте та нашаткуйте велику капустину. Потушіть
капусту на олії до готовності, додаючи сіль.
4. Щоб приготувати рублені котлети, треба обскубати і почистити одне курча,
відділити м’ясо від кісток та зробити філе, а потім фарш.
5. М’ясо необхідно перемолоти, додати ½ склянки борошна, ½ буханки білого
хліба, вимоченого у воді.
6. Обчищену картоплю відварити, пропустити крізь м’ясорубку, додати сире
яйце, сіль, перець.
7. Макарони варять у грибному бульйоні, а потім змішують з дрібно нарізаними
вареними грибами та підсмаженою на маслі нарізаною цибулею.
8. Очищену нарізану щуку посипають сіллю та перцем, заливають сметаною і
тушкують або готують на маленькому вогні.
9. У тарілку з борщем кладуть варені потрухи, сметану та дрібно нарізану
петрушку.
10. У підготовлену капусту додають мелені сухарі, розтерті з цукром жовтки,
розігріте вершкове масло, підсмажену нарізану цибулю, збиті білки, сіль,
перець, кладуть у каструлю і запікають в духовці.
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Describing food
Tasty; delicious; tasteless; insipid; bland; mild; plain; sweet; creamy; bitter; sour; salty;
sugary; sickly; savoury; highly-seasoned; flavoured; nourishing; hot; spicy; salted;
fresh; tender; tough; fatty; lean; fattening; crunchy; stale; greasy; stodgy; more-ish;
mouth-watering; succulent; rare; medium-rare; well-done; done to a turn.
Part 1. Interview your partners and then report about the following things.
Use these phrases:
Do you mind if I ask you some questions?
Excuse me, I’d like to know....
I was wondering what food is to your taste? is to your liking?
Do you like your menu varied? monotonous?
What food do you prefer on weekdays? weekends?
Plain Salty Bland Refreshing
Overcooked Undercooked Spicy Succulent
Overdone/ Underdone/ Crispy Crunchy
Lean Highly-seasoned Watery Fatty
Juicy Fattening Disgusting Weak
Insipid Rare Hot Digestible
Tasteless Medium-rare Savoury Dainty
Tart Well-done/cooked Zesty Nourishing
Sour Done to a turn Flavoured Tasty
Bitter More-ish Sweet Delicious
Tough Creamy Sugary Mouth-watering
Edible Rotten Lip-smacking Undersalted/
Stodgy Detestable Crusty Oversalted
Perishable Rough Scrumptious Rich
Lukewarm Tender Appetizing Thick
Stale Greasy Spiced
Part 2. Use the taste and flavour words above to describe the following:
1. Indian curry 5. A cup of tea with 5 spoonfuls of
2. Pizza sugar
3. Sea water 6. Strong black coffee with no sugar
4. An unripe apple 7. Factory-made white bread
Part 3. What might you say to the person/people with you in a restaurant if ……
1. your chips had too much oil/fat on them?
2. your dish had obviously been cooked too much/too long?
3. your piece of meat was absolutely perfectly cooked?
4. your dish seemed to have no flavour at all?
Part 4. Fill in the table using the necessary words which describe taste.
1. crisps, nuts, bacon
2. pastries, cakes, chocolate, honey
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3. curry, chilli, Tabasco, chilli peppers
4. dark chocolate, olives, black coffee
5. chips, fried bacon, fried chicken
6. bad milk, lemons, pickled onions
7. whipped cream, yoghurt, milk
Part 5. Fill in the blanks with the correct word.
1. Indian food is often very hot and …………. .
2. I’m sorry for being so noisy, but this apple is really …………. .
3. Haven’t we got any fresh bread? This loaf is ………… .
4. The meat was …………. because she forgot to take it out of the oven in time.
5. Fizzy drinks are very ……….. and can be bad for your teeth.
Part 6. Choose the right answer.
1. What are you cooking? It ..... good.
a) feels b) flavours c) smells d) sniffs
2. The dish had a very interesting taste as it was ..... with lemon.
a) flavoured b) pickled c) seasoned d) spiced
3. The apple was so ..... that he put some sugar on it.
a) bad b) juicy c)ripe d)sour
4. It tasted so …… of mint that the other flavours were lost.
a) forcefully b) fully c) hardly d) strongly
5. The apples had become so ..... that we had to throw them away.
a) overripe b) poisonous c) rotten d) green
6. That milk smells ..... .
a) acid b) bitter c) sharp d) sour
7. The sauce would be more . . . . . if you had put more garlic.
a) taste b) tasteful c) tasteless d) tasty
8. The delicious spread of sweets made the child's mouth ..….. .
a) cold b) dry c) water d) wet
9. Please, put some more water in my coffee because it is too ….… .
a) black b) dense c) strong d) thick
10. If there is one thing I don't like, it is ..... tea.
a) delicate b) light c) pale d) weak
11. I wouldn't eat those gooseberries if I were you, they don't look ……. .
a) formed b) ready c) ripe d) underdone
12. There is nothing more …… on a warm day than a glass of ice-cold fruit juice.
a) freshing b) quenching c) refreshing d) relaxing
13. Mr Forgetful didn’t put the milk in the fridge so it …….. .
a) went back b) went down c) went off d) went out
14. I don’t like my steak cooked too long. I like it …… .
a) hard b) raw c) underdone d) well done
15.Mr Fatty wants to slim, so he should avoid eating ..... foods such as bread or
potatoes.
a) fatty b) greasy c) spicy d) starchy
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 Reading and  Speaking
Read the following dialogue and act out your own conversation at table. Explain the
meaning of the underlined phrases. Use them in the sentences of your own.
At table
Nick: I say, mum, I’m terribly hungry. I haven’t had a thing all day. I could do with a
snack.
Mother: Why, you’re just in time for dinner.
Nick: No soup for me. I’d rather have beefsteak.
Mother: Are you quite sure you wouldn’t like some soup? It tastes all right.
Nick: There is nothing like steak and chips. I’ll go and wash my hands.
Mother: How’s the steak? I’m afraid it’s underdone.
Nick: Oh, it’s done to a turn, just to my liking. I don’t like meat overdone. May I have
another helping of chips?
Mother: Yes, certainly. Hand me your plate, please, and help yourself to the salad. Just
to see how it tastes.
Nick: Oh, it’s delicious.
Mother: Shall I put some mustard on your steak?
Nick: No, thanks, I don’t care for mustard. I’d rather take a spoonful of sauce. Pass me
the sauce, please.
Mother: Here you are. Oh, isn’t there a smell of something burning?
Nick: So there is.
Mother: I’ve left the layer-cake in the oven.
Nick: For goodness’ sake get it out quickly.
Mother (coming back): Oh, Nick! How awkward of you to have split the sauce over the
table cloth. Get a paper napkin from the sideboard and cover it up.
Nick: I’m terribly sorry. I was quite upset about my favourite cake getting spoiled.
Mother: Don’t worry. Here it is, brown and crispy on the outside. What will you have,
tea or coffee?
Nick: A cup of tea.
Mother: Any milk? Shall I put butter on your bread?
Nick: No, thanks. I can’t see the sugar-basin.
Mother: It’s behind the bread-plate. Have a better look.
Nick: I’m afraid it’s the salt cellar.
Mother: So it is. In my hurry I must have left it in the dresser.
Nick: It’s all right. I’ll get it myself.
Mother: Help yourself to the cake. There’s nothing else to follow.
Nick: I’ve had a delicious meal.
Exercise 18
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Десять заповідей кухаря
ЗАПОВІДЬ ПЕРША: Усе починається із закупівлі. Caмe тоді вирішується, які
продукти ви принесете додому. Вони мають бути бездоганні. М'ясо - тварин,
яких відгодовували натуральними продуктами; овочі - за сезоном, ароматні;
вершки, молоко, масло, яйця і т.ін. - свіжі.
ЗАПОВІДЬ ДРУГА: Кожній страві - свій сезон! Полуниці або спаржу можна
купити і взимку, але це не їхня пора. Натуральні продукти треба подавати до
столу за сезоном, тоді їхня якість найкраща.
ЗАПОВІДЬ ТРЕТЯ: Свіжість - передусім! Це однаково стосується і овочів, і
фруктів, і м'яса, і риби, і птиці. Адже із зів'ялих овочів, несвіжої риби чи
курки навіть найкращий кухар не створить дива.
ЗАПОВІДЬ ЧЕТВЕРТА: Користуйтеся сучасною кухонною технікою! Вам
потрібен, насамперед, гарний кухонний комбайн з міксером і м'ясорубкою. І
ще не забудьте: каструлі, горщики та сковорідки мають бути з товстим дном,
щоб тепло розподілялося рівномірно.
ЗАПОВІДЬ П'ЯТА: Готуйте уважно! Високоякісні продукти потребують
особливого догляду: якщо їх готувати ретельно вони збережуть смак,
вітаміни, мінеральні речовини і свіжість. М'ясо буде ніжним, птиця й риба -
м'якими, а овочі - хрусткими.
ЗАПОВІДЬ ШОСТА: Обачно з жиром! Добра кухня - це не дієтична кухня! В ній є
місце для масла, олії та інших жирів. Вони роблять страву ароматною і
смачною. Проте користуйтеся жирами розважливо, дозуйте помірно.
ЗАПОВІДЬ СЬОМА: Соус - лише для смаку! Густі гострі борошняні соуси
відійшли в минуле. Соус не повинен заміняти м'ясо. Нові соуси легкі й
присмачують страву. Замість борошна тепер використовують вершки. І
обмаль жиру.
ЗАПОВІДЬ ВОСЬМА: Небагато, але смачно! Порції не повинні бути великі, а
тарілки переповнені. Але з-за столу ви маєте виходити не голодними! Страви
нової кухні не містять нічого зайвого і вгамовують голод, даючи насолоду.
ЗАПОВІДЬ ДЕВ'ЯТА: Очі теж їдять! Раніше їжу намагалися прикрасити химерно,
наприклад, кружельцями консервованих ананасів. Нині підхід інший: все, що
є в тарілці, має бути не тільки їстівним, але й присмачувати страву.
ЗАПОВІДЬ ДЕСЯТА: Експериментуйте. Пробуйте. Дайте волю своїй куховарській
фантазії. Проте за однієї умови: не готуйте, не покуштувавши. Страви мають
доповнювати одна одну.
 Reading
A Housewife’s Day
Look carefully below at the different things that can be made in the kitchen. Why it
should be me that goes out to work: an extract from the diary of a frustrated and
indecisive housewife or husband.
08.30 'Bye, bye. Have a nice day! ... Now what can I do for their
dinner today? Something simple but nourishing, tasty but
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not too 'hot' or spicy, not too exotic but not too plain. ...
I've got a few eggs; I could give them to them poached - on
toast - or scramble them, or fry them, or ... no, they don't
like boiled eggs. I suppose I could make an omelette ... or a
soufflé - they'd like that. The trouble is, my soufflés never
rise. Besides, I'd really been planning to use those eggs in a
cake - a nice vanilla sponge. I've got lots of flour, butter,
sugar, vanilla essence and icing sugar to dust it; and for a
filling I could use those blackcurrants from the garden.
Lovely!
11.00 Then again, those blackcurrants are so nice and fresh, it

seems a pity to put them in a cake. Better to have them raw
after dinner. Or perhaps I ought to stew them; they'll
probably need a bit of sweetening. I could put them into a
fruit salad, or perhaps a trifle - we haven't had one for a
long time. ... But I did say that I was going to bottle them
this year, preserve them, or make jam with them; you can
even make chutney from blackcurrants.
12.30 This is not helping towards dinner. Concentrate! ... How

about a blackcurrant tart for dessert? The pastry would be
no problem; puff pastry, perhaps, I can manage that. I could
make a flan - that would make a nice change. And while I'm
making pastry for the base of the flan, I might as well
double the amounts and use the rest for a few savoury vol-
au-vents and perhaps a round of shortbread. If there's any
left over, I could always use it up on some biscuits or
macaroons - the kids would love that. In fact, I could really
go to town and make a quiche for all of us, or fish and chips
- basic pancake batter, nothing to it, really.
14.30 No, I've got it! Forget the flan. A meat pie! A gigantic meat
pasty, perhaps. I've got some beef in the freezer, and some
kidneys. Steak and kidney pie. ... It's not their favourite, of
course. They often say they prefer their meat roast. But that
meat's no good for roasting. I could braise it, I suppose, but
that takes such a long time. ... I could mince it and then ...
No. Perhaps if I made it into a stew - a big casserole; that's
easy enough. ... But if I don't do pastry, I'll have to cook
some potatoes. Roast potatoes wouldn't go. Jacket potatoes
are easiest, but the ones I've got are so small. We've had them
boiled for the past five nights. They can't stand them mashed
or creamed. Croquettes would take me all afternoon. Chips
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don't really go with stew. ... Unless I change the stew to
kebabs. ... No. Perhaps I'd better try and bake those little
ones after all.
16.30 Come to think of it, I've got all I need to do some real
baking: flour – plain and self-raising — and yeast for the
dough. They'd appreciate some oven-warm bread. I could
manage a few buns or scones, and they love those little
croissant-type rolls I make for their birthdays. If they have
some nice bread, they probably won't want more than a soup
to go with it - a thick vegetable soup - that's it. I've got some
carrots to go in and one or two other ingredients. Though I
must say I prefer carrots raw, shredded in a salad... . In fact,
a salad wouldn't be a bad idea. I've got oil, vinegar and
mustard for a dressing. Talking of mustard, why don't I ...
17.30 Oh hello. Have a nice day? What would you say to a nice
Chinese takeaway this evening?'
Exercise 19
Creative cooking
What do you do when friends turn up unexpectedly and you have’t done any shopping?
Answer: do the best you can with what you’ve got! This imaginative recipe requires
only the most ordinary of ingredients. This week, a delicious combination of tuna, apple
and brandy!
Part 1. Fill the gaps in the recipe with verbs from the box.
sprinkle simmer bake serve slice chop sauté add peel melt pour stir smother
Baked tuna and apple flambé
Ingredients
1 onion 1 tin tuna
1 apple 100g butter
some stale bread a bottle of brandy
Preparation
First …1… the onion and the apple. Thinly …2…. the onion, and …3… the apple into
small pieces. …4… the butter in a pan, and …5… the onion gently in the butter until it
begins to turn yellow. Then …6… half a cup of water. Bring to the boil and leave to
…7… for a few minutes. …8… the tuna and the chopped apple, and …9… thoroughly.
Put the mixture in an ovenproof dish. …10… with breadcrumbs over the top, and
…11… in a hot oven for 30 minutes or until it is golden brown. Warm a small glass of
brandy and …12… it over the baked tuna. Set light to it, and …13… immediately.
Would you eat baked tuna and apple flambé?
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Part 2. Work in groups. On a piece of paper, write a list of ingredients. Give your list to
another group, who will write a recipe for you.
What do you think of the result?
Pre-listening
Ray gives advice what food to prepare for a children’s party. Read the new words with
their explanations.
ripple ice-cream - a block of ice-cream with wavy lines of a fruit sauce running
through it so that the sauce looks like ripples on water.
icing - sugar mixture, made by adding the white of an egg to fine icing- sugar, used to
decorate cakes.
blancmange - flavoured milk pudding, eaten cold.
wouldn’t go for - wouldn’t choose.
palate - here, sense of taste.
pastry cases - shapes made with pastry.
Listening
Decide which of the following is true and which is false, according to the tape.
1. Ray doesn’t recommend coloured ice-creams.
2. Ray would put jelly with sponge cake.
3. He suggests cutting the cake into small pieces.
4. He thinks sandwiches would be useful.
5. Isabel has already decided what to put in the sandwiches.
6. Ray thinks children would like salami.
7. Chicken would be too strong for children.
8. Ray is the first to mention egg sandwiches.
9. Making a cake would be no trouble.
10. Pastry cases would be useful to put the cake pieces into.
Post-listening
I. Find the word or phrase opposite in the meaning to each of the words and phrases in
italics. They are all taken from the tape.
1. very, very simple 5. a lot of work
2. small individual jellies 6. a good idea
3. differences in colour 7. chicken is rather nice
4. you could buy
II. Listen to the tape again and fill in the blanks below.
“You can, .....………, make certain things ………….. which would be very, very .....….
to do. You could make very small ……………. jellies, different …………. jellies; you
could ……. some ripple …………… or a …………. of coloured ice-creams and put
small ………… of ice-cream with the ………., but again emphasis being on ………….
of …………”.
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Writing
You are going to entertain four very old people / small children and want to give them
supper. Make a list of food suitable for old people to eat in the evening.
PART IV
MY MEALS
Make a class survey and then report about the following things.
Use these phrases:
Do you mind if I ask you some questions?
How about answering ....?
Excuse me, I’d like to know....
I was wondering whether.......
• the time you have lunch and dinner
• a typical lunch or dinner lasts
• eat bread with your main meal
• eat melon, pasta, fish, steak
• put butter on your bread
• drink tea in the afternoon
• drink tea with your dinner
• like pasta
• eat spaghetti with garlic and tomato sauce when you go out on a romantic date
• eat something for breakfast
• eat something hot for breakfast
• eat soup in summer
• eat salad in winter
• peel an apple before you eat it
• peel vegetables before you cook them
• like meat
• eat meat every day
• like eating in front of the television
• usually eat with the rest of the family
• smoke at the dinner table
• mind if someone else smokes at the dinner table
Exercise 1
Put each of the following words into its correct space in the passage below.
afternoon breakfast continental morning meals syrup second supper
bacon chocolate English lunch menu rolls juice
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Meals
Most people eat three …….. a day — breakfast, ……. and dinner. Some eat a fourth
meal, …...... , late at night. …..…. tradition provides an extra light meal served in the
late ……….. . Its basic …….... usually includes tea and special tea cakes or cucumber
sandwiches.
Meals vary in different countries. …….….. in the United States may include fruit or
fruit …......, coffee, toast, and a choice of cereal or …...… and eggs. Many people like
pancakes with maple …..... for breakfast. .….…….. Europeans sometimes have an early
breakfast of ….... and coffee or hot .….……., and eat a …...…. breakfast later on in the
..……… .
 Speaking
What foods do you eat when you are tired? at a celebration? at home? on a picnic? at a
fast-food restaurant? at an expensive restaurant? Fill in the chart.
Occasion Foods You Eat
At work
At formal party
On your birthday
In hot weather
In cold weather
When you receive foreign guests
When you are as hungry as a hunter
When you are having barbecue
 Reading
Read the title of the text. Then make a list of five different drinks and the reasons we
have them.
Why We Eat What We Eat

by Karen Odom
Candied grasshoppers or fried termites are considered to be mouth-watering, lip-
smacking treats to eat in China and parts of west Africa, just as roasted mice
caterpillars are scrumptious edibles in parts of southern Africa. Most North
Americans, however, would be surprised if they were offered any of these as food
5 and probably wouldn’t want to try them. Similarly, Americans may say that they
are ‘Hungry enough to eat a horse,’ but if they were in Argentina or France, they
would never dig in and eat the horse meat served in various regions of these
countries.
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What makes us choose the foods we do, and what makes certain foods desirable
10 in one country but not in another? The experts do not have a single answer to this
question, but rather several. Actually, what motivates us to choose certain foods
over others is a complex blend of several factors – the foods we have been exposed
to during our childhoods, the geography of our countries, the associations we make
with specific foods used in celebrations and feasts, and our countries’ individual
15 customs and traditions. In fact, the choices we make about food often have less to
do with nutrition than with customs and pleasure.
Consuming foods for pleasure can be traced back to when we were fed milk as
infants – our first experience in associating food with comfort, human contact, and
enjoyment. Later in our lives, without even realizing it, we may rich for the same
20 foods that gave us comfort in the past, such as chicken soup, which we were served
when we were sick; ice-cream, which we were given as a special treat or reward; or
chocolate, which we received on birthdays or Valentine’s Day. We associate these
foods with being loved, and they bring comfort in times of stress.
The particular goods that people find comforting vary from culture to culture, as
25 do the foods used during celebrations and feasts. Generally, colder countries have
traditionally served hot foods to warm up people who have to travel in the cold,
while countries with warmer climates are accustomed to serving cold foods to keep
cool. For example, North Americans eat a dinner of hot roasted turkey at
Thanksgiving, and the French eat hot roasted goose at Christmas. In Lebanon,
30 however, people might eat tabouleh (parsley salad) and Baba Ganouj (cold
eggplant and garbanzo dip) to keep cool.
Geography also plays an important role in the foods we choose. Since Japan is
surrounded by water, it is not surprising to learn that the Japanese diet is rich in fish
and seaweed. Millet, a type of grass cultivated for grain, is a basic food in Africa,
35 where it is plentiful; but it is regarded as undesirable in other places where it is
used as birdseed. Also, in very hot countries it is not unusual to discover that most
food is highly spiced. The reason for this is because before refrigeration, spice was
used to cover up the strong taste food developed in the heat before it spoiled.
Folklore and myth play important roles in the foods we select for celebrations
40 and feasts. In Greece, for instance, a cake containing a single silver coin is served
on New Year’s Day. Whoever finds the coin in his or her serving is said to have
good luck throughout the coming year. In other Mediterranean countries, people
observe similar customs - hiding a dry bean, a ring, or some other object. Similarly,
in the U.S. Southerners traditionally eat black-eyed peas, cornbread, and mustard
45 greens on New Year’s Day to bring good luck in the coming year. At birthday
celebrations in Japan, lobster is the traditional birthday food, because its shape is
thought to resemble someone growing old and bent over. The birthday person who
is being served lobster is being wished a long life.
As people continue to move from country to country, taking their food and
50 customs with them, people will become familiar with each other’s customs. As a
result, our food choices will grow. Before long, it may be just as common to eat
octopus in the United States as it is in Greece or Spain, or to enjoy tacos and mole
85
from Mexico in Turkey or Korea.
Comprehension check
Exercise 1. Use the context to figure out the meanings of the words. Write definitions in
your notebooks.
a) motivate (line 11) d) undesirable (line 37)
b) reward (line 23) e) resemble (line 50)
c) accustomed to (line 29) f) bent over (line 51)
Exercise 2. Answer the questions:
1. What is the nationality of the author?
2. Which culture(s) associates chicken soup with good care during illness?
3. Would the author eat a caterpillar?
4. Does the author think it is a good thing for people to eat food from other
countries?
5. Who does the author think will read the article? Why does she think they will
read it?
Exercise 3. Answer the questions from memory, if possible.
1. In what parts of the world do people enjoy eating grasshoppers and termites?
2. If an American says, ‘I could eat a horse,’ what does the person mean?
3. Why do people find certain food comforting?
4. How does climate and weather affect your food choices?
5. What are some foods people think bring good luck?
6. Why will our food choices continue to grow?
Exercise 4. Organise the information in the reading by filling in the chart. Fill in the
information about the four foods. Then add three more from the reading. Work from
memory, if possible.
Food Culture Reason Used
Roasted turkey
Millet
Tabouleh
Lobster
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Exercise 5. Review the article and find related forms of the words in column 1. Write
each form and its part of speech in column 2.
Word Form(s) and part(s) of speech
1. Roast
2. Comfort
3. Treat
4. Fry
5. Spice
6. Candy
Exercise 6. Write the correct form of the word on the line.

a) French (fry) __________ potatoes are sliced potatoes cooked in oil.
b) Many North Americans find chicken soup (comfort) _________ .
c) (Roast) __________ chicken is a traditional Sunday meal in many countries.
d) For her birthday, Maggy had a special (treat) __________ - a chocolate cake and
ice cream.
e) This soup has no flavour. I wish that I’d ordered something (spice) _________.
 Speaking
1. What foods bring back childhood memories for you?
2. Would you eat caterpillar? Why or why not?
3. What are some foods from other cultures that you like? What do you
associate with them?
4. What are some foods you find comforting? Why do you think this is so?
5. What are some foods that are important to your culture because of
geography and weather?
Writing
Write sentences that describe each food and your reaction to it. Use these and other
words in your sentences.
comforting nourishing amazed
fascinated fattening refreshing
bored interested interesting
sickening disgusted pleased
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Chocolate covered ants
Lemonade
Fried squid
Rice
Fried bananas
➢ All of us have favourite goods and foods that we are used to. How do people feel
when they try new and different foods? Are some people more open to new
experiences than others? Why or why not?
Listening
“Food Talk”
Listen to the radio program and fill in the chart.
Food Why This Food Surprises Some People
1. Mole
2.
3.
4.
5.
Words to remember
Eater: good, poor, light, heavy/hearty, fast, slow, finicky, choosy, picky, fastidious,
gourmet, hungry, thirsty.
Kinds of meals: meal, feast, picnic, barbecue, banquet, buffet.
Phrases to remember
To have/enjoy a good appetite; to eat with relish; to eat with gusto; to eat a
big/small/scanty dinner; to eat in/with moderation; to make do with a cup of tea; to have
regular meals; to have a substantial/square meal; to disguise the natural taste of
ingredients; to content oneself with a cup of tea; to eat to one’s heart’s content; to make
tea; to wait for the tea to brew; hot/lukewarm/stone-cold tea; to wash down a sandwich
with a cup of tea.
Exercise 2
Fill in the necessary prepositions:
- Would you like dinner now?
- Yes, I’m starving. I’m a hearty eater. I like people who have a good appetite, who eat
… relish and gusto. I can’t say I enjoy a hurried meal or eating … the move, … the
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go. I like to take my time … it. Taking the doctor’s advice … consideration, I never
eat … excess, because I know that eating … excess does people harm. I eat … (...)
moderation. When I happen to put … weight (when I’m overweight) I go … a diet.
When … a diet, I live either … vegetables or milk or fruit alone. I lose weight very
quickly. Generally I try to stick … the rule: eat simply.
- What kind of meals do you have?
- I have regular meals. I eat regularly. … the morning I make do … a snack (a
sandwich washed ... … a cup of strong tea). … 11a.m. I have an apple. … the
daytime I enjoy a substantial (square) meal (a good meal). When I’m thirsty I have a
glass … fruit juice. … the evening I content myself … a light supper (small …
quantity) of bread and cheese or leftovers. I eat them if they’re still edible (fresh, not
stale or unfit ... eating). I’m a fussy eater. But I agree that hunger is the best relish.
Exercise 3
1. Я дуже вередливий їдок і захоплююсь людьми, у яких гарний апетит.
2. Я харчуюсь регулярно та помірно, бо знаю, що регулярне харчування дуже
важливе для здоров’я.
3. Понад усе вся наша сім`я любить пити чай з усілякими тістечками, печивом,
цукерками та шоколадом.
4. За обідом я обов`язково їм суп, оскільки погоджуюсь з висловом, що “Обід без
супу - наче будівля без фундаменту”; люблю всі види супів: суп-бульйон, суп з
капустою, з картоплею або з помідорами.
5. Смажена індичка на Різдво - національне блюдо в США.
6. Фарширована качка - улюблена страва нашої сім`ї, і моя мама справжній
знаток у цьому.
7. Я люблю добре поїсти увечері, хоча й знаю, що це шкідливо для здоров’я.
8. Він любить поїсти із задоволенням, а після багатої вечері запити все чашкою
кави.
9. Ввечері вона задовольняється легкою вечерею: шматочком сиру та чаєм.
10. Я люблю різноманітні страви, але я повинна відмітити, що в буденні дні моє
харчування одноманітне.
11. Щодо мене, то я їм багато, і мені здається, що правильне харчування несмачне.
12.Зазвичай я можу обійтися сендвічем, але сьогодні я не стрималася і скуштувала
шматок смаженої качки, відбивну та печиво.
Exercise 4
Fill in the correct word(s) from the list below:
dinner lunch afternoon tea breakfast high tea
• How many meals a day do you eat?
I usually eat four meals a day: ………… in the morning, after getting out of bed;
…….. at 1 p.m.; ………………. (as a rule, a cup of tea with a sandwich) or ……….. (this is
a cooked meal but less than a dinner) at 5 p.m. and ………… (supper) in the evening, at 7 p.m.
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• What do you eat for breakfast, lunch, afternoon tea and dinner?
I don't eat much for breakfast. I eat eggs (fried or boiled), bacon, cheese and all kinds of
porridge (buckwheat, oatmeal, rice, millet, semolina, pearl-barley, pumpkin etc). For lunch I eat
soup, meat or fish and dessert.
Dinner (supper) is, as a rule, scanty: a slice of cheese, a cup of tea or coffee and an apple.
Think about your answers to the questions above. Are they the same or different? Why
‘yes’? Why ‘no’?
Exercise 5
Fill in the correct words from the list below:
Part 1.
healthy hard energy balance breakfast
…………. is, according to doctors, the most important meal of the day. It should
consist of a ………. of protein, carbohydrates and vitamins. A ……….. breakfast will
give you …………. and vitality you need to survive a ………... day at work.
Part 2.
canteens coffee midday cafes dessert consist lunch dinner
……… is a meal taken in the middle of the day, between breakfast and dinner. The
English lunch usually ……….. of two courses – meat or fish with vegetables and a
sweet course (………..). For lunch an Englishman may have chops, steaks, cutlets, fried
fish with vegetables, some salad and so on. A cup of ………., fruit or fruit puddings are
usually taken for the sweet course.
Some people call this meal ………, they don’t have any larger meal after lunch. Thus,
the English word lunch can hardly be translated or explained as ‘the second breakfast’,
the more so as there is a special word in everyday use to denote the ‘second breakfast’, -
it is ‘elevenses’.
Everything in London stops at ……… for lunch. Most offices, institutions and small
shops close for an hour, sat from 1 to 2 p.m. The streets, squares, crossings are full of
people who are on their way to ……… . At factories, plants and docks, workers get
their lunch in ………. .
Exercise 6
Part 1.
Як правило, англійці харчуються 4 рази на день: зранку сніданок, біля 12 години
- обід, о 5- чай, а десь після 7- вечеря. Взагалі, вони їдять більше ніж на
континенті, хоча деяким англійцям подобається такий сніданок з булочками та
кавою як на континенті. Проте, звичайний англійський сніданок - це вівсянка або
пластівці з молоком, чи то з вершками та цукром, але жодний справжній
шотландець (Шотландія - батьківщина вівсянки) не додає цукру до неї. Також, на
сніданок дуже поширеним є свиняча копчена грудинка з яєчнею, мармелад
(частіше апельсиновий) з тостом, намазаним маслом та чай або кава. Щоб не
приїдалось, це може бути круто зварене яйце, шинка, ікра, морські продукти, або
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просто риба: заливний судак, шроти, солоні оселедці, копчена осетрина, чи
форель, запечена з овочами.
Part 2.
Навряд чи можна назвати споживання їжі, коли англійці п`ють чай о 5 годині по
полудні. Для більшості - це просто привід, щоб поспілкуватися за чашкою чаю.
Проте декому подобається так званий “Хай Ті”, до якого подають досить поживну
їжу. У забезпечених сім`ях це може бути шинка чи язик з томатами чи салом,
бутерброди з лососем чи ковбасою, міцний чай з хлібом і маслом, потім компот
чи консервовані груші, абрикоси чи ананаси з вершками й заварним кремом та
тістечками чи торт.
Час вечері по всій Англії десь біля години вечора. Оскільки у багатьох
головним є обід, то на вечерю вони обходяться простішою їжею: омлетом чи
ковбасою, іноді копченою грудинкою з якимось пікантним соусом чи салатом,
склянкою молока чи чаю, можливо з цукерками або печивом.
Exercise 7
In following puzzle find the words which can be eaten on breakfast.
Let’s eat breakfast
P I P S T E A K R S P R
B O T E V B U T T E R E
J Y R O A T M E A L E P
F E K R J C E T Y F C P
S N L D I A H T T F I E
T O I L E D M E G A U P
I H M T Y X G L S W J E
U G C R A C K E R S E S
C O M P O T E M P F S R
S U G A R M J O F T G A
I C T O A S T O W X G E
B Z M H B A C O N V E P
 Reading
Read the following extract from “Cranford” by Mrs. Gaskell and retell it as if you were
telling a friend one of your own experiences.
In a few minutes tea was brought. Very delicate was the china, very old the plate,
very thin the bread and butter, and very small the lumps of sugar. Sugar was evidently
Mrs. Jamieson’s favourite economy. I wonder if the little silver sugar-tongs could have
opened themselves wide enough to take up an honest, vulgar, good-sized piece; and
when I tried to seize two little pieces at once, so as not to be detected in too many
returns to the sugar-basin, they absolutely dropped one, with a little sharp clatter, quite
in a malicious and unnatural manner.
But before this happened, we had had a slight disappointment. In the little silver jug
was cream, in the larger one was milk. As soon as the butler came in, Mrs. Jamieson’s
pet dog, Carlo, began to beg, which was a thing our manners forbade us to do, though I
am sure we were just as hungry; and Mrs. Jamieson said she was certain we would
excuse her if she gave her poor dumb Carlo his tea first. She accordingly mixed a
saucerful for him, and put it down for him to Jap; and then she told us how intelligent
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and sensible the dear little fellow was; he knew cream quite well, and constantly refused
tea with only milk in it; so the milk was left for us; but we silently thought we were
quite as intelligent and sensible as Carlo, and felt as if insult were added to injury when
we were called upon to admire the gratitude evinced by his wagging his tail for the
cream which should have been ours.
Exercise 8
Translate into Ukrainian:
1.The farther raised his glass and proposed a toast to the achievements of his son. 2.
You should not eat more than one piece of buttered toast at breakfast if you want to
keep slim. 3. Our family are late diners, that is why we never have supper. 4. Would you
mind telling me if there is a diner on the Lviv train? 5. I have not got a big enough dish
to put the watermelon on. 6. Tom said he did not like any of the fish dishes. 7. The
waitress brought me a plate of soup. 8. My friend has some old family plates of rare
beauty.
Exercise 9
Fill in the blanks with prepositions or adverbs.
1. In the park Bob treated us ... an ice cream each. 2. There were no vegetable dishes ...
the menu. 3. May I help you ... some salad? 4. My brother suggested that we should buy
some smoked fish ... oil and two or three tins of stuffed pepper ... tomato sauce. 5. He
came down ... breakfast though he did not feel well. 6. What shall we have ... dinner
tomorrow? Don't forget it is my birthday. 7. At noon all workers have a break... lunch.
8. Mary said she would dine... next Monday as she was invited ... dinner at her friends'.
9. ... dessert, they served plum pudding. 10. You cannot see Peter now, he has gone ...
lunch. 11. The party met again ... dinner. 12. Mr. Pickwick raised his glass ... the well
being and happiness of the bride and bridegroom. 13. Will you lay the table ... dinner,
Alice?
 Reading
Read about different drinks and the drinking habits. Note down the beverages below
that you have tried. Beside each, put whether you like it or not and when you would
normally drink it.
The cocktail you couldn't mix
It's funny, isn't it, how your friends never seem to get on well together? Let me
introduce you to some of mine. They're nice people, all of them, but put them in a room
together and the silence is shattering. I just don't understand it. I should have known
they wouldn't get on, though, from their drinking habits.
Retired Colonel, William Smythe-Johnson, MBE: double gins at his club with just a
dash of tonic and a slice of lemon, claret at dinner and brandy, French cognac, after
dinner always has a cup of tea at four o'clock sharp.
His wife, Wilhelmina: dry martini most of the time, champagne cocktail, when
entertaining - vintage champagne.
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Will Smythe, bank manager: scotch and bourbon, usually with ice, occasionally
soda, mainly at home goes mad with duty-free schnapps after annual skiing holiday,
German light white wine with clients, sometimes treats himself to a glass of port after
dinner.
His wife, Helen: Bacardi or other white rums with various mixers, most often
Coke; insists on a glass of medium dry sherry before evening meal; they share freshly
ground coffee (never instant) at breakfast and offer the children pure, natural,
unsweetened, nothing-added whole fruit juice.
W. P. Smytheson, university professor: a teetotaller - greatest love (after books) a
cup of cocoa or drinking chocolate in the comfort of his rooms; drinks mineral water
at the functions he has to attend.
Helena Johnson, fashion designer: occasionally a few vodkas in the lounge; bar
vermouth - Cinzano, Dubonnet, etc. - at home enjoys a good sparkling wine as an
aperitif.
Willy Johns, one of my best friends, a teacher: Guinness (draught, not bottled) in
the saloon bar; a lot of orange squash after cross-country runs with the boys.
Billy Johns, unemployed at the moment: either lager in the saloon bar or rough
cider in the public bar; has had to cut down on drinking lately.
Bill Smith, labourer: drinks mild (dark beer) or bitter (brown beer) in the public bar;
if he's won on the horses, he'll have a bottle of light ale and whisky.
His wife, Minny: drinks milk stout, which makes her quite tipsy, or - less often -
shandy (beer and lemonade), which doesn't; keeps an undrinkable blackcurrant
cordial (she calls it a liqueur) for when visitors come - visitors don't come very often.
 Speaking
Discuss the answers to these questions:
1. What do you think a typical evening meal would be for each of the people in the text
about drinking habits?
2. How serious would you say alcoholism is in your country and/or any other countries
you have visited?
Drinking
Part 1. Make sentence by connecting each person on the left below with the correct
phrase on the right.
a) A teetotaller serves people in a pub.
b) A secret drinker runs a pub.
c) A social drinker has a drink from time to time
d) An occasional drinker only drinks with other people, e.g. at parties.
e) An alcoholic doesn’t want other people to know he drinks.
f) A drunkard drinks a lot.
g) A ‘wino’ is often drunk.
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h) A heavy drinker never drinks alcohol.
i) A publican produces beer in large quantities.
j) A barman is addicted to alcohol.
k) A brewer is a poor person, often homeless, who drinks anything,
anywhere.
Part 2. The dangers of alcoholism are very real. Put the people in the above exercise
(on the left) in order of the danger they are in from alcoholism, with those in greatest at
the top. Then draw a line between those you think are safe alcoholism and those who
might become, or already are, in danger from this disease.
Part 3. Match each drink on the left below with its description on the right.
a) squash a last (alcoholic) drink before going to bed
b) a cocktail a non-alcoholic fruit drink
c) a nightcap a mixture of beer and lemonade (or a similar drink)
d) one for the road a mixture of wine or spirits and hot water, sugar, lemon etc.
e) a shady a refreshing non-alcoholic drink, e.g. squash, coca-Cola
f) punch a single drink of spirits
g) a soft drink a mixed alcoholic drink
h) a short a last drink before driving
Part 4. From the list of drinks on the left above, choose one or more which would be a
good drink for…
…. a children’s party
…. an adults’ party
…. a formal reception
…. someone who’s going to drive
…. a last drink of the evening
…. a hot day
…. someone who is nervous before an important occasion
…. someone who is trying to give up alcohol
Part 5. Put each of the following words into its correct place in the sentences.
sip pub-crawl toast breathalyzer
drop stagger booze corkscrew
intoxicated vineyard cheers hangover
a) Let’s open another bottle of wine. Where’s the __________?

b) We went on a _________ last night. This morning I’ve got a terrible _________.
c) Wine is made of grapes which is grown in a _______.
d) Here’s a _______ to John and Elizabeth.
e) Don’t drink it all at once. Just _______ it.
f) When British people drink they often say, ‘_________’.
g) The police stopped the driver and gave him a ________ test.
h) I don’t want much, please, just a ________.
i) A slang word for alcoholic drink is ‘________’.
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j) A formal word for ‘drunk’ is ‘_______’.
k) He couldn’t walk properly, he could only ________.
Part 6. Briefly describe, as a warning of the possible dangers of alcohol, an evening in
which some people start drinking and end up in a police cell. Use at least six of the
words at the top of the exercise above.
Part 7. Explain the difference in each of the following pairs.
a) sober and drunk
b) tipsy and drunk
c) still orange and fizzy orange
d) draught beer and bottled beer
e) ‘on the wagon’ and teetotal
f) vintage wine and ‘plonk’
g) a pub and an off-licence
h) neat whisky and whisky ‘on the rocks’
i) ‘Dutch courage’ and ‘to go Dutch’
 Reading
Champagne
What do you know about champagne? Who said of champagne, “In victory you deserve
it, in defeat you need it?” When do people in your country drink champagne?
CHAMPAGNE OR SPARKLING WINE?

Only wine which is produced in the Champagne region of France can be labelled
“champagne”. In Spain, Australia, the United States, Germany, Italy and South Africa
sparkling wines are produced in the same way as champagne, using the “méthode
champenoise”, but they are not allowed to have the description “champagne” on their
labels.
“LA CHAMPAGNE” AND “LE CHAMPAGNE”

“La Champagne” is a limited area 140 kilometres north-east of Paris. Vines have
been grown in this region of France for more than 2,000 years, but until the 17 th century
still wine, not sparkling wine, was produced. “Le Champagne” was first made in the
17th century. The experiments of a Benedictine monk, Dom Pérignon, led to the
development of the “méthode champenoise”.
TYPES OF GRAPE
Champagne is made from three types of grape, the black Pinot Noir and Pinot
Meunier, and the white Chardonnay grape. These are the only varieties which are
permitted in Champagne. Typically, two thirds black grapes and one third white are
used to make champagne. “Blanc de Blancs” is made from white grapes only.
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CHAMPAGNE CELLARS
Under the vineyards of Champagne there are 200 kilometres of chalk cellars. They
were cut by Romans and they have been used since Roman times. Their constant 10º C
temperature is ideal for producing champagne. This underground chalk extends as far as
Britain, where it rises above ground as the White Cliffs of Dover!
VINTAGE AND NON-VINTAGE CHAMPAGNE

Most champagne is non-vintage. Vintage champagne is a champagne which has been
produced from the grapes of one particular year. About a hundred days of sun are
needed for a vintage year. Non-vintage champagne is made by blending the wine
reserves of different years. One or the top champagnes, Krug Réserve, is the result of
blending nearly fifty different wine reserves.
Practice 1. Complete this description of the process of making champagne. Use the
Present Simple passive form of the verb in brackets.
First, the grapes ______ (pick) by hand and checked carefully. Only perfect grapes
_____ (use) to make champagne. Then, the grapes _____ (press). 160 kilos of grapes
_____ (use) to produce 100 litres of juice. After that, the juice _____ (leave) to ferment
and become wine.
Next, different wines _____ (blend) to produce the ‘house style’. Yeast and sugar
_____ (add) to the wine and it _____ (bottle). This results in second fermentation, and
bubbles _____ (produce). A sediment _____ (produce) by the second fermentation. This
_____ (remove) in two stages, first remuage, then dégorgement.
The remuage _____ (carry out) either with computer-controlled machines or by hand
with the traditional remueurs. The bottles of champagne _____ (turn) at regular
intervals until they are upside down.
In the next stage, dégorgement, the neck of the champagne bottle _____ (freeze), and
frozen sediment _____ (remove). Then, a little champagne and sugar _____ (add), and
champagne _____ (leave) to mature.
Finally, the bottles _____ (label) and the corks _____ (insert). Then the champagne
_____ (sell) all over the world!
Practice 2. Make questions for these answers from the text.

Example How is vintage champagne made?
How long has this champagne been left to mature?
When were the chalk cellars cut?
1. How long ……………………………………………………………………………..
They’ve been grown there for more than 2,000 years.
2. When ………………………………………………………………………………….
It was first made in the 17th century.
3. What ………………………………………………………………………………….
It’s made from three types of grape.
4. How …………………………………………………………………………………..
It’s made from white grapes only.
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5. How long ……………………………………………………………………………..
They’ve been used since Roman times.
6. How many ……………………………………………………………………………
About a hundred days of sun are needed.
7. How …………………………………………………………………………………..
It’s made by blending the wine reserves of different years.
Role-play
You are an experienced barman or barmaid. You are showing a new employee around
the bar. Write or act out your conversation, in which you talk about when the bar is
open, the prices of drinks, what to give a customer if she/he asks for smth, how to
behave with minors, where everything is, and so on.
Exercise 10
Translate the following passage into English:
Справжній англійський чай
Що це таке – чай по-англійські? Як його готують? Чайник заливають свіжою
холодною водою і ставлять на вогонь. Щойно вода закипить, у спеціально
підігрітий заварник кладуть по повній ложці чаю на кожного. Потім підносять
заварник до чайника і ллють окріп на чайні листки, злегка помішуючи ложечкою.
Заварник накривають і залишають заварюватися на 2-4 хвилини. Після цього
готовий напій наливають крізь ситечко в інший заварник, також попередньо
підігрітий. Інакше, як твердять, чай буде гіркуватий.
Напій готовий. Молоко й цукор, без яких англійський чай немислимий,
додають за смаком. Однак, питання, наливати молоко в чашку до чи після чаю,
для англійців є вельми принциповим. Аристократи заявляють однозначно: “milk
last”. Вони стверджують, що лише в такий спосіб можна домогтися необхідного
кольору напою.
Чай по-англійськи – смачний, приємний напій. Він чудово тамує спрагу,
підвищує життєвий тонус, легко засвоюється, зміцнює стінки судин, поліпшує
самопочуття.
Exercise 11
Put the verbs in brackets into the correct passive or active tense.
Coffee 1) is said (say) to originate from Kaffa in Ethiopia and most species of coffee
plant 2) ______ (find) in the tropics of the Eastern Hemisphere. The species which 3)
______ (think) to be the earliest coffee plant 4) ______ (ever/cultivate) by man is
Coffea Arabica. Today it 5) ______ (grow) mostly in Latin America.
The coffee 6) _____ (reach) a height of 8-10 metres and 7) ______ (have) white
scented flowers. It 8) ______ (produce) a red fruit which 9) ______ (call) a cherry. The
cherry 10) _____ (contain) two seeds which 11) ______ (join) together. These seeds,
which 12) ______ (also/know) as beans, 13) ______ (first/roast) and then they14)
______ (grind) to make coffee. The grounds 15) ______ (then/process) in a variety of
different ways. Sometimes they 16) ______ (fitter) and sometimes they 17) ______
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(soak) in water to make the drink which is popular with so many people. Coffee is
available as ground or as instant coffee powder and 18) ______ (drink) by one third of
the world’s population.
Exercise 12
1. You shouldn't eat so many sweets; they're . . . . . for you.
a) bad b) disagreeable c) unpleasant d) unsuitable
2. My aunt could tell fortunes from tea . . . . . .
a) buds b) grounds c) leaves d) seeds
3. Would you . . . . . the salt, please?
a) carry b) deliver c) give d) pass
4. This avocado . . . . . rather hard.
a) feels b) senses c) smells d) tastes
5. Oranges are said to be. . . . . for me but I don't much like them.
a) appetizing b) good c) healthy d) nourishing
6. "What would you like to drink. Miss Delicate, some . . . . . or something stronger?"
a) brandy b) cider c) sherry d) whisky
7. Pork chops are one of my favourite . . . . . .
a) bowls b) courses c) dishes d) plates
8. These are …… potatoes, not the end of last season's.
a) fresh b) new c) ripe d) young
9. Light . . . . . were served during the interval.
a) drinks b) foods c) meals d) refreshments
10. They arrived so late for the meal, that the food was ……. .
a) dried b) hard c) lost d) spoilt
11. I usually . . . . . white coffee for breakfast.
a) consume b) eat c) have d) take
12. In England they eat apple . . . . . with pork.
a) cream b) custard c) pudding d) sauce
13. Is this . . . . . water?
a) drink b) drinking c) potted d) swallow
14. No thank you, I don't . . . . . sugar in tea.
a) drink b) put c) take d) use
15. Would you like me to. . . . . the tea?
a) drain b) drip c) pour d) spill
Exercise 13
Translate the following text into English:
На сніданок я їм сендвіч, який запиваю чашкою кави або чаю. Я не
відмовляюсь від шинки, окорока, телячих чи свинячих відбивних, засмажених
качок, індичок і гусей. Я не можу стриматись покуштувати дичину: зайця,
куріпку, фазана. Коли я зголоднію, я дозволяю собі з`їсти плитку шоколаду. В
обідню перерву я перекушу бутербродами з білого хліба. А коли я повертаюсь
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додому, я відчуваю страшенний голод, і зазвичай я з`їдаю поживну вечерю, яка
складається зі смаженої картоплі та копченого м`яса. Можу приготувати будь-яку
кашу: рисову, гречану, пшоняну, вівсяну та ін.
Вечеря не обходиться без риби: тріски, камбали, щуки, карася, оселедця,
форелі, фаршированої риби, риби в соусі, риб`ячої юшки чи просто риби
смаженої на сковорідці.
Мій хворобливий друг жахається від того, що я їм, бо на сніданок він з`їдає
лише тоненький шматочок хліба, п`є чай з трави, в обід він їсть рис, а на вечерю у
нього боби з салатом. Якби я був на його місці, я б облишив цю дивну манеру
харчуватись. Врешті-решт, фрукти: банани, лимони, ківі, манго ще нікому не
зашкодили. Горіхи: волоські, лісові (фундук), покращать ваш настрій, а спеції і
приправи нададуть енергії на весь день.
Exercise 14
What do we call:
1. A small flat cake made of unleavened dough and baked dry, hard and crisp? 2.
Small pieces of raw potatoes fried crisp? 3. A slice of bread browned on each side by
heat, especially at the fire? 4. Two slices of buttered bread with a piece of meat, cheese,
etc., between? 5. The sweet nectar of flowers collected by bees? 6. A cold dish of
uncooked sliced vegetables seasoned with oil, vinegar and other spices?
Exercise 15
What is the English for:
1) пересмажене м'ясо, 2) хліб з маслом, 3) круте яйце, 4) накрити на стіл, 5)
фарширований перець, 6) заправити салат, 7) чистити картоплю, 8) настоювати
чай, 9) просіювати борошно, 10) копчена ковбаса, 11) качан капусти, 12) скибка
лимона, 13) гроно винограду, 14) молоде вино, 15) кава з молоком, 16) банка
варення, 17) плитка шоколаду, 18) фруктовий сік, 19) місити тісто, 20) копчена
риба, 21) мариновані гриби, 22) свіжий хліб, 23) молоде вино.
Role-play
Make up dialogues.
1. Helen has invited some friends to a dinner party. She has cooked all the dishes
herself and proudly mentions the fact. Her friends do not find everything quite to
their liking, but try not to show it. On the whole, everyone is having fun.
2. An irritable husband is sitting at dinner and criticizing his wife’s cooking. He is
trying to teach her the way this or that dish should be cooked though he knows very
little about it. The wife is doing her best to defend herself.
Exercise 16
Read the text below and fill in the gaps with the correct word from the list.
leftovers nightcap amount bowl plate helping
Every time I go to my grandmother’s she puts a (1)…………..in front of me with a huge
(2) …………..of food on it and tells me to eat it whether I’m hungry or not. When I’ve
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finished eating, she gives me another (3) ……….. and sits me to make sure I eat it all.
For dessert, she gives me a (4) ………… of rice pudding which she has made specially
for me, and then before I leave she wraps up all the (5) ………… in tin foil so I can take
them with me. If it is after nine o’clock she insists that I have a glass of homemade
liqueur as a (6) ……… before leaving, by which time my stomach is so full that I can
hardly walk!
Exercise 17
Choose the right answer:
1. I am very fond of eating ..... onions with cold beef.
a) frozen b) pickled c) preserved d) salted
2. As the cake was delicious, Mr Sweettooth had a second …….. .
a) amount b) course c) cut d) helping
3. Potatoes are the ..... diet for many European peoples.
a) bulk b) majority c) staple d) sum
4. Can't I …. you to another piece of cake?
a) convince b) persuade c) pull d) tempt
5. The meat is rather tough so you have to .....it for a long time.
a) bite b) chew c) eat d) swallow
6. Pass me the salad .... , please.
a) dressing b) sauce c) herb d) spice
7. Make sure everyone gets a(n) ..... share of the cake!
a) fair b) just c) own d) same
8. Don't put any cream on my wild strawberries, I prefer them ……. .
a) natural b) ordinary c) plain d) simple
9. Do you think it is possible to . . . . . on nothing but fruit?
a) eat b) enjoy c) live d) make
10. There is . . . . of cake for everyone.
a) enough b) much c) plenty d) some
11. Eating . . . . . in Ukraine are changing because of the increasing standard of living.
a) behaviour b) habits c) methods d) ways
12. I have been eating honey so my fingers are ..... .
a) dirty b) sticky c) wet d) yellow
13. A good way of ..... food is keeping it in a fridge.
a) enduring b) extending c) preserving d) prolonging
14. It's a Mexican ..... but I can't remember what it is called.
a) especial b) speciality c) specialization d) specializing
Exercise 18
Fill in the gaps with the correct word(s) from the list below.
hangover starving full food poisoning indigestion
1. I was ………… when I got home as I hadn’t eaten all day.
2. Craig got …………. because the meat he had eaten was undercooked.
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3. Gillian got …………….. because she ate her food too quickly.
4. I’m ………; I can’t eat another bite.
5. He had a …………….. from all the alcohol he had drunk the previous night.
Exercise 19
Translate the following sentences into English:
1. Налити вам ще склянку чаю? 2. Яка ваша улюблена рибна страва? 3. Я не
люблю каву з молоком. 4. Час обідати, стіл вже накритий. 5. Я би випив склянку
міцного, гарячого чаю. 6. Хто спік цей пиріг? Він дуже смачний. 7. Намажте
трохи масла на хліб і покладіть шматочок сиру. 8. М'ясо потрібно тушкувати з
цибулею і картоплею. 9. Що ви будете їсти на сніданок: варені яйця або яєчню?
10. Сідайте за стіл, вечерю подано. 11. На друге подали велику жирну індичку. 12.
Він з'їв повну тарілку полуниць з вершками. 13. Вам слід би купити дві буханки
хліба. 14. Чи є у вас рибні консерви? 15. Що у вас сьогодні на обід? 16. Я би випив
трошки сухого вина. 17. Покласти вам на тарілку трохи картоплі? 19. Я бачив, як
дівчинка їла варення з банки. 20. «Їли ми страшенно багато. На сніданок: м'ясо,
риба, який-небудь омлет, сир, фрукти і вино. О шостій годині був обід з восьми
страв, з довгими антрактами, протягом яких ми пили пиво і вино. О пів на
дванадцяту Аріадна заявила, що хоче їсти і замовила шинку і круто зварені яйця».
(А. Чехов)
 Speaking
Planning the perfect dinner. Talk over each dinner situation carefully with your group
and decide on the details.
Situation: A woman is asking her boss for a promotion
Number of diners: 4 (the woman, her husband, the boss, the boss’s wife)
Circle the best choice for each of the following considerations.
I. Nonfood considerations.
A. Mood 1. Woman sits beside boss on the left
1. Romantic side
2. Professional 2. Woman sits beside boss on right side
3. Funny 3. Woman sits beside boss’s wife
4. Very serious 4. Woman sits across from boss
B. Eating place E. Lighting
1. Kitchen 1. Bright
2. Living room 2. Soft
3. Dining room 3. Candles
4. In front of the fireplace F. Music
5. Outside balcony 1. Rock
C. Table shape 2. No music
1. No table (eat on floor on pillows) 3. Classical
2. Round 4. Romantic
3. Square II. Food
D. Seating arrangement A. Hors d’oeuvre
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1. Fondue 9. Mashed sweet potatoes
2. Stuffed cucumbers 10. Spinach, tomato, and cheese loaf
3. Chopped goose liver G. Main course (Choose 2)
4. Caviar 1. Baked stuffed lobster
5. Shrimp coctail 2. Shrimp teriyaki
B. Salad 3. T-bone steak
1. Caesar salad 4. Beef stroganoff
2. Bean salad 5. Curried lamb
3. Potato salad 6. Barbecued pork ribs
4. Regular tossed salad 7. Fried chicken
5. Chicken salad 8. Sweet and sour pork
C. Fruit 9. Broiled turkey
1. Cinnamon apples 10. Duck with oranges
2. Baked bananas H. Dessert
3. Strawberries and cream 1. Chocolate cake
4. Grapefruit cups 2. Strawberry ice cream
5. Cantaloupe 3. Apple pie
D. Soup 4. Lemon meringue pie
1. Wonton 5. Blueberry cheesecake
2. French onion 6. Fruit salad
3. Fish chowder 7. Chocolate chip cookies
4. Creamy mushroom I. Drinks during meal (Choose 2)
5. Lentil 1. Mineral water
E. Rice and pasta 2. Soft drink
1. Wild rice 3. Iced tea
2. Chinese fried rice 4. White wine
3. Spanish rice 5. Red wine
4. Macaroni and cheese 6. Beer
5. Spaghetti 7. Apple juice
F. Vegetables (choose 3) 8. Orange juice
1. Baked cabbage J. Drinks after meal (Choose 2)
2. Creamed broccoli 1. Coffee
3. Sauteed cauliflower 2. Tea
4. Corn on the cob 3. Hot apple juice
5. Steamed mushrooms 4. Sherry
6. Boiled green peas 5. Brandy
7. Onions and green peppers
8. Scalloped potatoes
Exercise 20
Translate the following into Ukrainian:
1. … they will give you a cup of tea from a silver tea pot and on a plate of old china
you will find Scotch scones. (S. Maugham)
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2. At dinner on Saturday evening he had asparagus and French beans and new potatoes
and raspberries, all straight from the garden, and two roast chickens straight from the
hen yard. (R. Adams)
3. No Forsyte has given a dinner without providing a saddle of mutton. There is
something in its succulent solidity, which makes it suitable to people "of a certain
position." It is nourishing and tasty; the sort of thing a man remembers eating. (J.
Galsworthy)
(London Illustrated)
PART V
EATING OUT
 Reading
Read the following text. Does it give you any idea of gourmet eating places in your own
town? Write a paragraph describing your own experience of eating out in your town.
London offers something for everyone, rich or poor. What about your town? At the
top of the scale are some of the finest and grandest eating places in Europe, such as the
Connaught Hotel. There, in the Grill reached through an elegant porch guarded by a top-
hatted doorman, you will find a warmly panelled room, fastidious waiters and superb
French and English cuisine. The Chef is famous and the restaurant must be treated with
respect - no open-necked shirts or trouser-suits here. You must also be rich enough not
to worry about the bill.
For a serious gourmet who also wants a little style, London offers a big choice. The
Grill Room at the Savoy Hotel still follows its tradition of classic cooking in the French
style, and quiet efficient service. Here one pays not just for the food, but also the bands,
the floorshow and the name.
The working Londoner often thinks more of his beer than his food. Many cheap
cafes offer the same monotonous menus of 'meat and two veg,' 'fish and chips,' 'beans
on toast.' But if you search away from the busy main streets you can find all kinds of
places that are highly popular, not only for their price or convenience, but for their food.
The traditional fish and chips cafe is hard to find now in central London. It has been
superseded by American-style fried chicken and hamburger bars. But you can still find
them. Look down the end of Villiers Street, off the Strand. Under the railway bridge in
the most insalubrious surroundings can be found excellent fish and chips. There is no
decor or table service. But the service is quick and the place is clean.
In the City of London there are many lunch places. A fixed menu of three courses
may cost less than a starter at one of the grandest establishments. Extremely popular
with the office personnel, who may have 'luncheon vouchers' from their employer, they
provide the main meal of the day; there is a cheerful waitress calling 'love' or 'dear' to
her regulars. The food can be unexcitingly English: steak-and-kidney pie, roly-poly
pudding and custard. But at least the service is quick, and the bill modest.
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Exercise 1
Fill in the correct word(s) from the list below:
Where can people have their meals?
table d'hôte catering cuisine lunch out share culinary
There is no substitute for a delicious, nutritious home-cooked meal, and, prepared in the
Ukrainian way, even simple dishes become …………. creations.
The majority of people prefer to have their meals at home. But on weekdays, when at
work, people have to …………. . They have a wide choice of places to eat: cafes,
cafeterias, canteens, snack bars, restaurants. At restaurants people can have ……………
(a fixed menu of three courses) lunches or à la carte. The last alternatives are more
expensive.
A network of cafes is being extended for public …………. . There you can find
everything from leisurely family meals to elaborate dishes. You can enjoy a particular
national ………… - Ukrainian, Georgian, Moldovan etc. Ukrainian cuisine is easily
reproduced outside the country - Ukrainians are the people who love to ………. their
food and their recipes.
Exercise 2
Which of these foods do you eat at home, at the restaurant, at the barbecue? Divide
them into three categories.
appetizer, -iser (infml – starter); hors d’oeuvre (usu pl); main course (entrée); side dish;
dessert; Ukrainian borsch with pampushkas; braised beef; broth (soup); stock (soup);
cabbage salad; cabbage soup; zander in aspic; fish rolls, meat ~; egg ~; goulash;
headcheese; scalloped fish with vegetables; hot dog; jellied meat, ~ fish; liver sausage;
blood ~; mixed salad; Russian ~; onion, tomato, potato soup; porridge / gruel; radish
and egg salad; roast turkey; potted beef with mushrooms; shish kebab; Siberian
dumplings; stuffed duck; ~ tomatoes; mushroom yushka with galushky; roasted duck
with apples; home-made sausage with onion; grilled chicken; Ukrainian Honey Cake;
biscuits; jelly; pudding; baba au rhum; baked cheese; chocolate; cookies; éclair; ice-
cream; Khreshchatic Cake; pancakes; pastry; prunes stuffed with nuts; varenyky.
Exercise 3
Fill in the correct prepositions where necessary:
What is the choice of dishes at public eating places?
It depends …… the place: some have a wide choice …. delicious and nutritious dishes
…. their menu. They have various salads and hors d’oeuvres: cabbage, carrot, apple
and green pepper salad, carrot and green pea salad, radish and egg salad, stuffed
tomatoes or cucumbers, herring, zander … aspic, stuffed zander, chicken pasta, cold
stuffed chicken, etc.
The first course is less varied: Ukrainian borsch …. pampushky, yushka, mushroom
yushka with galushky, etc.
The main course can include … scalloped fish …. vegetables, fish rolls, crucian carp
baked … sour cream, braised beef …. prunes, scalloped beef, potted beef … mushrooms,
meat rolls, stewed lamb, roast duck …. apples, home-made sausage …. onion, varenyky ….
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cottage cheese, cabbage rolls stuffed …. minced meat, tomatoes stuffed …. mushrooms,
cauliflower fried … butter, etc.
Dessert and flour dishes are delicious: apples with cottage cheese stuffing, whipped
cream jelly, Khreschatyk Cake, Ukrainian Korovai, etc. … some places you can eat …
your heart's content.
Nevertheless, there are many public eating places which are criticised … monotonous
menus, poor cooking and service and exorbitant prices.
Exercise 4
What are your preferences in food?
As an appetiser (hors d'oeuvre) we like cold meat, jellied meat and fish, herring,
salmon, caviar, seafood, cheese, mixed salad, Russian salad and all salads according to the
season. We are particular about having soups for lunch. ‘Dining without soup is like a
building without a foundation’ is a good saying. We like all soups: clear soup, cabbage soup,
potato soup, tomato soup, onion soup, leek soup, borsch, broth, etc.
Chops, rissoles, beefsteaks, rump steaks, cabbage rolls, stuffed duck, grilled chicken,
roast turkey, braised beef are most popular for the main course in my family. We eat meat
with vegetables.
My mother and I have a sweet tooth and we can't live without desserts: pancakes with jam or
sour cream, coffee (black, white), hot chocolate, tea, chocolates, cakes, fancy cakes,
biscuits, prunes with nut stuffing, ice-cream, pastries, jellies and puddings of all kinds etc.
As coffee doesn't agree with older people in my family, they are tea-drinkers. They prefer
their tea very hot, not lukewarm, and with a slice of lemon. My mother is good at making
tea, she is a connoisseur of various kinds of tea. Her special recipe for tea reads, ‘Don’t let
your tea brew for more than one minute, to preserve its flavour.’ Everybody enjoys her tea.
Think about your answers to the questions above. Are they the same or different? Why
‘yes’? Why ‘no’?
Listening
Potluck Dinner
Listen to the recording and fill in the missing words.
JIA I’m going to make .................... for our class ............................. . Which do
you like better .............. or ...........…?
DIEGO Both sound ……………! But some people are allergic to ............ . I know that
if Maria eats ..............., she’ll get sick. So why not make .............?
JIA Yeah, you’re right. What are you bringing?
DIEGO I’m thinking of making feijoada. It’s a dish with ............. and ............ . At
home, in Brazil, we make it with ………… ………….., ............... and ............
……….., but here I’ll use ...........… .............. .
JIA Delicious! But a lot of people in our class don’t eat ............ . Maybe you
should make something else.
DIEGO You’re right. I’ll have to think of something. What about you, Sun-Su?
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SUN-SU I’m going to bring some special Korean food – Kimchee. It’s very ..............! I
brought the ingredients from Korea!
JIA Great! I love .............. ............... . Look, there’s Marta! Hi, Marta. What are
you bringing to the class dinner?
MARTA I don’t know what to make. I’d fix a special kind of ............... ...................
with ................. and ............ if I could find some ...........… ............. petals. But
I don’t know where to buy them here.
DIEGO I don’t know either. So many things are hard to find here. The teacher said he
was going to bring some ……………. food. At least he won’t have trouble
buying the .........................!
Post-listening
Answer the questions:
1. Why isn’t Jia making shrimp egg rolls?
2. Why isn’t Diego making his dish with pork?
3. What is Sun-su bringing?
4. What ingredient does Marta need to get?
5. Who isn’t going to have any trouble finding ingredients? Why?
Role-play
1. Work in groups of three. Make up a dialogue inviting your groupmates to participate
in the barbecue.
2. Work with three other students. Describe the dishes your families eat on special
occasions and say how they are prepared. Encourage everyone to join the
conversation.
Exercise 5
Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only one word
in each space. There is an example at the beginning (0)
Korean Dining
Eating out is (0) one of the greatest pleasures for people visiting Korea, a country (1)
… for its wide range of native dishes. Korean cuisine will provide unique tastes (2) …
the visitor. Of course there are (3) … a great deal of American, Continental, Chinese
and Japanese restaurants. However, Korean food is definitely not to (4) … missed out
on. It is not only rich in nutrition, (5) … also well-balanced and low in calories. It is (6)
… that you can eat as much Korean food (7) … you like and never gain weight. It (8) …
mainly made of a wide variety of vegetables. Seasonings include garlic, red peppers,
ginger (9) … sesame oil. Traditionally, Korean food (10) … not served in courses.
Instead, it is all placed on the table (11) … the same time. There is no set order in (12)
… to eat the food; it (13) … on personal preference. The main dish is almost always
accompanied (14) … rice, soup and several side dishes, which are all, included in the
price. Korean eat (15) … rice and soup with a spoon, and side dishes with chopsticks.
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Exercise 6
For questions 1-15, read the text below and think of one word which best fits in each
gap. The first one has been done as an example.
Eating out (0) …has… become a popular form of entertainment which (1) …….. of
us enjoy. Since (2) ……… to other countries can be quite expensive, dining (3) ……….
ethnic restaurants is a cheap alternative that offers you the (4) ………. to sample
something different.
Ten yeas ago, the only (5) ……. of foreign cuisine that was widely available in
Britain was Chinese or Indian; today, however, we (6) ………. a wide variety to choose
(7) ……….., ranging from hot and spicy Mexican food to (8) ………… more delicate
flavours of Japanese sushi. Furthermore, some ethic restaurants now (9) ……….. other
forms of entertainment (10) ……. live music and traditional dancing. A favourite
restaurant of mine is (11) ………… by an Ethiopian family. Inside, friendly waiters
(12) ………….. delicious dishes while musicians play cheerful Ethiopian music.
Towards the (13) ……….. of the evening, the same waiters change (14) ………
traditional costume and give short performances of energetic Ethiopian dancing before
inviting the customers to (15) ………. in. This is just one example of the kind of
entertainment ethnic restaurants have to offer.
 Reading
Have you ever been to the barbecue? What did you cook there? What did you bring to
the barbecue?
Read the text about American students having barbecue. Is it different from ours?
At the end of her first semester in an American college, Elsa, a student from Greece,
was surprised to hear her chemistry professor invite the whole class to a party at his
house.
"I hope y'all, come to the barbecue," he announced in a southern accent. "I'll throw
some hamburgers and dogs on the grill, but the rest is potluck. I hope we have some
good cooks in the class!"
Elsa was happy to have the chance to try some American home cooking, after eating
in the college cafeteria all semester. She did not want to generalize about American
food based on just what was served in the cafeteria — it was pretty bad. She wanted to
see what real American food was like.
After Elsa found out that "potluck" meant that the guests would each bring some
food themselves, she decided to prepare a traditional Greek dish called spanakopitta, a
spinach pie. The problem was she did not have a kitchen.
The next day in class, she said to Jeanette, an American classmate who often sat next
to her, "Since I live in the dorm, it will be hard for me to cook anything for the bar-
becue. Where are you cooking?" "Oh, I have an apartment off-campus with my
boyfriend. Why don't you cook in my kitchen?"
The morning of the barbecue, Elsa went over to Jeanette's and found her preparing a
salad out of grains, parsley, and tomatoes. Jeanette explained it was called tabbouleh.
"But I used to eat a salad just like that in Greece!" laughed Elsa when she saw Jeanette
pouring the olive oil. "Is that a typical American dish?" "No, it's Middle Eastern. But
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my grandmother is from Lebanon, and it's always been my favourite salad. And now it's
quite popular. I even saw it one day in the caf at school, " said Jeanette.
Just then Rick, Jeanette's boyfriend, walked into the kitchen with three bags of potato
chips. "I wanted to make sure that there would be something at the party for me to eat,"
he said. "My junk food junkie, " smiled Jeanette. "Yeah, and Jeanette's a healthy food
nut!" answered Rick.
Jeanette smiled, but she was still confused. She was not sure that she had become
any clearer about American eating habits or what real American food was really like.
She hoped she would find out at the party.
Glossary
Y'all — a slang expression used in the American South that means the plural of "you";
a short, slang form of the standard form "you all"
Barbecue — an outdoor social event at which people eat food that has been cooked on
an open fire
Dogs — slang for '"hot dogs" (Eating real dogs is taboo in the United States.)
Potluck — a type of social event to which each guest brings something to eat or drink
Dorm — abbreviation for dormitory (slang)
Off-campus — property near a college or university that is not owned by the college;
literally, off the university campus
Caf — abbreviation for cafeteria (slang)
Junk food — food that is not very good for you, usually containing a lot of sugar, salt
or fat
Junkie — an addict; originally someone addicted to heroin
Nut — a slang term for a crazy person, or someone overly enthusiastic about something
Habits — customs; the usual way of doing something
Post-reading
1) Why do you think Elsa was surprised that her professor invited the class to a party at
his house? Would you be surprised if this happened to you?
2) What are two reasons that might explain why Rick chose to bring potato chips to the
party?
3) Do you think that Rick and Jeanette like the same kind of food for dinner? Explain.
4) Have you ever been to a potluck party? What do you think about the custom?
Role-play
You are planning a get-together for Sunday. You wish to give your friends a fabulous
time - they really deserve it after hard work. In order to please all your friends you will
have to work everything out, down to the last detail. Find out your friends’ tastes in
food and soft drinks.
 Reading
Where would you prefer to go to have a snack / to have supper with your boyfriend
(girlfriend) / to eat and have some fun?
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Read the following texts. Explain the meaning of the underlined phrases and use them
in the sentences of your own.
At the Restaurant
The Old Mill,
The Quay, Wardleton, Sussex
Open: Tuesday-Sunday
5 - 11.30 p.m.
This week we decided to look at a small family-run restaurant in the village of
Wardleton. 'The Old Mill' is newly opened and overlooks the River Wardle, and we had
heard several favourable comments about it. Because we had been advised to book
early, we managed to get a nice table with a view of the quay. We were made very wel-
come and the service was excellent because it is a small family business. The
proprietor, Jeff Dean, runs the kitchen himself and his wife, Nelly, showed us to our
table.
Although the choice of items on the menu was very extensive, it was rather traditional.
A long menu always worries me, because a large menu often means a large freezer! We
started with Wardle Trout and although it was fresh, it was spoilt by the number of
herbs. For my main course I chose the pepper steak, which was the speciality of the day.
I thought it was almost perfect because the chef had chosen excellent meat and it was
cooked just long enough.
My wife ordered the roast lamb, and although the quality of the meat was good, she
thought it was a little underdone. Though the vegetables were fresh, they came in very
small portions and were rather over-cooked for our taste. However, the bread was fresh
because it had been baked on the premises. I have often complained in this column
about the difficulty of finding any restaurant which serves a fresh fruit salad. Luckily,
this one did. Even though it must have been very time-consuming to prepare, it was a
delight to see, and I had a second helping.
As usual I chose house wine, as this is often the best way to judge a restaurant's wine
list. It was a French-bottled table wine which was quite satisfactory and reasonably
priced. The bill, including coffee and brandy, came to $37, which was acceptable for
the class of restaurant, although that did not include service.
Nashville Superburger Bar,

Leicester Square, London
Open: 7 days a week, 24 hours a day
A new American fast-food chain has just opened its first restaurant in Britain. 'The
Nashville Superburger Bar' is just off Leicester Square. Because of the success of
McDonald's and Kentucky Fried Chicken, I was interested to see if Nashville had
anything new to offer.
The restaurant was so brightly-lit that I wished I'd brought my sun-glasses. Once I'd
got used to the light, I rather liked the green and orange plastic decor, which was very
futuristic. The place was spotlessly clean - almost antiseptic! Although there was a long
queue, service was incredibly fast. The menu was limited to a variety of hamburgers
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and prices were very reasonable. I had the 'Giant Superburger' which was served with a
generous helping of French fries. Although the burger itself was rather tasteless, there
was a large selection of relishes on every table and the French fries were the best I've
ever tasted. This kind of establishment obviously caters for young people in a hurry. I
was amazed to see that many of the customers preferred to eat standing up even though
there were seats available. Most of the customers were under 25 and alone. Everybody
seemed to be drinking milk shakes and although I'm not very fond of them I felt I
should have one. Not much can go wrong with a milk shake and it tasted as good or as
bad as any other. Although it's a quick and efficient way of taking nourishment, you
wouldn't choose 'The Nashville' for a quiet and romantic evening with a friend.
Although I wasn't in a hurry I was in, fed and out in ten minutes. It reminded me very
much of a motorway filling station.
Post-reading
What do you think?
1. What does a family-run restaurant mean?
2. Which restaurant do you prefer: a family-run or a fast-food one? What does it depend
on?
3. Is it compulsory to book a table early?
4. Which restaurant would you choose to have dinner with your boy / girlfriend: which
is brightly-lit or a restaurant with candles on the tables?
5. If you go to a family-run restaurant of the kind described above what will you choose
for your main course?
6. Do you like to have dishes with a large number of herbs?
7. What is your traditional menu at McDonald’s?
8. Do you like to have a large selection of relishes on your table at a fast-food
restaurant?
9. What salads do you like?
10.What drinks do you order in a restaurant?
Exercise 7
У нас, як не дивно, є все. Ви можете покуштувати португальську, німецьку,
китайську, японську і будь-яку їжу в численних ресторанчиках, розкиданих
повсюди у Києві. А якщо ви прихильник індустріальних методів приготування
страв, будь ласка – у нас відкрилися Макдональдси та інші, відомі у всьому світі
фірмові заклади.
Ще не впадають у вічі на кожному кроці піццерії, але піццу можна замовити й
по телефону. Можна швидко розшукати бістро з гамбургерами та іншими
бутербродами, а також кафе, пивний бар. Крім того, ви знайдете шинки,
закусочні, забігайлівки, котрих ніде, крім ближнього зарубіжжя, немає.
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Exercise 8
Translate the following passage into Ukrainian:
"I never eat more than one thing. I think people eat far too much nowadays. A little
fish, perhaps. I wonder if they have any salmon." Well, it was early in the year for
salmon and it was not on the menu-card, but I asked the waiter if there was any. ‘Yes, a
beautiful salmon had just come in, it was the first they had’. I ordered it for my guest.
The waiter asked if she would have something while it was being cooked. "No," she
answered, "I never eat more than one thing. Unless you have a little caviar. I never
mind caviar." My heart sank a little. I knew I could not afford caviar, but I couldn't very
well tell her that. I told the waiter by all means to bring caviar. For myself I chose the
cheapest dish on the menu and that was a mutton chop.
(S. Maugham)
Exercise 9
Read the following dialogue and act out the conversation in the dining-hall.
In the dining-hall
- Let’s go to the dining-hall. We haven’t much time left, but we’ll manage it all right if
you hurry. You take a place in the queue and I’ll see what can get for dinner.
- All right. What is on the menu?
- Cabbage soup with meat, chicken soup with noodles and pea soup.
- I don’t know whether I’ll have any. What have they got for seconds?
- Fried fish and mashed potatoes, beefsteak, bacon and eggs.
- And for dessert?
- A lot of things. We can have stewed fruit or cranberry jelly or strawberries and
cream.
- Then, I’ll take cabbage soup with sour cream and… Well, and what about hors-
d’oeuvre? We’ve completely forgotten about it.
- As we are in a hurry I believe we can do without it. I never thought you were a big
eater.
- Neither did I. But I wouldn’t mind having something substantial now.
- So we’ll take one cucumber salad and one tomato salad. That’ll do for the time
being. I think I can manage a bit of fish-jelly as well and then chicken soup with
noodles. That’ll be fine.
Exercise 10
Всім відомо, що немає нічого кращого, ніж смачна домашня їжа. Але у будні
людям доводиться харчуватися не вдома, і тому в обідні години кафе, їдальні,
ресторани та інші заклади громадського харчування Лондону завжди переповнені.
Там можна поласувати відбивною котлетою з баранини, рамштексом із смаженою
картоплею, яловичиною запеченою у горщиках, курчатами-гриль та багато чим
іншим з основних страв. На закуску вам запропонують холодні м’ясні та рибні
страви, різні салати, мариновані овочі. До речі, англійці не дуже полюбляють
перші страви, тому їх вибір дещо обмежений. Щодо десертів, то ви можете їсти
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все, що вам до смаку. Як правило, за обідом не п`ють ніяких спиртних напоїв,
крім скляночки білого сухого вина.
Listening
You are going to hear a conversation between two friends about where they are
planning to go for dinner. For questions 1 to 7, decide whether the statements are true
(T) or false (F).
1. They are going out on Friday night.
2. They don’t choose the Chinese restaurant because the food is greasy and very spicy.
3. Steve has been to the Ethiopian restaurant before.
4. The main dish at the Ethiopian restaurant consists of various kinds of food.
5. Bouillabaisse is made with fish and vegetables.
6. The French bistro closed down last Monday.
7. Steve is going to make the reservation.
 Speaking
Compare and contrast the pictures. Think of what each place looks like, what type and
quality of food is served in the restaurants, what kind of service you would expect, and
what prices they charge.
Exercise 11
Read the short exchanges. Which of them take place in: a fast-food restaurant? …
an expensive restaurant? …
1 A: Are you ready to order, madam?
B: Yes. I’ll have the mushroom soup as a starter, and the grilled trout for the
main course.
2. A: Can I help you?
B: Yes. Can I have a cheeseburger, please?
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3. A: Would you like to see the wine list?
B: No, thank you. I’ll just have a glass of the house red, please.
4. A: Do you want anything to drink?
B: Yes – a Diet Coke, please.
5. A: Anything else?
B: No, thanks. How much is that?
6. A: Was everything all right?
B: Yes, thank you. Could I have the bill, please?
Exercise 12
В липні 2001 року відкрилися два нових сендвіч-бара "Містер Снек" по вул.
Богдана Хмельницького, 12 та на бул. Тараса Шевченка, 2.
До мережі сендвіч-барів
“Містер Снек”
Прочитайте цей лист, тому що дуже важливо знати, що Ви вживаєте в їжу.
Добрий день, шановний Відвідувачу!
Ми цінуємо кожного клієнта, що завітав до сендвіч-бару “Містер Снек”, тому
пропонуємо усе найкраще. Інгредієнти, що ми використовуємо, проходять
ретельний контроль для забезпечення 100-відсоткової якості. Наші постачальники
— українські виробники, які у першу чергу турбуються про Ваше здоров’я. Ми
використовуємо тільки натуральні екологічно чисті продукти, які є такими, що ви
зазвичай вживаєте вдома.
Бріош, який Ви купуєте, був випечений сьогодні о 6-ій ранку. М’ясні вироби
постачаються кожний день невеликими партіями, і тому вони завжди свіжі.
Салати та десерти надходять двічі на день для підтримання найвищої якості.
Наша філософія — якість понад усе.
Ми завжди непокоїлись щодо вживання інгредієнтів, що містять консерванти та
хімічні речовини. Саме тому ми не використовуємо в наших сендвічах імпортну
продукцію, що містить консерванти, штучні барвники та інші хімічні добавки.
Так, імпортні напівфабрикати, що використовуються на ринку громадського
харчування в Україні, дають більші прибутки, але аж ніяк не дають тієї якості, яку
пропонуємо ми. Щодо генетично змінених продуктів, то позиція “Містер Снек”
дуже чітка: вони нам не подобаються і ми не віримо, що вони можуть поліпшити
смакові якості свіжої їжі.
Успіх “Містер Снек” — це насамперед постійні клієнти, і ми готові витрачати
кошти та спрямовувати зусилля нашої команди на постійне підтримання якості
продукції на найвищому рівні.
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 Reading
Are you in the mood for eating out? Look through the selection of Kyiv’s finest dining
options and find out your perfect venue! Give the reasons for that.
Latino / Spanish
Caribbean Club
4 Kominterna vul.,
Tel.: 244-42-90
Open: 18.00 – till last customer leaves.
Caribbean cuisine. Lively atmosphere.
The hottest Latino disco every day after 23.00, every Wednesday – from 21.00 – 23.00
ladies’ day – show program, cocktail free.
Turkish
Antalya
10 Fedorova
Tel.: 220-61-57
Open: 8.00 - till the last customer leaves.
Turkish cuisine is represented on the level, which can satisfy the most capricious
gourmet. Summer terrace in the park. Brunch on Saturday and Sunday 10.00 - 13.00.
Business lunch 12.00-15.00.
Ukrainian
Khutorets
Nab. Khreschatytska vul.,
Spassky pier 1,
Tel.: 416-80-39
Open: 12.00 – 24.00
Floating restaurant offers Ukrainian speciality cuisine and atmosphere with antiques and
live music. The terrace is covered with a glass canopy and accommodates 70 people.
French
Fellini
5 Horodetskoho str.
Open: Non-stop
Tel.: 229-54-62, 229-88-62
Enjoy authentic French and Italian cuisine in the heart of Kyiv. From 12 p.m. till 4 p.m.
restaurant Fellini offers 4 types of business lunch: fish, meat, Italian and vegetarian.
Italian
Da Vinci Fish Club
12 Volodymyrska vul.,
Tel.: 490-34-34
Open: 08.00 – 24.00
Italian restaurant in prime location offering an extensive range of fish dishes along with
the best of Italian cuisine.
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German
Edelweiss
21 Sahaydachnoho vul.,
Tel.: 416-02-13
Open: 07.30 – 03.00
Kyiv’s own corner of Bavaria with authentic specialities and draught German beer.
Cosy atmosphere.
Georgian
Mimino
10a Spasska vul.,
Tel.: 417-35-45
Open: 11.00 - 01.00
Georgian theme restaurant serves variety of regional dishes in cosy Podil eatery. 20%
discount for business lunch.
Asian
Vostok
11 Nab. Khreschatytska vul.
Tel.: 416-53-75
Open: 12.00 – 24.00
Real Chinese cuisine. Experienced chefs from China. Check it out and enjoy a
wonderful evening.
American
Uncle Sam
37 Zhylyanska vul.,
Tel.: 227-20-00
Open: 11.00 – 24.00 American dinner serving wide range of dishes in comfortable
surroundings. Business lunch – $8.
International
Hunter
147/5 Saksahanskoho vul.,
Tel.: 236-37-35
Open: 12.00 - 24.00
There is no need to go hunting – just visit this special originally decorated grill-
restaurant, try excellent grilled meat and fish, taste delicious wine. This is the right
place to feel just like a real hunter!
Listening
Listen to the dialogue between a customer and a waiter and fill in the missing words.
W: Good evening, sir. Are you ready to 1) ……..?
C: Yes, thank you.
W: What would you like for 2) ………, sir?
C: Mmm, let me see.. Yes, I’ll have the crab soup for starters.
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W: The crab soup is an excellent 3) ……., sir! And what about the 4) …………?
C: I think 5) ………. the steak with chips. No, make the steak with steamed vegetables.
W: Very well. How would you like your steak, sir? 6) ….., medium-rare or well done?
C: Medium-rare, please.
W: Would you like anything to drink?
C: Yes, I’ll have a glass of 7) ………water, please.
W: Would you care for 8) ………. afterwards, sir?
C: What have you got?
W: Apple pie and ice-cream, sir.
C: No, I think I’ll 9) ………….., then.
W: Thank you very much, sir.
Exercise 13
Read the previous dialogue again, then in pairs, act out a similar dialogue using the
menu below.
Starters Dessert
- Chef’s salad £2.50 - Strawberries and cream £2.50
- Ham and cheese crêpes £2.45 - Apple pie and custard £2.00
- French onion soup £2.00
Main course Cold beverages

- Fish and chips £3.60 - Beer £ 2.00
- Vegetable curry £3.00 - Wine £1.50
- Spaghetti Bolognese £3.00 - Soda water £0.50
- Steak with roast potatoes £4.50 - Mineral water £1.00
Listening
Listen to people expressing their opinions about different restaurants and fill in the table
below, then write about these restaurants, commenting on quality of food, service,
atmosphere and price.
Mexican Fast food Italian
Quality of food ……… quality, ………, not greasy only the freshest
……… and spicy or too ……….. …………………
Service efficient, …………. …………………… ………………..,
unhurried
Atmosphere ………………….. …………………… relaxed,
…………..
Price …………………. overpriced ………………..
………………… value for money
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Exercise 14
What kind of place would each person below would probably go to?
John Ann Sara
I know this kind of food I eat anything, really. It I like eating different
isn’t very healthy, but I just depends how hungry kinds of food, Chinese,
like it. Anyway, I am I am, and where I am at Indian, Italian, all kinds. I
young, so it doesn’t really the time. I mean, think that food is
matter. I suppose I can sometimes I don’t have important if you want to
eat sandwiches to save any breakfast so I need stay healthy. I try to
time. And round here, if something filling for avoid fatty food, and
you go to a restaurant it lunch. But I don’t always make sure that I eat fresh
costs a lot. I am used to have large meals, some fruit and vegetables. I
eating a lot actually. I days I just have a snack, don’t think that good
don’t seem to get very you know, a bar of food costs more.
hungry. chocolate or something.
• Describe your own eating habits in the same way.
• What place do you like to go or would like to go? Why?
Listening
Listen to the radio report on Moosewood Restaurant and write in the missing words.
1. Moosewood is a ________________ restaurant.
2. Sunday is ______________ night at Moosewood.
3. Each of the _____________ chapters in the cookbook was written by a _________.
4. The chefs picked an area of the world that had to do with _____________________.
5. The chefs changed some of the ingredients for __________ and ________ reasons.
6. The areas covered in the book include Africa, Armenia, ___________, _________,
Japan, _________________, and New England in the United States.
7. South-East Asia is a large area. We have _________________________________.
Exercise 15
Arrange these foods on the menu below.
curried chicken fried rice with shrimps broccoli
apple pie and custard carrots Cuban black beans
mashed potatoes chicken casserole prawn cocktail
tomato soup banana cream pie iced tea
chopped steak spaghetti with cockle sauce vegetarian chilli
strawberry ice cream apple juice mineral water
paté and toast grilled trout shrimps in garlic
rump steak sorbet Irish stew
roast beef with steamed Black Forest gateau shepherd’s pie
vegetables
fresh fruit salad steak and chips cherry cheesecake
soft drinks soup of the day avocado and shrimp salad
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MENU
Appetizers Vegetables Desserts
tomato soup
Entrees Beverages
Exercise 16
A. Complete the following items you put on the table.
1. SALT and PEPPER SHAKERS 5. P __ __ __ E
2. N __ __ __ __ __ 6. F __ __ __
3. G __ __ __ S 7. K N __ __ __
4. S __ __ __ __
B. Write the correct word in the blank for each of the definitions below.
ashtray soft drink smoking section tip
check snack waitress silverware
1. A container for cigarette ashes. _______________________________________
2. A sweet carbonated drink. ___________________________________________
3. A woman who serves food. __________________________________________
4. An area for people who smoke. _______________________________________
5. Food eaten between meals. ___________________________________________
6. A bill for restaurant meals. ___________________________________________
7. Extra money for the waiter or the waitress. ______________________________
8. Knives, forks, spoons, etc. ___________________________________________
Role-play
➢ You are the chef of the canteen of Kiev National Linguistic University. You decided
to turn the canteen into a first-class restaurant catering for students. Make up a
sample menu for one day. Don’t forget about your restaurant’s name.
➢ Write out the menu for your birthday party. Choose a nice four-course meal.
 Reading
Read the dialogue and tell what the customers ordered.
Waitress Good evening! Table for three?

Mr. Smith Yes, please!
Waitress This way, please!
Mr. Whisk Show us the menu, please!
Waitress Here you are, sir. What kind of soup would you like?
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Mrs. Bread A clear soup for us.
Mr. Bread Any thick soup for me, and for the other gentlemen, too.
Mr. Whisk And may I have any steak, please?
Waitress What kind of meat: pork, mutton, veal or beef?
Mr. Whisk A beefsteak, please.
Waitress How do you like your steaks?
Mrs. Bread I like mine rare.
Mr. Whisk Make mine medium.
Waitress And you, sir? I would recommend fish?
Mr. Smith No, thank you. My favourite dish is chicken.
Waitress Any vegetables? We’ve got cabbage, potatoes and carrots.
Mrs. Bread I think I’ll have some cabbage.
Waitress And for dessert – some cakes?
Mr. Whisk I’m fond of ice-cream.
Mr. Smith Three ice-creams, please.
Mrs. Bread Thank you so much! I’ve enjoyed the dinner very much.
Everything was delicious.
Exercise 17
Part A. Read the following dialogues and act them out:
1
- Here is a restaurant. I hope they serve good meals here.
- Won’t it be too expensive?
- No, the prices here are quite reasonable. It won’t be much more expensive than
cafeteria. There’ll be fewer people and we’ll have a better service. Besides, I see it
has a license.
- A license? What does it mean?
- It means they serve wine, cognac and so on but only at certain hours. And they won’t
serve you unless you’re over 18.
- Well, we are much older than that.
…they serve good meals (food) here. - …тут добре готують.
The prices here are quite reasonable. – Ціни тут цілком прийнятні.
2
Waiter: A table for two?
- Yes, please. By the window. And the menu, please.
- Is there anything to your liking on the menu?
- Oh, yes, many things. Let’s have some clear soup, perhaps.
- I don’t think I’ll have any soup. I’d rather have some vegetable salad to start with.
- Let’s have some sliced cucumbers and tomatoes with sour cream, as a starter.
- I don’t mind. Then I’ll have roast beef with new potatoes and peas, jam tart and iced
coffee.
- Same for me. There’s nothing like a juicy piece of roast beef, just slightly
underdone.
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Waiter: Shall I get you anything to drink?
- What do you say to a bottle of beer?
- No beer, thanks. I prefer a glass of mineral water or just a cup of tea.
- All right. A glass of mineral water and apple juice for me, then. And iced coffee for
two.
Is there anything to your liking on the menu? – Чи є в меню те, що тобі
подобається?
There’s nothing like …- Немає нічого смачнішого від...
What do you say to … - Як щодо...
iced coffee – кава глясе
3
- It’s 8 p.m. High time for supper.
- Well, I could do with a bite. I don’t eat much in the evening. Some light meal,
perhaps.
- What do you usually have for supper?
- A cup of tea and a sandwich, or a glass of milk and a biscuit?
- I prefer something more substantial, say, a chop or steak and chips or cold meat with
potatoes, or sausages, or an omelette with tea or coffee to follow.
- Then you should take a good stroll after supper. As an English saying goes, “After
dinner sleep a while, after supper walk a mile”.
I could do with a bite. – Я не проти, щоб перекусити (щоб щось з’їсти).
You should take a good stroll. – Вам слід добре погуляти.
4
- What would you like for dinner? Shall we dine table d’hôte or á la carte?
- What have they got for table d’hôte?
- Clear soup with chicken, steamed fish with mashed potatoes and coffee.
- I don’t care for fish. Let’s see what they’ve got for á la carte.
- There’s a great variety of dishes: boiled meat, beefsteak, rumpsteak, cutlets. There’s
poultry, too: chicken and goose. Which would you like?
- And what do they have for afters?
- Ice-cream, pastry, fresh fruit, jelly and tea.
- Then I’ll have beefsteak with fried potatoes and an ice.
- As I’m as hungry as a hunter, I could do with a square meal. I’ll have a clear soup
with a meat pie, a rumpsteak with stewed cabbage, a couple of cakes and tea with a
slice of lemon.
- I’m thirsty, but I don’t feel like drinking tea.
- Care for some lemonade?
- Yes, please.
Shall we dine table d’hôte or á la carte? – Візьмемо комплексний обід чи
замовимо за меню?
I don’t care for fish. – Я не люблю рибу.
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an ice = ice-cream – морозиво
… but I don’t feel like drinking tea. - ... але я не хочу чаю.
Part B. Fill in the missing parts, making use of the words and phrases from the text and
illustrative conversations. You're allowed to make any changes.
1
- I say, Victor, what do you say to having dinner together?
- ……..
- Here's a restaurant. They serve good meals there.
- ……..
- No, the prices are quite reasonable there ... Here we are. Where would you like to
sit?
- …….
2
- Is there anything to your liking on the menu?
- ……..
- I don't think I'll have some soup. I'd rather have some meat salad as a starter. What
about you?
- ……..
- Then I'll have roast-beef with fried potatoes, jam tart and iced coffee.
- ……..
- Shall we drink anything?
- …….
3
- How about having lunch?
- …….
- What are we going to have?
- …….
- Do you like your tea strong or weak?
- …….
- Do you take it with milk or with lemon?
- …….
- Here you are. And help yourself to a pie. They're apple-pies. Very delicious indeed.
4
- I say, Nick. It's 8 p. m. I'm hungry. Will you join me for supper?
- ………
- What do you usually have for supper, then?
- ………
- And I prefer something substantial, say, sausage or cold meat, or an omelette with
tea or coffee, to follow.
- ………
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5
- How do you find this meat?
- ……..
- Yes, indeed. It's excellent. What would you like for afters?
- ……..
- I'll follow suit. Do you care for a drink?
- ……..
Exercise 18
1. У ресторані “Київ” добре готують.
2. В цьому кафе ви можете наїстися досхочу.
3. Я дуже хочу пити. Але я не хочу псувати апетит, перекусивши в кафе.
4. - Ти не проти пообідати в ресторані?
- Я голодний, як вовк і не проти того, щоб добре поїсти.
5. - Візьмемо комплексний обід чи замовимо за меню?
- Що в них на комплексний обід?
6. - Давай подивимося що вони мають у меню.
- Сьогодні в меню широкий вибір страв: м’ясні страви, тушковані овочі, різні
закуски, солодкий пудинг і навіть вершкове морозиво з фруктовим сиропом.
- Чи є в меню те, що вам подобається?
7. - Як щодо рибної страви?
- Я не люблю рибу. Я краще почну з салату із креветок, потім візьму відбивну
котлету з свинини та молоду картоплю.
- Я візьму те, що й ти.
8. Я хочу пити, але не хочу кави глясе.
9. Вам чай з цукром і лимоном чи без?
10. - Суп смачний?
- Я ще не куштувала. Він дуже гарячий.
11. - Як тобі біфштекс? По-моєму, він недосмажений.
- А мені здається, що він якраз такий як треба.
12. - Що сьогодні на друге?
- Смажена риба і картопля.
13. Що бажаєте на десерт?
14. Яке вино ви порекомендуєте до м’яса?
15. Передайте, будь-ласка, сільничку.
16. Якщо ви бажаєте отримати гарний стіл з чудовим виглядом із вікна, то вам
потрібно замовити його заздалегідь.
17. Важко знайти ресторан, який пропонує широкий вибір свіжих фруктових
салатів.
Role-play
1. Час обідати. Запросіть свого приятеля приєднатися до нас.
2. Ви пропонуєте приятелеві пообідати в ресторані, а не в їдальні. Наведіть
докази на користь обіду в ресторані.
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3. Ви з приятелем у кафе. Обговоріть, що ви збираєтесь замовляти.
4. Ви прийшли в ресторан пообідати. Розпитайте офіціанта, що він може вам
запропонувати.
5. Ви запитуєте свого товариша, коли він збирається до їдальні. Ви дуже зайняті і
не можете піти з ним. Попросіть його купити вам бутерброд і склянку соку.
Pre-listening
 Where can you eat out in your country?
 What kinds of food can you eat quickly?
 How long do you take for lunch?
Listening
Robert Dillon and Charles Mant go to a wine bar. Charles’s wife Sally meets them
there. Listen. What do they order?
Post-listening
Work with a partner. Look at the menu and discuss what you want to eat. One person is
a waiter or waitress, and another one is a customer. Have a conversation. Don’t forget to
include:
1. finding out and telling the ‘specialities’(what they are and how much they cost);
2. asking and answering questions about foods on the menu;
3. getting the check.
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Use some of the expressions from the following list.
Ordering food in a restaurant
Below are phrases you can use when ordering food in a restaurant.
Waiter Customer
May I take your order? What do you recommend?
What would you like? What is the speciality today?
What do you want? What exactly is that?
I suggest… To start… / as a starter…
I recommend… How much is that?
Would you like…with that? What’s the soup of the day?
It’s a local dish. To follow… / as a main course…
It’s very spicy. I’ll have… / I’d like…
It’s made of… For dessert…
How is everything here? That’s not what I ordered.
May I take your plate? Can you change it?
Would you like coffee or dessert? May I have the check, please?
Exercise 19
Choose the most suitable word or phrase underlined in each sentence.
a) Waiter, could you bring me my account / bill / addition please?
b) It’s a very popular restaurant – we should apply for / book / keep a table.
c) If you’re hungry, why not ask for a large dish / plate / portion?
d) Please help / serve / wait yourself to salads from the salad bar.
e) Waiter, can I see the catalogue / directory / menu, please?
f) This fish is not what I called / commanded / ordered.
g) This dish / plate / serving is a speciality of our restaurant.
h) Have you tried the crude / raw / undercooked fish at the new Japanese restaurant?
i) Paul never eats meat, he’s a vegetable / vegetarian / vegetation.
j) Have you decided what to have for your main course / food / helping?
k) Can you give me the prescription / instructions / recipe for this pie? It’s delicious.
l) Waiter, I can’t eat this meat. It’s underdone / developed / nourished.
m) Is the hamburger for you to eat here or to go out / take away / carry on?
n) That was fantastic! Could I have a second course / service / helping, please?
Listening
You will hear two conversations that take place in a restaurant. In conversation 1, a
woman is ordering a meal, and in conversation 2, a man is ordering a meal. Listen to
both conversations and answer this question: Who cares more about health, the man or
the woman? Fill in the following lists of foods and drinks, writing M next to the foods
or drinks that the man orders and W next to the foods or drinks that the woman orders.
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Main dishes Side dishes Desserts Beverages
Pork chops Rice Lemon cake Coffee
Fried chicken Potatoes (mashed or Strawberries Tea
French fries)
Sole Sweet potatoes Apple pie Milk
Cod Baked beans Ice cream Water
Steak Biscuits and gravy Fruit salad Kefir
Stuffed duck Green salad Chocolate pie Orange juice
Vegetable beef soup Jelly
Exercise 20
Put the words in the correct order to make sentences or questions. Then use them to
complete the conversation between the waiter and two customers.
coffee you like some Would
order to wine you like some Would
water Fizzy still mineral or
table two a We’d for like
bill have Can the we
menu have we the Could
included service the Is
First pâté I’d the like
like How you steak would the
lamb like course the I’d chops the for main
like vegetables you What would
***
Waiter Good evening, sir. Good evening, madam.
George Good evening. A) ______________________________________, please.
Waiter Certainly. Is this table all right?
George That’s fine. B) ________________________________________, please?
Waiter Certainly. The soup of the day is French onion soup.
***
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Waiter Are you ready to order?
George Yes. C) __________________________________________________.
Linda And for me the prawn cocktail.
Waiter Yes, madam.
George And then D) ______________________________________________.
Linda And I’d like a steak.
Waiter E) ______________________________________________________?
Linda Medium, please.
Waiter That’s fine. F) _____________________________________________?
Linda Potatoes and cauliflower, please.
Waiter G) ______________________________________________________?
Linda Yes. Can I see the wine list? A bottle of French red.
George And some mineral water, please.
Waiter H) _______________________________________________________.
George Still, please.
***
George That was delicious!
Waiter Thank you very much. I) ____________________________________?
Linda Yes. Black, please.
George And J)___________________________________________________?
Waiter Of course.
George K) ______________________________________________________?
Waiter No, it isn’t, sir.
George Can I pay by credit card?
Waiter Yes, that’s fine.
Exercise 21
Make up a twenty-line dialogue called “At the Restaurant.” Use the following words
and phrases:
1) a menu-card, 2) wine-list, 3) let me have, 4) what shall I help you to?, 5) to uncork a
bottle, 6) what shall we have for ..?, 7) what can you suggest for. .?, 8) here is to . . ., 9)
would you care for .. .?, 10) may I trouble you for . .?
 Speaking
What do you say if:
• You want to invite smb to dinner; • You like a dish very much;
• Smb invites you to dinner; • You want to have a steak (fruit, fish);
• You want to see the menu; • You have enjoyed dinner;
• You give smb the menu; • You want to drink smth.
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Exercise 22
Crossword
ACROSS: DOWN:
1) what Japanese people eat with (10) 1) pots, plates, cups made of baked clay
2) green vegetables found in pods (4) (8)
3) skin of an orange or a potato (4) 2) an eye-watering vegetable (5)
4) thick slice of pork or lamb with a 3) to drink, taking a very small quantity
bone in it (4) at a time (3)
5) not well-done (4) 4) favourite dessert of children (8)
6) American maize (4) 5) deep metal cooking pot with a lid and
7) cook without water (5) a handle (8)
8) used for carving (5) 6) made of pastry with apples or meat
9) flesh of a pig (4) (3)
10) part of a recipe such as flour, eggs, 7) an item of cutlery (5)
etc. (10) 8) main ingredient of all soups (5)
11) flesh of a bull (4) 9) the main cook (4)
10) fruit popular in Poland (5)
11) rub cheese into small pieces (5)
12) young goat (3)
13) hard or soft boiled (3)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9
5
10 11
7
12 13
9
10
11
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 Speaking
The Restaurant Game
Play the game in groups of three. Choose one of the restaurants opposite. The aim of the
game is to get from the start of the meal to the end using the necessary phrases from
your vocabulary.
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Exercise 23
Opening a new restaurant
You live in Pitsville, Nevada. Your town does not have any good places to eat. The
restaurants are bad. Residents of Pitsville must travel 40 miles to another city to find
good food to eat. It is time to change the situation. You and your friends are going to
open a new ‘international’ restaurant. You want to do three things:
1. Serve good food at a fair price.
2. Give good service to your customers.
3. Make money for yourself.
Decide and write
1. What time of the day will you open? ________ Close? ________
2. How many seats will be in the restaurant? _________
3. Describe generally the inside and the outside of the restaurant (colour, style and so
on): ________________________________________________________________
4. Make a sign to put on the outside of the building: ____________________________
The Dinner Menu of the _______________ restaurant
Soups and salads
1. (dish name) _____________________________ (cost)_______________
(description) ____________________________
2. Chef’s Greek salad_______________________ $2.50________________
fresh lettuce, cucumber, oil_________________
3. _______________________________________ _____________________
4. _______________________________________ _____________________
5. _______________________________________ _____________________
Bread
1. _______________________________________ ____________________
2. _______________________________________ ____________________
3. _______________________________________ ____________________
Main dishes
1. ________________________________________ ____________________
2. ________________________________________ ____________________
3. ________________________________________ ____________________
4. ________________________________________ ____________________
5. ________________________________________ ____________________
Desserts
1. _________________________________________ ____________________
2. _________________________________________ ____________________
3. _________________________________________ ____________________
4. _________________________________________ ____________________
5. _________________________________________ ____________________
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Beverages
1. Cafe au Chocolat (French) ___________________ $ 1.75______________
2. _________________________________________ ___________________
3. _________________________________________ ___________________
4. _________________________________________ ___________________
5. _________________________________________ ___________________
 Speaking
1. Do you think the restaurant business is an easy business? Why, or why not?
2. What is the best restaurant you know? Why?
3. Do you want to own a small business and make $20,000 a year or work for a large
business and make $90,000 a year?
4. What are the most important things to think about when you start your own
business?
 Reading
Read the report and fill in although, firstly, secondly, finally and however, then mark the
sentences which follow as T (true) or F (false).
Introduction
The purpose of this report is to assess the new Blue Moon restaurant in Abbington’s
city centre, which I visited on May, 14.
Food and Prices
The menu at the Blue Moon is rather boring for vegetarians as there are only a few
salad and pasta dishes to choose from. 1) …………………, there are plenty of delicious
dishes for those who eat meat. I ordered the grilled chicken with Basmati rice. The
chicken was very tasty, but the rice was rather cold. I also thought that the Blue Moon
was rather expensive.
Service
The staff at the Blue Moon were friendly and helpful. Even though my guest and I
asked a lot of questions, our waiter remained polite and patiently explained many dishes
to us. 2) ……………… it was very busy on the night I visited the Blue Mon, the
service was still fast.
Atmosphere
The comfortable seating, lovely furnishings and live piano music helped to give the
Blue Moon a relaxing atmosphere. The excellent food and service definitely made our
evening pleasurable.
Conclusion
The new Blue Moon restaurant in Abbington’s city centre is, on the whole, a wonderful
place to dine. However, I think the manager should make a few changes. 3)
……………, she should have a wider selection of vegetarian dishes, so that all
customers are satisfied. 4) ……………, she should make sure that all hot dishes are
served hot. 5) ……………., she should lower the prices to give everyone a chance to
visit fabulous new restaurant.
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1. The menu is great for vegetarians……………………...
2. The restaurant was rather expensive……………………
3. The staff were rude. ……………………………………
4. The restaurant is a wonderful place to dine…………….
Pre-reading
What should a good fast-food restaurant have? Put a tick ( ) for the good points, and cross
( ) for the bad points. Then, choose the points you think are most important and talk about
them, as in the example.
Firstly, a good fast-food restaurant should have…. Secondly, it should have….
Thirdly, it should have…. However, a good fast-food restaurant should definitely not
have….
a varied menu smart uniforms
fast service slow service
dirty toilets good music
delicious food clean tables
a wide choice of vegetarian dishes rude waiters
high prices comfortable seating
helpful, friendly staff a no-smoking policy
 Reading
a) Mr Harris visited Monty’s fast-food restaurant to write a report about its good and bad
points. Read this report and fill in the missing headings from the list.
- Food & Prices
- Atmosphere
- Introduction
- Conclusion
- Service
b) What good/bad points does Mr Harris mention in his report? What solutions does he
suggest? Which modal verb does he use for his suggestions?
1…
The purpose of this report is to assess the new Monty’s fast-food restaurant in Chester,
which I visited on June, 28.
2…
There is a varied menu at Monty’s which includes a wide choice of vegetarian dishes
and five types of delicious hamburgers. I tried the Mexican Sizzer – a spicy hamburger
with chilli sauce in a soft, white bread roll. It was very tasty. However, it was rather
cold. I also thought that Monty’s was a bit too expensive.
3…
The Monty’s staff were helpful, friendly and polite during my visit. They looked very
smart in their clean uniforms. Unfortunately, the service was rather slow and one of the
cashiers gave me the wrong change.
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4…
The friendly staff, good music, clean tables, and comfortable seating all helped to give
Monty’s an excellent atmosphere. The new no-smoking policy is also a good idea, and it
made my meal at Monty’s a very pleasurable experience.
5…
The new Monty’s restaurant in Chester is, on the whole, a great success. However, I
think that the manager should make a few improvements. Firstly, he should make sure
that all hot dishes are hot when they go out to customers. Secondly, he should lower the
prices, as they are too high for a fast-food restaurant. Finally, he should improve staff
training, so that the staff work faster and make fewer mistakes.
Read the sentences and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).
1. There is a varied menu at Monty’s.
2. Monty’s was a bit too cheap.
3. The Monty’s staff were helpful, friendly and polite.
4. The new no-smoking policy is also a bad idea.
5. The manger should make no improvements.
 Speaking
Read the report of Mr Harris again and make notes under these headings. Then, use your
notes to talk about Monty’s.
• good points • bad points • suggestions
Writing (a report about good and bad points of a place)

When we write a report about the good and bad points of a place such as a
restaurant, a campsite, a hotel, etc, we can divide it into three parts:
 the introduction, where we state the purpose of our report;
 the main body, where we talk about the good and bad points with examples. We
write each piece of information under sub-headings;
 the conclusion, where we give our overall impression and make our suggestions
We can use present tenses or past tenses for this kind of report.
Plan
Introduction
The purpose of this report is to assess the new Romano’s family restaurant in Norwich,
which I visited on January, 27.
Main Body
 Food and Prices (good and bad points with examples)
 Service (good and bad points with examples)
 Atmosphere (good and bad points with examples)
Conclusion
Overall impression and suggestions.
Listening
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Part 1. Listen and underline the correct information in the table, then use the table to talk
about Romano’s.
Good points Bad Points&Suggestions
Food&Price • menu varied/boring, • wine tasted like
great pasta dishes & vinegar/beer – check
interesting desserts/starters quality of wines
• not cheap/not expensive
Service • staff polite & helpful • one waiter was wearing
• service very slow/fast jeans/a tracksuit – get
staff a proper uniform
Atmosphere • soft/loud music, • very noisy/smoky – start
beautiful furnishings, a no-smoking policy
clean tables, friendly
staff
Part 2. Use the information in the table above to write a report about the good and bad
points of Romano’s (150-200 words).
Part 3. Tim Davis visited the new Fontana’s Pizza House in Sunford last week. Read
his comments and be ready to write his report. Use the report in the previous exercise as
a model (120-160 words).
• The pizzas were tasty and they weren’t expensive.
• It was rather noisy – I think they should play quieter music.
• The tables were clean and the furnishings were very modern.
• The menu was rather boring – I think they should add some different dishes.
• The service was slow – I think the manager should train staff to work faster.
• The staff were very friendly.
Exercise 24
“Скіфія” – модний бар-ресторан
Що є найголовнішим в іміджі ресторану? Звичайно ж, меню! Без нього
ресторан неможливий. Меню – “святе письмо” кожного ресторану. Усі клієнти
читають цю книжечку із захопленням. І чим цікавіше та апетитніше чтиво, чим
екзотичніші назви страв, тим краще йдуть справи закладу.
Як відомо, скіфи-кочівники віддавали перевагу свіжим натуральним
продуктам, тому м”ясо та риба гриль – основа кулінарних страв ресторану
“Скіфія”. Відвідувачам особливо подобається порося – фаршироване, запечене
або натерте духмяними спеціями, а тоді засмажене, та риба під соусом – карасі в
сметані, в”юни із хроном, осетер у салі, залитий желе. Вражають різноманітні
салати на будь-який смак. Виготовлені на основі ніжного курячого філе, телятини,
язика, риби чи морепродуктів, класичні овочеві та фруктові – їх майже два
десятки. Отже, насолоджуйтеся всіма цими салатами-коктейлями, мідіями і
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гребінцями, делікатесами з ківі, апельсинів, авокадо, заправленими різними
соусами.
Можна покуштувати й яскраві десерти, наприклад, палаючі фрукти. Яблука,
груші, банани, консервовані персики, сливи та вишні обливаються коньяком та
підпалюються – ефект вражаючий!
PART VI
TABLE MANNERS
A LIST OF DO’S AND DON’TS
• Never stretch over the table for something you want, ask your neighbour to pass it.
• Take a slice of bread from the bread-plate by hand, don’t harpoon your bread with a
fork.
• Do not bite into the whole slice, break it off by piece.
• Never spoil your neighbour’s appetite by criticizing what he just happens to be
eating or by telling stories which are not conducive to good digestion.
• Chicken requires special handling. First cut as much as you can, and when you can’t
use knife and fork any longer, use your fingers.
• Never read while eating (at least in company).
• When a dish is placed before you, do not eye it suspiciously as though it were the
first time you had seen it, and do not give the impression that you are about to sniff
it. No matter how surprised you are take it all in your stride.
• Do not use a knife for fish, cutlets or omelettes.
• When you are being served, don’t pick. One piece is as good as the next.
• The customary way to refuse a dish is by saying, “No, thank you” (or to accept,
“Yes, please”). Don’t say “I don’t eat that stuff”, don’t make faces or noises to show
that you don’t like it.
• In between courses, don’t make bread-balls to while the time away and do not play
with the silver.
• Don’t lick your spoon. If you really feel that way ask for a second helping.
• Sit facing the table, don’t sit sideways. Keep your feet under you, don’t stretch them
all the way under the table.
• After stirring your tea remove the spoon, and place it on the saucer.
• Don’t use the spoon for what can be eaten with a fork. The forks are placed at the
side of the dish in order which they are to be used (salad fork, fish fork, meat fork,
etc.).
• When eating stewed fruit use your spoon to put the stones on your saucer.
• If there is a napkin on the table, unfold it and spread it on your lap. Don’t tie it
around your neck. Use your napkin often and skillfully. Several pats on the lips will
take the grease off. Don’t use your napkin as though it were blotting paper.
• Don’t eat off the knife.
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• Vegetables, potatoes, macaroni are placed on your fork with the help of your knife.
• Cut your meat into small pieces that can be chewed with ease. Cut off one piece at a
time.
• If your food is too hot, don’t blow on it as though you were trying to start a campfire
on damp night.
• Your spoon, knife and fork are meant to eat with, they are not drumsticks and should
not be banged against your plate.
• Try to make as little noise as possible when eating.
• Don’t sip your soup as though you wanted the whole house to hear.
• Don’t shovel food into your mouth. Take small pieces.
• Don’t talk with your mouth full. First chew and then swallow.
• Don’t put your elbows on the table.
• Don’t pick your teeth in company after the meal even if tooth-picks are provided for
the purpose.
• And, finally don’t forget to say “Thank you” for every favour or kindness.
Exercise 1
Fill in the necessary words:
1. Never ______ over the table for something you want, ask your ________ to pass it.
2. Take a slice of bread from the _______ by _______, don’t ________ your bread
with a ______.
3. Never ______ your neighbour’s ________ by criticizing what he just happens to be
eating or by telling stories which are not _________ to good digestion.
4. Chicken requires special ________. First cut as much as you can, and when you
can’t use _____ and ______ any longer, use your ________.
5. When a dish is placed before you, do not ____ it suspiciously as though it were the
first time you had seen it, and do not give the impression that you are about to _____
it. No matter how surprised you are ___________________________.
6. Do not use a knife for ______, ________ or __________.
7. When you are being served, don’t ______. One piece is as good as the next.
8. The customary way to refuse a dish is by saying, _______________ (or to accept,
____________). Don’t ______ _______ or ________ to show that you don’t like it.
9. In between courses, don’t make _____-____ to while the time away and do not
_____ with the _____.
10. Don’t _____ your spoon. If you really feel that way about it ask for a second
_________.
11. Sit _______ ________, don’t sit sideways. Keep your feet _______ ___, don’t
______ them all the way under the table.
12. After _______your tea _______ the spoon, and place it on the ________.
13. Don’t use the _____ for what can be eaten with a fork. The forks are placed at the
_____ of the dish in order which they are to be used ( ______ fork, ____ fork, ____
fork, etc.).
14. When eating stewed fruit use your _____ to put the stones on your saucer.
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15. If there is a napkin on the table, ______ it and _____ it on your ___. Don’t ___ it
around your neck. Use your napkin _____ and ________. Several pats on the lips
will take the _____ off. Don’t use your napkin as though it were ________ paper.
16. Don’t eat off the ______.
17. ________, _________, _________ are placed on your fork with the help of your
knife.
18. Cut your meat into small ______ that can be ______ with ease. Cut off one piece at a
time.
19. If your food is too hot don’t _____ on it as though you were trying to start a campfire
on damp night.
20. Your spoon, knife and fork are meant to eat with, they are not _________ and should
not be _______ against your plate.
21. Try to make as _______ noise as possible when eating.
22. Don’t ___ your soup as though you wanted the whole house to hear.
23. Don’t ______ food into your mouth. Take small pieces.
24. Don’t _____ with your mouth full. First _____ and then _______.
25. Don’t put your _______ on the table.
26. Don’t _____ your teeth in company after the meal even if _____-_____ are provided
for the purpose.
27. And, finally don’t forget to say __________ for every favour or kindness.
 Reading
The ABC of Table Manners
Good table manners avoid ugliness. All rules of table manners are made to avoid
ugliness. To let anyone see what you have in your mouth is offensive. So is to make a
noise. To make a mess in the plate is disgusting. Look at the following list of table
etiquette rules. What else can you recommend people to do at the table?
1. Do not attract undue attention to yourself in public.

2. When eating take as much as you want but eat as much as you take.
3. Do not eat too fast or too slowly. Cut as you eat.
4. Take a little of every dish that is offered to you.
5. Don’t encircle your plate with the left arm while eating with the right hand. Don’t
push your plate back when finished. It remains exactly where it is until someone
removes it. Don’t lean back and announce ‘I’m through.’ The fact that you have put
your fork and spoon down shows that you have finished. To indicate that you have
enough, place knife and fork together, not criss-cross.
6. Do not reach across the table – simply say: ‘Would you pass me the salt, please.’
7. At a small party do not start eating until all are served. At a large party it is not
necessary to wait for all. The hostess gives the signal to her guests by saying: ‘Start
eating, please, your food will get cold.’
8. There is no rule about eating everything in your plate. All juicy or soft fruit or cake
is best eaten with a fork. If you are able to eat a peach or a ripe pear with your
fingers and not slop your face, let the juice run down your fingers or make sucking
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noises you are one in a thousand who may continue to do so. But if you can not eat
something no matter what it is without getting it all over your fingers, you must use a
fork, a knife or a spoon.
9. Do not leave spoon in your cup when drinking tea or coffee.
10. Do not empty your glass too quickly it will be promptly refilled.
11. Don’t put liquid into your mouth if it is full.
 Speaking
a) At some party not long ago you met a guy or a girl who was different from the others
in the way he or she behaved at the table. Those were really good manners. Can you
describe them?
b) You are shocked at you sister’s new boyfriend’s table manners. Why?
c) Do you think some of the table etiquette rules are unreasonable? Which? Why?
d) After a birthday party mother said to her small child: ‘Don’t forget to come up to
Mrs. Brown and apologize.’ Why did she say that?
Exercise 2
Part A. Work in pairs and discuss the answers to the following questions.
‘Mind your manners!’
1. What do you say at the start of a meal?
2. Do you usually use a knife or a fork? If so, what hand do you hold them in?
3. Do you use a napkin? If so, where do you put it?
4. Where do you put your fork when you have finished your meal?
5. Where do you put your hands when you’re at the table but not eating?
6. Do you eat cake with a fork or a spoon?
7. What food do you usually eat with your fingers at the dining table?
8. How do you usually drink hot coffee or tea?
9. Do you read during a meal?
10. What do you say and do when someone raises his or her glass?
Part B. Work in groups of three and write down three examples of table manners – two
false and one true. Present your three examples of table manners to the rest of the group,
let the students guess which is the correct one.
Example:
1. You should always eat thick soup with a knife and fork.
2. In a restaurant, you can attract the waiter’s attention by whistling.
3. After a meal, say goodbye and shake hands with all the other people.
Exercise 3
Open the brackets following the rules of table manners:
1. On receiving the invitation (don’t / give) your “yes” or “no” answer promptly.
2. If you cannot make it (don’t / write or telephone) to express your regret and (don’t /
ask) to be excused.
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3. (Don’t / come) before the time indicated on the invitation. Try (not to be late / not to
come in time).
4. (Don’t / shake) hands with the hostess, unless she extends her hand.
5. (Do not / stand up) when introduced.
6. When leaving a party (do not / thank) the host and hostess, but (do not / attract)
attention of other guests.
7. (Do not / press) refreshments, especially strong drinks upon unwilling guests.
8. (Don’t / write) thank-you-notes to thank someone for the party.
9. (Don’t / attract) attention to yourself in public.
10. When eating (do not / take) as much as you want, but (don’t / eat) as much as you
take.
11. (Do not / eat) too fast, (don’t / munch) while eating.
12. (Don’t / take ) a little of every dish that’s offered to you.
13. (Don’t / eat) cakes with forks, (don’t /eat) with spoons.
14. (Don’t / gulp) your drink. (Don’t / sip) your drink.
15. (Don’t / wish) each other “Good appetite”.
Exercise 4
You would like to invite your friend to a restaurant but he/she doesn’t want to go
because he/she is not sure in his/her table manners. Test your friend using this
questionnaire.
Good Bad Neither
1. Your friend remains standing until shown a
chair.
2. She reaches across the table.
3. She helps herself to some meat.
4. As soon as she has some food on her plate, she
begins eating.
5. She talks with her mouth full.
6. She chews with her mouth closed.
7. She puts her knife in her mouth.
8. She puts her napkin on her lap.
9. She wipes her plate with the roll.
10.She makes slurping sounds while eating.
11.She keeps a hand on her lap while eating.
12.She drinks her soup from the bowl without a
spoon.
13.She picks up a roll with her left hand.
14.She comments on how good the food is.
15.She asks for the recipe.
16.She finishes everything on her plate.
17.She asks for a second helping.
18.She puts her elbows on the table.
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19.She tells about a bloody accident on the TV
news.
20.She licks some gravy off her fingers.
21.She picks up a chicken wing with her hands.
22.She quietly leaves the table to use the
bathroom.
23.She blows her nose.
24.She eats quickly.
25.When offered seconds, she says “No thanks”.
26.She belches after the meal.
27.She helps clear the table.
28.She says “Thank you” to your parents.
29.She smokes at the table.
30.She leaves right after dinner.
Speaking
Answer the questions:
• Why are some manners neither bad nor good?
• Is it necessary to know and follow table manners? Why?
Exercise 5
Put the verbs in brackets in active or passive voice where necessary.
Thick soup and broth …. (serve) in special cups, first should…. (eat) with a spoon and
when it… (get) cool enough you can drink it right from the cup.
In spite of existing opinion poultry and game… (eat) with hands. Reasonable hosts at
least… (cut) poultry into appropriate bites which can …. (easily eat) with a knife and
fork. What is impossible… (separate) from the bones with the above mentioned
instruments better to leave on the plate.
Fish … (eat) with a fork separating the meat with the help of the special fish knife or
other fork.
On the left from the main serving dish as a rule, there is a little plate. From the bread
lying on it one should divide little bits needed for one time. If they … (spread) with
butter one should hold it carefully on the little plate. Served sandwiches … (eat) with a
knife and fork.
Butter and jam which … (serve) to … (spread) on bread … first (put) on the bread
plate and then … (take) with a knife. The only thing which is possible to take with
either knife or fork is cheese.
Exercise 6
Part A. Зовсім нескладний етикет.
Не поспішайте накидатись на їжу. Спочатку сядьте прямо, не обпираючись
ліктями об стіл. Познайомтесь з сусідами, які сидять з Вами за столом, якщо не
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мали змоги зробити це раніше. Підтримуючи бесіду, намагайтесь не торкатись
занадто болючих тем і не зловживайте увагою співрозмовників. Не розпочинайте
розмов про хвороби, дієти та інші не дуже апетитні теми.
Ні в якому випадку не критикуйте подані страви та напої. Пам’ятайте, що
словами: “Я взагалі нічого не п’ю окрім шампанського“ ви можете образити
хазяїна вечірки. Навпаки ж, якщо Ви поцікавитесь рецептом смачної страви,
господині буде дуже приємно.
Part B. Декілька корисних порад:
1) Місце полотняної серветки – тільки на колінах.
2) Відчувши, що смачний шматочок занадто гарячий, намагайтесь проковтнути
його без особливих гримас і запийте холодною водою.
3) Якщо Ви випустили ніж або виделку, спокійно попросіть замінити їх.
4) Закінчивши страву, не відсовуйте тарілку, а покладіть на неї ніж та виделку
паралельно.
5) Ніколи не запивайте з повним ротом. Виключення можна зробити для
солодкого з чаєм або кавою.
6) Якщо за столом потрібно видалити з рота рибну кістку, зробіть це, не
привертаючи уваги. Кісточки від фруктів дістаються ложечкою і кладуться на
край тарілки.
Part C. Скажи мені, як ти їси і я скажу тобі, хто ти.
Віка, менеджер туристичної фірми, під час відрядження в Женеву опинилась у
рибному ресторані. Подали молюсків, яких Віка ніколи раніше не коштувала. Але
вона прямо на місці навчилась користуватися спеціальним ножем для відкривання
молюсків, коли спостерігала, як цю нескладну операцію виконують її сусіди.
Універсальне правило : якщо не знаєш – подивись на того, хто знає. Але щоб
спокійно сісти за стіл, краще заздалегідь дізнатись, як і з чим які страви їдять.
Їсти гарно і акуратно дуже просто, якщо ви поважаєте своїх сусідів за столом і
бажаєте, щоб ваша компанія була їм приємна. А якщо ні … краще не приймати
запрошення!
(From “Cosmopolitan”)
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PART VII
NATIONAL CUISINE
What national Ukrainian / Russian / English / American dishes do you know?
Ukrainian Cuisine
Pre-reading
To your mind what are the key words which characterize Ukrainian cuisine.
There is a proverb in Ukrainian: Хліб та каша – їжа наша. Does it characterize
Ukrainian cuisine?
 Reading
This text is taken from the book written by a native American. Read this article and say
whether his impressions about Ukrainian food coincide with yours.
Ukrainian cuisine is a lot more varied than the borshch and varenyky often associated
with it. The wealth of plants and animals raised in this fertile land accounts for a rich
and varied diet; in addition, the cuisine was enriched from historical contacts with
Europe and Asia. Despite the foreign influences, there is something original and
distinctive about the way Ukrainians transform food into cuisine.
Like Italian cuisine, Ukrainian dishes show a sophisticated simplicity based on the
goodness of the ingredients themselves and their natural flavors. Dishes are neither
highly spiced nor bland, but subtle and pleasing, seasoned to perfection.
Bread, of course, is the mainstay of the Ukrainian diet and it is marvellous. Ukraine’s
reputation as the “breadbasket of Europe” is well-deserved. The French writer Honore
de Balzac, who lived in Ukraine from 1847 through 1850, counted 77 ways of preparing
bread. Bread is so important a part of life that Ukrainians have a custom of greeting
honored guests with a loaf of bread topped with a mound of salt. Ukrainian groups still
use this custom today in welcoming ceremonies for dignitaries and important persons.
The most important vegetables are beets, cabbage, cucumbers, potatoes, tomatoes,
onions, and beans. These simple ingredients are transformed into sophisticated
combinations of flavor and texture when spiced with the holy trinity of Ukrainian
cuisine — garlic, vinegar, and dill.
Food is seasonal, therefore, preserved and pickled to last through the winter; pickled
cucumbers, cabbage, tomatoes, mushrooms, peppers, and even apples lend flavor and
tartness to many dishes. Salads are very common, not the lettuce-based kind Americans
eat, but combinations of fresh, cooked and occasionally preserved vegetables, often
mixed with meats and cheeses in creative yet subtle blendings of flavors.
Comprehension check
➢ Did you get any new information from the article? What was it?
➢ Answer the questions to check your memory and knowledge.
1) How was the Ukrainian cuisine enriched historically?
2) What is common between Ukrainian and Italian cuisines?
3) Are Ukrainian dishes highly spiced?
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4) What is the mainstay of the Ukrainian diet?
5) Who, one of the most well known French writers, was surprised by the amount of
ways of preparing bread?
6) How do Ukrainians greet honoured guests?
7) What vegetables are the most popular among Ukrainians?
8) What is the holy trinity of Ukrainian cuisine?
9) Do Ukrainians preserve fruit and vegetables to last through the winter? And how?
10) What is the common formula in Ukrainian salads in comparison with other
cuisines?
➢ Match the words from the text with their explanation.

1) Style of cooking a) custom
2) Ability to make someone/something change b) trinity
3) Substance which goes to make something c) mainstay
4) Very delicate d) ceremony
5) Principal support e) bread
6) The sort of foods one habitually eats f) subtle
7) Food of baked dough made of flour usually leavened g) diet
with yeast and moistened
8) Usual way of behaving or acting h) cuisine
9) Formal procedure, especially on religious or public i) ingredient
occasions
10) Group of three j) influence
 Reading
UKRAINIAN SPECIALITIES
Borshch, the mildly tart beet-vegetable soup, is truly the national dish of Ukraine. A
staple in all restaurants and served frequently in homes, borshch is not only the most
popular dish in all Ukraine, it is uniquely Ukrainian. Although other Slavic cultures
have adopted borshch, Ukraine is where it originated, and even as recently as 40 years
ago borshch could not be found in restaurants in other Soviet republics.
The many versions of borshch served throughout the country reflect the individuality
of Ukrainians as well as their ingenuity. Generally all borshch contains many different
ingredients, as many as 20, but the combinations and proportions vary according to
region and season, as well as from personal preference. In the western regions, beets
predominate, while in the central areas, more cabbage is used. Borshch may be meatless
or it may be prepared from a base of a rich meat stock and contain either beef or fresh or
smoked pork. It may be served either hot or cold.
Varenyky are dumplings made from a soft rolled dough that are usually filled with
either cottage cheese, potatoes, or cabbage and sauerkraut. Sour cherries are very
popular in dessert varenyky. Varenyky are prepared by boiling. Many Ukrainians in
North America are accustomed to calling varenyky. Those with roots in western Ukraine
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especially use the terms synonymously, perhaps because in nearby Poland the boiled
dumplings are called “pierogi,” which is the Polish equivalent of the word pyrohy. In
Ukraine, however, pyrohy are made from a yeast-risen dough and are baked rather than
boiled.
Several pastries start with the word “pyr” which means “banquet,” perhaps
indicating that these originated as banquet foods. Made from yeast-raised dough or a
short puff pastry, they’re distinguished from one another primarily by their size.
Borshch and varenyky, served together, make a nourishing and tasty meal. Both are
accompanied by sour cream. Here are some other quintessential Ukrainian dishes:
Cabbage rolls stuffed with meat and rice or buckwheat are holubtsi. The word
holubtsi literally means “little pigeons.” A meatless version of holubtsi is a traditional
Christmas Eve dish.
UKRAINIAN CUISINE
The people of Ukraine are hearty, generous and hospitable, exactly the same
words which could be used to describe both the land and climate of the country.
Nowhere is the link between people and the land more pronounced than in Ukraine.
The seasons for ploughing, sowing and harvesting set the tempo of life.
Ukrainian cuisine has an age-king history. A thousand years ago Kyivans ate
wheat and rye bread, pork, beef, chicken and duck. Dishes of crucian carp, sturgeon,
vegetables and fruit were also common.
A typical home dinner begins with zakuska (appetiser) such as zesty sauerkraut
salad, tantalising pickled mushrooms, stuffed eggs and assorted cold meats and
sausage. A tasty borsch (cabbage soup) will precede a main course of meat, chicken,
or fish. Desserts may consist of the delicious Ukrainian honey cake, or the
indescribable walnut tart with cream frosting.
Kyiv is justifiably famous all over the world for its chicken Kyiv. Despite the fact
that you are in the city after which it is named, chicken Kyiv is rarely available in
restaurants here.
Ukrainians are generous hosts. When invited to a meal the guest should anticipate
the serving of ample quantities of food. A meal may start with salads and progress
through several courses to dessert. A gracious guest will at least sample each dish
which is offered. It may be a wise precaution to leave some food on the plate
because an empty plate will quickly be refilled by an attentive host. During the meal
vodka is a popular drink for men while women tend to prefer wine. It is a good idea
not to empty your glass - to do so is to invite yet another refill. Your host will
probably be offended if you don't drink at least a few rounds. Ukrainians love to
make lengthy toasts. At a birthday party each guest is expected to make a toast in
support of the guest of honour. Don't be surprised if the hostess doesn't join the
guests at the table. It is common for all to sit at the table while the hostess works in
the kitchen. It is a nice gesture to offer assistance although it is likely to be declined.
Traditional Ukrainian food is delicious, but good examples of it are seldom
available in state canteens, where food tends to be bland and insipid.
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Traditional dishes that we recommend you to try are:
Ukrainian borsch (cabbage soup)

Pampushky (soft rolls soaked in fresh crushed garlic and oil)
Varenyky (small dumplings stuffed with various fillings)
Deroony (potato pancakes)
Holubtsi (cabbage rolls stuffed with meat)
Mlyntsi (stuffed pancakes)
So, as the saying goes - when in Ukraine, dine as the Ukrainians do!
SMACHNOHO VSIM!
English Cuisine
 Reading
Read and translate this magazine article about English food.
I am always both amused and annoyed when I hear foreign people criticise English
food. ‘It’s unimaginative,” they say. It’s boring, it’s tasteless, it’s chips with everything
and totally overcooked vegetables. “It’s unambitious,” say the French, “all you do is
roasts with jam”. We eat apple sauce with pork. That’s the bit they find really shocking,
but then the French are easily shocked by things that aren’t French.
When I ask these visitors where they have experienced English cooking, I am
astonished by their reply. “In Wimpy Bars and McDonald’s Hamburger restaurants,”
they often say. I have won my case. Their conclusions are inexcusable.
I have a theory about English cooking, and I was interested to read that several
famous cookery writers agree with me. My theory is this. Our basic ingredients, when
fresh, are so full of flavour that we haven’t had to invent sauces and complex recipes to
disguise their natural taste. What can compare with fresh peas or new potatoes just
boiled (not overboiled) and served with butter? Why drown spring lamb in wine or
cream or yoghurt and spices, when with just one or two herbs it is absolutely delicious?
It is interesting to speculate what part factors such as geography and climate play in
the creation of a country’s food. We complain about our wet and changeable weather,
but it is the rain which gives us such rich soil and green grass. “Abroad,” says Jane
Grigson, “poor soils meant more searching for food, more discovery, more invention,
whereas our ancestors sat down to plenty without having to take trouble”.
If you ask foreigners to name some typically English dishes, they will probably say
“Fish and chips” and then stop. It is disappointing, but true, that there is no tradition in
England of eating in restaurants because our food doesn’t lend itself to such preparation.
English cooking is found in the home, where it is possible to time the dishes to
perfection. So it is difficult to find a good English restaurant with reasonable prices.
It is for these reasons that we haven’t exported our dishes, but we have imported the
surprising number all over the world. In most cities in Britain you’ll find Indian,
Chinese, French, and Italian restaurants. In London you’ll also find Indonesian,
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Lebanese, Iranian, German, Spanish, Mexican, Greek . . . Cynics will say that this is
because we have no “cuisine” ourselves, but, well, you know what I think!
Comprehension check
➢ What do you think influences a country’s food?
➢ Which of these titles do you think is best?
1) Fish and Chips against the world!
2) Cosmopolitan English cooking
3) In defence of English cooking
4) Freshness is best in the English kitchen
5) English food: Facts or Myth?
➢ What is the author’s main point about English food?

➢ Why doesn’t he agree with foreign people’s criticism of English food?
➢ What is the comparison that Jane Gridiron makes?
➢ Why are there few English restaurants?
➢ What do you think?
• What kind of person wrote this article? What makes you think so?
• Who do you think Jane Grigson is?
• “I have won my case.” (Line 9) What does this mean?
• Do you agree with this article? Read it again and mark it like this.
I agree +
I don’t agree ─
I find this surprising !!
I don’t understand this ?
➢ Summarize each paragraph in one or two sentences.
Grammar exercises
Part A. Look at line 5 of the article. What’s the difference between shocking and
shocked?
Which Describes the person’s reaction?
Is passive?
Which Describes the action?
Is active?
Some verbs which describe people’s feelings have two adjectival forms.
E.g. to shock / shocked / I was shocked by the news.
To shock / shocking / The news was shocking.
Part B. Find other words like this in the article. Sometimes only one of the two is there,
but you can write both in the columns. Note: These are only words that tell us about
people’s feelings (not words like ‘cooking’).
Adjectives ending in –ed Adjectives ending in –ing
Amused Amusing
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Part C. Use the “-ing” adjectives below to complete the sentences which follow.
ageing existing drawing increasing living rising
a) The main problem is …....... prices. Things are getting much too expensive.
b) Factories in Japan are becoming even more automated, making …...... use of
robots.
c) Things will have to change. The …...... system simply doesn’t work.
d) Mohammed Ali, the former heavyweight champion of the world, has been
described as a …...... legend.
e) The young folks have all gone. There is no one left in the village apart from a
few …........ people.
f) Unemployment is on the increase. A …............ number of young people, in
particular, are finding themselves out of work.
Part D. Use the “-ed” adjectives below to complete the definitions which follow.
alarmed amused astonished bored depressed satisfied
a) When you find something funny, you are …......... by it.
b) If something makes you sad and unhappy, you feel ….......... .
c) If you are …........... , you feel very surprised.
d) If something makes you very worried, you are …......... by it.
e) If you are reasonably content with something, you feel …........ .
f) When you are ….... , you feel tired and impatient because you have nothing to do.
Part E. The following words are in the text. Use your dictionary to find the other parts
of speech. Check the pronunciation. Add the words of your own.
Noun Adjective Verb Noun Verb Noun Adjective
creation agree famous
basic invent theory
conclusion complain tradition
discovery possible
preparation
Part F. Put one suitable adjective (-ed or –ing ) into each gap.
a) The book was so…........... that I couldn’t put it down.
b) The students were …........... the lesson and really fell asleep.
c) John told some very….......... stories. We couldn’t stop laughing.
d) “You look ….......... to see me!” “I am. I thought you were in China!”
e) She is very …......... in modern art. She reads all the books she can about it.
f) Your exam results are…........... . I thought you would do much better.
g) Please stop tapping your fingers. I find it very…........... .
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Part G. Complete the following pairs of sentences using the correct form of the verb in
brackets. You must use the “-ed” form for one sentence in each pair and the “-ing” form
for the other.
1. a) I had nothing to do. I was …........ and lonely. (bore)
b) I had only one book with me but I didn’t read it. It was so …......... .
2. a) I enjoyed Dr Brown’s visit. He is a very…......... speaker. (interest)
b) We invited them to join us, but they weren’t really …......... .
3. a) The bad news was very …........ . (depress)
b) It was a bad day. We were all thoroughly …............ .
4. a) I enjoyed the film. The monster was absolutely …........ . (terrify)
b) We were told there was a bomb in the building. Everyone was absolutely …....... .
5. a) We were rather ….......... with the results. (disappoint)
b) The results were very …............. .
6. a) We were dreadfully late. It was very …......... . (embarrass)
b) George made a perfect fool of himself. He was awfully …......... .
7. a) Jack looked even more ….......... than he felt. (amaze)
b) She is a brilliant woman. She has the most …......... ideas.
8. a) Have you heard what’s happened? Isn’t it …........... ? (excite)
b) Mary looked calm, but inside she felt really ….......... .
 Reading
AUSTRALIAN FOOD
Everyone thinks of barbecues when they think of Australian food, don’t they?
Well, there are many more exciting (or frightening!) things to eat in Australia
than that. Read about Australian food and write what you think. 3 = Delicious! I’d like
lots, please. 2 = Can I try a little/some? 1 = Disgusting! I can’t eat that.
MEAT PIES
Australians eat meat pies for a quick lunch when they’re out. They’re not very healthy.
An old-fashioned way of eating a pie is on top of lots of tomato sauce and peas.
PAVLOVA
You know Pavlova, don’t you? It’s a big meringue with cream and fruit – yum! But did
you know that it’s an Australian dessert? Anna Pavlova, the famous Russian dancer,
was in Australia. When the chef saw the meringue, he thought of Pavlova’s skirt when
she danced so he called his dessert Pavlova.
WITCHETTY GRUBS
Do you have a strong stomach? Yes? Why don’t you try witchetty grubs? Witchetty
grubs are caterpillars that are as big as your finger and you eat them alive. They are
Aboriginal food but now you can see them on restaurant menus and in supermarkets all
over Australia.
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LAMINGTON CAKE
Lamington Cake is a chocolate and coconut covered cake. People began making
Lamington Cake because a farmer’s wife thought of covering her cakes with chocolate
to stop them becoming dry and old.
HONEY ANTS
Are you brave enough to try honey ants? These are ants with big abdoments that taste of
honey. Delicious!
Now add up your score to find out what you think of food.
6-9 points: You don’t like food very much, do you? But it’s a good idea to try different
dishes – maybe they’re delicious! 10-13 points: You’re not very adventurous but you
are polite and usually try a little bit so you probably don’t upset anyone. 14-18 points:
You love food, don’t you? You also love adventure and new things. You are the perfect
guest in a foreign country.
EAT YOUR HEART OUT …IN THE USA

Anyone who thinks that food in the United States of America is all junk food will
be astonished by the variety of the true cooking of the country. Scrapple, grand central
oyster stew, jambalaya, tacos, cioppino and hashed browns are all American dishes, yet
they come from different traditions and different regions of the country.
There are six main cooking regions in the USA: New England, New York, Deep
South, Mid West, Tex Mex and West Coast. Here's a quick guide to what you can eat there.
In New England they eat a lot of fish and shellfish. Many dishes are left on the stove
to be eaten all day, such as boiled beef and chicken stew, and Boston is the home of the
famous baked beans.
New York is where people from all over the world meet, and you can see this in its
cooking: Greek, Italian, Russian, Chinese and others. Pizza and pasta are favourites, and it's
the home of the hot dog and the hamburger.
In the Deep South, it's a mix of English, French, African and Caribbean cooking, with
spicy seafood, beans and rice, pork dishes, pecan pie and of course, southern fried chicken.
The farmland of the Mid West produces corn-on-the-cob (maize;), steak, tomatoes,
potatoes and lettuce, and baked hams. The people who live there came from Europe, so you
can also try Hungarian goulash, Swiss, Dutch and English cheeses and Scandinavian
coffee.
Tex Mex is hot and spicy, with green and red peppers, beans, tomatoes, mangoes,
avocados and chocolate sauce (mole).
The West Coast is known for its fruit, especially oranges and lemons, and for its seafood,
lobster and mussels. A lot of the cooking is with wine.
From brownies to tacos, from spare ribs to clam chowder, cooking in the USA has
something for everyone. Enjoy!
148
FRENCH CUISINE
Perhaps more than any other country, France best captured the imagination of ‘grand
cuisine.’ France is romance. It is the Eiffel Tower, floodlit and rising dream-like up into
the night sky. It is the rolling, vineyard-covered hills of Burgundy, and the exotic,
almost tropical toast of the French Riviera. For many France is also the gastronomic
centre of good food.
The French are independent, in love with colour and life. They consider the serving
of food to be almost as important as the food itself. A typical meal begins with hors d'oeuvres
made from a number of delectable ingredients, served either hot or cold and meant to excite
the taste buds. The entree could be either meat, fish, or fowl accompanied by a portion of
vegetables. Cheese follows, usually served with fruit. Dessert may consist of apple tart or
strawberries and cream. Paris is the heart of the country. Known the world over for its
fashions, art galleries and museums, the City of Light is also the home of Haute Cuisine.
Here the art of cooking has reached its zenith and chefs are treated as national heroes.
Subtle sauces are the core of this tradition, meant to appeal to the sense of sight as well
as of taste. These sauces should never overwhelm the ingredients but should complement
them, allowing their flavours to mingle in a delightful bouquet. Each dish is a creation
inspired by love of food. In this same tradition French Haute Cuisine desserts are almost
decadent in their sensual appeal.
Escoffier, perhaps the greatest French chef, believed that good cooking was the basis
of happiness. Who knows? Perhaps he was right. The variety of tastes found in French
cooking certainly does have the power to evoke smiles of pleasure.
ASIAN FOOD
From a visit to three Asian countries, one thing is clear: the Asian diet is now more
Westernised. The traditional Asian food - eaten three times a day - is rice. But now there
are also meals of wheat products, such as toast for breakfast and milk products.
Asian supermarkets now have a long list of Western foods such as breads, cakes and
biscuits, snack foods, tinned goods and fizzy soft-drinks, pasta (wheat noodles),
breakfast cereals, butter, cheese, lamb and beef.
But most striking is the large number of milk products. Milk products traditionally
aren't part of an Asian diet - many Asians are actually allergic to milk. But there are
now ads on television for milk. Milk, according to the ads, is ‘modern’, middle class
and healthy. At a supermarket in Ampang Park, Kuala Lumpur, there is a shelf, four
metres long, for milk in tins.
In one Bangkok supermarket there are more than a dozen different brands of milk
drinks, from strawberry to pineapple flavour. In a typical supermarket in Chiang Mai in
northern Thailand (population 1.2 million), there is fresh milk, and flavoured long-life
milk in mini cartons. There are also fruit yoghurts with pineapple, orange and lychee
flavours.
Unfortunately, there are now more Western diet-related diseases.
149
GREEK GUISINE -
SIMPLICITY INSPIRED BY GODS
Greek cuisine reveals the cultural influences that have been gained from its
neighbours for centuries – Turkey, the Balkans and also the Middle East. Greek cooking
draws from these ethnic contributions to develop its own very distinctive character. Like
all other ethnic cuisines, Greek cuisine has its culinary secrets. Its main distinction is the
use of good fresh ingredients, varied vegetables with a balance of wild herbs and spices,
the world famous Greek olive oil, feta curd cheese, and a basic simplicity. Fresh hints of
basil, fragrant thyme and rosemary, the tender freshness of mint all impart that
distinctive flavour to Greek dishes.
Feta cheese is on the menu at every restaurant and café. Greek feta is a unique
cheese that differs from all other cheeses made with goat’s milk. The unique nature of
feta is claimed by the Greeks to originate from the herbs naturally infused in the milk as
they sun ripen on the free pastures and are eaten by the goats.
Feta cheese has been produced in Greece for thousand of years, and the process of
making feta has hardly changed since the times of Homer. Feta manufacturers of the
present day mostly follow traditional techniques where fresh milk is heated to 35 (in
the long hot summer days, there is no need to heat it), then special enzymes are added to
curdle the milk. Sometimes, a few hours in the morning are enough for the curdling to
complete. Then, the whey is allowed to drain, and curds are put in a cloth bag to dry.
Then everything is easy and tasty. The curd is cut into large pieces, salted (for a
better preservation and firmness) and left to repose in a dry place for another 24 hours.
It is then placed into wooden barrels filled with brine. In a month, the cheese is mature
and can be removed from the brine, it can however be left alone thus remaining
preserver for much longer, if necessary.
The Greeks avoid sophisticated dishes, they go for simple cooking, but their table
must always be nicely dressed. Unfortunately, the culinary choice of many visitors to
Greece often narrowed down to what is recommended in their guidebooks. This robs
them of numerous gastronomic delights.
150
REVISION TOPICS
1. Eating for living or living for eating.

2. Healthy food. Dieting.
3. Cooking.
4. My favourite dish.
5. My meals.
6. Eating out.
7. Table manners.
8. Ukrainian cuisine.
9. English cuisine.
10. International cuisine.
151

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3

Fruit and Vegetables

B. Name the vegetables which you eat every day.

B. Do you like fruit? Which? Why?

THREE BEAUTIFUL BUY TWELVE AND

D. One of these is not an example of shellfish (seafood). Which one?

E. Which are fish and which are usually called seafood?

Cereals and grasses

Pasta and bread

10. _ _ _ f 11. _ _ a _ k _ _ 12. _ _ _ pe

B. Which of these spices would you find it difficult to live without?

B. Do you use them in cooking? When?

blow chew suck crunch swallow sip lick bite

Grammar. Conditional sentences.

If Maria eats shrimp, she’ll get sick.

1. a(n) …………………. world 9. ……………………… of modern life

Exercise 4. Choose the correct item.

Is quickly turned into energy? 0 _B__

Can keep you awake if consumed 1 ____ 2 ____

Fills you up and keeps you from 4 ____

May lead to weight gain if eaten 5 ____ 6 ____ 7 ____

Can help to prevent a disease of 8 ____

May cause a type of cancer? 9 ____

Help you to concentrate? 10 ____ 11 ____

May lead to heart problems? 12 ____

Has no nutritional value? 13 ____

EAT, DRINK… AND DON’T BE SORRY

A view of fast food

3. How many times a week do you 5. How many times a week

HE ISN’T HEAVY, HE’S ON REDUX

 Reading and Writing

A. The experiment failed.

Act Three scald marrow bones for stock

Ways of cooking food – verbs

What are the benefits of yoghurt? Write 5 sentences with if.

Chocolate – like falling in love

In good paragraph writing, it is important to move smoothly from sentence to sentence.

Бісквіт зі смородиновою начинкою

Ягідний торт з горіхами та йогуртом

11.00 Then again, those blackcurrants are so nice and fresh, it

12.30 This is not helping towards dinner. Concentrate! ... How

Why We Eat What We Eat

Food Culture Reason Used

Exercise 6. Write the correct form of the word on the line.

a) Let’s open another bottle of wine. Where’s the __________?

CHAMPAGNE OR SPARKLING WINE?

“LA CHAMPAGNE” AND “LE CHAMPAGNE”

VINTAGE AND NON-VINTAGE CHAMPAGNE

Practice 2. Make questions for these answers from the text.

Nashville Superburger Bar,

Main course Cold beverages

Waitress Good evening! Table for three?

Writing (a report about good and bad points of a place)

1. Do not attract undue attention to yourself in public.

➢ Match the words from the text with their explanation.

Ukrainian borsch (cabbage soup)

➢ What is the author’s main point about English food?

EAT YOUR HEART OUT …IN THE USA

1. Eating for living or living for eating.

Can keep you awake if consumed 1 2

May lead to weight gain if eaten 5 6 7

Help you to concentrate? 10 11