DATE: 5/24/2022

PROBLEM:

Consider a building at Kolkata with grid lines A , B , C and D along one direction and 1,2,3 and 4 along the perpendicular direction . AB =
4 m , BC = 4 m , CD = 4.5 m and 1-2 = 4 m , 2-3 = 4.5 m and 3-4 = 5 m . The building is fixed at 0 m level , has its first floor at 4.0 m level ,
second floor at 7.0 m level and third floor at 10.0 m level . Consider seismic force parallel to grids A , B, C and D .All beams are 250 mm
X 400 mm and all columns are 400mm X 400 mm . There are two shear walls with their planes parallel to the direction of seismic force ,
each 3 m deep and 200 mm thick . Thickness of slab is 125 mm. Live load is 3 kN/m^2. Weight of floor finish and ceiling plaster is 1.2
kN/m^2. External walls are 200 mm thick. External walls are clay brick walls where unit weight of clay is 19.2 kN/m^3. The lumped
loads at the floor levels from first to third should be considering dead loads and appropriate proportions of live load . Calculate the
floor shears by seismic coefficient method and calculate the parts which are individually shared by frame and the shear wall systems
through interaction from deflection compatibility up to second iteration only . Assume all other data but mention them clearly .
Assume M30 concrete and Fe500 steel. Calculate the natural frequencies and obtain mode shapes to get the floor shears considering
all modes and combining the results by SRSS approach . Design and detail a concrete shear wall (4000mm X 300mm) as per IS 13920
with the following data:
Factored axial load = 4500 kN , factored shear force = 350 kN, factored bending moment = 2500 kN-m.
Perform the static wind analysis, dynamic along wind analysis and dynamic cross wind analysis of the structure.

1 2 3 4
4.0 4.5 5.0 Slab thickness = 125 mm
A m m m External wall thickness = 200 mm
Y
4.0 m COLUMNS
B
X
4.0 m F (SEISMIC FORCE)
C
SHEAR WALLS
4.5 m
D
400
mm
F3
250
3.0 m mm
F2 BEAM CROSS-SECTION

3.0 m
F1 400
mm
4.0 m 400
mm
COLUMN CROSS-SECTION
F31 F32

3000
F21 F22 mm

200
F11 F12 mm
SHEAR WALL CROSS-SECTION
 DATE: 5/24/2022

Lumped masses:
1st floor: 2270.849 kN
F11 = K1F1 Floor finish + cement plaster = 1.2 kN/m^2 2nd floor: 2124.009 kN
F21 = K2F2 Live load intensity = 3 kN/m^2 3rd floor: 1430.364 kN
F31 = K3F3
Concrete grade = M 30
Solve K1, K2 and K3 from deflection compatibility. Steel grade = Fe 500
 DATE: 5/24/2022

SOLUTION:

As per Clause 1.1 of IS 16700:2017,

Building is designated as tall structure if height of the building is between 50 m and 250 m. But in our problem we will analyse and
design a G+2 (3 storeyed, 10 m high) building as tall structure for ease of long hand computations.

We will analyse the building for X-direction wind and seismic.

Shear walls are very stiff in plane of forces and are not stiff in the perpendicular plane to the plane of forces.
Shear walls along X-Y plane will take load in X-direction.

Calculation of base shear from static point of view (Equivalent Static Lateral Force Method):

While considering stiffness, we consider the building without bricks and fills because the quality of brick we get now-a-days do not have
sufficient compressive strength to resist the diagonal compression which arises out of seismic forces. When the seismic force comes,
the beam column panels in the vertical plane tend to shear and tend to assume a kite like structure. Along one diagonal there will be
tension and along other diagonal there will be compression. Brick morter assembly cannot take tension but they can take compression
which is known as strut action. Here we will ignore the strut action.

As per Clause 7.6.1 of IS 1893 (Part 1):2016,

W= 2323.349+2169.009+1452.864
= 5825.2213 kN

As per Clause 6.4.2 of IS 1893 (Part 1):2016,

 DATE: 5/24/2022

As per Table 3 of IS 1893 (Part 1):2016,

As per Figure 1 of IS 1893 (Part 1):2016,

 DATE: 5/24/2022

As per Table 9 of IS 1893 (Part 1):2016,

The approximate fundamental natural period of a vibration (Ta), in seconds, of a moment resisting frame building without brick infill
panels may be estimated by the empirical expression:

where h is the height of the building, in metres.

= 0.075*(3.0+3.0+4.0)^0.75
= 0.422 sec 0<T<0.55s

For Kolkata soil is medium stiff soil. (input: rocky or hard/medium stiff/soft)

Sa/g = 2.5 (for medium stiff soil)

Seismic zone = III (As per Figure 1 of IS 1893 (Part 1):2016) (input: II/III/IV/V)

Z= 0.16

Importance category = rest

(input: critical and lifetime structures/business continuity structures/rest)

I= 1

R= 3 (As per Table 9 of IS 1893 (Part 1):2016)

 DATE: 5/24/2022

= (0.16/2)*2.5/(3/1) = 0.067

= 0.067*5945.221 = 388.34808 kN

As per Clause 7.7.1 of IS 1893 (Part 1):2016,

Seismic zone = III (Seismic zone is a universal standard)

Building height = 3.0+3.0+4.0
= 10.0 m

Dynamic analysis is required.

Regular building is a building which is rectangular in plan and column spacing in both the directions are more or less regular.

Dynamic analysis (Frame without Considering the Stiffness of Infills):

Approach to be followed is Response Spectrum Approach (As per Clause 7.7.5 of IS 1893 (Part 1):2016)
(input: Time History Approach/Response Spectrum Approach)
Determination of Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors:
Lumped masses:

Roof:
Column height = 3.0/2
= 1.5 m
No. of columns = 16
Cross sectional area of a column = 400*400/1000000
= 0.16 m^2
Unit weight of concrete = 25 kN/m^3
Column weight = 25*0.16*1.5*16
= 96 kN

Shear wall height = 1.5 m

No. of shear walls = 2
Cross sectional area of a shear wall = 200*3000/1000000
= 0.6 m^2
Unit weight of concrete = 25 kN/m^3
Shear wall weight = 25*0.9*1.5*2
= 45 kN

Slab thickness = 0.125 m

Slab surface area = (4.0+4.5+5.0)*(4.0+4.0+4.5)
= 168.75 m^2
Unit weight of concrete = 25 kN/m^3
Slab weight = 25*168.75*0.125
= 527.344 kN

Total beam length = ((4.0+4.5+5.0)+(4.0+4.0+4.5))*4

= 104 m
Cross sectional area of a beam = 250*400/1000000
 DATE: 5/24/2022
= 0.1 m^2
Unit weight of concrete = 25 kN/m^3
Beam weight = 25*0.1*104
= 260 kN

Weight of floor finish and cement plaster = 1.2 kN/m^2

Slab surface area = 168.75 m^2
Total weight of floor finish and cement plaster= 1.2*168.75
= 202.5 kN

External wall thickness = 0.2 m

External wall height = 1.5 m
Total external wall length = ((4.0+4.5+5.0)+(4.0+4.0+4.5))*2
= 52 m
Unit weight of clay = 19.2 kN/m^3
External wall weight = 19.2*0.2*1.5*52
= 299.52 kN

Lumped mass at roof level = 96+67.5+527.344+260+202.5+299.52

= 1430.36375 kN

Second floor:
Column height = (3.0/2)+(3.0/2)
= 3m
No. of columns = 16
Cross sectional area of a column = 0.16 m^2
Unit weight of concrete = 25 kN/m^3
Column weight = 25*0.16*3*16
= 192 kN

Shear wall height = 3m

No. of shear walls = 2
Cross sectional area of a shear wall = 0.6 m^2
Unit weight of concrete = 25 kN/m^3
Shear wall weight = 25*0.9*3*2
= 90 kN

Slab thickness = 0.125 m

Slab surface area = 168.75 m^2
Unit weight of concrete = 25 kN/m^3
Slab weight = 25*168.75*0.125
= 527.344 kN

Total beam length = 104 m

Cross sectional area of a beam = 0.1 m^2
Unit weight of concrete = 25 kN/m^3
Beam weight = 25*0.1*104
= 260 kN

Weight of floor finish and cement plaster = 1.2 kN/m^2

Slab surface area = 168.75 m^2
Total weight of floor finish and cement plaster= 1.2*168.75
= 202.5 kN

External wall thickness = 0.2 m

External wall height = 3m
Total external wall length = 52 m
Unit weight of clay = 19.2 kN/m^3
External wall weight = 19.2*0.2*3*52
= 599.04 kN
 DATE: 5/24/2022

Live load intensity = 3 kN/m^2

Slab surface area = 168.75 m^2
Total live load = 3*168.75*0.5
= 253.125 kN

Lumped mass at 2nd floor level = 192+135+527.344+260+202.5+599.04+253.125

= 2124.009 kN

First floor:
Column height = (3.0/2)+(4.0/2)
= 3.5 m
No. of columns = 16
Cross sectional area of a column = 0.16 m^2
Unit weight of concrete = 25 kN/m^3
Column weight = 25*0.16*3.5*16
= 224 kN

Shear wall height = 3.5 m

No. of shear walls = 2
Cross sectional area of a shear wall = 0.6 m^2
Unit weight of concrete = 25 kN/m^3
Shear wall weight = 25*0.9*3.5*2
= 105 kN

Slab thickness = 0.125 m

Slab surface area = 168.75 m^2
Unit weight of concrete = 25 kN/m^3
Slab weight = 25*168.75*0.125
= 527.344 kN

Total beam length = 104 m

Cross sectional area of a beam = 0.1 m^2
Unit weight of concrete = 25 kN/m^3
Beam weight = 25*0.1*104
= 260 kN

Weight of floor finish and cement plaster = 1.2 kN/m^2

Slab surface area = 168.75 m^2
Total weight of floor finish and cement plaster= 1.2*168.75
= 202.5 kN

External wall thickness = 0.2 m

External wall height = 3.5 m
Total external wall length = 52 m
Unit weight of clay = 19.2 kN/m^3
External wall weight = 19.2*0.2*3.5*52
= 698.88 kN

Live load intensity = 3 kN/m^2

Slab surface area = 168.75 m^2
Total live load = 3*168.75*0.5
= 253.125 kN

Lumped mass at 1st floor level = 224+157.5+527.344+260+202.5+698.88+253.125

= 2270.849 kN

1st floor: 2270.849 kN = 231562.082 kg

2nd floor: 2124.009 kN = 216588.572 kg
3rd floor: 1430.3638 kN = 145856.481 kg

Mass matrice, M of the plane frame lumped mass model are

 DATE: 5/24/2022

231562.08 0 0
M= 0 216588.57 0 kg
0 0 145856.481

E = 5000√fck
= 5000*(30)^0.5
= 27386.128 Mpa
= 27386127.8752583 kN/m^2

I of each column = ((400/1000)*(400/1000)^3)/12

= 0.0021333 m^4

I of each shear wall = ((200/1000)*(3000/1000)^3)/12

= 0.45 m^4

L1 = 4.0 m L2 = 3.0 m L3 = 3.0 m

No. of columns resisting lateral force = 16

No. of shear walls resisting lateral force = 2

Stiffness of storey,

All the stiffnesses of a storey should be added up because all columns and shear walls are connected to each other by rigid slab which
cannot deform in its own plane. As a result all colums and shear walls at a particular level suffers the same displacement. When
number of springs suffer same displacement, then they are springs in parallel and their stiffnesses are simply added up.

First storey: Second storey:

For a column: For a column:

kcol = 12*29580398.92*0.002133/4.0^3 kcol = 12*29580398.92*0.002133/3.0^3

= 10954.451 kN/m = 25966.106 kN/m

For a shear wall: For a shear wall:

ksw = 12*29580398.92*0.45/4.0^3 ksw = 12*29580398.92*0.45/3.0^3

= 2310704.5 kN/m = 5477225.6

k1 = (16*11832.16)+(2*2495846) k2 = (16*28046.6)+(2*5916080)
= 4796680 kN/m = 11369909 kN/m

Third storey:

For a column:

kcol = 12*29580398.92*0.002133/3.0^3
= 25966.11 kN/m

For a shear wall:

ksw = 12*29580398.92*0.45/3.0^3
= 5477226 kN/m

k3 = (16*28046.60)+(2*5916080)
= 11369909 kN/m

k1 + k2 -k2 0
K= -k2 k2 + k3 -k3
0 -k3 k3
 DATE: 5/24/2022

16166589 -11369909 0
= -11369909 22739818 -11369909 kN/m
0 -11369909 11369909

For the above stiffness and mass matrices, eigenvalues and eigenvectors are worked out as follows:

16166589 -ω2 * 2269.3084 -11369909 0

│K-ω2m│ = -11369909 22739818 -ω2 * 2122.568 -11369909 =0
0 -11369909 11369909 -ω *
2
1429.393513

-6.885 (ω2)^3 + 1.776E+05 (ω2)^2 + -1.024E+09 ω2 + 6.201E+11 =0

Solving the above cubic equation in a calculator, natural frequencies (eigenvalues) of various modes are:
ω12 = 684.51037 ω22 = 7452.60871 ω32 = 17654.785
1st mode frequency = (684.5104^0.5)/(2*PI()) 2nd mode frequency = (7452.6087^0.5)/(2*PI())
= 4.164 Hz = 13.740 Hz
Eigenvalues:

684.51037
[ω ] =
2 7452.6087
17654.7854

The quantity of ωi2, is called the ith eigenvalue of the matrix [-Mωi 2 + K]φi. Each natural frequency (ωi) of the system has a
corresponding eigen vector (mode shape), which isdenoted by φi. The mode shape corresponding to each natural frequency is
determined from the equations:

[-Mω12 + K]φ1 = 0
[-Mω22 + K]φ2 = 0
[-Mω32 + K]φ3 = 0

Solving the above equation, modal vector (eigenvectors), mode shapes and natural periods under different modes are found out.

2269.3084 0 0
[-Mω1 + K] =
2
- 0 2122.568003 0 * 684.5104 +
0 0 1429.3935 16166589 -11369909 0
-11369909 22739818 -11369909
0 -11369909 11369909

14613224 -11369909 0
= -11369909 21286898 -11369908.85
0 -11369909 10391474.17

14613224 -11369909 0 φ11 0

-11369909 21286898 -11369909 φ21 = 0
0 -11369909 10391474 φ31 0

Let φ11 = 1

14613224 + -11369909 * φ21 = 0

φ21 = 1.285

-11369909 * φ21 + 10391474 * φ31 = 0

-14613224 + 10391474 * φ31 = 0
φ31 = 1.406

φ11 1.000
φ1 = φ21 = 1.285
φ31 1.406
 DATE: 5/24/2022

22.25431775 0 0 1.000
φ1 Mφ1 =
T 1 1.285 1.406 0 20.815286 0 1.285
0 0 14.017565 1.406

1.000
= 22.254318 26.752935 19.7124884 1.285
1.406

= (22.25432*1.000)+(26.96389*1.295)+(19.730119*1.408)
= 84.359734

1 1.000
φ1 = 84.359734 1.285
1.406

1.000
= 0.1088761 1.285
1.406

0.1088761
= 0.1399334
0.1531092

2269.3084 0 0
[-Mω22 + K] = - 0 2122.568003 0 * 7452.609 +
0 0 1429.3935 16166589 -11369909 0
-11369909 22739818 -11369909
0 -11369909 11369909

-745678.38 -11369909 0
= -11369909 6921148.93 -11369908.85
0 -11369909 717198.3147

-745678.38 -11369909 0 φ12 0

-11369909 6921148.9 -11369909 φ22 = 0
0 -11369909 717198.31 φ32 0

Let φ12 = 1

-745678.38 + -11369909 * φ22 = 0

φ22 = -0.066

-11369909 * φ22 + 717198.31 * φ32 = 0

745678.38 + 717198.31 * φ32 = 0
φ32 = -1.040

φ12 1.000
φ2 = φ22 = -0.066
φ32 -1.040

22.25431775 0 0 1.000
φ2TMφ2 = 1 -0.066 -1.040 0 20.815286 0 -0.066
0 0 14.017565 -1.040

1.000
= 22.254318 -1.3651392 -14.574205 -0.066
-1.040
 DATE: 5/24/2022

= (22.25432*1.000)+(0.931609*0.045)+(4.7320372*0.338)
= 37.496797

1 1.000
φ2 = 37.496797 -0.066
-1.040

1.000
= 0.1633063 -0.066
-1.040

0.1633063
= -0.0107102
-0.1697912

2269.3084 0 0
[-Mω3 + K] =
2
- 0 2122.568003 0 * 17654.79 +
0 0 1429.3935 16166589 -11369909 0
-11369909 22739818 -11369909
0 -11369909 11369909

-23897564 -11369909 0
= -11369909 -14733665 -11369908.85
0 -11369909 -13865726.79

-23897564 -11369909 0 φ13 0

-11369909 -14733665 -11369909 φ23 = 0
0 -11369909 -13865727 φ33 0

Let φ13 = 1

-23897564 + -11369909 * φ23 = 0

φ23 = -2.102

-11369909 * φ23 + -13865727 * φ33 = 0

23897564 + -13865727 * φ33 = 0
φ33 = 1.723

φ13 1.000
φ3 = φ23 = -2.102
φ33 1.723

22.25431775 0 0 1.000
φ3 Mφ3 =
T 1 -2.102 1.723 0 20.815286 0 -2.102
0 0 14.017565 1.723

1.000
= 22.254318 -43.750097 24.1592561 -2.102
1.723

= (22.25432*1.000)+(-38.30924*-1.840)+(24.456578*1.745)
= 155.84783

1 1.000
φ3 = 155.84783 -2.102
1.723
 DATE: 5/24/2022

1.000
= 0.0801032 -2.102
1.723

0.0801032
= -0.1683628
0.1380577

Eigenvectors {φ}:

0.10888 0.16331 0.08010 φ11 φ12 φ13

{φ} = {φ1 φ2 φ3} = 0.13993 -0.01071 -0.16836 = φ21 φ22 φ23
0.15311 -0.16979 0.13806 φ31 φ32 φ33

Mode Shapes:

M
OD
E1 M
OD
E2 M
OD
E3

1
2

1
697
9 0
.1
380
6
.1
53
11
1
0

8
1
683
6 -0
.0
107
1 0
.1
399
3

0
.0
801
00.1
088
8 0
.1
633
1
4

0
0
-0
.1
1 -
0.0
1 0
.0
9 0
.19

Natural time period (2π/ωi):

0.2402 0 0
T= 0 0.0728 0 sec
0 0 0.0473

Determination of Modal Participation Factors:

The modal participation factor (pk ) of mode k is,

W1 0 0 2270.8488 0 0
W= 0 W2 0 = 0 2124.0088 0 kN
0 0 W3 0 0 1430.364
 DATE: 5/24/2022

= ((2270.849*0.10849)+(2124.009*0.14054)+(1430.364*0.152
71))/
((2270.849*0.10849^2)+(2124.009*0.14054^2)+(1430.364*
0.15271^2))
= 7.4819347

= ((2270.849*0.20458)+(2124.009*0.00916)+(1430.364*0.069
06))/
((2270.849*0.20458^2)+(2124.009*0.00916^2)+(1430.364*
0.06906^2))
= 1.031275

= ((2270.849*0.08593)+(2124.009*-
0.15815)+(1430.364*0.14992))/
((2270.849*0.08593^2)+(2124.009*-
0.15815^2)+(1430.364*0.14992^2))
= 0.2133529

Determination of Modal Mass:

The modal mass (Mk) of mode k is given by,

where,
g = Acceleration due to gravity,
φik = Mode shape coefficient at floor i in mode k, and
Wi = Seismic weight of floor i

= (((2270.849*0.10849)+(2124.009*0.14054)+(1430.364*0.15271))^2)/
((2270.849*0.10849^2)+(2124.009*0.14054^2)+(1430.364*0.15271^2))/9.81
= 582.281172

= (((2270.849*0.20458)+(2124.009*0.00916)+(1430.364*0.06906))^2)/
((2270.849*0.20458^2)+(2124.009*0.00916^2)+(1430.364*0.06906^2))/9.81
= 11.06

=
(((2270.849*0.08593)+(2124.009*-0.15815)+(1430.364*0.14992))^2)/
((2270.849*0.08593^2)+(2124.009*-0.15815^2)+(1430.364*0.14992^2))/9.81
= 0.47

Modal contributions of various modes:

For mode 1, M1/M = 582.06283/(5825.221/9.81) = 0.981 = 98.059 %

For mode 2, M2/M = 339.31/(5825.221/9.81) = 0.019 = 1.863 %
For mode 3, M3/M = 5.42/(5825.221/9.81) = 0.001 = 0.080 %

Determination of Lateral Force at Each Floor in Each Mode:

The design lateral force (Qik) at floor i in mode k is given by,

Qik = Ak*φik*Pk*Wi
where, Ak = Design horizontal acceleration spectrum value as per clause 6.4.2 of IS 1893 (Part 1): 2002 using the natural period of
vibration (Tk) of mode k.
Wi = Seismic weight of floor I ; Pk = modal participation factor of mode k
 DATE: 5/24/2022

The design horizontal seismic coefficient Ah for various modes are,

The average response acceleration coefficient for medium stiff soil sites as per IS 1893 (Part 1): 2002 is calculated as follows:

T1 = 0.240 sec 0<T<0.55s

Sa1/g = 2.500

T2 = 0.073 sec 0<T<0.55s

Sa2/g = 2.500

T3 = 0.047 sec 0<T<0.55s

Sa3/g = 2.5

= (0.16/2)*(1/3)*2.500
= 0.0667

= (0.16/2)*(1/3)*2.500
= 0.0667

= (0.16/2)*(1/3)*2.5
= 0.0667

Design lateral force in each mode:

Qi1 = (A1 * P1 * φi1 * Wi)

Q11 0.0667*7.480532*0.10849*2270.849 123.3227682

[Qi1] = = Q21 = 0.0667*7.480532*0.14054*2124.0 = 148.2519505 kN
Q31 0.0667*7.480532*0.15271*1430.364 109.2371675

Q12 0.0667*5.711423*0.20458*2270.849 25.49613406

[Qi2] = = Q22 = 0.0667*5.711423*0.00916*2124.0 = -1.564 kN
Q32 0.0667*5.711423*0.06906*1430.364 -16.6972486

Q13 0.0667*0.721952*0.08593*2270.849 2.587

[Qi3] = = Q23 = 0.0667*0.721952*-0.15815*2124.0 = -5.086 kN
Q33 0.0667*0.721952*0.14992*1430.364 2.809

Determination of Storey Shear Forces in Each Mode:

The peak shear force is given by,

The storey shear forces for the first mode is,

 DATE: 5/24/2022

122.867829+148.869733+108.931529 380.8118862
= 148.869733+108.931529 = 257.489118 kN
108.931529 109.2371675

176.889412+7.405+37.6128031 7.235
= 7.405+37.6128031 = -18.261 kN
37.6128031 -16.6972486

9.392+-16.167+10.321 0.310
= -16.167+10.321 = -2.278 kN
10.321 2.809

Determination of Storey Shear Force due to All Modes:

The peak storey shear force (Vi) in storey i due to all modes considered is obtained by combining those due to each mode in
accordance with modal combination i.e. SRSS (Square Root of Sum of Squares) or CQC (Complete Quadratic Combination) methods.

Square root of sum of squares (SRSS):

where, λk = Absolute value of quantity in mode ‘k’, and r is the numbers of modes being considered.

Using the above method, the storey shears are,

V1 = [(V11)2 + (V12)2 + (V13)2]½ = ((380.669091^2)+(221.907^2)+(3.546^2))^0.5 = 380.881 kN

V2 = [(V21)2 + (V22)2 + (V23)2]½ = ((257.801262^2)+(45.018^2)+(-5.846^2))^0.5 = 258.146 kN

V3 = [(V31)2 + (V32)2 + (V33)2]½ = ((108.931529^2)+(37.6128031^2)+(10.321^2))^0. = 110.542 kN

Determination of Lateral Forces at Each Storey:

The design lateral forces Froof and Fi , at roof and at ith floor, are calculated as,
Froof = Vroof, and Fi = Vi – Vi+1

Square root of sum of squares (SRSS):

Ffloor 1 = F1 = V1 – V2 = 440.641-261.768 = 122.735 kN

Ffloor 2 = F2 = V2 – V3 = 261.768-115.704 = 147.604 kN

Froof = F3 = V3 = 110.542 kN

Base shear from dynamic analysis = F1 + F2 + F3 = 178.873+146.064+115.704 = 380.881 kN

As per Clause 7.7.3 of IS 1893 (Part 1):2016,

 DATE: 5/24/2022

VB = 388.34808 kN

VB = 380.881 kN

Hence, VB<VB

So, corrected storey shears are:

Ffloor 1 = F1 = IF(440.641<388.3481,178.873*388.3481/440.641,17 = 125.141 kN

Ffloor 2 = F2 = IF(440.641<388.3481,146.064*388.3481/440.641,14 = 150.4982 kN

Froof = F3 = IF(440.641<388.3481,115.704*388.3481/440.641,11 = 112.7088 kN

As per Clause 1.1.1 of IS 13920:2016,

Seismic zone = III

Ductile detailing is required.

Forces on Shear Wall:

When a frame deflects, the horizontal sway should be equal in different floors for deformation compatibility.

Ffloor 1 = F1 = F1F + F1S where F1F = storey shear taken by frame and F1S = storey shear taken by shear wall.
= kF1 + (1-k)F1

By equating the deflection at every floor, we can solve for k.

Alternatively we can find out shear distribution between frame and shear wall as below:

Moment of inertia of a column about x axis = (400*400^3/12)/1000000000000

= 0.002133 m^4

Total moment of inertia of all columns about x axis = 16*0.002133

= 0.034133 m^4

Moment of inertia of a shear wall about x axis = (200*3000^3/12)/1000000000000

= 0.45 m^4

Total moment of inertia of all shear walls about x axis = 2*0.675

= 0.9
Shear should be divided in the ratio of total moment of inertia of columns and shear walls about x axis.
 DATE: 5/24/2022

Ratio for frame = 0.034133/(0.034133+1.35) Ratio for shear walls = 1.35/(0.034133+1.35)

= 0.0365401 = 0.96346

STOREY i Fi (kN) FiF (kN) FiS (kN)

Roof 3 112.70882 4.118 108.590
Floor 2 2 150.49815 5.499 144.999
Floor 1 1 125.141 4.573 120.568
Base 0 388.34808 14.190 374.158

Since all shear walls have same dimensions, the shear forces on the group of shear walls will be equally divided among each shear wall.

Number of shear walls in x direction = 2

STOREY SHEAR FORCE ON THE GROUP OF SHEAR WALLS (kN) SHEAR FORCE ON EACH SHEAR WALL (kN)
Roof 108.590 54.295
Floor 2 144.999 72.499
Floor 1 120.568 60.284
Base 374.158 187.079

54.295
kN 3
m
72.499
kN 3
m
60.284
kN 4 3m
m
187.079
kN
SHEAR FORCES ON A SHEAR WALL

Influence area of shear wall:

4.0 4.5 5.0

m m m
L
Y 4.0 COLUMNS
m
B
X 4.0 F (SEISMIC FORCE)
m
SHEAR WALLS
4.5
m

L = influence length = ((4.5/2)/2)+((4.5/2))/2

= 2.25 m

B = influence width = (4.0/2)+(4.0/2)

= 4m

Influence area = 2.25*4

= 9 m^2

2.5 % of vertical load = lateral load

Slab pressure = 3.125 kN/m^2

Floor finish + cement plaster = 1.2 kN/m^2
 DATE: 5/24/2022

Live load = 3 kN/m^2

Selfweight of shear wall = (200/1000)*(3000/1000)*(3.0+3.0+4.0)*25
= 150 kN
Number of floors = 3

Maximum axial force in shear wall = (3.125*3*9)+(1.2*3*9)+(3*(3-1)*9)+225

= 320.775 kN (Pu)

Maximum moment in shear wall = (55.738*(3+3+4))+(70.363*(3+4))+(86.169*4)

= 1291.5853 kN-m (Mu)

Maximum shear force in shear wall = 187.079 kN (Vu)

Shear Wall Design Criteria:

As per Clause 11.2 of SP:34-1987,

When greater plan dimension is greater than 4 times the smaller plan dimension, it is known as wall.

Greater plan dimension = 3000 mm

Smaller plan dimension = 200 mm

Ratio = 3000/300
= 15 > 4
Design as shear wall.

As per Clause 10.1.2 of IS 13920:2016,

Minimum thickness of shear wall = 150 mm

Minimum thickness of coupled shear wall = 300 mm

Assumed thickness of shear wall = 200 mm > 150 mm, OK.

As per Table 1 of IS 13920:2016,

 DATE: 5/24/2022

Minimum percentage of reinforcement in shear wall curtain

= 0.25 %
Practically, min. percentage of reinforcement in shear wall curtain
= 0.4 %

As per Clause 10.1.7 of IS 13920:2016,

0.25√fck = 0.25*30^0.5
= 1.369 Mpa
Shear Stress = 193.287/((3+3+4)*(200/1000))
= 93.539 kN/m^2
= 0.0935 Mpa < 1.369 Mpa

Wall thickness = 200 mm ≥ 200 mm

The reinforcement is provided in two curtains.

As per Clause 10.1.8 of IS 13920:2016,

1/10 th of shear wall thickness = 300/10

= 20 mm

As per Clause 10.1.9 of IS 13920:2016,

1/5 th of shear wall length = 5.5*1000/5

= 600 mm

3 times shear wall thickness = 3*0.3*1000

= 600 mm

Maximum spacing = MIN(600,900,450)

= 450 mm
 DATE: 5/24/2022

Design for Shear Force:

As per Clause 10.2.1 of IS 13920:2016,

Vu = 187.079 kN
tw = 0.2 m
Lw = horizontal length of shear wall = 3m
dw = 0.8Lw = 0.8*5.5
= 2.4 m

τv = 193.287/(0.3*2.4)
= 389.74771 kN/m^2
= 0.390 Mpa

As per Table 19 of IS 456:2000,

Assume horizontal and vertical reinforcement (As) = 0.25 %

Concrete grade = M 30
τc = 0.37 N/mm^2
 DATE: 5/24/2022

As per Table 20 of IS 456:2000,

τc max = 3.5 N/mm^2

τv = 0.390 N/mm^2 < τc max, OK.
τc = 0.37 N/mm^2 < τv

As per Clause 40.3 of IS 456:2000,

As per Clause 26.5.1.6 of IS 456:2000, As per Clause 10.2.3 of IS 13920:2016,

Asv min = 0.4*200*-1435.508/(0.87*500)

= 2036.3062 mm^2

Shear force required for horizontal shear reinforcement:

Vus = Vu - τc * tw * dw
= (193.287*1000)-(0.37*200*(2.4*1000))
= 9478.9011 N
= 9.479 kN

Spacing required for 2 legged 8 φ tor bar:

Asv = 2*(PI()/4)*8^2
= 100.53096 mm2
Sv = 0.87*500*100.531*(2.4*1000)/-73113.02
= 11072.415 mm
 DATE: 5/24/2022

This requires the ratio Asv/Sv = 100.531/-1435.508

= 0.00908

Ratio required for minimum horizontal reinforcement = Asv min/Sv = -396.0022/-1435.508

= 0.184

Corrected Sv = 100.531/0.276
= 546.637 mm

Maximum spacing = 450 mm

Required Sv = MIN(364.425,450) Required Asv/Sv = 100.531/364.425

= 450.000 mm = 0.223
Provided Sv = 450.000 mm

Hence, provide 8 mm diameter bar at 450.000 c/c in 2 curtains as horizontal reinforcement.

The vertical reinforcement that is uniformly distributed in the wall shall not be less than the horizontal reinforcement as per IS
13920:2016.

Hence, provide 8 mm diameter bar at 450.000 c/c in 2 curtains as vertical reinforcement also.

Design for Axial Force and Bending Moment:

As per Clause 10.3.1 of IS 13920:2016,

As per Clause A-1 of IS 13920:2016,

 DATE: 5/24/2022

fy = 500 N/mm^2
Es = 200000 N/mm^2

β= (0.002+(0.87*500/200000))/0.0035
= 1.193

ρ = (Asv/Sv ) / tw

Asv/Sv = 0.223
tw = 200 mm

ρ= 0.276/300
= 0.00112

Pu = 320.775 kN
= 320775 N
Lw = 3000 mm
fck = 30 N/mm^2

λ= 320775/(35*200*3000)
= 0.0178

ϕ= 0.87*500*0.00112/35
= 0.0162

xu*/Lw = 0.0035/(0.0035+(0.002+(0.87*500/200000)))
= 0.4560261

xu/Lw = (0.0139+0.0153)/((2*0.0139)+0.36)
= 0.0866923

(xu / Lw) < (xu* / Lw)

= 0.0139*(((1+(0.0153/0.0139))*(0.5-(0.416*0.456026)))-((0.456026^2)*(0.168+((1.193^2)/3))))

= 0.008392

Muv = 0.007193*35*200*3000^2
= 453165636 N-mm
= 453.16564 kN-m

The remaining moment i.e. Mu – Muv = 1394.597-453.1656

= 838.420 kN-m shall be resisted by reinforcement in boundary elements.

Design of Boundary Element:

Pu

Vu Mu
 DATE: 5/24/2022

Axial stress: Pu/Lt Pu/Lt

Bending stress: 6Mu/L^2t

MuY/I = Mu*(L/2)/((tL^3)/12) = 6Mu/L^2t

t = thickness of shear wall = 0.2 m

L = length of shear wall = 3m

Axial stress = 395.775/(0.3*3)

= 534.625 kN/m^2

Bending stress = 6*1394.597/((3^2)*0.2)

= 4305.2843 kN/m^2

Resultant stress on left = 534.625-4648.657

= -3770.6593 kN/m^2

Resultant stress on right = 534.625+4648.657

= 4839.909 kN/m^2

Positive sign indicates compression and negative sign indicates tension.

As per Clause 10.4.1 of IS 13920:2016,

0.2fck = 0.2*30
= 6 MPa
= 6000 kN/m^2
0.15fck = 0.15*30
= 4.5 MPa
= 4500 kN/m^2

Extreme fibre compressive stress = 4839.909 kN/m^2 < 0.2fck

Boundary elements are not required.

If boundary elements are provided, it should be continued upto where extreme fibre compressive stress becomes < 4500
kN/m^2
 DATE: 5/24/2022

a a

(L-a)

Boundary element

As a regular conservative practise, a is provided as L/5.

L= 3m
a= 5.5/5
= 0.6 m

As per Clause 10.4.2 of IS 13920:2016,

Boundary element should be designed as short column.

As per Clause 10.4.3 of IS 13920:2016,

Min. percentage of vertical reinforcement= 0.8 % (in boundary element)

Max. percentage of vertical reinforcement= 4 % (in boundary element)

Axial force in boundary element = Pu * a Mu

+
L L-a
= (320.775*0.6/3)+(1394.597/(3-0.6))
= 602.316 kN (Pu)

The adjacent columns of shear wall act as a boundary element.

Size of boundary element = 600 mm X 200 mm (width of boundary element is assumed same as
thickness of shear wall curtain.)
Assume longitudinal reinforcement 0.8 % of gross area.

Ag = 600*300
= 120000 mm^2

As = (0.8/100)*180000
= 960 mm^2

Axial load capacity of boundary element column acting as short column:

= (0.4*35*120000)+(((0.67*500)-(0.4*35))*960)
= 1750080 N
= 1750.08 kN > Pu = 602.316 kN
 DATE: 5/24/2022

Bar diameter provided= 20 mm

Number of bars required = ROUNDUP(1440/((PI()/4)*20^2),0)

= 4
Number of bars provided = 4

Provide 4 bars of 20 mm diameter equally distributed on the four sides of section.

As per Clause 10.4.5 of IS 13920:2016,

Detailing of Reinforcements:

Details of longitudinal and

transverse reinforcement in Details of longitudinal and transverse
columns as special confining reinforcement in columns as special
reinforcement requirements of IS confining reinforcement
13920: 2016 200 requirements of IS 13920: 2016
600 1800 600

200 200

4 longitudinal bars of 8 mm diameter bar at 4 longitudinal bars of

20 mm diameter 450 c/c 20 mm diameter
(equally distributed on in 2 curtains as
the four sides of horizontal and (equally distributed on
section) vertical the four sides of section)
reinforcement
Reinforcement details in reinforced concrete shear wall
NOTE:
a) All dimensions are in mm.
b) Diagram is not to scale.
c) Diagram is a general representative diagram and has no physical significance. Only values in the diagram have their correct
significance.

Calculation of Gust Wind:

As per Clause 9.1 of IS 875 (Part 3) : 2015,

 DATE: 5/24/2022

Height = 4.0+3.0+3.0
= 10.0 m

Minimum lateral dimension = MIN(4.0+4.5+5.0,4.0+4.0+4.5)

= 12.5

Height to minimum lateral dimension ratio = 10.0/12.5

= 0.8 < 5, dynamic wind analysis is not required.

As per Clause 9.1 of IS 875 (Part 3) : 2015 - Note 1,

Since our building contains shear wall, we will use formula b.

H= 10 m
d= 13.5 m

T= 0.09*10/13.5^0.5
= 0.245 sec

Fundamental frequency = 1/0.245

= 4.082 Hz

Natural frequency in first mode = 4.082 >1, dynamic wind analysis is not required.

But here for the sake of solving dynamic wind analysis, we will consider that.
 DATE: 5/24/2022

13.5 m

12.5 m

Height of the building = 10.0 m above GL

Design wind pressure

As per Clause 6.3 of IS 875 Part 3 : 2015,

Basic wind speed (VB) = 50 m/s (As per Annex A of IS 875 Part 3 : 2015, for Kolkata)
 DATE: 5/24/2022

As per Table 1 of IS 875 Part 3 : 2015,

Probability factor (k1) = 1

As per Clause 6.3.3.1 of IS 875 Part 3 : 2015,

Topography Factor (k3) = 1

As per Clause 6.3.4 of IS 875 Part 3 : 2015,

Importance factor for cyclonic region (K4) = 1

 DATE: 5/24/2022

As per Clause 6.3.2 of IS 875 Part 3 : 2015,

As per Table 2 of IS 875 Part 3 : 2015,

Height = 10 m
Terrain category = 2
Terrain and height multiplier(K2)= 1

Wind pressure (Pz) N/m2:

Vz = K1*K2*K3*K4*Vb
= 50*1*1*1*1
= 50 m/s

As per Clause 7.2 of IS 875 Part 3 : 2015,

 DATE: 5/24/2022

Pz = 0.6*Vz^2
= 0.6*(50)^2
= 1500.0 N/m2 = 1.5 kN/m2

0.7*Pz = 0.7*1500.0/1000
= 1.050 kN/m2

As per Clause 7.2.1 of IS 875 Part 3 : 2015, As per Clause 7.2.2.1 of IS 875 Part 3 : 2015,

Wind directionality factor (Kd) = 0.9

Centre to centre distance between frames = 3m

Individual panel dimension in the other direction = 4m

Tributary area = 3*4*1*1*1*1

= 12 m2

As per Table 4 of IS 875 Part 3 : 2015, As per Clause 7.3.3.13 of IS 875 Part 3 : 2015,

Area averaging factor (Ka) = 0.9 Combination factor (Kc) = 0.9

 DATE: 5/24/2022

P = Pz*Ka*Kd*Kc
= 1500.0*0.9*0.9*0.9/1000
= 1.094 kN/m2

Pd = max of 0.7Pz and P

= MAX(1.050,1.094)
= 1.094 kN/m2

Calculation of Cpe - Cpi:

Height of building (h) = 10 m

Minimum width of building (w) = 12.5 m

h/w = 10/12.5 = 0.8

Length of building (l) = 13.5 m

L/B = 13.5/12.5 = 1.08

As per Table 5 of IS 875 Part 3 : 2015,

 DATE: 5/24/2022

Wind angle for X direction (θ) = 0°

Wind angle for Z direction (θ) = 90 °

As per Clause 7.3.2.1 of IS 875 Part 3 : 2015,

Cpi = Internal pressure coefficient = 0.2 & -0.2

Cpe = External pressure coefficients: X DIRECTION Cpe = External pressure coefficients: Z DIRECTION
θ= 0 ° θ= 90 °
Cpi = 0.2 Cpi = 0.2
-0.6 0.7
0.7 -0.25 -0.6 . -0.6
-0.6 -0.25

Cpe - Cpi: Cpe - Cpi:

\
-0.8 0.5
0.5 0.05 -0.8 0.4
-0.8 -0.5

Cpe = External pressure coefficients: X DIRECTION Cpe = External pressure coefficients: Z DIRECTION
θ= 0 ° θ= 90 °
Cpi = -0.2 Cpi = -0.2
-0.6 0.7
0.7 -0.25 -0.6 -0.6
-0.6 -0.25

Cpe - Cpi: Cpe - Cpi:

-0.4 0.9
0.9 0.45 -0.4 0.8
-0.4 -0.1

Max Cpe = MAX(ABS(-0.6--0.6),ABS(0.7--0.25),ABS(0.7--0.25),ABS(-0.6--0.6))

= 0.95
 DATE: 5/24/2022

Max Cpe-Cpi = 0.95--0.2

= 1.15

Calculation of Cf:

As per Figure 4 of IS 875 Part 3 : 2015,

 DATE: 5/24/2022

CASE 1:
a
a/b = 13.5/12.5
Wind b = 1.08

h/b = 10/12.5
Plan = 0.8 < 1, follow graph b.

Cf = 1.1 (from figure 4)

CASE 2:
Wind
a
a/b = 12.5/13.5
b = 0.926

h/b = 10/13.5
Plan = 0.741 < 1, follow graph b.

Cf = 1.18 (from figure 4)

Hence, greater of (Cpe - Cpi) & Cf = MAX(1.15,1.1,1.18)

= 1.18

We assume that the structure is flexible. If frequency is more structure is stiffer. If time period is more structure is more flexible. So, if
we carry our analysis in software along with manual calculation, we will consider the lower frequency and higher time period in our
analysis.

Dynamic Wind Load Calculation

Along Wind Response:

We will perform along wind analysis in X direction and across wind analysis in Z direction.

Across wind will not have any effect on the shear wall. Shear wall takes lateral force in the direction of its plane and does not take the
force in the direction perpendicular to its plane.

Across wind is required for column analysis. In case of dynamic analysis of wind load, we will take both along wind (along X) and cross
wind (along Z), unlike static analysis, which will create biaxial moment in column.

Biaxial moment is not resisted by shear walls. Shear wall only resist forces along the direction of its plane. Along wind will only be
resisted by shear walls.

Now while analysing for along wind in Z direction, the wind in X direction will be resisted by the shear wall in X direction. So will will
design shear wall for maximum value obtained from across wind analysis and along wind analysis but in the same direction (X
direction).

As per Clause 10.2 of IS 875 Part 3 : 2015,

 DATE: 5/24/2022

As per Figure 9 of IS 875 Part 3 : 2015,

h = total height of structure

= 10 m

z = s = the height at which response is

required
= 10 m

b0h = average width from 0 to h

= 12.5 m

bsh = average width from s to h

= 12.5 m

Cf,z is a function of height (z) which varies after 10 m height of the building.

fa = minimum of the frequencies obtained from Clause 9.1 and by solving matrix method.
= MIN(4.082,4.164)
= 4.082 Hz
 DATE: 5/24/2022

As per Clause 6.3.2.1 of IS 875 Part 3 : 2015,

z0,1 = 0.002 m
z0,2 = 0.020 m
z0,3 = 0.200 m
z0,4 = 2.000 m

As per Clause 6.5 of IS 875 Part 3 : 2015, As per Table 36 of IS 875 Part 3 : 2015,

β= 0.02
As per Clause 6.4 of IS 875 Part 3 : 2015,
 DATE: 5/24/2022

Terrain category = 2 =i

Iz,1 = 0.3507-(0.0535*LOG(10/0.002,10))
= 0.153

Iz,4 = 0.466-(0.1358*LOG(10/2.000,10))
= 0.371

Iz,2 = 0.153+((1/7)*(0.371-0.153))
= 0.184

r = 2Iz,i = 2*0.184
= 0.368

gv = 3 for terrain category 2

Hs = 1+(10/10)^2
= 2

gr = (2*LOG(3600*4.082,EXP(1)))^0.5
= 4.381

Lh = 85*(10/10)^0.25
= 85 m for terrain category 2

Bs = 1/(1+((((0.26*(10-10)^2)+(0.46*12.5^2))^0.5)/85))
= 0.909

z0,I = 0.02 for terrain category 2

K̅z,I = 0.1423*(LOG(10/0.02,EXP(1)))*0.02^0.0706
= 0.671

V̅z,II = 0.671*50
= 33.546 m/s

V̅z,d = 33.546*1*1*1
= 33.546 m/s

S= 1/((1+(3.5*4.082*10/33.546))*(1+(4*4.082*12.5/33.546)))
= 0.027

N= 4.082*85/33.546
= 10.344

E= PI()*10.344/((1+(70.8*10.344^2))^(5/6))
= 0.019

φ= 3*0.184*(0.909^0.5)/2
= 0.263

G= 1+(0.368*((((3^2)*0.909*((1+0.263)^2))+(2*(4.381^2)*0.027*0.019/0.02))^0.5))
= 2.379

, Az = influence area

Cf,z = 1.18

p̅d = 0.6*33.546^2
= 675.202 N/m^2
= 0.675 kN/m^2
 DATE: 5/24/2022

1 2 3 4

3.0 m
5 6 7 8

3.0 m
9 10 11 12

4.0 m

4.0 4.0 4.5

m m m

Node No. Az (m^2) Calculation

1 3.000 (4.0/2)*(3.0/2)
2 6.000 ((4.0/2)+(4.0/2))*(3.0/2)
3 6.375 ((4.0/2)+(4.5/2))*(3.0/2)
4 3.375 (4.5/2)*(3.0/2)
5 6.000 (4.0/2)*((3.0/2)+(3.0/2))
6 12.000 ((4.0/2)+(4.0/2))*((3.0/2)+(3.0/2))
7 12.750 ((4.0/2)+(4.5/2))*((3.0/2)+(3.0/2))
8 6.750 (4.5/2)*((3.0/2)+(3.0/2))
9 7.000 (4.0/2)*((3.0/2)+(4.0/2))
10 14.000 ((4.0/2)+(4.0/2))*((3.0/2)+(4.0/2))
11 14.875 ((4.0/2)+(4.5/2))*((3.0/2)+(4.0/2))
12 7.875 (4.5/2)*((3.0/2)+(4.0/2))

Fz @ 1 = 1.18*3.000*0.675*2.379 Fz @ 2 = 1.18*6.000*0.675*2.379
= 5.685 kN = 11.371 kN

Fz @ 3 = 1.18*6.375*0.675*2.379 Fz @ 4 = 1.18*3.375*0.675*2.379
= 12.082 kN = 6.396 kN

Fz @ 5 = 1.18*6.000*0.675*2.379 Fz @ 6 = 1.18*12.000*0.675*2.379
= 11.371 kN = 22.742 kN

Fz @ 7 = 1.18*12.750*0.675*2.379 Fz @ 8 = 1.18*6.750*0.675*2.379
= 24.163 kN = 12.792 kN

Fz @ 9 = 1.18*7.000*0.675*2.379 Fz @ 10 = 1.18*14.000*0.675*2.379
= 13.266 kN = 26.532 kN

Fz @ 11 = 1.18*14.875*0.675*2.379 Fz @ 12 = 1.18*7.875*0.675*2.379
= 28.191 kN = 14.924 kN

Across Wind Response:

Along wind is from X-direction, so, across wind is along Z-direction. This is required to design columns under biaxial moment. Shear
walls which are designed for along wind will automatically be able to take across wind for along wind in the direction perpendicular to
the plane of shear wall.
As per Clause 10.3 of IS 875 Part 3 : 2015,
 DATE: 5/24/2022

p̅h = p̅d = 0.675 kN/m^2

The first 2 modes must always be bending modes and should never be
torsion modes. In many cases the 3rd mode is the torsion mode.
We will use the lowest frequency in the direction of our wind analysis.

There should be at least 65% mass participation within the first 3 modes.

b= 13.5 m
d= 12.5 m
h= 10 m

Time period, T = 0.09*10/12.5^0.5

= 0.255 sec

fc = frequency of second mode = 1/0.255

As per Clause 9.1 of IS 875 Part 3 : 2015, = 3.928 Hz

As per Clause 10.3.1 of IS 875 Part 3 : 2015,

k= 0.5

As per Figure 11 of IS 875 Part 3 : 2015,

13.5
V̅h,d=V̅ z,d = 33.546 m/s m
12.5 m

= 33.546/(3.928*13.5)
Cross
= 0.633 wind
direction
In figure 11, h has no importance. Intrapolation or
extrapolation should be done based on b:d ratio to find
Cfs.
b:d = 13.5/12.5
= 1.08

For b:d = 0.5

Cfs = 0.00075

For b:d = 2.0

Cfs = 0.0005
 DATE: 5/24/2022

For b:d = 1.08

Cfs = 0.00075-(((0.00075-0.0005)/(2.0-0.5))*(2.0-1.08))
= 0.0005967

gh = (2*LOG(3600*3.928,EXP(1)))^0.5
= 4.372

β= 0.02 (As per Table 36 of IS 875 Part 3 : 2015)

k= 0.5 (As per Clause 10.3.1 of IS 875 Part 3 : 2015)

Mc = 0.5*4.372*0.675*13.5*(10^2)*(1.06-(0.06*0.5))*(PI()*0.000597/0.02)^0.5
= 628.31098 kN-m

As per Clause 10.3 of IS 875 Part 3 : 2015,

Fz,c = (3*628.311/10^2)*(10/10)
= 18.849 kN/m

Cross wind pressure = Fz,c / b

= 18.849/13.5
= 1.396 kN/m^2