Computer Programming

Monday, August 22, 2021

4:00 - 5:00 PM

application programmer, system programmer, system engineer, software architect, database developer, games designer, e-commerce developer

Software Developer
- Create, maintain, and modify computer and software programs such as operating systems, communications software, utility programs
and compilers.
 
Multimedia Developer
- Use a range of creative software to create and manipulate graphic images, animations, sound, text, and video into programs with
instructional and graphic strategies. These programs are used to produce CD-ROMs, information kiosks, multimedia presentations,
websites, and entertainment/ education products.

Web Developer
- Create software solutions specifically for internet and intranet websites.
 - Responsibilities include the design, implementation and support of web applications, and website content changes and upgrades.
 

Analyst
 Business
 Systems
 Network
 Database
 Test

Business Analyst
Review, analyze and evaluate the overall business and information needs of an organization to develop solutions to business and related
technology problems.

System Analyst
Match business and system requirements, including developing data and system process flow diagrams, charts, and specifications to suit
different needs.

Network Analyst
Research and recommend policies and strategies for an organization’s network infrastructure.

Database Analyst
Develop and maintain databases, ensuring optimum performance and problem resolution.

Test Analyst
Specify requirements, develop test cases, and execute these test cases against requirements.
 
application programmer, system programmer, system engineer, software architect, database developer, games designer, e-commerce developer

Hardware Engineer
Responsible for the architecture, design, implementation, development, and support of a computer's hardware infrastructure.

Telecom Engineer
Design implement and support data communication systems including cable, optical and wireless technologies.

Technical Engineer
Design, build, manufacture, implement and support computer systems.
The role includes both hardware and software and the interaction between the two.
 
End User and Technical Support
 Computer operator
 Support technician
 Helpdesk operator
 Network Administrator
 Database Administrator
 Trainer
 
Computer Operator
Provide ICT support and maintain computer infrastructure.

Support Technician
Install and configure software and hardware.

Helpdesk Operator
Provide first level technical assistance for computer users.
Receive, diagnose, and solve most user queries.

Network Administrator
Install, configure, maintain, and support an organization’s network environment.

Database Administrator
Facilitate the management, access, retrieval, sharing and configuration of large amounts of data through the design, implementation, and
maintenance of computerized databases.

Trainer
Provide instruction about computer hardware and software to computer users.
  
Security Specialist
Manage the security of an organization’s system infrastructure. Investigate and resolve incidents, monitor for intrusions, provide virus
protection defenses, and secure systems from unauthorized use.

ICT Sales & Marketing Professional

Sell computer hardware, software, telecommunications, and IT services.
Manage the sourcing and delivery of products to customers.

YOUNG ACHIEVERS’ SCHOOL OF CALOOCAN, INC. Academic Year 2020-2021 Senior High School Department

Lesson 1

YOUR DISCUSSION TEXT:

A. Key Attributes of an IT Project

 Lawrence J. Peter once said, "If you don't know where you're going, you will probably end up somewhere else." This is particularly true
of an IT project. To ensure the success of your IT project, you need to map out and follow an effective process. Where do you start?
Perhaps the best place to begin is to look at the concept of an IT project. The Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) is a
good source for information on project management in general. PMBOK describes a project as "a temporary endeavor undertaken to
create a unique product, service, or result." Every IT project has five key attributes that play roles in project development and
completion. Details about these key project attributes are provided below.

1. Purpose

There must be a purpose to justify the need for a project. Many ideas for projects can be discovered through company surveys or
questionnaires aimed at determining needs.

For example, in an e-learning corporation, a survey identified a need in the course development department for a program to log and maintain
course status records. This will be the purpose of the corporation's next IT project.

2. Length

As noted above, PMBOK describes a project as "a temporary endeavor." In other words, an IT project has set beginning and end dates.
The length of the project will depend on its complexity. For example, a short-term project might be developing a report on a company's needs. A
long-term project might be the creation of a database for collecting and generating statistics.

3. Resources

Resources for an IT project can include skilled employees from inside or outside of the company, hardware, software, and other assets as
deemed necessary.

4. Sponsors

There may be many interested parties who have a stake in a project, but there is usually only one main sponsor. This main sponsor
provides the needed direction and financing for the project.

Non-financial sponsors may be acquired if the project incorporates many departments within a company. For example, if the product of a
project will be used by the accounting and human resources departments, it may be necessary to ask experts from each department to provide
input to ensure departmental needs are considered.

5. Uncertainty
 Every project will face uncertainty. Anything can go wrong. Although efforts should be made to ensure that the IT project plan is concise,
factors such as time and cost can change due to unforeseen circumstances.

Key attributes are an important aspect of every project. Keeping these attributes in mind throughout the project can help you and your team
meet established goals.

PROJECT PRESENTATION, BUSINESS VALUES AND VISUAL PRESENTATION

Lesson 2&3

THE PROJECT MANAGEMENT PROFESSION

The profession of project management is growing at a very rapid pace It is helpful to understand the history of the field, the role of professional
societies like the Project Management Institute, and the growth in project management software

THE CLASS IS TASK TO COOK ADOBO MAKE PREPARATION FROM PURCHASING UNTIL SERVING

HISTORY OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT

Some people argue that building the Egyptian pyramids was a project, as was building the Great Wall of China

Most people consider the Manhattan Project to be the first project to use “modern” project management

These three-year, $2 billion (in 1946 dollars) projects had a separate project manager and a technical manager

The Three IT Management Project Tools

a. PROJECT PLANNING SOFTWARE

- There are three tools used by IT project managers and team members that are key to the administration of a project.
- Project planning software helps your team define and manage the scope of the project. Many versions of planning software are
presently available for project management. You should shop around to determine the best product for the various projects your
company undertakes.
 - Planning software is a valuable tool for creating and managing schedules like Gantt or Pert-type charts and for facilitating
communication between all parties involved in the project.

b. PROJECT ESTIMATING SOFTWARE

- Project estimating software is useful for compiling data, producing charts, managing resources and costs, and performing analyses.
Spreadsheets are a common example of estimating software.
c. PRESENTATION TOOLS
- Presentation tools help you visually deliver progress reports, produce user manuals, and prepare final reports. The specific needs of
your project will help you determine the estimating software and presentation tool you will need.

OUTPUTS TO THE IT PROJECT PHASES

Think back to the last time you were in a bakery where the aroma of freshly baked bread teased your senses. Making bread may be less
complicated than administering an IT project, but it follows a similar development process with inputs (ingredients), tools (oven), and outputs (a
loaf of bread).
Using a recipe and the necessary tools, the baker expects outputs at each stage—a ball of dough made from various ingredients, a larger ball of
raised dough, and finally a perfectly formed and delicious loaf of bread.

An IT project also produces outputs, which are known as deliverables. These outputs are the results derived from each of the IT project's six
phases—planning, analysis, design, construction, testing, and rollout.
Outputs, or deliverables, can help your team keep a project on track. Well-planned outputs are also an effective way for managers, IT
organizations, sponsors, and users to learn effective lessons from a project. Remember to focus on achieving benefits and objectives when
determining the outputs that will be generated during each phase of your project.

There are several major outputs for each phase in an IT project. Not all phases have the same number of outputs, but all deliverables help you
and your team achieve success with the product. Examples of outputs for each of the six IT project phases are listed ON THE NEXT SLIDE.
 SIX PHASES OF IT AN PROJECT
PLANNING PHASE
Planning phase. An example of a planning phase output is the business case, which provides validation for any project decisions made. It acts as
the framework for performing all evaluations and as the starting point for guiding the management of the project.

ANALYSIS PHASE
An example of an analysis phase output is the requirements specification, which contains or refers to the definition and details about the data,
event, and process models, as well as the project quality requirements.

DESIGN PHASE
An example of a design phase output is the design document, which contains or refers to the application architecture and flows, database and
user interface designs, and the workflow diagram.

CONSTRUCTION PHASE
An example of a construction phase output is a programming work unit. Programming work units lay the base for the development of project
codes for testing aids and application and conversion programs. Other nonprocedural codes are also included when applicable.

TESTING PHASE
An example of a testing phase output is the operating instructions, which can be in the form of manuals, installation procedures, or instructions
for using the new system. These instructions would be accessible to all end users.

ROLLOUT PHASE
An example of a rollout phase output is the post-conversion review document, which can contain specifics on the scope of the conversion
process and details about any problems that have occurred during conversion.

PROJECT SUCCESS
There are several ways to define project success:
▪ The project met scope, time, and cost goals
▪ The project satisfied the customer/sponsor
▪ The results of the project met its main objective, such as making or saving a certain amount of money, providing a good return on investment,
or simply making the sponsors happy
TABLE 1-2: WHAT HELPS PROJECTS SUCCEED? *

Executive support
User involvement
Clear business objectives
Emotional maturity
Optimizing scope
Agile process
Project management expertise
Skilled resources
Execution
Tools and infrastructure
 Introduction to Basic.NET Programming in Visual Basic.NET
Visual Basic 2008 is a development tool that you can use to build software applications that perform useful work and look great within a
variety of settings. You can create applications for the Windows operating system, the Web, hand-held devices, and a host of other
environments and settings.
Visual Basic 2008

Start Page contains a set of links, MSDN articles and Project Options. A comprehensive source of information about your project, as well as
resources within the Visual Basic development community

Toolbox
Contains controls and other component that can be placed on the form designer.
Solution Explorer Window
Provides you with a way to navigate through your program's structure, with entries for each form, module, and class, along with supporting files
such as the application configuration file.

Error/Task List Window

Will be populated with any potential issues with the code and form design of your application. Issues can be compiling or runtime errors that
need to be address.

Properties Window
Describes the properties or characteristics of the form and other controls.

Writing Windows Applications with VB

 Windows Graphical User Interface
 Window = Form
 Toolbox of elements called Controls
- Text Box
- Label
- Check Box
- Button

Using “ “ to create a space

Using + to join words
Object Model
Object - Noun
- Form and Controls
Property - Adjective
- Color of a Form
- Size of Text
Method - verb
- Move a form
Event – Occurs when the user takes action
- Use clicks a button, User moves a form
Class - Template to create new object
 - Each control added is an instance of a class

Object Model Analogy

 Class – automobile
 Properties – make, model, color, year
 Object – each individual car
o Object is an Instance of the automobile class
 Methods – start, stop, speedup, slowdown
 Events – car arrives, car crashes, car is purchased

Performing calculations
 Operators:
o + is addition
o – is subtraction
o * MOD gets remainder
o / is *floating point division
o \ is *integer division
o *^ is exponentiation
 Examples:
Integers = 5 + 5
Integers = 5 MOD 5
{remainder shows)
Integer = 5 / 5
The following are symbols for declaring specific operations
Mathematical Operation Operator or Symbol Mathematical Notation Example Result
Addition + a+b 17+2 19
Subtraction - a-b 2-17 -15
Multiplication * a*b 2*17 34
Division / a/b 17/1 17
Exponentiation ^ a^b 7^2 49
+ or & String Concatenations String 1 + String2 or "Hello" + "World" Hello World
String1 & String2
mod Reminder of division a mod b 19mod3 1

RELATIONAL OPERATORS
Operators Description Mathematical Notation Example Result
> Greater than a>b 25>2 True
< Less than a<b 25<5 False
>= Greater than or equal to a>=b 83>-75 True
<= Less than or equal to a<=b 83<-75 False
<> Not equal a<>b Password <> computer True
= Equal a=b Password = computer False

The following are symbols for declaring specific operations

 Visual Basic follow the precedence of the formula like in Math wherein if follow the rules of EMDAS.
 Use parenthesis to alter the precedence followed by EMDAS. Expressions inserted inside a parenthesis will be executed first before the
other expressions.
 Coding Part 5: If...Then and If...Else...Then Statements
Both statements are conditional statements
 Visual Basic is unique on this
 If... Then is one condition is met
 If... Else... Then is if one condition is not met then another event will trigger

LOGICAL OPERATORS
Operators Description Example Result
OR It will retrieve true value if the (25>3) OR (3<5) True
operand are true.
AND It will retrieve true value only (25>3) AND (3<5) True
if both operands are true
XOR Both must not be true meaning (25>3) XOR (3<5) False
only one side should hold true
value
NOT Reverse true side NOT (2=2) False

KINDS OF DATA TYPES

1. Numeric — a data type that holds whole numbers.
Two Category
a. Integers — which are whole numbers and without decimal.
b. Decimal — holds numbers with decimal points that usually represent fractional values like 3.1426, -22, etc.

2. Nonnumeric — usually consists of characters, date, Boolean data or variant data types.
Example:
a) String — is a series of characters which may range from zero or more characters. It may hold numeric characters but it is never used
for calculations.
b) Date — used for dates.
c) Boolean data — only holds two value or no, true or false.
d) Variant — data that cam holding any kinds of data except for fixed length strings.
EXPLICIT Declarations
It is advisable to declare all variables before they are used in a program.
Using the DIM statement to declare variables by assigning them a name and a data type. Below is the format of the DIN'I statement in a variable
declaration.
Dim Varname as Data Type
Varname is the name you assign to a variable and the
Data type is the type of data that the variable will hold.

EXPLICIT Declarations
Like giving names in a control, variables also used prefixes in assigning names to them. Below are the variable name prefixes that describe
variables data type.

Prefix Data Type Example

bln Boolean blnoption
byt Byte Bytage
cur Currency Curitr
dte Date Dteinventory
dbl Double Dbllongnumbers
int Integer Intyearlevel
Ing Long Lngspeed
Obj Object Objpresentation
Sng Single Sngincome
Str String Strname

 Used to reference object's properties and methods in code

- Object dot Property
o Form.Text, TextBox. Text
- Object dot Method
o Form.Hide(), TextBox.Focus()
 To reference an object's events use an underscore in the Private Sub name and use a dot in the Handles subclause of the Private Sub
statement
Coding Part 4: Converting between variable types
Conversion
 Convert between items
 Use a Ctype function

Example
*Dim anlntegerAs Integer = 54
MsgBox (CStr(anlnteger))
This will convertanlnteger= 54
to output as a string "54"

KINDS OF DATA TYPES

Seven Numeric Data Types
Type Storage Range
Byte 1 byte 0 to 255
Integer 2 bytes -32,768 to 32,768
Long 4 bytes -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,648
Single 4 bytes -3.402823E+38 to -1.401298E-45 or
1.401298E-45 to 3.402823E+38
Double 8 bytes -1.79769313486232E+308 to
-4.94065645851247E-324 or
4.94065645851247E-324 to
1.79769313486232E+308
Currency 8 bytes -922,337,203,685,477.5808 to
922,337,203,685,477.5808
Decimal 12 bytes +/- 79,228,162,514,264,337,593,543,950,335
This if no decimal
+/- 79,228,162,514,264,337,593,543,950,335

VB.NET COMMONLY USED COMMAND and PROPERTIES

Tools/Objects PREFIXES used in VB.Net
 TOOLS PREFIX
Textbox txt
Label Ibi
Button btn or cmd
Radio Button rdo
Combo Box cmb
Check Box Chk or chkb
Form frm

Common properties of FORM

 Background Image
 Autosize
 Back Color
 Form Border style
 Icon

Common properties of TEXTBOX

 Font
 foreColor
 PasswordChar
 ReadyOnly
 Text Align

Combo Box Common properties

 BackColor
 Forecolor
 DropDownStyle
 Font

o If statement/ USING LOGIN

o LOGIN VB/YES NO
o Messagebox stye
 o Show form
o Hide form
o Read only
o Clear text
o Text enable/ text disable
o Combo box

VB Default Controls
List Box, Combo Box
Default Controls
- Pointer
- Picture Box
- Label
- Text Box
- Frame
- Command Box
- Checkbox
- Option Button
- Combo box
- List box
- Horizontal box
- Vertical scroll Bar
- Timer
- Drive List Box
- Directory list box
- File list box
- Shape
- Line
- Image
- Data

The Combo Box

 Enables you to present lists to the users
  can be used in three different forms:
- The drop-down combo box: Presents the users with a text box combined with a dropdown list. The users can either select an
item from the list portion or type an item in the text box portion
- The simple combo box: Displays a text box and a list that doesn't drop down the users can either select an item from the list
portion or type an item in tie text box portion.
- The drop-down list: Displays a drop down list box from which the users can make a choice. The users cannot enter items that
are not in the list.

ADD ITEM
Combobox1.items.add("January") = Constant variable
Combobox1.items.add("textbox.text") = Indefinite Variable

COMBO BOX FOR LOOP

Dim i As Integer = O
For I = 1 to 60
ComboBox1.ltems.Add(i)
Next

List Box, Combo Box

List Box
List Box control can used the to present a list of choices.
The key parts of the list box are the following:
- Item list: This is the list of items from which the users can select. These items are added to the list in the design environment or by the
program as it is running.
- Selected item: This item is chosen by the users.
- Scrollbar: This part indicates that more items are available on the list than will fit in the box.

Listbox add item

ListBox1.items.Add(“orange”) CONTANT VARIABLE
ListBox1.items.Add(TextBox1.Text) INDEFINITE VARIABLE

Adding Items to List Box at design-time

 List box items can be added at design time by using the "List" property of the control.
  After you add an item to the list, press Ctrl+Enter to move to the next line of the list.
Adding Items to List Box at Programmatically
Using add Item method:
Example.
Private Sub Form_Load()
Dim i As Integer
For I = 1 To 100
List1.AddItem "This is item & i
Next i
End Sub

Other List Box Methods & properties

To clear all the items in a list box. use the Clear method
- List1.Clear
To refer to a list item use the list() array:
- List1.list(0) First Term
- List1.list(1) Second Term
ListCount represents the number of items a list box.
For I = 0 To List1.ListCount = 1
Print List1.List(i)

Listbox clear items

ListBox1.ltems.clear

List Box Items Positlon

To add item a specific position (index):
- lstAvailable.AddItem “Apples”, 2
To sort list box item. set the Sorted property to True.
(designtime only)
Working with Multiple Selections
Listindex property only a single selection
You have to examine each item the 1st to determine whether it is selected
Whether an item is selected is indicated by the list box's
Selected property
- True (item selected)
- False (item not selected)
- Example
For i = 0 to List1 ListCount – 1
If List1.Selected(i) Then Print List1.List(i)
Next i

Combo Box features

 Use the Add Item, Removeltem, and Clear methods to modify the contents of the list.
 Sorted or an unsorted list.
 Support the ItemData array and Newlndex property.
 No multiple choices
 Combo boxes Allows the users to enter choices that are not on the list.
 Drop-down list is useful for presenting several choices in a small amount of space.

Creating a Combo Box

 Draw a combo box on your form
 Select its style from the property window
 Add items to the List property at design or run time