PRACTICAL WORK

Name: Udita Sharma

Roll number: 19107012

Semester: IV

Course Name: Master of Arts (Psychology)

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 INDEX
Serial Name of the Page
Number Practical Number
1) Vocational Interest Record 3

2) Stroop Effect 14

3) Eysenck Personality Questionnaire 24

4) Differential Aptitude Test 36

5) Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices 47

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 PRACTICAL 1

VOCATIONAL
INTEREST RECORD

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 VOCATIONAL INTEREST RECORD

AIM:
To assess the subject’s vocational interest areas with the help of Vocational Interest Record
developed by Dr. S.P Kulshrestha.

AREA:
Interest

INTRODUCTION:
Career Counselling: One's career is often one of the most important aspects of adulthood, and
embarking on a new career, whether for the first time, the second time, or any time thereafter, can
be a stressful event. Career counseling, also known as career guidance, is counseling designed to
help with choosing, changing, or leaving a career and is available at any stage in life. A career
counselor can help by outlining and discussing one's potential career options. A career counselor
could be a therapist, life coach, or a volunteer from the business world but will generally be trained
to provide career information resources, discuss career development, and administer and interpret
aptitude and ability assessments.
Career development is more than just deciding on a major and what job you want to get when you
graduate. It really is a lifelong process, meaning that throughout your life you will change,
situations will change, and you will continually have to make career and life decisions. The goal of
career counseling is to not only help you make the decisions you need to make now, but to give you
the knowledge and skills you need to make future career and life decisions. Career counseling is a
process that will help you to know and understand yourself and the world of work in order to make
career, educational, and life decisions.There are a number of factors that influence your career
development, including your interests, abilities, values, personality, background, and circumstances.

Interest: Interest indicates the mode of life of the individual. It is the interest which helps to bring
about the selectivity. It is the interest which has great incentive to attention.
Various definition by different authors also indicated it like “Interest is a stable quality of an
individual” by M.C. Dougall. “Interest is a disposition in its dynamic aspect.” by Drever and also
Encyclopedia of education defines “Inclination to like, to sick and to engage in certain kinds of
activities.”
Interests are the significant elements in personality, which play an important role in their
educational and vocational careers. The tools for measuring the interest, like and dislike of an
individual are various types of inventories, interest scale, records etc.
Two type of interest inventory:
1. For literate person

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2. For illiterate person
Interest inventories indicate to extent to which the expressed interest of a person who are engaged in
specific occupation.

Types of Interest
Interest is classified in following area:
1) Social Interest: Those interests by which a person sphere increase outside the home and
neighborhood. He comes to contracts with more people.

2) Recreational Interest: Recreation contributes to mental health and the people who are healthy
have specially this kind of interest. Especially adolescents have this kind of interest.

3) Personal Interest: Every person, weather, boy or girl, adult or old, male and female has some
kinds of personal interests.

4) Vocational Interest: Vocational interest are those by which person choose their vocation or want
to take such vocation. The area of vocational is very large. A person alone cannot acquire all kinds
of skill. Skill differs from person to person.

Vocation: A vocation is an occupation to which a person is especially drawn or for which they are
suited, trained, or qualified. A vocational aptitude test any instrument designed to assess the
abilities, interests, personality traits, and other factors deemed essential for success in a particular
occupation. Such tests are often used to assess how well the participant’s profile on these
dimensions matches the profile of the typical or ideal person in the occupation. A Vocation
Assessment is conducted in order to determine an individual’s skills, knowledge and aptitude in a
variety of areas, with the purpose of identifying and determining their level of functioning in their
job, and future decision-making around employment.
The Psychological-Vocational Assessment will include, but is not limited to, the following:
•
A thorough psychosocial history.
•
Standard testing using standardized assessment tools.
•
Review of current functioning, skills, issues, challenges, etc.
•
Review of past and current employment.
•
Review of environmental factors.
•
Review of personality traits.

For individuals struggling to thrive within their current employment, or for those struggling to
maintain employment, the Psychological-Vocational Assessment can help in a variety of ways:
•
Identify current strengths and challenges.
•
Determine realistic employment avenues.

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 •
Recommend a course of employment action.
Vocational testing can be particularly useful for adolescents, young adults, and persons
contemplating a mid-life career change. Such an assessment examines which occupations best fit
with an individual’s abilities, interests, and personality. Many vocational interest tests use the
Holland codes, which group interests into six categories: realistic (outdoors and hands-on
occupations), investigative (scientific), artistic (creative), social (counseling and teaching),
enterprising (management and sales), and conventional (clerical).
As per the International Labor Organization, vocational assessments decide an individual’s
advantages, aptitudes, professional abilities, needs, and vocation potential. These tests help
instructors, therapists, teachers, and managers to all the more properly treat and professionally place
a person. A few tests are more explicit than others and custom-fitted to specific requirements like
mechanical or specialized capacity.

How are Professional and Vocational Assessments

Utilized? In-School Settings
Profession Appraisal/Assessment: an interaction to help understudies to distinguish and investigate
their vocation advantages, aptitudes, and abilities and define quick and long haul vocation
objectives.
In Recovery Settings
Professional Assessment: an interaction to help people with inabilities, harmed or dislodged
laborers distinguish and investigate their vocation advantages, aptitudes, and abilities and define
quick and long haul work/vocation objectives.

RELATED FINDINGS:
• Hoff, K. A., Chu, C., Einarsdóttir, S., Briley, D. A., Hanna, A., & Rounds, J. (2021) conducted a
study on the topic “Adolescent vocational interests predict early career success: Two 12‐
year longitudinal studies.” This study assessed the long-term predictive power of adolescent
interest levels and interest growth for five career outcomes: degree attainment, occupational
prestige, income, and career- and job-satisfaction. The study used two 12-year longitudinal
samples (N1 = 485; N2 = 1290) with vocational interests measured across multiple waves from
late adolescence to young adulthood. Results from both samples converged on three key findings.
First, adolescents who showed better interest fit with their eventual vocation were more satisfied
with their jobs over a decade later. Second, adolescent interests predicted objective career
outcomes (i.e. degree attainment, occupational prestige, and income), revealing that early interests
shaped educational and career choices. Third, interest changes were typically not associated with
career outcomes, indicating that adolescent interest levels played a larger role.

• In another study, Xu, H. (2021) studied “Career decision-making from a dual-process perspective:
Looking back, looking forward.” The dual-process theory features managing state and inherent
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 decision uncertainty (confusion vs. ambiguity) as two differential and interrelated processual
blocks between background inputs and career decision-making outcomes. In general, the research
has provided significant progress in supporting various parts of the dual-process model,
suggesting that what people know about themselves and the vocational world, how they match
information, the extent to which they experience ambiguity, and how they mitigate the threat of
ambiguity shape career decision-making outcomes (e.g., decidedness, choices, and satisfaction).

MATERIAL USED:
• Vocational Interest Record developed by Dr. S.P Kulshrestha.
• Manual for vocational interest record.
• Writing material.

INTRODUCTION OF THE TEST:

The Vocational Interest Record (VIR) was developed by Dr. S.P Kulshrestha in 1965, which was
thoroughly revised in 1970, 1975 and 1977 by the author. The VIR contains 200 vocations
belonging to different vocational interest areas. It covers 10 vocational areas such as Literary,
Scientific, Executive, Commercial, Constructive, Artistic, Agriculture, Persuasive, Social and
household. The time limit to complete the test is 10 minutes.
The test retest reliability were found to vary from .73 to .89. Correlation Coefficients with parents’
rating were found to vary from .79 to .81 with friends’ opinion from .80 - .85 and with teachers’
opinion from .78 to .83. Norms have been developed in the form of stanine scores.

Description of the areas:

i. Literary: Associated with literary works. The Literary includes jobs like editor, translator, critic,
journalist, poet, writer, language specialist, dramatist, epic writer, language teacher, novelist and
story writer etc.

ii. Scientific: Relating to or used in science. This includes jobs like Engineer, Scientist, Astrologer,
Medical representative, Botanist, Doctor, Chemist Scientific Apparatus manufacturer etc.

iii. Executive: Relating to or having the power to put plans or actions into effect. This includes
Mayor, Officer. President, Superintendent, Magistrate, Judge, Inspector, Manager, Principal etc.

iv. Commercial: Related to business and the buying and selling of goods and services. This includes
Typist, Secretary, Steno, Accountant, Treasurer, Draftsman, Income tax officer, Salesman, Industry
Manager, Life Insurance Manager etc.

v. Constructive: The action, process, art, or manner of building something. This include Goldsmith,
Mechanic, Book binder, welder, carpenter, toy maker etc
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vi. Artistic: Natural creative skill. This includes Singer, musician, painter, cartoonist, photographer,
dancer, sculptor etc.

vii. Agriculture: The science or practice of farming. This include Gardener, farmer, animal
husbandry, soil and water conservation, Horticulture, manure specialist, dairyman etc.

viii. Persuasive: Good at persuading someone to do or believe something through reasoning. This
include Advertisement worker, Politician, Counsellor, Ambassador, Tourist guide, Advocate,
Religious preacher etc.

ix. Social: Relating to society or its organization. This include Village level worker, Socialist, social
worker, Religious reformer, red-cross worker, voluntary worker, Guide, Scout and Guide etc

x. Household: Household chore. This includes Cooking, tailoring, embroidery, home science,
decorating, home management, nursing etc.

METHODOLOGY:
The subject for the practical was a female of 20 years of age. The subject lives in an urban area and
is well literate. Due to the pandemic, the practical was conducted in household settings. Proper
seating arrangements were made, and a good rapport was established with the subject.
Instructions:
The following instructions were given to the subject:
“The main objective of this inventory is to know your vocational interest so that you can be guided
for your vocation. To vocations are mentioned in each box of this inventory. You can mention your
choice from the two vocations given in each box, keeping in view their salary, prestige and future.
You have to mark your vocational choices in the following way –
(A) If you like first vocation of the box then make a tick mark against number one in the box .
(B) If you like the second vocation in the box, make a tick mark against number two in this box.
(C) If you like both the vocations of the box, then make a tick mark against both the numbers i.e,
number one and number two.
(D) If you dislike both the vocations of the box, then make a Cross mark against both the numbers,
one and two.
In this way you have to mark your like/dislike regarding the vocation of each box and have to leave
no box blank. If you have any doubt in this respect, please ask me.
Though there is no time limit for this inventory even then answer as quickly as possible. Usually 7
to 10 minutes are required to complete this. After making your vocational choice of every box,
return the inventory report.”
Actual Procedure-
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After giving the above instructions, all the doubts of the subjects were clarified following which the
conduction of the Vocational Interest Record began. During the conduction of the test, a peaceful
and comfortable environment was maintained. Also, the behaviour of the subject was carefully
observed. After the completion of the test, an introspective report was taken and the subject was
thanked for her cooperation. Lastly , the scoring was done.

SCORING:
For the purpose of scoring, one mark was awarded for each tick. Subsequently, the number of tick
marks in a particular area was added horizontally and vertically and the total score was obtained for
each individual area. Thus, the subject’s interest areas may be understood by counting the
frequencies of each vocational interest area. Percentage for each interest area can also be calculated.
This is a qualitative interpretation of scores. The quantitative method of interpretation is based on
the basis of classification and is based on revised norms given here.

Classification Scores

High interest 18 to 20

Above average interest 14 to 17

Average interest 7 to 13

Below average interest 4 to 6

Low interest 0 to 3

RESULTS:

• Main Interest Area – Executive

• Second Interest Area – Household

• Third Interest Area – Artistic

• Least Interest Area – Constructive and social

INTERPRETATION AND DISCUSSION:

A vocation is an occupation to which a person is especially drawn or for which they are suited,
trained, or qualified. A vocational aptitude test any instrument designed to assess the abilities,
interests, personality traits, and other factors deemed essential for success in a particular occupation.
This practical was aimed at assessing the vocational interest of the subject with the help of

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Vocational Interest Record developed by Dr. S.P Kulshrestha. The subject was a female of 20 years
of age.

According to the results of the test, the subject has highest interest or inclination to words jobs with
an executive nature. This can be considered an indication that the subject has inclination towords
leadership oriented jobs, jobs that required to convert a planning into a well established system or
jobs which are related to using power to accomplish the goals in a proper manner. In a general sense
an executive direct plans and coordinates activities for his or her organisation and are normally
responsible for devising policies and strategies to meet the required needs. Therefore, considering
the given result that the subject has highest interest in the executive area, we can say that the subject
would enjoy jobs like being a mayor, police officer, administrator, superintendent, Judge, manager,
principal et cetera.

The next area of subjects interest came out to be household. This shows the subjects inclination
towards profession relating to household chores or nursing an artistic work. They can be Cooking,
tailoring, embroidery, home science, decorating, home management, nursing etc. Following this the
subject has scored the next highest score in the field of arts. It can therefore be said that the subject
has creative, imaginative and artistic inclination. The professions relating to this interest area may
include being a singer, musician, painter, cartoonist, photographer, dancer, sculptor etc.
Thus, the top three vocational preferences of the subject include being an executive, being related to
household jobs and being an artist.

However, if we consider the degree of preference for each vocation mentioned in the vocational
interest record, it is evident that the only field in which the subject has above average and
exceptionally high interest is executive area. The subject has scored average interest in household
and artistic areas. Subsequently, the the results shows that she has below average interest in the
areas of literature, science, commerce, agriculture, persuasion. Lastly the subject has least interest in
the areas of construction and social work.

It can be said that the subject is most likely to choose a profession that would have an executive
nature. The subject should therefore advised to work on developing skills needed in an executive
job setting so that she not only chooses a profession of her interest, but also possess the skills
required to flourish in her area of interest. These skills include leadership skills, communication,
change management skills, crisis management and intervention, strategic thinking and
foresightedness, quick and effective decision making, social and emotional intelligence, academic
and non-academic knowledge base.

CONCLUSION:

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The subject has highest interest in the executive vocational area, followed by household and artistic
areas.

REFERENCES:
• Ben Lesser (April 20, 2021). The Highs and Lows of Vocational Testing. Dual diagnosis.org
Retrieved from - https://dualdiagnosis.org/testing-assessments-comorbidity/vocational/

• Hoff, K. A., Chu, C., Einarsdóttir, S., Briley, D. A., Hanna, A., & Rounds, J. (2021). Adolescent
vocational interests predict early career success: Two 12‐year longitudinal studies. Applied
Psychology.

• Jonathan Rich (n.d). Vocational testing. Psychological testing.

Retrieved from - http://psychologicaltesting.com/test-types/vocational/

• Psychological-Vocational Assessments.(n.d). Dalton Associates.

Retrieved from - https://www.daltonassociates.ca/services/psychological-assessments/psycho-
vocational/

• Vaishali Joshi1, Shubham Joshi, and Dr. Manju Joshi (2016).Administration, Scoring &
Interpretation of Interest Inventory- A Study on 10th Class Students (Jaipur). The International
Journal of Indian Psychology
Retrievedfrom-https://ijip.in/wp-content/uploads/ArticlesPDF/
article_f084d7fdfafc6bb4b0d8f8949c368ed5.pdf

• Xu, H. (2021). Career decision-making from a dual-process perspective: Looking back, looking
forward. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 126, 103556.

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APPENDICITIS:

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 VOCATIONAL TEREST RECORD

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56