SPIRAL CL 8 SWT 2020 21 26 12 19 Final

INDEX
SCIENCE Page No.

1. Ch-1 - Crop Production and Management 2
2. Ch-2 - Micro-Organisms: Friend and Foe 7
3. Ch-3 - Synthetic Fibres And Plastics 14
4. Ch-4 -Materials: Metals and Non-Metals 19
5. Ch-5- Coal and Petroleum 24
6. Ch-6 - Combustion and Flame 27
7. Ch-7 - Conservation of Plants and Animals 31
8. Ch- 8 - Cell- Structure and Function 35
9. Ch- 9 - Reproduction in Animals 39
10. Ch-10- Reaching the Age of Adolescence 46
11. Ch-11 - Force and Pressure 49
12. Ch-12 – Friction 53
13. Ch-13- Sound 58
14. Ch-14- Chemical Effects of Electric Current 64
15. Ch-15- Some Natural Phenomenon 69
16. Ch-16- Light 71
17. Ch-17- Stars and the Solar System 79
18. Ch-18- Pollution of Air and Water 83
TEST PAPERS
19. Test yourself 1-10 86-104
20. Academic Monthly Plan 105
21. Syllabus For Examination 2019-2020 106
1
Chapter – 1
Crop Production and Management
Let’s Learn
All living organisms need food. Animals including human beings

cannot make their own food. Since we all need food, food has to be produced
on a large scale. We need to provide food to a large number of people in our
country. In a vast country like India, a rich variety of crops are grown in
different parts of the country. In order to provide food for a large population-
regular production, proper management and distribution of food is necessary.
Find out
Question – Millets are grains that used to be popular in India years ago. However, after the Green
Revolution, they gave way to wheat and rice. Millets are poised to make a comeback due to their high
nutritional content than wheat and rice. Find out: Which grains are termed millets and what other
advantages because of which they are set to replace wheat and rice?
Level – 1
Q1. Define the following terms:
(a) Agricultural practices

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
(b) Animal husbandry
__________________________________________________________________________
2
_______________________________________________________________________
(c) Crop rotation

_________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Q2. List any two precautions for sowing seeds.
___________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
Q3. Why is irrigation necessary? List any three reasons.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Level-2
Q4. Look at the pictures given below and answer the following questions-
(a)
(i) Which agricultural practice is shown in the picture?
__________________________________________________________________
(ii) Name the implement used by the farmer in the picture.
_________________________________________________________________
3
(b)
(i) What is the farmer doing?

__________________________________________________________________
(ii) How does this help him?

__________________________________________________________________
(iii) Name the implement which is used for doing this practice manually.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
(c)
(i) Identify whether the given brand is of a fertilizer or a manure.
____________________________________________________________
(ii) State two disadvantages of using a manure
____________________________________________________________________-
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
Q.5 Give a reason for the following-
4
(i) Harvested crops are dried before storing.
____________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
(ii) Leguminous crops are grown along with the main crop.
____________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
(iii) Seeds should be sown at a proper depth and at a proper distance from each other in the
field.
_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Level – 3
Q 6. What are weeds? Why is weeding necessary?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
Q 7. How is the use of manures beneficial for farmers? Give three reasons.
___________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________.
Q 8. Which method according to you, can bring about the maximum increase in crop produce in
our country?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
5
PRACTICAL SKILLS/ ACTIVITIES
1. Selection of seeds (activity 1.1)
QUESTION BANK
1. Explain modern method of sowing seeds.
2. Name the two fertilizers containing nitrogen and the other two containing phosphorus.
3. Why is excessive irrigation harmful to the crops?
4. Why should we grow seeds in moist soil?
5. What are organic foods?
6. What is meant by Mulching?(covering the topsoil with leaves, twigs, straw etc. to act as
buffer from heat and cold, keeps the roots moist, keeps weeds away.)
REFERENCES
1. www.krishiworld.com/html/balanced fertiliser.htm.
2. www.ikis.com/links/ap.cultivation.html
3. http://edugreen.teri.res.in/explore/bio/ferti.htm
6
Chapter – 2
Micro-Organisms: Friend and Foe
Let’s Learn
You can see a large number of living organisms around you.

However, do you know that there is a large number of living organisms
around you and your body that you cannot see with the naked eye? They are
called microorganisms. These organisms have a great impact on humans on
many ways. Some can cause illness whereas others can cure diseases. Some
supply us with food, whereas others spoil food.
Find out
Question – Some seaweeds are used as food in China and Japan. Algae are important food for
animals like fish or snails. Find out that in future which algae can be important source of food for all
humans.
Level -1
Q1. Define the following terms.

i) Pathogens
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
ii) Communicable diseases

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
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iii) Antibiotics
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
iv) Antibodies
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
v) Carriers
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Q2. Discuss three ways in which microorganisms are useful to us and two ways in which
they are harmful.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________.
Q3. What causes food poisoning?

________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
Q4. Discuss five methods of food preservation.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
8
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Q5. Name the scientist who:

(a) Developed the vaccine of small pox.
______________________________________________________________________
(b) Developed penicillin.
______________________________________________________________________
(c) Discovered the process of fermentation.
______________________________________________________________________
(d) Discovered the bacterium which causes anthrax.
______________________________________________________________________
(e) Discovered the process of pasteurization.
______________________________________________________________________
Q6. Draw nitrogen cycle and describe it in your own words.
9
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Q7. Complete the following table :
Disease Mode of transmission Causative

microorganism
Typhoid
Chicken Pox
Malaria
Rust of wheat
Anthrax
Measles
Level – 2
Q8. Fill in the blanks:
1. Antibiotic penicillin is made from ______________.

2. Tuberculosis is caused by a _________________________.
3. Diseases transmitted from infected person to a healthy person are called as______________
4. ____________________ fixes atmospheric nitrogen useful for plants.
5. ______________ is used in production of vinegar from alcohol.
6. The carrier of dengue fever is ____________________.
7. A micro-organism that has no cellular structure is ____________.
8. Microorganism used in bakeries is _____________.
9. Microbe lying on the border of living and non-living beings is ____________.
10
Q9. Identify the organisms shown in the following pictures.
11
Q.10 Give a reason for the following:
(a) Pasteurization of milk helps in its preservation.

__________________________________________________________________
Sugar solution with yeast powder becomes alcoholic in taste.

(b)
___________________________________________________________________
Pasteurized milk can be consumed without boiling.
(c)
__________________________________________________________________
(d) Your mother keeps milk and milk products in fridge while grains in dry containers.
__________________________________________________________________
Level – 3
Q11. Aryaman was preparing a cake on his mom’s birthday. He found that the cake didn’t rise and
become hard. Which important ingredient do you feel he forgot to add to his cake? Also
mention how this ingredient works.
__________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Q12. Explain the role of bacteria in maintaining the constant amount of nitrogen in atmosphere.
__________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Q13. How does a vaccine work?

____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

1. To prove that large amount of carbon dioxide is produced during respiration in yeast.
12
QUESTION BANK
1. What will happen if dead tissues are not decomposed?
2. What is dehydration of food? In what way is this technique useful?
3. Why does curd set faster in summer than in winter?
4. Why should you always wash your hands before handling food?
5. The sealed packets in which food items such as chips are sold are usually filled with nitrogen.
How do you think that helps?
REFERENCES
1. www.microorganisms
2. www.biology4kids.com/files/micro-mainhtml
3. http://biology-animations.blogspot.com/
13
Chapter – 3
Synthetic Fibres And Plastics
Let’s Learn
Most of the materials we see around and use in our daily life do not
occur as such in nature. They have been changed from their natural state by
chemical processes. Chemical processes are used to change raw materials such
as coal, crude oil, natural gas etc. into materials (synthetic fibres and
plastics)with special properties which we can use for specific purposes.
Find out
Question – The fact that microbes cannot act on plastics and disintegrate them, creates a major
problem. Chemists have worked out some methods to make degradable plastic now. Find out more
about degradable plastics that are soluble in water.
Level – 1
Q1. What are polymers? Give examples of the naturally occurring polymers.
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Q2. What is 4 R principle?
________________________________________________________________________________
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________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Q3. How is rayon made? Why is it called artificial silk?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q4. List two characteristic properties of each of the following:
(a) Teflon
________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
(b) Polythene
________________________________________________________________________________
______ __________________________________________________________________________
(c) Nylon
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
(d) Polyester
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Q5. Name a fibre that is made from a raw material from plants.
__________________________________________________________________________
15
Level - 2
Q6. Suggest some steps which you can take as a responsible citizen to overcome the serious
problem posed by disposing of plastics.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Q7. Describe an activity to show the difference between the absorption capacity of natural fibres
and synthetic fibres
__________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Q8. How are thermoplastics different from thermosetting plastics?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q9. Name the following:
i) Synthetic fibre used to make rope ___________________________________________
ii) Artificial fibre made from wood pulp ________________________________________
iii) Plastic material used to make non-stick pans___________________________________
16
Q10. Why is nylon used to make ropes, fishing nets and parachute fibres?
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Q11. Explain why, electric wires have plastic covering.
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Q12. You are provided with two threads of same length and thickness but different types of fibres. You
have to compare the tensile strength of the two fibres. Describe an activity to find out the tensile
strength.
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Level - 3
Q13. We all use plastic. What are the problems that we are facing today because of plastics?
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Q14. Why should we not wear synthetic clothes while working in the kitchen or laboratory?
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
17
Q15. Manufacturing synthetic fibres actually helps in conservation of forests. Comment.
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.

1. To study soaking capacity of cotton/synthetic fibre ( Act.3.1)
QUESTION BANK
1 What is the significance of the prefix ‘poly’ in polyester?
2. Which property of plastics make them so useful but also makes them an environmental hazard?
3. Clay is a ‘plastic’ material. Does this imply that it is a polymer?
4. Why are clothes made out a mixture of synthetic fibres and natural fibres are more popular than
those made purely out of synthetic fibres?
5. Do you think rayon when burnt will stick to the body like other synthetic fibres?
REFERENCES
1. http//www.pslc.ws/macrog/kidsmac/wiap.htm
2. http://www.fabrics.net/fabricinfo.asp
18
Chapter-4
Materials: Metals and Non-Metals
Let’s Learn
Elements are classified into metals and non-metals depending on

their physical and chemical properties. There are also certain elements such
as arsenic, antimony and germanium, which have some properties of metals
and some properties of non-metals. They are known as metalloids.
Find out
Question – Superconductors are metals, alloys or compounds that conduct electricity without
offering any resistance. Superconductors in the past few decades are produced at higher and higher
temperatures so that they can be practically used. Find out more about the benefit if superconductors
working at the room temperature are discovered.
Level – 1

(a) Malleability:______________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
(b) Ductility:_________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
19
(c)Sonorosity:________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Q2. State the physical properties of metals.
________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Q3. State the physical properties of non metals.

________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Q4. State three uses each of metals and non metals in our daily life.
________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
20
Level - 2
Q5. An oxide solution of which of the following compounds will turn red litmus blue.
Sodium, carbon, phosphorus, sulphur
________________________________________________________________________
Q6. What happens when: (Write chemical equations also)
(a) Iron articles are exposed to moist air.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
(b) Sulphur is heated till it starts burning.
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
(c) A piece of Aluminium foil is put in a test tube containing hydrochloric acid.
______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
(d) Charcoal powder is put in a test tube containing dilute Sulphuric Acid.
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
(e) Iron fillings are kept in dilute copper sulphate solution.
21
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
Q7. How will you test the nature of the following:
(a) Rust:
________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
(b) Sulphur dioxide:
________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Q8. Arrange the following elements in the order of increasing reactivity.
Sodium, Magnesium, Copper, Zinc, Aluminium
______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Level - 3
Q9. Give reasons for the following-
(a) Handles of the heating utensils are made up of wood or plastics.

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
(b) Gold is used for making jewellery.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
22
(c) Sodium metal is stored under kerosene oil.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
PRACTICAL SKILLS /ACTIVITIES

1. To study displacement reactions and arrange metals in order of their decreasing reactivities.
QUESTION BANK
1. Silver is the best conductor of electricity. Can you say why electric wires are not made of
silver?
2. Why are bells made of metals and not of wood?
3. Suppose copper was high up in the reactivity series. Would it still have been such a useful
metal? Give reasons.
4. If you are an engineer constructing a multi-storey building, which alloy would you be
extensively using and why?
5. Metal M1 is more reactive than M2. Which metal will be higher up in the reactivity series?
REFERENCES
1. http://www.pricescope.com/journal/overview-common-alloys-used-jewelry/
2. www.gcsescience.com/q/qusemet.html
23
Chapter-5
Coal and Petroleum
Let’s Learn
We use various materials for our basic needs. Some of them are
found in nature and are exhaustible also. The amount of these resources in
nature are very limited and can be exhausted by human activities. Their
formation is a very slow process and conditions for their formation cannot be
created in the laboratory. Coal and petroleum are such materials.
Find out
Question – Biofuel is any fuel that is derived from biomass, that is, from living organisms or their
metabolic by-products. Biofuels can be used for the production of bioenergy. Find out about the main
biofuels in use today and how they are made.
Level – 1
(a) Fossil fuel

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
(b) Exhaustible natural resources
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
(c) Inexhaustible natural resources

________________________________________________________________________
Q2. What is the ultimate source of energy of fossil fuels?
_________________________________________________________________________
24
Q3. What are the advantages of using natural gas as a fuel?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Q4. How was petroleum formed?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Level-2
Q5. How is CNG obtained?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Q6. Name four important products of petroleum and give their uses.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
Q7. Why is there a rapid increase in our energy consumption?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Level -3
Q8. Why do we feel the need for conservation more today than our ancestors did?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
25
Q9. All combustible substances are not fuels. Why?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Q10. Can fossil fuels be made in the laboratory? Why?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

1. To classify materials as natural and man-made (Act. 5.1)
QUESTION BANK
1. Which is a better fuel- coal or coke? Why?
2. What is the advantage of using CNG over petrol or diesel?
3. What is the common name given to the fuels we get by digging into the earth?
4. What is the process of converting wood into coal called?
5. Name the constituents of natural gas.
REFERENCES
1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum
2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal
26
Chapter – 6
Combustion and Flame
Let’s Learn
We use fuels for various purposes, at home, in public places and in

industry. Energy is produced when fuels burn. All materials do not burn in
the same way. The burning of a substance in the oxygen of air in which heat
and light is produced, is called combustion
Find out
Question- Vehicles today use the internal combustion engine, in which combustion of fuel occurs
inside the engine. Find out- who invented the internal engine, how it developed over the years and how
does an internal engine work.
Level – 1

(a) Rapid combustion
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
(b) Spontaneous Combustion
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
(c) Explosion
____________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
(d) Acid Rain
27
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
(e) Global Warming
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Q2. What are the three conditions necessary for combustion?
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Q3. What is ignition temperature?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Level - 2
Q4. “Kerosene oil and wood are combustible substances, but they do not catch fire on their own.”
Why?
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Q5. Why is CO2 known as an excellent fire extinguisher?

________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Q6. State two ways to use CO2 as a fire extinguisher?
________________________________________________________________________________
28
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Level - 3
Q7. “All fuels are combustible substances but all combustible substances are not fuels.” Comment on
the statement.
_______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Q8. Why should we completely extinguish the campfires before leaving forest after a picnic or a
visit?
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Q9. In an experiment 6.5 kg of a fuel was completely burnt. Calorific value of the fuel is 45000 KJ/
Kg. Calculate the heat produced by the fuel.
_______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Q10. Your LPG gas stove at home is giving a yellow flame. What could be the reason?
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
29
Q11. Draw a well labeled diagram of a candle flame and colour different zones of the flame with
different colours.

1. Burning of magnesium ribbon.
QUESTION BANK
1. Why does charcoal not produce flame?
2. Give examples of the substances which give flame.
3. What are the characteristics of good fuel.
4. Why does a flame always point upwards?
5. Can respiration be called combustion? Discuss.
REFERENCES
1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/combustion
2. http.newton.dep.anl.gov/askasci/chem03/chem03767.htm
30
Chapter-7
Conservation Of Plants and Animals
Let’s Learn
The term ‘conservation’ means the process of keeping and protecting

something from damage. So, the conservation of plants and animals means
that plants and animals which occur in the forests should be protected in the
natural environment in which they are found. Biodiversity is the variety of
plants, animals and microorganisms found in a particular habitat.
Find out
Question – Ornithology is the branch of zoology concerned with the scientific study of birds. Find
out the name of the most famous ornithologist of India. Which books he has written?
ACTIVITY 1
Develop the logical thinking. Explore and write the ways in which you can contribute towards
nurturing nature. Make a poster on our 'Friendly Forests' depicting all that we get from them.
ACTIVITY 2
Students will be able to know about the endangered species.
Tigers are endangered species. The programme ‘Project Tiger’ was launched, in the oldest National
Park of India, to save tigers. Find out the name of the national park. Also find out the names of other
endangered species and also paste their pictures
ACTIVITY 3
Students will be able know about the importance of trees and birds.
31
(a) Do we need to think about growing a new forest before we harvest the existing one? Why or why
not?
(b) List five products that are made from trees. [also paste pictures]
(c) Name three benefits of trees and forests
(d) Name and paste 5 birds and 5 animals that are enlisted in Red Data Book
.
Helplink- en.wikipedia.org/wiki/fauna_of_India, en.wikipedia en.wikipedia.org/wiki/fauna_of_India,
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/flora_of_India org/wiki/flora_of_India org/wiki/flora_of_India
Level - 1
(a) Deforestation
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
(b) Desertification
______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
(c) Droughts
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
(d) Flora
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
(e) Fauna
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
(f) Endemic Species

_______________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
32
(g) Species
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
(h) Endangered Animals

________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
(i) Extinct Animals

________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
(j) Migration
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
(k) Reforestation
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Level - 2
Q2. Give a reason for the following:
(a) We should use paper judiciously.
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
(b) We are harming ourselves by killing animals

________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
(c) Small animals are much more in the danger of becoming extinct.
________________________________________________________________________________
33
_________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Q3. Explain how deforestation leads to reduced rainfall

________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________.
Q4. List the most important factor that is threatening wildlife today.
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
REFERENCES
Biodiversity HOTSPOTS:www.biodiversityhotspots.org http://projecttiger.nic.in/
34
Chapter-8
Cell- Structure and Functions
Let’s Learn
Cell is the basic structural and functional unit of the body. As bricks
are assembled to make a building, cells are assembled to make the body of
every organism. Cells in the living organisms are complex living structures
unlike non-living bricks.
Find out
Question – Sometimes some defective cells in the body keep on dividing in an uncontrolled manner
and start interfering with normal body functions. Find out the name of the disease caused by this. What
methods are available to treat this disease?
Level - 1
Q1. How do scientists observe and study the living cells?
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Q2. A single-celled organism performs all the necessary functions that a multicellular organism
perform? Explain this statement by giving an example.
_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Q3. Explain the structure of a nucleus.

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
35
_________________________________________________________________________________
Level – 2
Q4. What advantage does amoeba derive by changing shape?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q5. Amoeba and a white blood cell in human blood, both are the example of a single cell. How do
they differ?
________________________________________________________________________________
_________ _______________________________________________________________________
Q6. ‘Organisms show diversity in cell number, shape and size.’ Explain.
________________________________________________________________________________
_________ ________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q7. Draw a G.O. to show the organization of living organisms.
Q8. Write the function of the following:

(a) Nucleus:
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
(b) Nucleolus
________________________________________________________________________________
36
________________________________________________________________________________
(c) Plastids
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
(d) Chloroplasts
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
(e) Chromosomes
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
(f) Chloroplast
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Level-3
Q9. Cell wall provides shape and rigidity to the plant cell. In addition to this, what purpose does cell
wall serve?
________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Q10. You prepared a temporary mount of onion peel and observed the slide under a microscope.
Name at least three parts which you can see in the slide.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
37
Q11. Differentiate between:
(i) Cell wall and cell membrane
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
(ii) Organs and organelles

____________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
(iii) Nucleus and Nucleolus

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q12. Name the pigment that gives colour to blood. Why should we have blood banks?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q13. Why is it necessary for us to know our blood group?
________________________________________________________________________________

Making slide of onion peel (Act. 8.3)
QUESTION BANK
1. Which part of the cell can be called the brain of the cell? Why?
2. How does the growth in an organism occur- by growth in the size of cells or by growth in the
number of cells?
3. Why do you think parents and doctors get very worried if a child gets a head or spinal injury?
4. What are the thread like structures present inside the nucleus called?
5. The cell is the basic structural unit of living organisms. What does this statement mean?
REFERENCES
http://www.cellsalive.com/toc-cellbio.htm
www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/plants/cell/
38
Chapter-9
Reproduction in animals
Let’s Learn
Living things produce young ones of their own kind. It is because of

reproduction life continues from generation to generation. All other systems of
living organisms are essential for life but the reproductive system is not needed
for the organism to stay alive. Animals reproduce by several ways.
Find out
Question – Find out about reproduction in the case of honeybees. What is the bee that lays eggs
called? Which bees feed the egg laying bee and look after the young? Which eggs hatch into males and
which into females?
Level - 1
Q1. Compare viviparous and oviparous organisms with suitable examples.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Q2. Differentiate between sexual and asexual reproduction.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
39
Q3. What is binary fission?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Q4. What is cloning? Is it a sexual or asexual mode of reproduction? Give a specific reason in support
of your answer.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Level - 2
Q5. What is the other name for male gamete and where are they produced?
________________________________________________________________________
Q6. Why do fish and frogs lay hundreds of eggs at one time?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
An egg and a sperm fuse to form a single cell ‘A’ which begins to develop in a structure called
Q7.
‘B’. ‘B’ divides repeatedly to form group of cells which develops into ‘C’.
Development of ‘B’ takes place in an organ ‘D’. Identify A, B, C, D.
A_____ B______ C______ D_______
Q8. Some women are unable to bear babies naturally. In such cases, doctors use an advanced
technique of reproduction which is commonly known as Test tube babies What is the scientific
name for this technique. Why is the term Test tube babies misleading?
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
40
Q9. Explain the process of development of embryo in human beings.
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Q10. (a)Identify the mode of reproduction in following picture and explain briefly:
_____________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
(b) Draw a well labelled diagram of human male reproductive system.
41
(c) Draw a well labelled diagram of Human female reproductive system.
(d) Draw a well labelled diagram of Human Sperm.
42
Level – 3
Q12.
(i) Which Sheep does Sheep Dolly resemble? Give suitable reason for your answer.
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
(ii) “Cloning of organs can be helpful in checking the illegal selling of human organs.” Comment on
the statement.
________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
43
Q13. Identify the figures given below.
Q14. Prenatal Determination of Sex is banned in India. It’s a punishable offence.

(a)To detect the sex of an unborn baby, ultrasound is done at which stage of development of a baby?
________________________________________________________________________________
(b)Under the prenatal sex determination act who all may be punished for performing the ultrasound test
to determine the sex of the unborn baby?
________________________________________________________________________________

Observing slides of binary fission in amoeba and budding in hydra.
QUESTION BANK
1 Is there any difference in the nutritional value of fertilized and unfertilized eggs?
44
2. Can you consume fertilized eggs?
3. Which two processes are responsible for the development of embryo in multicellular organisms?
4. Can the process of a child changing into adult be called metamorphosis?
5. What are the two different ways by which a zygote develops in case of animals where fertilization is
internal?
6. Write the extended form of AIDS and HIV.
7. How is AIDS transferred from an infected individual to a healthy person?
REFERENCES
www.teenshealth.org/teen/sexual-health
http://www.kiddyhouse.com/Themes/frogs/
45
Chapter-10
Reaching the Age of Adolescence
Let’s Learn
Animals reproduce only after growing up to a certain age. Some

changes take place in human body after which a person becomes capable of
reproduction. Endocrine glands release hormones into the bloodstream to
reach the target site. Changes in the body are stimulated at onset of puberty.
Find out
Question – Many diseases are caused and spread by sexual contact. They are called as sexually
transmitted diseases. The most dangerous of these is AIDS. Find out if any of the efforts of scientists
have been successful to find a cure or vaccine for AIDS.
Level – 1
1. Define the following terms:
(a) Menstruation -
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
(b) Menarche
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
2. What do you understand by puberty?
46
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. Discuss the changes in the voice of boys and girls during adolescence.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
4. What are the functions of pituitary gland?

____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
Level-2
5. What will happen if the water in which tadpoles are growing does not contain sufficient iodine?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
6. Explain what determines the sex of a baby?

____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
7. What are sex hormones? Why are they named so?

____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
Level-3
8. Many adolescent boys look awkward and disproportionate. Why is that so?
____________________________________________________________________________
47
____________________________________________________________________________
9. Why do adolescents often find themselves confused and insecure?

____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
10. What does adrenal gland secrete? How does it help our body?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
1. To calculate the height a child might eventually reach.(Act. 10.2)

2. Importance of consuming iodised salt (Act. 10.3)
QUESTION BANK
1. Why do adolescents commonly suffer from body odour, pimples and acne?
2. Why is iodine essential for metamorphosis to take place properly?
3. How does the endocrine system control body processes?
4. Drugs are harmful at all ages. Why do we then specially emphasise that adolescents should
avoid drugs?
5. Explain what determines the sex of a baby.
REFERENCES
1. www.teenshealth.org/teen/sexual_health/
2. www.adolescenthealth.com
48
Chapter-11
Force and Pressure
Let’s Learn
Pushes and pulls are forces. A force arises due to the interaction
between two objects. Some forces act on objects only when they are in contact
with the body. Some other forces can also act on objects which are not in
contact. Force acting on an object may cause change in state of motion, speed,
shape and direction of motion. The force acting on a unit area of a surface is
called pressure.
Find out
Question - Newton invented the mirror telescope. Find out with another mathematician Leibniz,
which other very important branch of mathematics he worked for.
Level – 1
Q1. Name the force responsible to hold a satellite in its orbit around the earth. Give one more example
of it
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Q2.Name the force responsible for raising our body hair when we try to take off a terylene or polyester
shirt in dry weather. Give one more example of the same.
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
49
Q3. Define contact and non – contact force. Also give an example of each.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q4. Write the effects of force, giving two examples of each effect.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Level - 2
Q5. Explain why porters place a round piece of cloth on their head when they have to carry a heavy
load.
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Q6. Why is it easier to cut an apple using a sharp knife than a blunt one?
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Q7. Why shoulder bags are provided with broad straps and not thin straps?
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
50
Q8. Describe an activity to show that liquid exerts pressure on the bottom of its container.
________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Q9. What happens when you open the mouth of an inflated balloon?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q10. Why are our bodies not crushed under the weight of atmospheric pressure.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Level -3
Q11. In a plastic bottle, four holes are drilled all around near the bottom of the bottle, at a same height
from the bottom. When the bottle is filled with water, streams of water start coming out of the bottle
and fall at same distance from the base of the bottle. What does it indicate? What would have
happened if the holes were drilled at different heights from the base of the bottle? Show by drawing a
diagram.
________________________________________________________________________________ _
51
________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

To study magnetic force, electrostatic force
To show that liquids exert pressure on the walls of containers(Act. 11.6)
QUESTION BANK
1. If you press a rubber sucker on a rough surface, it does not stick to the surface. Why?
2. If you use a stick to push an object, the muscular force acting on an object is a noncontact force
since your body is not in contact with the object. True or False? Explain.
3. How does the pressure exerted by a liquid change with depth?
4. How is pressure related to the area over which a force acts?
5. Why can’t we dive more than about 120m. in water?
REFERENCES
Kids.earth.nasa.gov/archive/air _pressure/ http://www.exploratorium.edu/ronh/weight/
52
Chapter-12
Friction
Let’s Learn
You might have seen an object moving over the surface of another
object slows down when no external force is applied on it. Finally it stops. The
force responsible for changing the state of motion of objects is called force of
friction. Friction opposes the relative motion between two surfaces in contact.
It acts on both the surfaces
Find out
Question –Tyres of ordinary cars have grooves to increase friction with the road, so that the car does
not skid on the road. Find out how are the tyres of racing cars made and what are they called.
Level -1
Q1. What factors affect friction? Explain with examples.

____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Q2. What is the cause of friction? Explain with the help of a labelled diagram.
____________________________________________________________________________________
53
____________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Q3. What is meant by ‘rolling friction’?

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Level - 2
Q4. Explain, why it is easier to drag a mat on floor when nobody is sitting on it but much more difficult
to drag the same mat when a person is sitting on it.
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Q5. Which type of surfaces produce (a) least friction, and (b) too much friction?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Q6. What is the direction of force of friction acting on a moving object
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
Q7. What kind of friction comes into play :
a) When a block of wood kept on table moves slowly.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
54
b) When a block of wood kept on table just tends to move (or slip).
__________________________________________________________________________
c) When a block of wood kept on cylindrical iron rods moves.
___________________________________________________________________________
Q8. Out of sliding friction, static friction & rolling friction:
(a) Which one is the smallest?
___________________________________________________________________________
(b) Which one is the largest?
________________________________________________________________________
Q9. Explain why, sliding friction is lesser than static friction.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Q10. Fill in the blanks:
(a) Sprinkling of powder on the carom board ………………. friction.
(b) Ball bearings reduce friction because they …………………rather than slide.
Q11. Cross-Word puzzle.
Hints
(1) Force which opposes motion

(2) The device used to measure the force
acting on an object.
(3) The substances which reduce friction.
(4) The frictional force exerted by fluids.
(5) The resistance to friction when a body rolls
over the surface of another body.
55
Level- 3
Q12. A car is moving towards North. What will be the direction of force of friction acting
on this car due to the surface of road?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Q13. When a pencil cell is released from a certain point on an inclined wooden board, it
travels a distance of 35 cm on floor A before it comes to rest. When the same pencil
cell is released from the same point on the same inclined board, it travels a distance
of 20 cm on floor B before coming to rest. Which floor, A or B, offers greater
friction? Give reason for your answer.
______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Q14. Two men tried to push a heavy box and could not succeed. Finally wheels were fitted to
the box & now a single man could move it. Give reasons.
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Q15. Why does a matchstick light when we strike it on a rough surface?
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________

To study friction caused by jute cloth/ plastic sheet (Act.12.2)
QUESTION BANK
1. Imagine that friction suddenly vanishes. How would life be affected. List five such situations.
2. Why are strolls fitted with rollers?
3. Can we reduce friction to zero?
4. If you try to hold a glass with oil on your hands, it tends to slip. Why?
56
5. On what principle do ball bearings work?
REFERENCES
http/ /hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/firct2.html
http://www.fearofphysics.com/Friction/friction.html
57
Chapter-13
Sound
Let’s Learn
How can you make out that someone is approaching you by just
hearing the foot steps? It is sound, which is produced by vibrating objects .
Each sound has its own characteristics. It is because of these that we recognize
different sounds. Sound helps us to communicate.
Find out
Question – The principle of reflection of sound is used in an instrument called the SONAR which is
used to find the depth of the sea at any place. Find the full form of SONAR and how bats use this
technique to ’see’ at night and to detect and catch insects.
Level - 1
Q.1 Answer the following questions:
(i) How is sound produced?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
(ii) How do we hear sound?
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
58
(iii) Why are some sounds louder than others?
________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
(iv) Name three musical instruments which have different types of vibrating parts
________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
(iv) Define the following terms:
(a) Amplitude
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
(b) Time period
_________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
(c) Frequency
__________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
Level – 2
Q.2 Explain the statement “Sound needs medium for propagation”.
_______ ____________________________________________________________________________
59
____________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
Q3. How are amplitude and loudness related?
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q4. If the sound of a child and an adult are equally loud, then how do they differ? Explain.
___________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Q5. A drum and a whistle produce different types of sounds. Why?
__________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Q6. What is noise pollution? Write at least two measures which have to be taken to limit noise
pollution.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Level – 3
Q7. Light travels faster than sound. Explain this statement by giving an example.
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
Q8. What is hearing impairment? How can society help a child with hearing impairment?
_________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Q9. A gong of a bell oscillates 20 times in 4 seconds. What is its time period and frequency?
60
___________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Q10. Voices of men, women and children are different from each other. Why?
___________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q11. Why is use of loudspeakers for advertisement purposes banned?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Q12. What is the unit of loudness?
________________________________________________________________________
Q13. What are the harms of noise pollution?

________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Q14. How can noise pollution be controlled in the residential area?
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______ ________________________________________________________________________
Q15. Draw a well labeled diagram of human internal ear. List the function of the following:
61
Pinna-__________________________________________________________________________
Eardrum-__________________________________________________________________________
Cochlea-____________________________________________________________________________
Auditory nerve-______________________________________________________________________
Semi circular canal-___________________________________________________________________
Q16. In which medium is the speed of sound maximum- air, water or steel? Why?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
Q17. Explain the structure of larynx with the help of a diagram.
Diagram Explanation
62
Sound produced by rubber band (Act. 13.2)
QUESTION BANK
1. What is meant by echo?
2. We should never put any hard or sharp thing inside our ear. Why?
3. How does a loudspeaker make sound louder?
4. What is the audible frequency range for a dog and a cat?
5. In which medium is the speed of sound maximum- air, water or steel?
REFERENCES
www.tempro/com/articles/hearing.html
health.howstuffworks.com/hearing.htm
63
Chapter-14
Chemical effects of electric current
Let’s Learn
Just as some of the solids conduct electricity, in the same way, some
of the liquids also conduct electricity. There are, however, some important
differences in the conduction of electricity by solids (such as metals) and
liquids (such as solutions of acids, bases and salts). In solids, electricity is
carried by electrons but in liquids, electricity is carried by ions.
Find out
Question – The disposal of the used conducting solution which is a polluting

waste, is a major concern in commercial electroplating units. Find out how they
dispose off the chemicals they discard.
Level - 1
i) Electric current:
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
ii) Electrolyte:
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
64
iii) Electrode:
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
iv) Electrolysis:
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Q2. What is an electric circuit?
____________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Q3. When do we say that the cell is dead?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Q4. What do you mean by electroplating? List any four electroplated things that you use
in day to day life.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Q5. What is the full form of LED and CFL.
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Level -2
Q6. Why is it advised not to join the free ends of a tester for more than a few seconds, while
checking the conductivity of a liquid.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
65
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Q7. “Electric current produces magnetic effect.” Justify this statement by an activity
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
Q8. Draw a circuit diagram to show how an LED should be connected to a battery.
Q9. Give reason for the following:
(a) We should never handle electrical appliances with wet hands or while standing on a wet floor.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
(b) We should wash and wipe the ends of tester after testing each liquid.
_________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Q10. Which is a better conductor of electricity – tap water or sea water? Give a suitable
reason in support of your answer.
__________________________________________________________________________________
66
___________________________________________________________________________________
Q11. What are the three effects of electric current? Give one example each where these
effects may be seen.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Q12. Name two ways by which weak electric current can be detected.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Level – 3
Q13. You have a silver necklace which you want to get electroplated with gold. You
connected the necklace to the positive terminal and a strip of gold to the negative terminal
of the battery. On passing current will you get success in coating the necklace with gold ?
Give reasons for your answer.
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Q14.We should not try to put out a fire in an electrical appliance by pouring water on it. Why?
__________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
Q15. Instead of taking trouble of electroplating metals for making car parts, taps etc., why
are these objects not made of chromium itself?
67
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
Q16. Mercury is a liquid and conducts electricity. Do you think it is an electrolyte.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
Q17. Name any three liquids which when tested in the manner shown in figure given below may
cause the magnetic needle of compass to deflect.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

Making tester (Act. 14.2)
QUESTION BANK
1. What are the health concerns associated with chromium electroplating?
2. What are semiconductors? Where are they used?
3. Why is zinc electroplated on iron?
4. Solid copper sulphate does not conduct electricity, but when it is dissolved in water, it does
conduct electricity. Why?
5. What happens when electricity is passed through tap water?
REFERENCES
http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/led.htmhttp://home.howstuffworks.com/que
stion236.htm
68
Chapter-15
Some Natural Phenomena
Let’s Learn
Lightning and earthquake are two destructive natural phenomena

which can cause a lot of damage to human life and property. Lightning is an
electric spark on a huge scale which is caused by the accumulation of electric
charges in the clouds. The tectonic plates of earth’s lithosphere float over the
hot magma below. When these plates collide, the plates slide over each other
sending shock waves of energy in all directions. When these waves reach the
surface, they are felt as earthquakes. Earthquakes cannot be predicted.
Find out
Question – Buildings should be made quake safe by constructing them according

to quake proof norms. Find out the latest earthquake resistant building bye-laws
according to which architects are required to design your building.
Project work on Some Natural Phenomena

As students of Science and as conscious citizens, doing a project on Some Natural Phenomena is going
to give you a first-hand experience and opportunity to get yourself familiarise not only with the
meaning, factors, etc. of disasters but also to learn the essentials of disaster preparedness and ways to
collect relevant information pertaining to disasters and its effective dissemination.
Activity 1
Make a project on earthquake prone areas in India – causes, impact on life and property seismic zones ,
mitigation strategies used to reduce the impact in earthquake prone areas.
Activity 2
Collect information on the story of lightning– finding a safe place, Do’s and Don’ts during a
thunderstorm(inside and outside the house), Lightning Conductors
69
GUIDELINES FOR THE PROJECT
a. Project to be done on A-4 size sheet.
b. It should be handwritten, informative and attractive.
c. Make a collage on the topic “ Natural Phenomenon “ using pictures from Newspapers and magazines .
d. On the first page student Performa to be given- Name, Class, Roll no., date of submission and topic.
e. Acknowledgement
f. Content or Index
g. At the last Bibliography or references
Level - 1
Q1. What should be the nature of the charges if two bodies are rubbed against each other?
________________________________________________________________________________
Q2. What is an electric discharge?
______ _______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Q3. How would you measure an earthquake?
_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Q4. Write the meaning of the following terms:
i) Seismic zone
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
ii) Epicenter
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
iii) Earthing
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
70
Level - 2
Q5. To test if the body is charged or not, bring it near a positively charged body
and negatively charged body, one by one and observe it. What would you conclude
if the body is?
(i) attracted by both .
______________________________________________________________________
(ii) repelled by the positively charged body.
______________________________________________________________________
(iii) repelled by the negatively charged body.

__________________________________________________________________________
Q6. Explain the principle that is used to make electroscope.
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
Q7. List at least four precautions that should be taken if you are caught in an earthquake.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q8. How can tall buildings be protected from the damage caused by lightning?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
71
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q9. What is lightning? Explain how does it happen.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
Q10. What is an earthquake? Write at least two causes of earthquake.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Q11. What is a seismograph? How does it work?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
REFERENCES
science.howstuffworks.com/lightning.htm
http://www.thetech.org/exhibits_events/online/quake
72
Chapter-16
Light
Let’s Learn
The world is largely known through the senses. The sense of sight is
one of the most important senses. Light is needed to see things around us. We
can see an object only when light reflected from an object enters our eyes.
Reflection is the phenomenon in which light, on striking a surface changes its
direction and is thrown back into the same medium.
Find out
Question – Your eyes are your most important sense organ. You must take all
precautions to protect them. Find out how can you prevent problems related to eyes
by making changes in your diet.
Level - 1
Q1. What is reflection of light?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
Q2. Define and interpret the following terms in a ray diagram:
73
(i) Incident ray
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
(ii) Reflected ray

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
(iii) Normal at the point of incidence
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
(iv) Angle of incidence
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
(v) Angle of reflection

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Q3. What is lateral inversion? How is this phenomenon useful in our routine life? Explain.
____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Q4. Which principle is used in the making of a kaleidoscope?
74
____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Q5. What are the characteristics of the image formed by a plane mirror?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
Q6. Who discovered a system of 63 dot patterns which helped visually challenged persons to read
and write?
_________________________________________________________________________________
Level – 2
Q7. Label the following diagram.
Q8. Survey your neighbourhood. Find out how many children below the age of 12
years use spectacles. Find out from their parents what, in their view, could be the reason
for the weak eyesight of their children.
__________________________________________________________________________________
75
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q9. Explain why night birds like owl can see very well in night but not during the day.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Level – 3
Q10. Two mirrors R and T meet at an angle of 1200. A ray of light is incident on mirror T
at point S and forms an angle of 450with the mirror. This ray after reflection strikes mirror
R at point U. What is the angle of reflection at point U. Draw the ray diagram.
Q11. In the given picture height of the tree is 10m. What will be the value of ‘h’.
76
______________________________________________________________________________
Q12. A 70 years old man has a foggy eyesight. Doctors diagnosed that he has
cataract. What are the reasons due to which cataract arises?
_______________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Q13. A child was holding a model of English alphabet ‘E’ in his left hand . When
he stood in front of a plane mirror, he observes his image formed in the plane
mirror. How will the image of the alphabet appear in the mirror? Why?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
Q14. A chair is kept at a distance of 2m from the plane mirror. A man is standing a
distance of 5m from the mirror as shown in picture. At what distance, image of
the object is formed from the eye of the man? Show calculations also.
____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
Q15. What is meant by persistence of vision? State its one application.
77
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
Q16. Why is too little or too much light bad for our eyes?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
First Law of reflection(Act. 16.1)
QUESTION BANK
1. Why do so many children of your age are using spectacles now-a-days?
2. If all objects around us were to reflect light in a regular way, what problems might we
face?
3. Can the image formed by a plane mirror be projected onto a screen?
4. What is the function of a periscope in a submarine?
5. Which law determines the direction of the reflected ray from a plane mirror?
REFERENCES
www.glenbrook.k1 2.il.us/gbssci/phys/mmedia/optics/ifpm.html.
http://www.tooter4kids.com/Light_color/reflection_activities.htm
78
Chapter-17
Stars and the Solar System
Let’s Learn
Night sky watching can be a fascinating experience at a place wherethere

are no bright lights and the atmosphere is clear. Have you ever done this? If yes,
you must have seen the entire sky dotted with countless stars, some bright and
some not so bright. Some stars twinkle and some star like objects do not twinkle.
Find out
Question – Artificial satellites are used in TV transmission. Find out how signals are
received on the earth. If the TV satellite keeps revolving around the earth, its position
changes all the time. It will then not be possible to use it for TV transmission. How is
this problem solved?
ACTIVITY 1:
Look at the given picture and answer the following questions:
79
(a) What do you understand by phases of the moon?
(b)Write down the various shapes of the moon.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
ACTIVITY 2
The solar system comprises of various heavenly bodies. They have different names in different
languages. Find out the Sanskrit, French and Japanese names of the following and fill the table:
HEAVENLY BODIES SANSKRIT NAME FRENCH NAME JAPNESE NAME

SUN
MARS
EARTH
MERCURY
SATURN
VENUS
ACTIVITY 3
Most of the planets of the Solar System have natural satellites for example moon is the Natural satellite
of the Earth. Complete the given chart by filling in the number of natural satellites of the given planets.
80
S.NO. NAME OF PLANET NO. OF NATURAL
SATELLITE
1. MERCURY
2. VENUS
3. EARTH
4. MARS
5. JUPITER
6. SATURN
7. URANUS
8. NAPTUNE
Level – 1
1. What is meant by celestial objects? Name any three celestial objects.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Why it is difficult to observe planet mercury?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. Which satellite was first sent into space by India?
______________________________________________________________________________
Level-2
4. When does a comet become visible to us?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
5. Give four ways in which stars are different from planets?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
81
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
6. What causes the phases of moon?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
7. What do you mean by a light year?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
8. Can we hear any sound on moon? Why?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
9. Why is Pluto not considered a planet now?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
10. What is meant by remote sensing?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
REFERENCES
Htpp://www.windows2universe.org/mythology/stars.html
82
Chapter-18
Pollution of Air and Water
Let’s Learn
Air and water are the major resources of the earth and are essential
for life. Water is a renewable resource because it is recycled naturally in the
environment. Air is an extremely important resource for the entire living
world. The harmful substances called pollutants make air and water unfit for
humans, animals, plants and environment.
Find out
Question - Air pollution has a harmful impact on the living organisms as well as
on non- living components of the environment. Media regularly reports on the
falling quality of air at AnandVihar. Find out why the quality of air is so poor at
AnandVihar?
Q.1 Define the following terms:

(a) Air Pollution
__________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
(b) Pollutants
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
(c) Smog
83
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
(d) Green house effect
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
(e) Global warming

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
(f) Acid rain

________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
(g) Marble cancer
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
(h) Water pollution

____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
(i) Potable water
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
(j) Chlorination
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q2. How is Delhi Metro helping in reducing air pollution?
84
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Q3. Smog is more harmful in winter. Why?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Q4. State the harmful effects of burning ‘Parali’ in the crop fields.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Q5. Why is the flow of the river Ganges very slow at Kanpur?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Q6. Hot water can also be a pollutant. Explain how it effects aquatic animals.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
REFERENCES
www.edugreen.teri.res.in/explore/air/air.htmcoe.mse.ac.in/kids
water.asp
85
Test yourself-1
SECTION – A
Q1. Organic manure is considered better than fertilisers. Give two reasons in (1)
support of your answer.
Q2. State two precautions that we should take before storing grains. (1)
Q3. Name a common chemical preservative used to prevent spoilage of jams and (1)
squashes.
SECTION – B
Q4. What are the two advantages of using modern methods of irrigation? Name two (2)
such methods.
Q5. You want to grow gram seeds in a cup for a school activity. Explain how will (2)
you select healthy seeds for sowing. Name two major nutrients that are
required for the healthy growth of plants.
Q6. ‘P’ is made of dead and weakened microorganisms and is given to protect (2)
children from diseases. ‘P’ for a disease ‘Q’ is given to children in the form of
drops. ‘P’ when enters the body produces suitable ‘R’ to fight against the
infection. Identify ‘P’, ‘Q’ and ‘R’. Also, write who discovered ‘P’.
SECTION – C
Q7. (a) Explain two methods used to replenish the nutrients in the soil naturally. (2+1)
(b) Name two Rabi crops.
Q8. Explain how is malaria spread. List two measures that help to avoid the spread (1+ 2)
of malaria.
SECTION – D
Q9. (a) Why is it necessary to sow seeds at proper distance and depth? (1)
86
(b) Identify the following: (2)
(c) Atmosphere has 78% nitrogen gas. It is used by plants and animals. Then (2)
how is this percentage maintained in atmosphere. Explain the process in detail.
Test yourself-2
SECTION – A
Q1. Why do we add manure to the fields? State two reasons. (1)
Q2. State two precautions that we should take before sowing seeds in the field. (1)
Q3. Name two common substances used to prevent spoilage of pickles. (1)
SECTION – B
Q4. How is soil prepared before sowing seeds? Also name any two equipment used (2)
in this process.
Q5. Soham saw some differently looking plants in his field have growing with the (2)
main crop. He uprooted the plants. Why is it necessary to remove these plants?
State one other method of getting rid of these plants.
Q6. Category ‘W’ of medicines kill or stop the growth of pathogens. ‘X’ is an (2)
example of ‘W’. State any two precautions we should remember while taking
‘W’. Identify ‘W’ and ‘X’.
87
SECTION – C
Q7. (a) What are the two advantages of using a seed drill? (2+1)
(b) Name two kharif crops.
Q8. What are carriers of a disease? Give two examples of carriers. Explain how can (1+ 2)
we control the growth of carriers.
SECTION – D
Q9. (a) Why is it necessary to water the plants at regular intervals? (1)
(b) Identify the following: (2)
(c) Atmosphere has 78% nitrogen gas. Plants and animals use it for various (2)
life processes. Then, how is this percentage maintained in atmosphere.
Explain the process in detail.
88
Test yourself-3
SECTION – A
Q1. Why is Rayon known as artificial silk? (1)
Q2. Why is it not advised to wear synthetic clothes during summers? (1)
Q3. Metals react with oxygen to form metal oxide. What is the nature of metal (1)
oxides? How will you confirm the nature?
SECTION – B
Q4. Study the given flowchart and identify K, L, M and N from the given list of (2)
materials.
Wood, Polythene, Acrylic , Peels of vegetables
Q5. What is polyester? Give two examples. (2)
Q6. (a) What happens when Copper utensils are exposed to moist air for a long (2)
period?
(b) When metals react with acids a gas is evolved. How will you find out and
89
confirm which gas is evolved in this reaction?
SECTION – C
Q7. (a) Given below is a list of polymers. (1+2)
Nylon, Bakellite, Teflon, Melamine

Select the polymer that is used to make a coating on the inner surface of frying
pans. Give a suitable reason for your choice.
(b) As a responsible citizen what measures do you suggest to keep public places
clean and free from plastic?
Q8. (a) An Iron nail is kept in a beaker containing solution of copper sulphate for (3)
30 minutes. What changes you are likely to observe? Explain the reaction
with the help of a chemical equation.
(b) Will the reaction occur if copper turnings are kept in iron sulphate?
Why/ Why not?
SECTION – D
Q9. (a) Give example to indicate that nylon is a very strong fibre. (1)
(b) Give a reason: (4)

(i) Why do we store phosphorus in water?
(ii) Copper does not react with dilute hydrochloric acid but it reacts
with sulphuric acid.
(iii) Aluminium foils are used to wrap food items.
(iv) Electrical wires are made of metals.
90
Test yourself-4
SECTION – A
Q1. Why is Nylon used to make climbing ropes and parachutes? (1)
Q2. Why it is not advised to wear synthetic clothes while working in kitchen? (1)
Q3. Non metals react with oxygen to form non metal oxides. What is the nature of (1)
non metal oxides? How will you confirm the nature?
SECTION – B
Q4. Study the given flowchart and identify K, L, M and N from the given list of (2)
materials.
Wood, Melamine, Bakellite, Paper
Q5. How is rayon made? State two uses of rayon. (2)
Q6. (a) What happens when Iron Grills are exposed to moist air for a long (2)
period?
(b) When metals react with bases a gas is evolved. How will you find out
and confirm which gas is evolved in this reaction?
SECTION – C
91
Q7. (a) Given below is a list of fabrics. (1+ 2)
Acrylic, Polyester, Silk, Rayon

Select the fabric that you will buy to make blankets, sweaters or shawls. Give a
suitable reason for your choice.
(b) As a responsible citizen what measures do you suggest to keep public places
clean and free from plastic?
Q8. (a) Few zinc granules are kept in a beaker containing solution of copper sulphate (3)
for 30 minutes. What changes you are likely to observe? Explain the reaction
with the help of a chemical equation.
(b) Will the reaction take place if copper turnings are placed in zinc
sulphate solution? Why/ Why not?
SECTION – D
Q9. (a) Give examples to indicate that plastics are bad conductors of electricity. (1)
(b) Give a reason: (4)

(i) Sodium is stored in kerosene oil.
(ii) Lemon pickle cannot be stored in aluminium container.
(iii) Immersion rods for heating liquids are made of metallic substances.
(iv) There is a slight loss in the weight of gold jewellery, when polished
by goldsmith.
92
Test yourself-5
SECTION – A
Q1. Define the term ‘Adolescence’. (1)
Q2. Study the given relationship and identify ‘X’. (1)

Thyroxin : Thyroid :: X : Ovary
Q3. Force exerted by boy A and boy B are the examples of (1)
(a)_______________and (b)______________respectively.
SECTION – B
Q4. List at least four changes that can be observed in males at Puberty (2)
Q5. Analyze the following table and identify P, Q, R and S. (2)
Name of the hormone Endocrine gland Function

Adrenalin Adrenal P
Q Pituitary Gland R
Insulin S Controls the level of
sugar in blood.
Q6. List two changes that an unbalanced force can bring. (2)
SECTION – C
Q7. (a) Given below are some statements. Categorize these statements as myths and (2+1)
facts.
(i) A mother is responsible for the sex of the baby.
(ii) All young boys and girls should take walks, exercise and play outdoor
games.
93
(iii) If a person infected with HIV shakes hands with a healthy person, the
virus can be transmitted.
(iv) Drugs may give relief for some time but these harm the body in the long
run.
(b) What do you mean by Menarche?
Q8. (a) Define the term: Muscular Force. (3)
(b) Identify the type of force acting in the following situations.

(i) When an inflated balloon is pressed against wall after it has been rubbed
with a piece of synthetic cloth, it sticks on the wall.
(ii) A rolling ball stops after covering a certain distance.
(c) Explain why porters place a round piece of cloth on their heads when they
carry heavy load.
SECTION – D
Q9. (a) How will you prove that liquids exert equal pressure at equal heights? (2)
(b) When does a zygote develop into a female baby? (1)
(c) A force of 2000 N is applied perpendicularly on a surface of area 15m2. (1)

Calculate the pressure generated.
(d) Explain why it is easier to cut an apple using a sharp knife instead of a blunt (1)
one.
Test yourself-6
SECTION – A
Q1. Define the term ‘Menstruation’. (1)
Q2. Study the given relationship and identify ‘X’. (1)

Adrenalin : Adrenal :: X : testes
Q3. Force exerted by Ravi and Suresh are the examples of _______________and (1)
______________respectively.
94
SECTION – B
Q4. List at least four changes that can be observed in females at Puberty (2)
Q5. Analyze the following table and identify P, Q, R and S. (2)
Name of the hormone Endocrine gland Function

Thyroxin Thyroid P
Q Ovary R
Insulin S Controls the level of
sugar in blood.
Q6. List two changes that an unbalanced force can bring. (2)
SECTION – C
Q7. (a) Given below are some statements. Categorize these statements as myths and (2+1)
facts.
(i) A girl should not be allowed to work in the kitchen during menstruation.
(ii) Girls should not take part in physical activities as they are weak.
(iii)Legal age for marriage is 18 years for girls and 21 years for boys.
(iv) HIV can be transmitted to an infant from the infected mother through her
milk.
(b) What do you mean by Menopause?
Q8. (a) Define the term: Gravitational Force. (3)
(b) Identify the type of force acting in the following situations.

(i) When a scale is rubbed with dry hair, it starts attracting small bits of
paper.
(ii) A moving boat stops when we stop rowing it.
95
(c) Explain why shoulder bags are provided with broad straps and not thin
straps.
SECTION – D
Q9. (a) How will you prove that liquids exert pressure on the walls of the container? (2)
(b) When does a zygote develop into a male baby? (1)
(c) A force of 35000 N is applied perpendicularly on a surface of area (1)

70m2. Calculate the pressure generated.
(d) Explain why our bodies are not crushed due to the action of (1)
atmospheric pressure.
Test yourself-7
SECTION – A
Q1. Why is it easier to drag a mat when nobody is sitting on it while it difficult to (1)
do the same when a person is sitting on it?
Q2. Why is rolling friction less than sliding friction? (1)
Q3. In which medium will the speed of sound be maximum – air, water and wood? (1)
Give a reason for your choice.
SECTION – B
Q4. (i) Given below are some methods for either reducing friction or (2)
increasing friction. Select the ones that will reduce friction.
(a) Applying oil between the parts of machinery
(b) Rubbing mud or sand on the hands
(c) Sprinkling powder on carom board
(d) Covering a glass bottle with jute cloth while opening it.
(e) Removing wheels from a luggage
(ii) ‘Friction is a friend as well as a foe’. Give one example to prove

this statement.
Q5. How do streamlined shape help the objects to move in fluids? State the factors (2)
96
on which drag depends.
Q6. A gong of a bell oscillates 45 times in 5 seconds. What is its time period and (2)
frequency?
SECTION – C
Q7. (a) What happens when we apply lubricants between the parts of machinery? (1+2)
(b) Sumit has three similar balls. He rolls these balls on three different surfaces.
Surface A covered with sand, Surface B covered with covered with newspaper
and surface C covered with polythene. On which surface will the ball cover
maximum distance? Give a reason for your answer.
Q8. Give a reason for the following: (3)

(a) Voice of females is shriller as compared to that of males.
(b) We should never put sharp objects inside our ear.
(c) Playing loud music after 10:00 pm is banned.
SECTION – D
Q9. (a) Name the device that is used to measure magnitude of force. (1)
(b) Given below is a diagram of internal structure of human ear. Identify the (4)
parts labelled A, B, C and D. Also, write the function of ‘C’
97
Test yourself-8
SECTION – A
Q1. Why is it easier to push an empty box while it is difficult to do the same when (1)
the same box is filled with heavy objects?
Q2. Why is sliding friction less than static friction? (1)
Q3. In which medium will the speed of sound be maximum – air, water and steel? (1)
SECTION – B
Q4. (i) Given below are some methods for either reducing friction or increasing (2)
friction. Select the ones that will increase friction.
a. Rubbing oil or Vaseline on the hands
b. Spreading sand on marble floor
c. Applying grease between the parts of machinery
d. Wearing skating shoes instead of regular shoes.
e. Removing wheels from a luggage
(ii) ‘Friction is a necessary evil’. Give one example to prove this statement.
Q5. Why do objects moving in water have special shape? State the factors on which (2)
drag depends.
Q6. A gong of a bell oscillates 70 times in 15 seconds. What is its time period and (2)
frequency?
SECTION – C
Q7. (a) A match stick catches fire on rubbing on a rough surface. Give a reason. (1+2)
(b) Suresh has three similar balls. He rolls these balls on three different surfaces.
Surface A covered with oil, Surface B covered with covered with mud and
surface C covered with newspaper. On which surface will the ball cover
98
maximum distance? Give a reason for your answer.

a. Use of loud speakers is banned in residential areas.
b. Voice of bird is shriller as compared to that of lion.
c. Some sounds are inaudible to human ear.
SECTION – D
Q9. (a) Name the device that is used to measure magnitude of force. (1)
(b) Given below is a diagram of internal structure of human ear. Identify the (4)
parts labelled A, B, C and D. Also, write the function of ‘A’
Test yourself-9
SECTION-A
Q1. What should be done to meet the food requirement of the large number of people of our (1)
country?
Q2. Name the following: (1)

(a) An organism that helps in nitrogen fixation.
(b) An organism that helps in setting curd.
Q3. How are viruses different from other micro organisms? (1)
99
Q4. Why are switch boards, plugs and handles of utensils are made of bakellite? (1)
Q5. Write one use each of bitumen and kerosene. (1)
Q6. How are tribals dependent on forest? (1)
Q7. Why do plants need extra protection? How has nature provided them with this extra (1)
protection?
Q8. Identify the following parts of a cell: (1)
(a) Structure that controls all the activities of the cell.

(b) Structures that carry characters from parents to offspring.
Q9. (a) At which stage of development, all the organs of an unborn baby can be identified? (1)
(b) Why is identifying the sex of an unborn baby banned in India?
Q10. What is the full form of IVF? (1)
SECTION-B
Q11. (a) Identify the two methods of irrigation shown in the pictures A and B (2)
(b) Is method B, a suitable method for irrigating the fields with sandy soil. Why/Why
not?
Q12. Shyam has a bag full of Urea and another bag full of Vermicompost. Which of these should (2)
he add to his field for the better growth of his leguminous plants. Give atleast two reasons
in support of your answer.
Q13. Explain any two methods of food preservation with the help of examples. (2)
Q14. “Prevention is better than cure.” Give two examples in support of this statement. (2)
Q15. State two disadvantages of synthetic fibres. (2)

Q16. Observe the given circuit: (2)
100
(a) Will the bulb glow, if a silver wire replaces iron nail? Give a reason for your answer.
(b) Which material will you use to replace the iron nail so that the bulb does not glow?
Q17. Two paper cups ‘A’ and ‘B’ are heated on a candle flame as shown in the picture. Cup ‘A’ (2)
contains water while cup ‘B’ is empty. Which of these cups will catch fire quickly. Give a
reason in support of your answer.
Q18. Recently our honourable Prime Minister Mr. Narendra Modi shared screen space with (2)
celebrity host Bear Grylls on Man vs Wild. This show was telecasted to promote awareness
on animal conservation and environment change. Is animal conservation, such an important
issue that PM of a country like India has to work himself on it to make people aware. Give
relevant reasons in support of your answer.
Q19. Differentiate between eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Also, give one example of each. (2)
Q20. Observe the picture shown below. (2)

(a) Identify the parts labelled A, B and C, write in the answer sheet.
(b) In which female reproductive organ is the embryo embedded?
101
SECTION-C
Q21. (a) Observe the given G.O. and identify ‘P’, ‘Q’ and ‘R’. (1.5+
1.5)
(b) What is winnowing? How is it different from threshing?
Q22. (a) Microorganisms are beneficial in many ways. State any two fields where (3)
microorganisms are used commercially.
(b) Identify the organism shown in the picture. Which disease spreads due to this organism?
Suggest two measures, which we should take to prevent its growth.
Q23. (a) The picture shown below depicts the segregation of dry and wet waste. Observe this (3)
picture and find out what is wrong in it.
(b) ‘Segregation of waste is the need of the hour.’ Enlist two points to support this
statement.
(a) People prefer to use plastic buckets instead of iron or aluminium.
102
(b) Plastics have extensive use in health care industry.
(c) Nylon is used to make bristles of toothbrush.
Q25. (a) How will you protect your copper utensils from corrosion? (3)
(b) Compare the chemical reactions of magnesium and sulphur with oxygen. How do these
elements show different behavior?
Q26. (a) Explain the process of formation of petroleum. (3)

(b) Why is petroleum known as ‘Black Gold’?
Q27. (a) Why we cannot prepare petroleum and natural gas in laboratory? (3)
(b) Why should we ensure regular maintenance of our vehicles?
Q28. (a) In an experiment 2.5kg of a fuel was completely burnt. The heat produced was (3)
measured to be 2,00,000kJ. Calculate the calorific value of the fuel.
(b) Why water cannot be used to control fires involving electrical equipment?
Q29. Why should paper be saved? Write at least two steps that you will take as an individual to (3)
save paper.
Q30. Differentiate between the following by giving one contrasting point. (3)
(a) Endemic species and Endangered species.
(b) Flora and Fauna
(c) Zoo and wild life sanctuary
SECTION-D
Q31. Amit had four beakers A, B, C and D. He took 50 mL aqueous solution of different salts (5)
in each beaker as indicated in the table below. While studying the chemical properties of
different metals, he made the following table. Analyze the table, identify W, X, Y and Z.
Write the chemical equation for the reaction taking place in Beaker A. Which Type of
reactions are
these
Bea Beakers
S Aqueous mM Metal object placed C Change in Product
solution in the beaker colour
Beaker Copper Zinc granules Turns W
A Sulphate colourless
Beaker Copper X Turns Iron Sulphate

B Sulphate Green
Beaker Iron Sulphate Zinc granules Y Zinc Sulphate

C
Beaker Iron Sulphate Z No -----------------

D Change
103
Q32. (a) Draw a well labelled diagram of a candle flame. (2+1+
(b) Which zone of a flame does a goldsmith use for melting gold and why? 1+1+1
(c) Explain how CO2 is able to control fires. )
(d) An engine running on fuel A for 100 km emits 22kg of carbon dioxide, while covering
the same distance on fuel B it emits only 16.3 kg of carbon dioxide. Read the information
given in the table below and identify the better fuel. Give a reason in support of your
answer.
S.n Characteristics Fuel A Fuel B
o.
1. Rate Rs.65/kg Rs.40/kg
2. Calorific Value 10939 kcal/kg 12500 kcal/kg
Q33. (a) Draw a neat diagram of cells observed in onion peel. Label any two parts. (3+1+
(b) State one precaution that you should take while making a slide of onion peel. 1)
(c) Name the stain used for making the slide.
Q34. (a) Explain the process of Budding in hydra with the help of a well labelled diagram. (3+2)
(b) Differentiate between Internal fertilisation and External fertilisation. Give one example
of each.
104
Academic Monthly Plan
Session 2020-21
105
Delhi Public School Ghaziabad Vasundhara
Syllabus For Examination 2020 -21
UNIT TEST-1 Ch-2(Microorganisms: Friends and Foe)

Ch-3(Synthetic Fibers and Plastic)
UNIT TEST-2 Ch- 4(Materials: Metals and Non-Metals)

Ch – 5(Coal And Petroleum)
UNIT TEST-3 Ch-10(Reaching the Age of Adolescence)

Ch-11(Force and Pressure)
UNIT TEST-4 Ch-12 (Friction)

Ch-13(Sound)
HALF YEARLY Ch-1(Crop Production and Management)

EXAMINATION Ch-2(Microorganisms: Friends and Foe)
Ch-3(Synthetic Fibers and Plastic)
Ch- 4(Materials: Metals and Non-Metals)
Ch- 5( Coal and Petroleum)
Ch-6 (Combustion and Flame)
Ch-7(Conservation of Plants and Animals)
Ch-8(Cell- Structure and Function)
Ch- 9(Reproduction in Animals)
ANNUAL Ch- 5( Coal and Petroleum)

EXAMINATION Ch-6 (Combustion and Flame)
Ch-8(Cell- Structure and Function)
Ch- 9(Reproduction in Animals)
Ch-10(Reaching the Age of Adolescence)
Ch-11(Force and Pressure)
Ch-12 (Friction)
Ch-13(Sound)
Ch-14(Chemical Effects of Electric Current)
Ch-15(Some Natural Phenomenon)
Ch-16(Light)
Ch-18(Pollution of Air and Water)
106

SPIRAL CL 8 SWT 2020 21 26 12 19 Final

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INDEX

SCIENCE Page No.

All living organisms need food. Animals including human beings

Q1. Define the following terms:

(a) Agricultural practices

(c) Crop rotation

Q2. List any two precautions for sowing seeds.

Q3. Why is irrigation necessary? List any three reasons.

(i) Which agricultural practice is shown in the picture?

(ii) Name the implement used by the farmer in the picture.

(i) What is the farmer doing?

(ii) How does this help him?

(i) Identify whether the given brand is of a fertilizer or a manure.

(ii) State two disadvantages of using a manure

Q.5 Give a reason for the following-

Q 6. What are weeds? Why is weeding necessary?

1. Selection of seeds (activity 1.1)

You can see a large number of living organisms around you.

Q1. Define the following terms.

ii) Communicable diseases

Q3. What causes food poisoning?

Q4. Discuss five methods of food preservation.

Q5. Name the scientist who:

(c) Discovered the process of fermentation.

(d) Discovered the bacterium which causes anthrax.

(e) Discovered the process of pasteurization.

Q7. Complete the following table :

Disease Mode of transmission Causative

1. Antibiotic penicillin is made from ______________.

(a) Pasteurization of milk helps in its preservation.

Sugar solution with yeast powder becomes alcoholic in taste.

Q13. How does a vaccine work?

PRACTICAL SKILLS/ ACTIVITIES

Q2. What is 4 R principle?

Q3. How is rayon made? Why is it called artificial silk?

Q4. List two characteristic properties of each of the following:

Q8. How are thermoplastics different from thermosetting plastics?

Q9. Name the following:

i) Synthetic fibre used to make rope ___________________________________________

ii) Artificial fibre made from wood pulp ________________________________________

iii) Plastic material used to make non-stick pans___________________________________

Q11. Explain why, electric wires have plastic covering.

PRACTICAL SKILLS/ ACTIVITIES

Elements are classified into metals and non-metals depending on

Q1. Define the following terms:

Q2. State the physical properties of metals.

Q3. State the physical properties of non metals.

Q6. What happens when: (Write chemical equations also)

(a) Iron articles are exposed to moist air.

(b) Sulphur is heated till it starts burning.

(e) Iron fillings are kept in dilute copper sulphate solution.

Q7. How will you test the nature of the following:

(b) Sulphur dioxide:

Q8. Arrange the following elements in the order of increasing reactivity.

Sodium, Magnesium, Copper, Zinc, Aluminium

(a) Handles of the heating utensils are made up of wood or plastics.

(b) Gold is used for making jewellery.

PRACTICAL SKILLS /ACTIVITIES

Q1. Define the following terms: