Differentiation - Answers Page 1 of 9

Differentiation - Answers
Part 1

5 1
1. a) 6 b) 1 c) − d) −
4 4

2.
3 1
a) 14x6 b) − 10y−3 c) y− 2
2
2 1 2
d) − 2 e) √ f) − 3
y 2z 3a
3 6 2
g) − √ h) − 4 i) √
3
2a 2a 5ar 3b
3√ 1 3
j) 3b k) − l) 3x2 + 6x = 3x ( x + 2)
2  2 b5
x−1

1 1 1 1
m) √ − √ = √ n) − 3 + 8x − 3x2 o) 1 −
2 x x x 2x x y2
1 3
p) q) r) et−2
x T

d   d  
3. cosh( x ) = sinh( x ) and sinh( x ) = cosh( x ).
dx dx

4. a) 1 b) 1 c) −1

5. a) h0 (u) = cos(u) − u sin(u) b) k0 (u) = 1 + ln(u)

c) f 0 ( x ) = x cos( x ) + sin( x )

1 − y2 2y3 + 11y2 − 8y − 1 z(z3 + 3z − 2) 1−z

6. a) b) c) d) √
(1 + y2 )2 ( y + 4)2 ( z2 + 1)2 2 z (1 + z )2

z2 − 2z − 2
e)
( z − 1)2

u sin(u) + cos(u) dy x2 − 1 − 2x2 ln(2x )

7. a) g0 (u) = − b) =
u2 dx x ( x 2 − 1)2

102MP Calculus chris.pringle@coventry.ac.uk

Differentiation - Answers Page 2 of 9

1
c) f 0 ( x ) = sech2 ( x ) where sech( x ) = . To see this, you will need to use
cosh( x )
the definitions of cosh and sinh to show that cosh2 ( x ) − sinh2 ( x ) = 1.
2 2
d) h0 (θ ) =  2 = 1 − sin(2θ )
cos(θ ) − sin(θ )

6a
8. a) f 0 ( a) = 3( a + 1)2 b) f 0 ( a) = 6a( a2 + 1)2 c) −
( a2 + 1)4

9. a) f 0 ( x ) = 5(2x − 1)( x2 − x − 1)4 b) h0 ( x ) = 7(3x2 + 1)( x3 + x + 5)6

14( x + 2)
c) g0 ( x ) = − d) h0 (y) = 2e2y e) k0 (y) = 2 cos(2y)
( x2 + 4x + 6)8
2
f) f 0 ( T ) = −2 sin(2T ) g) h0 ( T ) = 2 sec2 (2T ) h) g0 (t) = 2tet

i) f 0 (t) = −3t2 sin(t3 ) j) h0 (t) = (2t + 1) exp(t2 + t) k) g0 (t) = 2e2t+1

1 4u
l) k0 (t) = m) f 0 (u) =
t+1 2u2 − 1
π
10.
360

( x2 + 1)2 (5x2 − 6x − 1)
11. a) k0 ( x ) = b) f 0 ( a) = a(9a + 8)( a + 4)6
( x − 1)2
c) h0 ( a) = ( a2 + a + 2)2 (7a2 + 4a + 2) d) g0 ( a) = a2 (7a + 3)( a + 1)3
√ x2 + 2x − 1
 
0 3
e) k ( a) = 2 + √ ( a + 3)2 f) h0 ( x ) = + 2( x + 1) ln( x − 1)
2 a x−1
√ √
0
 
0 (1 + a ) e a
12. a) f ( x ) = 2x cos(2x + 1) − x sin(2x + 1) b) f ( a) = √
2 a
a −√ab
r
0 1 c−1
c) f (b) = − e d) f 0 (c) = + ln(c + 1)
2 b c+1

102MP Calculus chris.pringle@coventry.ac.uk

Differentiation - Answers Page 3 of 9

2(d − 1) cos(2d) − sin(2d) 2e4d (2d2 − d + 2)

e) f 0 (d) = f) f 0 (d) =
( d − 1)2 ( d2 + 1)2
−1
g) f 0 ( x ) = (2x − 1)e x h) f 0 ( x ) = x (7x2 + 1)( x − x −1 )3 i) f 0 ( x ) = 4 sin(8x )
 
j) f 0 ( x ) = (4x2 + 22x + 9) exp(4x − 2) k) f 0 ( x ) = cos( x ) + 2 sin( x ) e2x

ln(10) logx (10) [logx (10)]2 1

l) f 0 ( x ) = − 2
= − = − m) f 0 ( x ) =
x [ln( x )] x ln( x ) x ln(10) x ln(10)
   
1 2 1 1
n) f 0 ( x ) = o) f 0 ( x ) = 2 csc2 . cot
x ln( a) x x x
 
p) f 0 ( x ) = − sin( x ). cos( x3 ) + 3x2 cos( x ). sin( x3 )

1 − x2
q) f 0 ( x ) = √
(1 − x + x 2 ) x 4 + x 2 + 1
1 1 x+1
r) f 0 ( x ) = − =
x − 4 2x − 3 ( x − 4)(2x − 3)
y
y

y − a sin a cos a
  
0 0 2  1 + x 
13. a) x (y) = y
y
b) z ( x ) = sec 
y2 cos2 a + a2 sin2 a (1 − x )2  1−x 

1 a
c) f 0 ( x ) = − i2 d) f 0 ( x ) = − √
x a − x2
2
h 
(1 + x2 ) arctan( x ) ln arctan( x )
sin( x )
e) f 0 ( x ) = − p
1 + cos2 ( x )
2a 1
f) f 0 ( x ) = ± √ . The sign will be ‘+’ if | x | < √ .
1 − a2 x 2 2| a |

2 sin( x )ecos( x)
g) f 0 ( x ) = −
2
ecos( x) + 1

cos( x )(2 + 2 sin( x ) − sin2 ( x ) ) 2x

h) f 0 ( x ) = i) f 0 ( x ) =
x4 − 2x2 + 2
q
2(1 − sin( x ) ) (2 + sin2 ( x ) )(1 − sin( x ) )

102MP Calculus chris.pringle@coventry.ac.uk

 Differentiation - Answers Page 4 of 9

x  
0 0 x 0
j) f ( x ) = 2x arcsin k) f ( x ) = a ln( a) l) f ( x ) = 1 + ln( x ) x x
2
0
m) f ( x ) = 0
n) Domain is empty. f 0 ( x ) does not exist for any x so, in particular, f 0 (1) does
not exist.
o) Domain is {1, −1} and so again f 0 ( x ) does not exist for any x.
p) Domain is empty as in n)
q) f 0 ( x ) =
6 cos( x ). cos(sin( x ) ). sin(sin( x ) ). cos(sin2 (sin( x ) ) ). sin2 (sin2 (sin( x ) ) )
4
r) f 0 ( x ) = − sin(ln( x ) ). cos3 (ln( x ) ). exp(cos4 (ln( x ) ) )
x
s) f 0 ( x ) =
exp( x ). exp(exp( x ) ). exp(exp(exp( x ) ) ). exp(exp(exp(exp( x ) ) ) ). exp(exp(exp(exp(exp( x ) ) ) ) )
1
t) f 0 ( x ) =
x

Part2

dy y(2x − y) d2 y 4xy0 + 2y − 2x (y0 )2 − 4yy0

1. = , = .
dx x (2y − x ) dx2 2xy − x2

1
2. a) 1 − √ .
x

3x2 + y
b) .
3y2 − x

y cos( x ) − sin(y)
c) .
x cos(y) − sin( x )

102MP Calculus chris.pringle@coventry.ac.uk

Differentiation - Answers Page 5 of 9

3( x 2 − y2 )
d)
.
2y 3x − sin(y2 )

3. -


4. a) x (2x + 1) 2(4x + 1) sin( x ) + x (2x + 1) cos( x ) .

x2

b) ( 3 − x ) cos ( 3x ) − 3x ( 1 + x ) sin ( 3x ) .
(1 + x )5

c) xe2x 2( x + 1) cos(3x ) − 3x sin(3x ) .

4x2 + 6x − 3
d) p .
x (1 − x ) (6 + x )(1 + x ) x (1 − x )

dy 2 2
5. a) = = √ .
dx 3t 33 x

dy
b) = − cot(t). Note that this curve is a circle, so to re-express in terms of
dx
x we shall need to distinguish the two cases: y > 0 and y < 0. For y = 0,
the tangent line is vertical and so the derivative does not exist here.

dy x
For y > 0, we have = −√ and for y < 0, we have
dx 4 − x2
dy x
=√ .
dx 4 − x2

dy b
q
6. = − cot(t). The speed is a2 sin2 (t) + b2 cos2 (t).
dx a
1
7. a) − .
2

b) −5.

102MP Calculus chris.pringle@coventry.ac.uk

Differentiation - Answers Page 6 of 9

Part 3

1. Local min at (2, −2).

2. Local min at (−2, −3).

3. Local max at (3, 18).

 
1 7
4. Local max at , .
2 4

5. Local min at (0, 2).

6. Local max at (0, 7).

 
3 9
7. Local max at (1, 5); local min at (2, 4); point of inflexion at ,
2 2
 
1
8. Local max at (−2, 89); local min at (3, −161); point of inflexion at , −36 .
2

9. Local max at (−1, 0); local min at (3, 8). (Note how the local min has a higher
y-value than the local max here.)
 
5
10. Local min at (1, −23); local max at (4, 31); point of inflexion at , 4 .
2

Part 4

The answers given here are computer plots rather than sketches. See detailed
solutions on Moodle when made available.

1. Note that this is an odd function.

Local max at (−1, −2) and local min at (1, 2).

102MP Calculus chris.pringle@coventry.ac.uk

Differentiation - Answers Page 7 of 9

No points of inflexion or intercepts.

Vertical asymptote at x = 0. Sloping asymptote at y = x.

2. This is an even function.

y-intercept is (0, 1).  
1 3
Local max at (0, 1). Points of inflexion at ±√ , .
3 4
Horizontal asymptote at y = 0.

102MP Calculus chris.pringle@coventry.ac.uk

Differentiation - Answers Page 8 of 9

3. Although neither even nor odd, one should note that it has reflectional
symmetry in the x-axis.
x- and y- intercept at (0, 0).
No stationary points but it is worth noting that curve has a vertical tangent at
(0, 0).
No points of inflexion.
Horizontal asymptotes at y = ±1 and a vertical asymptote at x = 2.
Since y2 is necessarily non-negative, this gives a restriction on the range of
permissible x-values. We cannot have x/( x − 2) < 0 and so we cannot have
0 < x 6 2.

102MP Calculus chris.pringle@coventry.ac.uk

Differentiation - Answers Page 9 of 9

4. y-intercept is (0, −6). x-intercepts are (−3, 0) and (4, 0).

No stationary points and no points of inflexion.
Vertical asymptote at x = −2 and a sloping asymptote at y = x − 3.

5. x- and y-intercept at (0, 0).

102MP Calculus chris.pringle@coventry.ac.uk

Differentiation - Answers Page 10 of 9

Local max at (0, 0).

Although there must be a couple of points of inflexion, these seem too hard to
find as to be worth the effort.
Horizontal asymptotes at y = ±5. Vertical asymptote at x = 0. (This may seem
odd, given that curve goes through origin. But see the plot that follows.)
Given that we must have x2 > 0, we must have y/(y2 − 25) > 0. Solving this
inequality leads to y ∈ (−5, 0] ∪ (5, ∞]. So values of y in the range 0 < y 6 5
have no corresponding points on the curve.

Part 5

a) 3.75π ≈ 11.78 cm2 .

b) a) 80π ≈ 251 cm3 b) 16π ≈ 50.3 cm2 .

c) 3.6 feet per second.

50
d) √ ≈ 13.87 feet per second.
13

102MP Calculus chris.pringle@coventry.ac.uk

Differentiation - Answers Page 11 of 9

5
e) = 0.625 metres per minute.
8
5
f) = 0.625 metres per second.
8
2000π
g) ≈ 698 feet per second.
9

102MP Calculus chris.pringle@coventry.ac.uk