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    Anaphy Lec Topic 5 - Cells

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    ydnic alykP
    Cells are the basic units of life and come in two main types - eukaryotic and prokaryotic. Eukaryotic cells contain organelles and are more complex, found in plants and animals, while prokaryotic cells do not have organelles and are unicellular. All cells contain a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and DNA. Organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and chloroplasts have specialized functions to keep the cell functioning. The nucleus contains DNA and controls the cell, mitochondria produce energy, and the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus help synthesize and transport proteins.

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    Anaphy Lec Topic 5 - Cells

    Uploaded by

    ydnic alykP
    19 views2 pages
    Cells are the basic units of life and come in two main types - eukaryotic and prokaryotic. Eukaryotic cells contain organelles and are more complex, found in plants and animals, while prokaryotic cells do not have organelles and are unicellular. All cells contain a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and DNA. Organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and chloroplasts have specialized functions to keep the cell functioning. The nucleus contains DNA and controls the cell, mitochondria produce energy, and the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus help synthesize and transport proteins.

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    Cells are the basic units of life and come in two main types - eukaryotic and prokaryotic. Eukaryotic cells contain organelles and are more complex, found in plants and animals, while prokaryotic cells do not have organelles and are unicellular. All cells contain a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and DNA. Organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and chloroplasts have specialized functions to keep the cell functioning. The nucleus contains DNA and controls the cell, mitochondria produce energy, and the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus help synthesize and transport proteins.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    19 views2 pages

    Anaphy Lec Topic 5 - Cells

    Uploaded by

    ydnic alykP
    Cells are the basic units of life and come in two main types - eukaryotic and prokaryotic. Eukaryotic cells contain organelles and are more complex, found in plants and animals, while prokaryotic cells do not have organelles and are unicellular. All cells contain a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and DNA. Organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and chloroplasts have specialized functions to keep the cell functioning. The nucleus contains DNA and controls the cell, mitochondria produce energy, and the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus help synthesize and transport proteins.

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    Topic 5: Cells o Cytoplasm – substance where

    ribosomes and rest of organelles


    CELL STRUCTURE
    float around
    Cells – are the smallest living units of an o Endoplasmic Reticulum – aside
    organism from cytoplasm, some ribosomes
    float around here [ER]; enclosed
    All cells have:
    passageway for transportation of
     Cell membrane – separates the materials (synthesized proteins)
    inside from the environment 2 Types:
     Cytoplasm – a jelly-like fluid a. Rough ER – has
     DNA – cell’s genetic material ribosomes attached
    to it
    2 Categories of Cell
    b. Smooth ER – no
    1. Eukaryotic Cells – contain ribosomes are
    organelles including nucleus and attached
    other special parts; more o Small vesicles – where proteins
    advanced complex cells found in and other materials emerge from
    plants and animals ER
    2. Prokaryotic Cells – do not contain o Golgi Apparatus (body) –
    nucleus or membrane enclosed receives the protein and other
    organelles, but have genetic materials where it is being
    material; always once-celled customized in a form that cells
    [unicellular organisms e.g. can use by folding into usable
    bacteria] shapes or adding other materials
    (carbohydrates, lipids)
    Organelles – “little organ” specialized
    o Vacuoles – sac-like structure that
    parts of a cell that have unique jobs to
    store different materials [in plant
    perform:
    cell, it stores water]
    o Nucleus – the control center of o Lysosome – take in damaged or
    cell containing the DNA which worn out cell parts; filled with
    tells the cell what to do and how enzymes that break down the
    to do it cellular debris
    o Chromatin – tangled, spread out o Mitochondrion – an organelle that
    form of DNA found inside the is the powerhouse for both animal
    nuclear membrane and plant cells
    o Chromosomes – DNA condenses
    Cellular Respiration -
    into these structures when the
    mitochondria make ATP
    cell is ready to divide
    molecules that provides energy
    o Nucleolus – contained by nucleus
    for all cell activities
    where ribosomes are made
    o Ribosomes – leaves the nucleus o Cytoskeleton – thread-like
    to synthesize or make proteins microfilaments made of proteins
    and microtubules that maintains
    the shape of the cell
    o Photoautotrophic [plants] –
    capture sunlight for energy
    o Chloroplast – where
    photosynthesis happens
    o Chlorophyll – green pigments
    o Cell wall – found outside the cell
    membrane that shapes, support,
    and protect the plant cell; animal
    cells don’t have cell walls
    Other structures only some cell have:
    o Cilia – found in respiratory tract;
    microscopic hair-like projections
    move in waves and can trap
    inhaled particles in the air and
    expels them when coughing
    o Flagella – tail the helps cell move
    or proper itself [sperm cell – only
    human cell containing flagella]

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