CIE O-Level

Organic Chemistry (Sheet # 01)

B6 Paraffin (kerosene) is a mixture of hydrocarbons. It is used as a fuel for the jet engines of an
aircraft.

(a) Paraffin is separated from crude oil using fractional distillation.

What property of paraffin is used to separate it from crude oil?

.................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) There is an alkane molecule in paraffin which contains 12 carbon atoms.

What is the formula of this alkane?

.................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) When paraffin burns in a jet engine some nitrogen monoxide, NO, is formed. This is
because the high temperature of the engine allows nitrogen to react with oxygen.

Write an equation to describe how nitrogen monoxide is formed in this reaction. Calculate
the mass of nitrogen monoxide formed from 55 kg of nitrogen.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

mass of nitrogen monoxide = ………………. kg [3]

(d) Nitrogen monoxide is involved in the formation of sulfur trioxide from sulfur dioxide.

2NO + O2 2NO2
NO2 + SO2 NO + SO3

(i) Write the overall equation for the formation of sulfur trioxide from sulfur dioxide.

............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) Explain how the reactions above suggest that nitrogen monoxide is acting as a
catalyst.

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................ [1]

1/15 Course Instructor : Salahuddin Bijoy

 (e) Nitrogen monoxide reacts with carbon monoxide as shown in the equation.

2NO + 2CO N2 + 2CO2

Identify, with reasons, the substance oxidised and the substance reduced.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [2]

(f) Using the information that one mole contains 6.02 × 1023 particles, calculate the number
of electrons in one mole of NO molecules.

..........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 10]

© UCLES 2010 5070/21/M/J/10

2/15 Course Instructor : Salahuddin Bijoy

 Page 5 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper
GCE O LEVEL – May/June 2010 5070 21

B7 (a) Butyne / but-1-yne / but-2-yne [1]

Answer on the line takes precedence

(b) The displayed formula for CH3CCH [1]

ALLOW CH3CCH providing triple bond is clearly shown

(c) (i) 60 – 85 °C [1]

Answer on the line takes precedence

(ii) C6H10 [1]

Answer on the line takes precedence

(d) (i) Bond breaking takes in energy and bond forming releases energy (1)
More energy is released than taken in (1) Second marking point is dependent
on first marking point [2]

(ii) Moles of C2H2 = 41.7 (1)

but
Energy released = 58750 kJ (2) ALLOW ecf mole × 1410 [2]

© UCLES 2010

3/15 Course Instructor : Salahuddin Bijoy

B8 An ester is made from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol.

The carboxylic acid has the molecular formula C4H8O2. Analysis of the alcohol shows it has
the following percentage composition by mass:
52.2% carbon; 13.0% hydrogen; 34.8% oxygen.

(a) (i) Suggest a possible name for the carboxylic acid.

............................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) Draw a possible structure for the carboxylic acid.

[1]

(iii) What is the empirical formula for the carboxylic acid?

............................................................................................................................ [1]

(b) Calculate the empirical formula for the alcohol.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [2]

(c) (i) Name the ester formed when ethanol reacts with ethanoic acid.

............................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) Suggest one commercial use of this ester.

............................................................................................................................ [1]

© UCLES 2010 5070/22/M/J/10

4/15 Course Instructor : Salahuddin Bijoy

 (d) Terylene is a polyester used to make clothing materials.

(i) Draw the partial structure of Terylene. Include all the atoms and all the bonds in the
ester linkage.

[2]

(ii) Which type of natural macromolecule contains the ester linkage?

............................................................................................................................ [1]

[Total: 10]

© UCLES 2010 5070/22/M/J/10

5/15 Course Instructor : Salahuddin Bijoy

 Page 8 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper
GCE O LEVEL – May / June 2010 5070 22

B8 (a) (i) butanoic acid / methylpropanoic acid ; [1]

(ii) minimum is CH3CH2CH2COOH / (CH3)2CHCOOH [1]

ALLOW: correct displayed formulae or mixture of structural and displayed

(iii) C2H4O [1]

(b) molar ratio correct C = 4.35, H = 13.0, O = 2.18 ; [1]

C2H6O [1]
ALLOW: correct error carried forward as long as there is not too much rounding up
or down from the first stage
ALLOW: C2H5OH

(c) (i) ethyl ethanoate ; [1]

(ii) solvent / flavouring / perfume / aroma /

ALLOW: to make the taste in sweets / deodorants
IGNORE: food additive

(d) (i)
O O [2]
║ ║
□
- – C – O –■– C – O –

correct structure of ester linkage showing ALL atoms and bonds (including bonds
to the boxes) = 1 mark

at least 2 units shown with continuation bonds = 1 mark

ALLOW: ester linkages reversed
ALLOW: boxes or part formulae between ester linkages the same
NOT: more than three type of ‘boxes’
ALLOW:
O O
║ ║
□
–O– – C – O –■– C ––
ALLOW: single unit shown bracketed and continuation bonds
2nd mark dependent on ester linkage being shown correctly, or as –COO- or –CO2- etc

(ii) fat / lipid / (tri)glyceride; [1]

© UCLES 2010

6/15 Course Instructor : Salahuddin Bijoy

A1 The structural formulae of some compounds containing the element carbon are shown.

H H H H H H

C O H C C C H H C C C H

H OH H H H C H H

H
A B C

Cl Cl H H H H

Cl C C F H C C C C O C O

F F H H H

D E F

(a) Choose from the compounds A, B, C, D, E and F to answer the questions below. Each
compound can be used once, more than once or not at all.

Which one of these compounds is

(i) responsible for the depletion of ozone in the upper atmosphere,

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) a poisonous gas produced by the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons,

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(iii) an unsaturated hydrocarbon, ............................................................................. [1]

(iv) formed when propene reacts with steam, ........................................................... [1]

(v) a product of respiration, ...................................................................................... [1]

(vi) an isomer of butane? ........................................................................................... [1]

(b) Name compound B.

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 7]

© UCLES 2010 5070/21/O/N/10

7/15 Course Instructor : Salahuddin Bijoy

 Page 2 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper
GCE O LEVEL – October/November 2010 5070 21

A1 (a) (i) D [1]

(ii) A [1]

(iii) E [1]

(iv) B [1]

(v) F [1]

(vi) C [1]

(b) Propanol / propan-2-ol (1) [1]

[Total: 7]

© UCLES 2010

8/15 Course Instructor : Salahuddin Bijoy

B7 The table shows the boiling points of the first four members of the alkane homologous series.
It also shows the enthalpy changes when these alkanes undergo complete combustion.

enthalpy change of
alkane boiling point /oC
combustion /kJ per mole

methane – 161 – 890

ethane – 88 –1560

propane – 42 –2219

butane 0 –2877

(a) State two characteristics of a homologous series.

..........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Pentane is the next member of the alkane homologous series.

(i) Give the molecular formula of pentane.

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) Predict the boiling point of pentane.

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) (i) What information in the table tells you that the combustion of alkanes is
exothermic?

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) In terms of bond making and bond breaking, explain why the combustion of alkanes
is exothermic.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

© UCLES 2010 5070/21/O/N/10

9/15 Course Instructor : Salahuddin Bijoy

 (iii) The difference in the enthalpy change of combustion from one alkane to the next is
approximately the same. Suggest why.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

(d) Methane is an atmospheric pollutant. Give one source of this pollutant.

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 10]

© UCLES 2010 5070/21/O/N/10

10/15 Course Instructor : Salahuddin Bijoy

 Page 5 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper
GCE O LEVEL – October/November 2010 5070 21

B7 (a) any two from:

• has a general (molecular) formula (1)
• consecutive members differ by CH2 (1)
• have similar or the same chemical properties (1)
ALLOW: can be prepared by same or similar methods
• have same functional group (1)
• physical properties change in predictable way (1)
ALLOW: example of change in physical property [2]

(b) (i) C5H12 (1) [1]

(ii) Any value between 23–47 (actual = 36°C) (1) [1]

© UCLES 2010

11/15 Course Instructor : Salahuddin Bijoy

Page 6 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper
GCE O LEVEL – October/November 2010 5070 21

(c) (i) enthalpy change is negative (1) [1]

(ii) Bond breaking is endothermic and bond making exothermic / heat needed to break
bonds and heat given out when bonds form (1)
but
Energy given out when new bonds formed greater than energy absorbed in
breaking bonds (2) [2]

(iii) Any two from:

• difference in CH2 in successive members (1)
• extra bonds broken are the same each time (1)
• extra ones made are the same (1) [2]

(d) Marshes / flatulence in animals or as result of bacteria or digestion in animals / paddy

fields / decomposition in landfill sites (1)
ALLOW: melting of permafrost / decay of organic material
IGNORE: natural gas [1]

[Total: 10]

© UCLES 2010

12/15 Course Instructor : Salahuddin Bijoy

B8 Proteins are naturally occurring macromolecules.

(a) (i) What do you understand by the term macromolecule?

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) Name another naturally occurring macromolecule.

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Proteins can be hydrolysed to amino acids.

State a suitable reagent and condition for this hydrolysis.

reagent..............................................................................................................................

condition ....................................................................................................................... [2]

(c) The amino acids can be identified by paper chromatography.

Describe, with the aid of a labelled diagram, how paper chromatography can be used to
identify particular amino acids.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [4]

© UCLES 2010 5070/21/O/N/10

13/15 Course Instructor : Salahuddin Bijoy

 13

(d) The structure of a section of a protein can be represented as: For

Examiner’s
H H H Use

N C N C N C

O O O

(i) Describe one similarity in the structure of a protein and the structure of nylon.

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) Describe one way in which the structure of a protein differs from the structure of
nylon.

..................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 10]

© UCLES 2010 5070/21/O/N/10 [Turn over

14/15 Course Instructor : Salahuddin Bijoy

 Page 6 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper
GCE O LEVEL – October/November 2010 5070 21

B8 (a) (i) Giant covalent structures (of atoms) / very long chained molecules (1) [1]

(ii) any suitable named or generically named macromolecule (1)

e.g. polysaccharides / starch / cellulose / DNA / RNA
ALLOW: fats / (large) carbohydrates [1]

(b) (concentrated) hydrochloric acid (1)

NOT: sulfuric / nitric acid
ALLOW: enzyme protease

Heat / reflux (1) dependent on the correct reagent

ALLOW: any value between 20–40°C for an enzyme [2]

(c) any two from:

• base of chromatography paper in solvent (1)
• spot of amino acids on base line (1)
• let the solvent run up paper (1)

AND
spray with locating agent (1)
Measure Rf values (1) [4]

(d) (i) Both have amide linkage / CONH link or group (1) [1]

(ii) Has many different side groups / only one carbon between each amide linkage /
has more than two monomers (1)
Different monomers is NOT sufficient [1]

[Total: 10]

© UCLES 2010

15/15 Course Instructor : Salahuddin Bijoy