Measurement Report in LTE

Measurement Report in LTE
 RRCConnectionReconfiguration ( measurement configuration provided to the UE)

o Measurement Objects
o Reporting Configurations
o Measurement Identities
o Quantity configurations
o measurement gaps
 Measurement report (it is triggered from UE)
 Layer 3 Filtering
 EVENT A1 , EVENT, A2 ,EVENT A3, EVENT A4 , EVENT A5 , EVENT B1 , EVENT
B2
This tutorial will focus on the measurement report. The measurement report is the mechanism used by
the UE to tell the network whatever results have been requested. Typically, these are measurements
of the surrounding cells. They can also include requested measurements of block error rate; transmit
power and other UE-based parameters. The UE learns the requested information using a
measurement configuration.
Fig 1.0 Call Flow

When a UE is in RRC-CONNECTED mode, this measurement configuration is provided to the UE by
means of dedicated signaling; typically using the RRC Connection Reconfiguration message.
1)RRC Connection Setup, 2) RRC Connection Reconfiguration and 3)RRC Connection Re-
establishment messages are used to configure UE measurement reporting, i.e. they replace the
Measurement Control message used by UMTS.
The eNode B can request the UE to complete the following types of measurements:
 Intra-frequency: measurement on the same RF carrier as the serving cell(s)

 Inter-frequency: measurements on an LTE RF carrier which is not used by the serving cell(s)
 Inter-RAT UTRAN FDD and TDD
 Inter-RAT GERAN
 Inter-RAT CDMA2000 HRPD or CDMA2000 1XRTT
When Carrier Aggregation is used for LTE Advanced there are multiple serving cells and each serving
cell has its own RF carrier.
Measurements on any RF carrier belonging to a serving cell are categorized as intra-frequency.
RRCConnectionReconfiguration
The measurement configuration provided to the UE includes the following parameters:
1.-Measurement Objects (measObjectToAddModList): the objects on which the UE shall perform

the measurements; i.e. frequencies and cells. In other words: who should the UE measure? These
include intra- and inter- frequency neighbors, IRAT UMTS neighbors, IRAT GSM neighbors and IRAT
CDMA2000 HRPD and 1xRTT neighbors.
- Intra-frequency and inter-frequency measurement object can specify individual cells to measure,
and individual cells to exclude from measurements. Individual cells are referenced by their Physical
layer Cell Identities(PCI).These objects can also request the UE to report the Cell Global
Identity(CGI) for specific PCI.
- Inter-RAT UTRAN measurement object can specify individual cells to measure by listing their
scrambling codes. This object can also request the UE to report the CGI for specific PSC.
- Inter-RAT GERAN measurement object specify which Network Colour Code (NCC) the UE is
permitted to measure. This object can also request the UE to report the Cell Global Identity (CGI) for
specific BSIC.
Fig 1.1 Measurement Object
2.-Reporting Configurations (reportConfigToAddModList): The criteria used by the UE to trigger

the transmission of a measurement report and the quantities that the UE includes in the report. In
other words: when should the UE send a report? This trigger can either be periodical or event-based.
for LTE, the triggering mechanism for sending a report can be either event driven or periodic. Event
driven reports are based upon events A1, A2, A3, A4, A5 and A6. Periodic reports are based upon the
expiry of a timer. The purpose of periodic reporting is signaled to either 1) ‘reporting the strongest
cells’ or 2) ‘reporting CGI’. The triggering quantity can be specified to be either RSRP or RSRQ,
while the reported quantity can be specified to be either the same as the triggering quantity, or both
RSRP and RSRQ.The maximum number of cells to report is specified (maxReportCells).
for inter-RAT, the triggering mechanism for sending a report can be either event or periodic. Event driven
reports are based upon events B1 and B2.Periodic reports are based upon the expiry of a timer. The
purpose of periodic reporting is signaled to be either 1) ‘reporting the strongest cells’, 2) ‘reporting the
strongest cells for SON’ or 3) ‘reporting a CGI’ .The maximum number of cells (maxReportCells) to
report is specified. Triggering quantities are dependent upon the RAT, e.g UTRAN events can be based
upon either CPICH RSCP or CPICH Ec/I0.
Fig 1.2 Report Configurations

3. - Measurement Identities (MeasIdToAddModList): an identifier that links one measurement
objects with one reporting configuration. In other words: the UE needs to keep track of the objects to
be measured and their specific triggers. The measurement identity is used as a reference number in
the measurement report.
Fig 1.3 Measurement Identity
4.- Quantity configurations (quantityConfig): the measurement quantities and associated filtering
used for all event evaluation and related reporting per RAT. Measurement quantities can also be
specified for UTRAN, GERAN and CDMA2000.
Fig 1.4 Quantity Configuration

5.- Measurement gaps (measGapConfig): periods of time that the UE may use to perform
measurements while in connected mode.
Fig 1.5 Measurement GAP
What does measurement gap means? and how to calculate measurement gaps?
Before the handover, UE normally measure the cell power (signal quality) of the target cell and
report it to the network, so that network can make a decision whether to allow UE to handover to the
target cell or not. Issue does not come when UE measure the signal quality of the target cell if the target
cell is at the same frequency as the current cell (Intrafrequency measurement) but an issue when the target
cell is at a different frequency from the current cell (Interfrequency measurement).
The simplest solution for Inter frequency measurement, the simplest solution for this would be to
implement two RF tranciever on UE.
However, there are some problems with this kind of two transceiver solution. One of the problems is cost
issue. It would require additional cost to implement the additional transceiver. The other problem
would be the possible interference between the current frequency and target frequency especially
when the current frequency and target frequency are close to each other
In short, measurement gaps are typically needed by the UE (having a single RF) to monitor cells on
other frequencies than the serving cell, i.e. LTE inter-frequency as well as inter-RAT (e.g. GSM and
3G) cells
Same concept is implemented in UMTS as “compress mode” but now in LTE – the Measurement GAP
(e.g, Starting Position of the Gap, Gap length, number of Gaps etc) is to create a small gap during
which no transmission and reception happens. since there is no signal transmission and reception
during the gap, UE can switch to the target cell and perform the signal quality measurement and
come back to the current cell.
Setup the measurement gap configuration indicated by the measGapConfig in accordance with the
received gapOffset, i.e., the first subframe of each gap occurs at an SFN and subframe meeting the
following condition:
SFN mod T = FLOOR(gapOffset/10);
subframe = gapOffset mod 10; (Example: if gapOffset is {gp0, 0 mod 10= 0} or {gp1 ,1 mod 10=1} )
with T = MGRP/10 as defined in TS 36.133 (T =40/10 =4)
===========================================================================
Example 1:
rrcConnectionReconfiguration-r8 {
measConfig {
measObjectToAddModList[0] {
measObjectId = 17
measObject {
measObjectEUTRA {
CarrierFreq = 300
AllowedMeasBandwidth = mbw100
presenceAntennaPort1 = FALSE
neighCellConfig = { 2, 00xxxxxx }
offsetFreq = dB0
cellsToAddModList[0] {
cellIndex = 1
physCellId = 402
cellIndividualOffset = dB0
}
}
}
}
reportConfigToAddModList[0] {
reportConfigId = 17
reportConfig {
reportConfigEUTRA {
triggerType {
event {
eventId {
eventA1 {
a1_Threshold {
threshold-RSRP = 1
}
}
}
hysteresis = 1
timeToTrigger = ms40
}
}
triggerQuantity = rsrp
reportQuantity = sameAsTriggerQuantity
maxReportCells = 8
reportInterval = ms640
reportAmount = r16
}
}
}
reportConfigId = 18
reportConfig {
reportConfigEUTRA {
triggerType {
event {
eventId {
eventA2 {
a2_Threshold {
threshold-RSRP = 1
}
}
}
hysteresis = 1
}
}
maxReportCells = 8
reportAmount = r16
}
}
}
reportConfigId = 19
reportConfig {
reportConfigEUTRA {
triggerType {
event {
eventId {
eventA1 {
a1_Threshold {
threshold-RSRQ = 1
}
}
}
hysteresis = 1
}
}
triggerQuantity = rsrq
maxReportCells = 8
reportAmount = r16
}
}
}
reportConfigId = 20
reportConfig {
reportConfigEUTRA {
triggerType {
event {
eventId {
eventA2 {
a2_Threshold {
threshold-RSRQ = 1
}
}
}
hysteresis = 1
}
}
triggerQuantity = rsrq
maxReportCells = 8
reportAmount = r16
}
}
}
reportConfigId = 21
reportConfig {
reportConfigEUTRA {
triggerType {
event {
eventId {
eventA3 {
a3_Offset = 1
reportOnLeave = TRUE
}
}
hysteresis = 1
}
}
maxReportCells = 8
reportAmount = r16
}
}
}
measIdToAddModList[0] {
measId = 17
measObjectId = 17
reportConfigId = 17
}
measId = 18
measObjectId = 17
reportConfigId = 18
}
measId = 19
measObjectId = 17
reportConfigId = 19
}
measId = 20
measObjectId = 17
reportConfigId = 20
}
measId = 21
measObjectId = 17
reportConfigId = 21
}
quantityConfig {
quantityConfigEUTRA {
filterCoefficientRSRP = fc4
filterCoefficientRSRQ = fc6
}
}
s_Measure = 0
}
Example:2
rrcConnectionReconfiguration-r8 {
measConfig {
measObjectId = 18
measObject {
measObjectEUTRA {
carrierFreq = 2
allowedMeasBandwidth = mbw6
presenceAntennaPort1 = FALSE
neighCellConfig = { 2, 01xxxxxx }
offsetFreq = dB-20
cellsToAddModList[0] {
cellIndex = 1
physCellId = 3
cellIndividualOffset = dB0
}
}
measObjectId = 19
measObject {
measObjectUTRA {
carrierFreq = 9670
offsetFreq = 1
cellsToAddModList {
cellsToAddModListUTRA-FDD[0] {
cellIndex = 1
physCellId = 1
}
}
}
}
reportConfigId = 22
reportConfig {
reportConfigEUTRA {
triggerType {
event {
eventId {
eventA4 {
a4_Threshold {
threshold-RSRP = 1
}
}
}
hysteresis = 1
}
}
maxReportCells = 8
reportAmount = r16
}
}
}
reportConfigId = 23
reportConfig {
reportConfigEUTRA {
triggerType {
event {
eventId {
eventA5 {
a5_Threshold1 {
threshold-RSRP = 1
}
a5_Threshold2 {
threshold-RSRP = 1
}
}
}
hysteresis = 1
}
}
maxReportCells = 8
reportAmount = r16
}
}
}

reportConfigId = 24
reportConfig {
reportConfigInterRAT {
triggerType {
event {
eventId {
eventB2 {
b2_Threshold1 {
threshold-RSRP = 50
}
b2_Threshold2 {
b2-Threshold2UTRA {
utra-RSCP = 1
}
}
}
}
hysteresis = 1
}
}
maxReportCells = 1
reportAmount = r16
}
}
}
measId = 22
measObjectId = 17
reportConfigId = 22
}
measId = 23
measObjectId = 18
reportConfigId = 23
}
measId = 24
measObjectId = 19
reportConfigId = 24
}
quantityConfig {
quantityConfigEUTRA {
filterCoefficientRSRP = fc4
filterCoefficientRSRQ = fc6
}
quantityConfigUTRA {
measQuantityUTRA_FDD = cpich-RSCP
measQuantityUTRA_TDD = pccpch-RSCP
filterCoefficient = fc11
}
}
measGapConfig {
setup {
gapOffset {
gp0 = 3
}
}
}
s_Measure = 0
}
}
}
==========================================================================
Measurement Report:
As per above scenario Example-2, In list “measIdToAddModList[2]” UE will trigger measuremnt report
for B2 (for measId=24)
measId = 24
measObjectId = 19
reportConfigId = 24
}
]
Below is the measurementReport structure for UTRA:
message {
c1 {
measurementReport {
criticalExtensions {
c1 {
measurementReport-r8 {
measResults {
measId = 24
measResultPCell {
rsrpResult = 0
rsrqResult = 0
}
measResultNeighCells {
measResultListUTRA[0] {
physCellId {
fdd = 1
}
measResult {
utra_RSCP = 1
utra_EcN0 = 1
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
===========================================================================
EVENT A1 , EVENT, A2 ,EVENT A3, EVENT A4 , EVENT A5 , EVENT B1 , EVENT B2
There are several measurement event in LTE. Which are as below.
Event A1
Event A2
Event A3
The most important parameters involved in event a3 reporting are listed below:
– eventA3offset
– hysteresis
– timeToTrigger
– sMeasure
– cellIndividualOffset
– triggerQuantity
– reportAmount
– reportInterval
– filterCoefficientRsrp
sMeasure

The RRCConnectionReconfiguration message can also contain a list of cells for which handover is not
allowed. These cells are identified by their Physical Cell Identity or by a range of Physical Cell Identities.
Measurements commences on the serving and neighboring cells when the RSRP of the serving cell falls
below the value defined in the sMeasure parameter. The user equipment detects neighboring cells via
intra frequency searches.
Event A3 is defined as a triggering event when a neighbour cell becomes an offset better than the serving
cell.
The UE creates a measurement report, populates the triggering details and sends the message to the
serving cell. The parameters that define the trigger include:
 a3offset: This parameter can be found in 3GPP 36.331. It configures the RRC IE a3-Offset
included in the IE reportConfigEUTRA in the MeasurementConfiguration IE. The value sent over
the RRC interface is twice the value configured, that is, the UE has to divide the received value
by 2.The role of the offset in Event A3 is to make the serving cell look better than its current
measurement in
And this condition is valid for timetotriggera3.
 At the expiration of timetotriggera3, if the UE does not receive an RRC connection

reconfiguration message (handover command) from the eNodeB, then it will start a timer
called reportingintervala3. At the expiration of this timer, if the conditions for event A3 are still
met and the eNodeB has not responded, then another measurement report will be sent to the
eNodeB. This process will continue until the eNodeB responds or until a number of measurement
reports given by the parameter reportingamount have been sent.
 The formula used by the user equipment for evaluating entry to EventA3 is shown belowL
Based on the picture above, event A3 will trigger when
Mn − HysteresisA3 > Ms + a3offset
Mn = measured value of the neighboring cell (either RSRP or RSRQ)

Ms = measured value of the serving cell (either RSRP or RSRQ)
 The user equipment uses the same offset and hysteresis values to determine when to leave
EventA3 when the serving cell improves in RSRP or RSRQ relative to the neighboring cells. The
formula used by the UE is shown below:
Mn + HysteresisA3 < Ms + a3offset
 reportQuantityA3 parameter indicates whether RSRP or RSRQ measurements, or both, are to

be included in the measurement reports
 reportIntervalA3 determines the time interval between measurement reports.
 reportAmountA3 indicates how many reports to send; a value of 0 indicates that the reports
should be sent indefinitely whilst the EventA3 condition is active.

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 RRCConnectionReconfiguration ( measurement configuration provided to the UE)

Fig 1.0 Call Flow

 Intra-frequency: measurement on the same RF carrier as the serving cell(s)

The measurement configuration provided to the UE includes the following parameters:

1.-Measurement Objects (measObjectToAddModList): the objects on which the UE shall perform

2.-Reporting Configurations (reportConfigToAddModList): The criteria used by the UE to trigger

Fig 1.2 Report Configurations

Fig 1.3 Measurement Identity

Fig 1.4 Quantity Configuration

Fig 1.5 Measurement GAP

SFN mod T = FLOOR(gapOffset/10);

with T = MGRP/10 as defined in TS 36.133 (T =40/10 =4)

Below is the measurementReport structure for UTRA:

EVENT A1 , EVENT, A2 ,EVENT A3, EVENT A4 , EVENT A5 , EVENT B1 , EVENT B2

There are several measurement event in LTE. Which are as below.

And this condition is valid for timetotriggera3.

 At the expiration of timetotriggera3, if the UE does not receive an RRC connection

Mn − HysteresisA3 > Ms + a3offset

Mn = measured value of the neighboring cell (either RSRP or RSRQ)

Mn + HysteresisA3 < Ms + a3offset

 reportQuantityA3 parameter indicates whether RSRP or RSRQ measurements, or both, are to

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